1
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Mlejnek P. What Is the Significance of Lysosomal-Mediated Resistance to Imatinib? Cells 2023; 12:cells12050709. [PMID: 36899844 PMCID: PMC10000661 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal sequestration of hydrophobic weak-base anticancer drugs is one proposed mechanism for the reduced availability of these drugs at target sites, resulting in a marked decrease in cytotoxicity and consequent resistance. While this subject is receiving increasing emphasis, it is so far only in laboratory experiments. Imatinib is a targeted anticancer drug used to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), and a number of other malignancies. Its physicochemical properties make it a typical hydrophobic weak-base drug that accumulates in the lysosomes of tumour cells. Further laboratory studies suggest that this might significantly reduce its antitumor efficacy. However, a detailed analysis of published laboratory studies shows that lysosomal accumulation cannot be considered a clearly proven mechanism of resistance to imatinib. Second, more than 20 years of clinical experience with imatinib has revealed a number of resistance mechanisms, none of which is related to its accumulation in lysosomes. This review focuses on the analysis of salient evidence and raises a fundamental question about the significance of lysosomal sequestration of weak-base drugs in general as a possible resistance mechanism both in clinical and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Mlejnek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Nouri N, Mehrzad V, Khalaj Z, Zaker E, Zare F, Abbasi E, Khosravi M, Kalantar SM, Salehi M. Effects of ABCG2 C421A and ABCG2 G34A genetic polymorphisms on clinical outcome and response to imatinib mesylate, in Iranian chronic myeloid leukemia patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a multifactorial clonal myeloid neoplasm that mainly arises from the Philadelphia chromosome. Even though imatinib mesylate (IM) is considered the gold standard for first-line treatment, a number of CML patients have shown IM resistance that can be influenced by many factors, including pharmacogenetic variability. The present study examined whether two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCG2 (G34A and C421A) contribute to IM resistance and/or good responses.
Material and methods
A total of 72 CML patients were genotyped with high-resolution melting (HRM) and restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). We also determined the cytogenetic and hematological response, as evaluable factors for measuring response to imatinib.
Results
In the current study, we explored the relationship between the different variants of ABCG2 G34A and C421A and clinical response to imatinib among CML patients. There were no statistically significant differences between genotypes of C421A and G34A and allele frequencies among the resistant and responder groups, with response to IM (P > 0.05). Also, we found no statistically significant association between genotypes and cytogenetic and hematological responses.
Conclusion
This is the first study to investigate the association between genotypes of the G34A and C421A SNPs and the outcome of IM treatment in Iranian population. As a whole, genotyping of these SNPs is unhelpful in predicting IM response in CML patients.
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3
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Kantarjian HM, Jabbour E, Deininger M, Abruzzese E, Apperley J, Cortes J, Chuah C, DeAngelo DJ, DiPersio J, Hochhaus A, Lipton J, Nicolini FE, Pinilla‐Ibarz J, Rea D, Rosti G, Rousselot P, Shah NP, Talpaz M, Srivastava S, Ren X, Mauro M. Ponatinib after failure of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor in resistant chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:1419-1426. [PMID: 36054756 PMCID: PMC9804741 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib, the only third-generation pan-BCR::ABL1 inhibitor with activity against all known BCR::ABL1 mutations including T315I, has demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) resistant to prior second-generation (2G) TKI treatment. We present efficacy and safety outcomes from the Ponatinib Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and CML Evaluation (PACE) and Optimizing Ponatinib Treatment in CP-CML (OPTIC) trials for this patient population. PACE (NCT01207440) evaluated ponatinib 45 mg/day in CML patients with resistance to prior TKI or T315I. In OPTIC (NCT02467270), patients with CP-CML and resistance to ≥2 prior TKIs or T315I receiving 45 or 30 mg/day reduced their doses to 15 mg/day upon achieving ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS or received 15 mg/day continuously. Efficacy and safety outcomes from patients with CP-CML treated with ≥1 2G TKI (PACE, n = 257) and OPTIC (n = 93), 45-mg starting dose cohort, were analyzed for BCR::ABL1IS response rates, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. By 24 months, the percentages of patients with ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS response, PFS, and OS were 46%, 68%, and 85%, respectively, in PACE and 57%, 80%, and 91%, respectively, in OPTIC. Serious treatment-emergent adverse events and serious treatment-emergent arterial occlusive event rates were 63% and 18% in PACE and 34% and 4% in OPTIC. Ponatinib shows high response rates and robust survival outcomes in patients whose disease failed prior to 2G TKIs, including patients with T315I mutation. The response-based dosing in OPTIC led to improved safety and similar efficacy outcomes compared with PACE.
