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Dobrynina LA, Kalashnikova LA, Shabalina AA, Kostyreva MV, Aleksandrova EV, Gafarova ME, Shamtieva KV. [Indicators of homeostasis, inflammation and homocysteine in ischemic stroke in the young age]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 117:25-33. [PMID: 29411742 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711712225-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine indicators of homeostasis, inflammation and homocysteine in the young-aged patients with ischemic stroke (IS) of different genesis in the subacute and chronic stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Out of 218 patients with IS (mean age 34.7±8.7 years), 55 had stroke due to dissection of the inner carotid or the spinal artery, 28 due to cardioembolia, 38 due to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), 16 due to cerebral arteritis; 85 patients were classified as having cryptogenic stroke, including 23 with noncerebral thrombosis (coagulopathy of unknown etiology) and 62 with no thrombosis. The control group included 28 healthy people matched for age and sex. RESULTS There were 1) an increase in von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII as well as a decrease in plasminogen and an increase in plasmin-inhibitor in IS caused by thrombosis (APS, cardioembolia, coagulopathy of unknown etiology); 2) alterations in erythrocyte aggregation and deformity in cryptogenic stroke; 3) mild or moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, with the exception of patients with APS and arteritis. Linear regression analysis confirmed these relationships. Discriminant analysis identified the clusters of parameters characteristic of APS (an increase in (aPTT), plasminogen, blood sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) and cardioembolia (decreased protein C and increased hematocrit). CONCLUSION The laboratory markers associated with cerebral thrombosis can be used for identification of a prothrombotic state as a cause of IS in the young age. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor but not a cause of IS. The increase of inflammatory markers in APS suggests a role of infection in its development.
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Li CJZ, Du XX, Yang K, Song LP, Li PK, Wang Q, Sun R, Lin XL, Lu HY, Zhang T. Effects of professional rehabilitation training on the recovery of neurological function in young stroke patients. Neural Regen Res 2017; 11:1766-1772. [PMID: 28123417 PMCID: PMC5204229 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Young stroke patients have a strong desire to return to the society, but few studies have been conducted on their rehabilitation training items, intensity, and prognosis. We analyzed clinical data of young and middle-aged/older stroke patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, China from February 2014 to May 2015. Results demonstrated that hemorrhagic stroke (59.6%) was the primary stroke type found in the young group, while ischemic stroke (60.0%) was the main type detected in the middle-aged/older group. Compared with older stroke patients, education level and incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia were higher in younger stroke patients, whereas, incidences of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease were lower. The average length of hospital stay was longer in the young group than in the middle-aged/older group. The main risk factors observed in the young stroke patients were hypertension, drinking, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes, previous history of stroke, and heart disease. The most accepted rehabilitation program consisted of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion. Average rehabilitation training time was 2.5 hours/day. Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale scores were increased at discharge. Six months after discharge, the degree of occupational and economic satisfaction declined, and there were no changes in family life satisfaction. The degrees of other life satisfaction (such as friendship) improved. The degree of disability and functional status improved significantly in young stroke patients after professional rehabilitation, but the number of patients who returned to society within 6 months after stroke was still small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jin-Zi Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Du
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu-Ping Song
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Kun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Room of Medical Records, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Lu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
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Chronic Alcohol Intoxication and Cortical Ischemia: Study of Their Comorbidity and the Protective Effects of Minocycline. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1341453. [PMID: 27418952 PMCID: PMC4933869 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1341453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) increases both morbidity and mortality of stroke patients. Despite the high prevalence of CAI and ischemic stroke, studies addressing their comorbidity and/or protective alternatives remain scarce. Thus, the influence of CAI on both stroke outcome and minocycline treatment (recognized for its neuroprotective effect) was investigated. Female Wistar rats (35 days old) were treated with water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) for 55 days. Then, focal ischemia was induced by endothelin-1 in the motor cortex. Two hours later, four doses of 50 mg/kg of minocycline every 12 hours followed by five doses of 25 mg/kg every 24 hours were administered. Behavioral performance (open field and rotarod tests) and immunohistochemical (cellular density, neuronal death, and astrocytic activation) and biochemical (lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels) analyses were performed. CAI increased motor disruption, nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels, and neuronal loss caused by ischemia, whereas it reduced the astrogliosis. Minocycline was effective in preventing the motor and tissue damage caused by stroke. However, these effects were attenuated when CAI preceded stroke. Our data suggest that CAI beginning in adolescence contributes to a worse outcome in ischemic stroke survivors and reduces the benefits of minocycline, possibly requiring adjustments in therapy.