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MESH Headings
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imidazoles/adverse effects
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Pyridazines/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Michael Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Utah Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Jane Apperley
- Centre for HaematologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Charles Chuah
- Department of HaematologySingapore General Hospital, Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John DiPersio
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Department of Hematology/OncologyUniversitätsklinikum JenaJenaGermany
| | | | - Franck E. Nicolini
- Centre Leon Berard, Department d'Hématologie & INSERM U1052Equipe BMP, Niche Tumorale et Resistance, CRCLLyonFrance
| | | | - Delphine Rea
- Department of HematologyHopital Saint‐LouisParisFrance
| | | | - Philippe Rousselot
- Hospital Mignot University de Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐YvelinesParisFrance
| | - Neil P. Shah
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology)University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Xiaowei Ren
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc.LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Mauro
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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4
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Hodeib H, Abd EL Hai D, Tawfik MA, Allam AA, Selim AF, Sarhan ME, Selim A, Sabry NM, Mansour W, Youssef A. The Impact of SKP2 Gene Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:948. [PMID: 35741710 PMCID: PMC9223289 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients has been dramatically improved with the introduction of imatinib (IM), the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). TKI resistance is a serious problem in IM-based therapy. The human S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) gene may play an essential role in the genesis and progression of CML. Aim of the study: We try to explore the diagnostic/prognostic impact of SKP2 gene expression to predict treatment response in first-line IM-treated CML patients at an early response stage. Patients and methods: The gene expression and protein levels of SKP2 were determined using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA in 100 newly diagnosed CML patients and 100 healthy subjects. Results: SKP2 gene expression and SKP2 protein levels were significantly upregulated in CML patients compared to the control group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the SKP2 gene expression level, which that differentiated the CML patients from the healthy subjects, yielded a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 82.0%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.958 (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis for the SKP2 gene expression level, which differentiated optimally from the warning/failure responses, yielded a sensitivity of 70.59% and a specificity of 71.21%, with an AUC of 0.815 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The SKP2 gene could be an additional diagnostic and an independent prognostic marker for predicting treatment responses in first-line IM-treated CML patients at an early time point (3 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Hodeib
- Clinical Pathology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (H.H.); (D.A.E.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Dina Abd EL Hai
- Clinical Pathology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (H.H.); (D.A.E.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Mohamed A. Tawfik
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (A.F.S.); (M.E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alzahraa A. Allam
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (A.F.S.); (M.E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed F. Selim
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (A.F.S.); (M.E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohamed E. Sarhan
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (A.F.S.); (M.E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Amal Selim
- Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (A.F.S.); (M.E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Nesreen M. Sabry
- Clinical Oncology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Wael Mansour
- Clinical Oncology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.M.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Amira Youssef
- Clinical Pathology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (H.H.); (D.A.E.H.); (A.Y.)
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5
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Ma D, Liu P, Wang P, Zhou Z, Fang Q, Wang J. PKC-β/Alox5 axis activation promotes Bcr-Abl-independent TKI-resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6312-6327. [PMID: 33561320 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl independent resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a crucial factor lead to relapse or acute leukemia transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, its mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we found that of nine common protein kinases C (PKCs), PKC-β overexpression was significantly related with TKI resistance. Blockage of its expression in CD34+ cells and CML cell lines increased sensitivity to imatinib. Then, eighty-four leukemia related genes were compared between TKI-resistant CML cell lines with PKC-β silenced or not. Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) and its relative pathway mainly participated in the resistance induced by PKC-β overexpression. It's also observed that Alox5 was increased not only in bone marrow biopsy but also in CD34+ cells derived from IM-resistant CML patients. The signaling pathway exploration indicated that ERK1/2 pathway mediates Alox5 upregulation by PKC-β. Meanwhile, we also proved that Alox5 induces TKI-insensitivity in CML through inactivation of PTEN. In vivo experiment, PKC-β elective inhibitor LY333531 prolonged survival time in CML-PDX mice model. In conclusion, targeted on PKC-β overexpression might be a novel therapy mechanism to overcome TKI-resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Center of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Center of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Center of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Center of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
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6
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Chen X, Huang Z, Wu W, Xia R. Inhibition of Skp2 Sensitizes Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Imatinib. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4777-4787. [PMID: 32606967 PMCID: PMC7319929 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skp2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in modulating tumor progression. The mechanisms underlying Skp2 in the promotion of proliferation and its function in the primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human CML remain to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the function of Skp2 in CML progression as well as its effects on TKI sensitivity. Methods Expression of Skp2 in leukocytes from patients with CML and normal blood samples was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was analyzed by EdU incorporation and cell counting assays. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used for examination of the effects of CREB on Skp2 expression. The apoptosis in vitro of K562 cells was analyzed by MTT and caspase 3/7 activity assays. Results The present study demonstrates that Skp2 was expressed at a higher level in patients with CML compared with healthy donors, and the elevated expression of Skp2 is critical for CML cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Skp2 was transcriptionally upregulated by CREB responsive to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of Skp2 expression by shRNAs or blocking the PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway greatly enhances the sensitivity of CML cells to Imatinib treatment. Conclusion We conclude that the PI3K/Akt/CREB axis regulates the sensitivity of K562 cells to Imatinib via mediating Skp2 expression. The present study revealed an unknown role of Skp2 in CML progression and provided new aspects on the Skp2-modulated TKI sensitivity in CML, contributing to the development of potential therapeutic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhang T, Wei D, Lu T, Ma D, Yu K, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Wang W, Wang J. CAY10683 and imatinib have synergistic effects in overcoming imatinib resistance via HDAC2 inhibition in chronic myeloid leukemia. RSC Adv 2020; 10:828-844. [PMID: 35494464 PMCID: PMC9048251 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) is utilized for targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein and as such, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is considered to be a curable disorder for which patients can achieve a long survival. However, 15-20% CML cases end up with IM resistance that will develop into the accelerated stage and eventually the blast crisis, thereby restricting the treatment choices and giving rise to a dismal survival rate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified to modulate the oncogene as well as tumor suppressor gene activities, and they play crucial parts in tumorigenesis. It is found recently that IM combined with HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can serve as a promising means of overcoming IM resistance in CML cases. Santacruzamate A (CAY10683) has been developed as one of the selective and powerful HDACi to resist HDAC2. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine whether CAY10683 combined with IM could serve as the candidate antitumor treatment for CML cases with IM resistance. The influences of CAY10683 combined with IM on the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and viability of CML cells with IM resistance were investigated, and it was discovered that the combined treatment exerted synergistic effects on managing the IM resistance. Moreover, further studies indicated that CAY10683 combined with IM mainly exerted synergistic effects through inhibiting HDAC2 in K562-R and LAMA84-R cells with IM resistance. Besides, the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway was found to mediate the HDAC2 regulation of CML cells with IM resistance. Eventually, it was also discovered, based on the xenograft mouse model, that the combined treatment dramatically suppressed CML proliferation in vivo. To sum up, findings in the current study indicate that CAY10683 combined with IM can be potentially used as the candidate treatment for CML with IM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Guiyang 550002 PR China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Kunlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
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8