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Oliveira GB, Fontes EDA, de Carvalho S, da Silva JB, Fernandes LMP, Oliveira MCSP, Prediger RD, Gomes-Leal W, Lima RR, Maia CSF. Minocycline mitigates motor impairments and cortical neuronal loss induced by focal ischemia in rats chronically exposed to ethanol during adolescence. Brain Res 2014; 1561:23-34. [PMID: 24637259 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is an important risk factor for the occurrence of cerebral ischemia contributing to poor prognosis and inefficacy of drug treatments for stroke-related symptoms. Females have a higher lifetime risk for stroke than males. Moreover, female gender has been associated with increased ethanol consumption during adolescence. In the present study, we investigated whether chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence may potentiate the motor impairments and cortical damage induced by focal ischemia in female rats. We also addressed whether these effects can be mitigated by minocycline, which has been shown to be neuroprotective against different insults in the CNS. Female rats were treated with distilled water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) for 55 days by gavage. Focal ischemia was induced by microinjections of endothelin-1 (ET-1) into the motor cortex. Animals of both groups were treated daily with minocycline (25-50 mg/kg, i.p.) or sterile saline (i.p.) for 5 days, and motor function was assessed using open field, inclined plane and rotarod tests. Chronic ethanol exposure exacerbated locomotor activity and motor coordination impairments induced by focal ischemia in rats. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that microinjections of ET-1 induced pyramidal neuron loss and microglial activation in the motor cortex. Minocycline reversed the observed motor impairments, microglial activation and pyramidal neuron loss in the motor cortex of ischemic rats even in those exposed to ethanol. These results suggest that minocycline induces neuroprotection and functional recovery in ischemic female rats intoxicated with ethanol during adolescence. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying this protective effect may be related to the modulation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedeão Batista Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Enéas de Andrade Fontes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Josiane Batista da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Souza Pereira Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Neurorregeneração Experimental do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Neurorregeneração Experimental do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Domingues-Montanari S, Mendioroz M, del Rio-Espinola A, Fernández-Cadenas I, Montaner J. Genetics of stroke: a review of recent advances. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:495-513. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.4.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arauz A, Merlos-Benítez M, Roa L, Hernández-Curiel B, Cantú C, Murillo L, Roldán J, Vargas-Barrón J, Barinagarrementeria F. Infarto cerebral criptogénico en pacientes jóvenes. Pronóstico y recurrencia a largo plazo. Neurologia 2011; 26:279-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Triantafyllidi H, Arvaniti C, Katsiva V, Lekakis I, Kremastinos D. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia complicated with severe ischemic stroke in a young patient. Int J Cardiol 2010; 139:299-301. [PMID: 18793812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A young patient suffered from acute right hemiparesis, facial weakness and Broca's aphasia with multiple brain lesions due to severe hypertension. His evaluation for secondary causes of hypertension revealed hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Treatment is based primarily on spironolactone and ACE inhibitors. Two years later he was in an outstanding clinical condition with few remained neurological symptoms and his blood pressure well controlled.
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Torralba Cabeza M, Amores Arriaga B, Matía Sanz M, Pérez Calvo J. Ictus en paciente joven: otro aspecto a tener en cuenta. Rev Clin Esp 2008. [DOI: 10.1157/13115829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barbagelata López C, Otero Palleiro M. Réplica. Rev Clin Esp 2008. [DOI: 10.1157/13115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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