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Lyn regulates creatine uptake in an imatinib-resistant CML cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129507. [PMID: 31881245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) due to its remarkable hematologic and cytogenetic responses. We previously demonstrated that the imatinib-resistant CML cells (Myl-R) contained elevated Lyn activity and intracellular creatine pools compared to imatinib-sensitive Myl cells. METHODS Stable isotope metabolic labeling, media creatine depletion, and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor experiments were performed to investigate the origin of creatine pools in Myl-R cells. Inhibition and shRNA knockdown were performed to investigate the specific role of Lyn in regulating the Na+/K+-ATPase and creatine uptake. RESULTS Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (ouabain, digitoxin), depletion of extracellular creatine or inhibition of Lyn kinase (ponatinib, dasatinib), demonstrated that enhanced creatine accumulation in Myl-R cells was dependent on uptake from the growth media. Creatine uptake was independent of the Na+/creatine symporter (SLC6A8) expression or de novo synthesis. Western blot analyses showed that phosphorylation of the Na+/K+-ATPase on Tyr 10 (Y10), a known regulatory phosphorylation site, correlated with Lyn activity. Overexpression of Lyn in HEK293 cells increased Y10 phosphorylation (pY10) of the Na+/K+-ATPase, whereas Lyn inhibition or shRNA knockdown reduced Na+/K+-ATPase pY10 and decreased creatine accumulation in Myl-R cells. Consistent with enhanced uptake in Myl-R cells, cyclocreatine (Ccr), a cytotoxic creatine analog, caused significant loss of viability in Myl-R compared to Myl cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Lyn can affect creatine uptake through Lyn-dependent phosphorylation and regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These studies identify kinase regulation of the Na+/K+-ATPase as pivotal in regulating creatine uptake and energy metabolism in cells.
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9
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Dong Y, Lin Y, Gao X, Zhao Y, Wan Z, Wang H, Wei M, Chen X, Qin W, Yang G, Liu L. Targeted blocking of miR328 lysosomal degradation with alkalized exosomes sensitizes the chronic leukemia cells to imatinib. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9569-9582. [PMID: 31701195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib resistance remains the biggest hurdle for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), with the underlying mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we found that miR328 significantly and strikingly decreased among other miRNA candidates during the induction of imatinib resistance. Overexpression of miR328 sensitized resistant cells to imatinib via post-transcriptionally decreasing ABCG2 expression, while miR328 knockdown conferred imatinib resistance in parental K562 cells. Moreover, miR328 was found selectively degraded in the lysosomes of K562R cells, as inhibition of lysosome with chloroquine restored miR328 expression and increased sensitivity to imatinib. Moreover, delivery of alkalized exosomes increased endogenous miR328 expression. Compared with the corresponding controls, the alkalized exosomes with or without miR328 sensitized the chronic leukemia cells to imatinib. Taken together, our study has revealed that lysosomal clearance of miR328 in imatinib-resistant cells at least partially contributes to the drug resistance, while delivery of alkalized exosomes would sensitize the chromic leukemia cells to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changlexi Road NO.169th, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Implantation, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changlexi Road NO.169th, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road NO. 569th, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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10
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El Fakih R, Chaudhri N, Alfraih F, Rausch CR, Naqvi K, Jabbour E. Complexity of chronic-phase CML management after failing a second-generation TKI. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:776-787. [PMID: 31739705 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1691196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was radically changed with the introduction of imatinib in 2001. With the emergence of treatment failure with imatinib, more specific and potent second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were developed. Currently, 6 TKIs and one protein synthesis inhibitor are available on the market for CML treatment. Despite the availability of these agents, it is not uncommon for some patients to experience treatment failure across several lines of therapy. Sequencing the available treatment options is a challenging task that becomes more complex after patients fail the more potent second- and third-generation TKIs. The ability to successfully salvage such patients is limited. In this paper, we will briefly review the mechanisms of treatment failure in chronic-phase CML (CP-CML) and focus on the complexity of managing patients who fail a second-generation TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad El Fakih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Chaudhri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Caitlin R Rausch
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, LEUKEMIA, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiran Naqvi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, LEUKEMIA, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, LEUKEMIA, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Lack of association between functional polymorphism of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPD) and clinical response in Indian chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4997-5003. [PMID: 31286393 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The resistance for the tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs mainly due to BCR/ABL1 dependent and independent mechanisms. The defective DNA repair due to functional polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, might act as an etiological factor for leukemia progression. The study was carried out to understand the role of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPD) polymorphisms in Imatinib mesylate (IM) resistant CML patients. The study was carried out in total 87 CML patients (43 nonresponders-cases and 44 responders) who were treated with Imatinib. The treatment and follow-up was done according to European LeukemiaNet guidelines. The genotyping of selected SNPs were studied using RFLP and confirmed with Sanger sequencing (20%). The statistical analysis was performed using online tools (Socscistatistics and GraphPad InStat software). In our study no significant association was inferred between genotypes of DNA repair genes (XRCC1; rs1799782, rs25487, and XPD; rs13181) and complete cytogenetic response as well as molecular response. However there might be a possibility of association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln genotype AA/GA and cytogenetic response though it is statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Though none of the genotypes of the DNA repair genes showed association with IM response, near association between XRCC1Arg399Gln genotype and cytogenetic response observed in our study. Hence, large sample size should be studied to establish the association of SNPs of DNA repair genes and IM response. Our study is a novel and important to explain the role of DNA repair genes polymorphisms in IM resistance.
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12
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Prosurvival kinase PIM2 is a therapeutic target for eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10482-10487. [PMID: 31068472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903550116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to curing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the intrinsic resistance of CML stem cells (CMLSCs) to the drug imatinib mesylate (IM). Prosurvival genes that are preferentially expressed in CMLSCs compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent potential therapeutic targets for selectively eradicating CMLSCs. However, the discovery of such preferentially expressed genes has been hampered by the inability to completely separate CMLSCs from HSCs, which display a very similar set of surface markers. To overcome this challenge, and to minimize confounding effects of individual differences in gene expression profiles, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on CMLSCs and HSCs that were isolated from the same patient and distinguished based on the presence or absence of BCR-ABL. Among genes preferentially expressed in CMLSCs is PIM2, which encodes a prosurvival serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits the proapoptotic protein BAD. We show that IM resistance of CMLSCs is due, at least in part, to maintenance of BAD phosphorylation by PIM2. We find that in CMLSCs, PIM2 expression is promoted by both a BCR-ABL-dependent (IM-sensitive) STAT5-mediated pathway and a BCR-ABL-independent (IM-resistant) STAT4-mediated pathway. Combined treatment with IM and a PIM inhibitor synergistically increases apoptosis of CMLSCs, suppresses colony formation, and significantly prolongs survival in a mouse CML model, with a negligible effect on HSCs. Our results reveal a therapeutically targetable mechanism of IM resistance in CMLSCs. The experimental approach that we describe can be generally applied to other malignancies that harbor oncogenic fusion proteins or other characteristic genetic markers.
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13
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Han SH, Korm S, Han YG, Choi SY, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Park K, Kim JY, Myung K, Lee JY, Kim H, Kim DW. GCA links TRAF6-ULK1-dependent autophagy activation in resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Autophagy 2019; 15:2076-2090. [PMID: 30929559 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is the first molecularly targeted compound for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) capable to inhibit BCR-ABL kinase activity. However, recent clinical evidence indicates that a substantial proportion of CML patients exhibit BCR-ABL-dependent or independent resistance to imatinib. Despite the importance of imatinib resistance in CML, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this resistance are largely unknown. Here, we identified GCA (grancalcin) as a critical regulator of imatinib resistance in chronic phase CML via activation of autophagy. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GCA activates TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase activity to induce Lys63 ubiquitination of ULK1, a crucial regulator of autophagy, resulting in its stabilization and activation. We also highlighted the role of GCA-TRAF6-ULK1 autophagy regulatory axis in imatinib resistance. Our findings represent the basis for novel therapeutic strategies against CML.Abbreviation: ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; ADM: adrenomedullin; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ANXA5: annexin A5; CP: cytogenetic response; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; CUL3: cullin 3; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCA: grancalcin; Dx: at diagnosis; E-64-d: (2S,3S)-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-3-methylbutane ethyl ester; IMres: Imatinib resistance; KLHL20: Kelch-like protein 20; LRMP: lymphoid-restricted membrane protein; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MMR: major molecular response; NH4Cl: ammonium chloride; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PTPRC: protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SYK: spleen associated tyrosine kinase; TAP1: transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member; TKIs: ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors; TLR9: toll- like receptor 9; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sovannarith Korm
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Gi Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Choi
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibeom Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kc R, Thapa B, Ubeda A, Jiang X, Uludağ H. BCR-Abl Silencing by siRNA: A Potent Approach to Sensitize Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:734-744. [PMID: 30585758 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral gene therapy with specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against BCR-Abl can be an alternative and/or supportive therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), given the often observed resistance to TKIs in clinical setting. In this study, we explored the feasibility of BCR-Abl siRNA therapy in CML K562 cells in vitro by employing a cationic polymer derived from cholesterol (Chol) grafted low-molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI). The first generation TKI imatinib upregulated the expression of BCR-Abl in K562 cells as expected. Delivery of BCR-Abl siRNA in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant K562 cells significantly downregulated the mRNA levels in both cell types. Similarly, the BCR-Abl siRNA treatment arrested the growth of both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant K562 cells with no obvious differences despite a large difference in drug responsiveness. The BCR-Abl gene silencing in combination with TKI treatments exhibited significant synergism in drug-resistant K562 cells in generating substantial antileukemic activity, where the TKIs on their own were not effective. The effect of BCR-Abl siRNA and TKIs on non-CML cells (Jurkat and primary fibroblast) was negligible, indicating the specificity of the proposed therapy. This strategy can significantly overcome TKI resistance in CML cells, suggesting a feasible and effective treatment model for CML patients suffering from clinical resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remant Kc
- 1 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bindu Thapa
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anyeld Ubeda
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- 4 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- 1 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,2 Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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15
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Ma D, Wang P, Fang Q, Yu Z, Zhou Z, He Z, Wei D, Yu K, Lu T, Zhang Y, Wang J. Low-dose staurosporine selectively reverses BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance through PKC-α-mediated G2/M phase arrest in chronic myeloid leukaemia. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 46:S208-S216. [PMID: 30618318 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1490310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengchang He
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunling Yu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, China
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16
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Tissue "Hypoxia" and the Maintenance of Leukemia Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:129-145. [PMID: 31338818 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of the homing of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow to specific environmental conditions, referred to as the stem cell niche (SCN), has been intensively studied over the last three decades. These conditions include the action of a number of molecular and cellular players, as well as critical levels of nutrients, oxygen and glucose in particular, involved in energy production. These factors are likely to act also in leukemias, due to the strict analogy between the hierarchical structure of normal hematopoietic cell populations and that of leukemia cell populations. This led to propose that leukemic growth is fostered by cells endowed with stem cell properties, the leukemia stem cells (LSC), a concept readily extended to comprise the cancer stem cells (CSC) of solid tumors. Two alternative routes have been proposed for CSC generation, that is, the oncogenic staminalization (acquisition of self-renewal) of a normal progenitor cell (the "CSC in normal progenitor cell" model) and the oncogenic transformation of a normal (self-renewing) stem cell (the "CSC in normal stem cell" model). The latter mechanism, in the hematological context, makes LSC derive from HSC, suggesting that LSC share SCN homing with HSC. This chapter is focused on the availability of oxygen and glucose in the regulation of LSC maintenance within the SCN. In this respect, the most critical aspect in view of the outcome of therapy is the long-term maintenance of the LSC subset capable to sustain minimal residual disease and the related risk of relapse of disease.
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17
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AFLP-AFLP in silico-NGS approach reveals polymorphisms in repetitive elements in the malignant genome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206620. [PMID: 30408048 PMCID: PMC6224067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest in exploring the human genome and identifying genetic risk factors contributing to the susceptibility to and outcome of diseases has supported the rapid development of genome-wide techniques. However, the large amount of obtained data requires extensive bioinformatics analysis. In this work, we established an approach combining amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), AFLP in silico and next generation sequencing (NGS) methods to map the malignant genome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. We compared the unique DNA fingerprints of patients generated by the AFLP technique approach with those of healthy donors to identify AFLP markers associated with the disease and/or the response to treatment with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Among the statistically significant AFLP markers selected for NGS analysis and virtual fingerprinting, we identified the sequences of three fragments in the region of DNA repeat element OldhAT1, LINE L1M7, LTR MER90, and satellite ALR/Alpha among repetitive elements, which may indicate a role of these non-coding repetitive sequences in hematological malignancy. SNPs leading to the presence/absence of these fragments were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. When evaluating the results of AFLP analysis for some fragments, we faced the frequently discussed size homoplasy, resulting in co-migration of non-identical AFLP fragments that may originate from an insertion/deletion, SNP, somatic mutation anywhere in the genome, or combination thereof. The AFLP–AFLP in silico–NGS procedure represents a smart alternative to microarrays and relatively expensive and bioinformatically challenging whole-genome sequencing to detect the association of variable regions of the human genome with diseases.
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18
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A dynamic N 6-methyladenosine methylome regulates intrinsic and acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cell Res 2018; 28:1062-1076. [PMID: 30297871 PMCID: PMC6218444 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNAs is critical for various biological processes, yet whether m6A regulates drug resistance remains unknown. Here we show that developing resistant phenotypes during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy depends on m6A reduction resulting from FTO overexpression in leukemia cells. This deregulated FTO-m6A axis pre-exists in naïve cell populations that are genetically homogeneous and is inducible/reversible in response to TKI treatment. Cells with mRNA m6A hypomethylation and FTO upregulation demonstrate more TKI tolerance and higher growth rates in mice. Either genetic or pharmacological restoration of m6A methylation through FTO deactivation renders resistant cells sensitive to TKIs. Mechanistically, the FTO-dependent m6A demethylation enhances mRNA stability of proliferation/survival transcripts bearing m6A and subsequently leads to increased protein synthesis. Our findings identify a novel function for the m6A methylation in regulating cell fate decision and demonstrate that dynamic m6A methylome is an additional epigenetic driver of reversible TKI-tolerance state, providing a mechanistic paradigm for drug resistance in cancer.
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19
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Synergistic activity of imatinib and AR-42 against chronic myeloid leukemia cells mainly through HDAC1 inhibition. Life Sci 2018; 211:224-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Wei D, Lu T, Ma D, Yu K, Li X, Chen B, Xiong J, Zhang T, Wang J. Heme oxygenase-1 reduces the sensitivity to imatinib through nonselective activation of histone deacetylases in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5252-5263. [PMID: 30256411 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance towards imatinib (IM) remains troublesome in treating many chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key enzyme of antioxidative metabolism in association with cell resistance to apoptosis. Our previous studies have shown that overexpression of HO-1 resulted in resistance development to IM in CML cells, while the mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, the IM-resistant CML cells K562R indicated upregulation of some of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) compared with K562 cells. Therefore, we herein postulated HO-1 was associated with HDACs. Silencing HO-1 expression in K562R cells inhibited the expression of some HDACs, and the sensitivity to IM was increased. K562 cells transfected with HO-1 resisted IM and underwent obvious some HDACs. These findings related to the inhibitory effects of high HO-1 expression on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway that negatively regulated HDACs. Increased expression of HO-1 activated HDACs by inhibiting ROS production. In summary, HO-1, which is involved in the development of drug resistance in CML cells by regulating the expression of HDACs, is probably a novel target for improving CML therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Kunlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Bingqing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang, PR, China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR, China
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21
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Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Kino T, Sakai K, Itoh T, Imano M, Nakayama T, Nishio K, Satou T, Nishida S. Contributions of MET activation to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38717-38730. [PMID: 28418880 PMCID: PMC5503566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the breakpoint cluster region-abelson 1 (BCR-ABL1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib poses a major problem when treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib resistance often results from a secondary mutation in BCR-ABL1. However, in the absence of a mutation in BCR-ABL1, the basis of BCR-ABL1-independent resistance must be elucidated. To gain insight into the mechanisms of BCR-ABL1-independent imatinib resistance, we performed an array-based comparative genomic hybridization. We identified various resistance-related genes, and focused on MET. Treatment with a MET inhibitor resensitized K562/IR cells to BCR-ABL1 TKIs. Combined treatment of K562/IR cells with imatinib and a MET inhibitor suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, but did not affect AKT activation. Our findings implicate the MET/ERK and MET/JNK pathways in conferring resistance to imatinib, providing new insights into the mechanisms of BCR-ABL1 TKI resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kino
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Itoh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kindai University School of Agriculture, Nara, Nara, Japan
| | - Motohiro Imano
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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22
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Naqvi K, Cortes JE, Luthra R, O'Brien S, Wierda W, Borthakur G, Kadia T, Garcia-Manero G, Ravandi F, Rios MB, Dellasala S, Pierce S, Jabbour E, Patel K, Kantarjian H. Characteristics and outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia patients with E255K/V BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Int J Hematol 2018; 107:689-695. [PMID: 29464484 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Kinase domain (KD) mutations of ABL1 represent the most common resistance mechanism to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in CML. Besides T315I, mutations in codon 255 are highly resistant mutations in vitro to all TKI. We aimed to study the incidence, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients with E255K/V. We evaluated 976 patients by sequencing of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript for ABL1 KD mutations. We identified KD mutations in 381 (39%) patients, including E255K/V in 48 (13% of all mutations). At mutation detection, 14 patients (29%) were in chronic phase (CP), 12 (25%) in accelerated phase (AP), and 22 (46%) in blast phase (BP). 9/14 CP patients responded to treatment (best response complete hematologic response-CHR-4; complete cytogenetic response-CCyR-1; major molecular response-MMR-4); only 4/12 AP patients (CHR 3; MMR 1) and 7/22 BP patients responded (CCyR 2; MMR 2; partial cytogenetic response-PCyR-3). After a median follow-up of 65 months from mutation detection, 36 patients (75%) died: 9/14 (64%) in CP, 9/12 (75%) in AP, and 18/22 (82%) in BP (p = 0.003); median overall survival was 12 months. Patients with E255K/V mutation have a poor prognosis, regardless of the stage of the disease at detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Naqvi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Raja Luthra
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary Beth Rios
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sara Dellasala
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Keyur Patel
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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23
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Petrilli AM, Garcia J, Bott M, Klingeman Plati S, Dinh CT, Bracho OR, Yan D, Zou B, Mittal R, Telischi FF, Liu XZ, Chang LS, Welling DB, Copik AJ, Fernández-Valle C. Ponatinib promotes a G1 cell-cycle arrest of merlin/NF2-deficient human schwann cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31666-31681. [PMID: 28427224 PMCID: PMC5458238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic syndrome that predisposes individuals to multiple benign tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including vestibular schwannomas. Currently, there are no FDA approved drug therapies for NF2. Loss of function of merlin encoded by the NF2 tumor suppressor gene leads to activation of multiple mitogenic signaling cascades, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and SRC in Schwann cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether ponatinib, an FDA-approved ABL/SRC inhibitor, reduced proliferation and/or survival of merlin-deficient human Schwann cells (HSC). Merlin-deficient HSC had higher levels of phosphorylated PDGFRα/β, and SRC than merlin-expressing HSC. A similar phosphorylation pattern was observed in phospho-protein arrays of human vestibular schwannoma samples compared to normal HSC. Ponatinib reduced merlin-deficient HSC viability in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing phosphorylation of PDGFRα/β, AKT, p70S6K, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and STAT3. These changes were associated with decreased cyclin D1 and increased p27Kip1levels, leading to a G1 cell-cycle arrest as assessed by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Ponatinib did not modulate ABL, SRC, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or paxillin phosphorylation levels. These results suggest that ponatinib is a potential therapeutic agent for NF2-associated schwannomas and warrants further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Petrilli
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jeanine Garcia
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Marga Bott
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Stephani Klingeman Plati
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Christine T Dinh
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Olena R Bracho
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bing Zou
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fred F Telischi
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Liu
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Chang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Current Affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alicja J Copik
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Cristina Fernández-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Lake Nona-Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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24
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Ma L, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhu Z, Lin G, Jiang L, Lu X, Zou C. Matrine inhibits BCR/ABL mediated ERK/MAPK pathway in human leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108880-108889. [PMID: 29312576 PMCID: PMC5752489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR/ABL fusion gene and its downstream signaling pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and PI3K/AKT pathways play important roles in malignant transformation of leukemia, especially chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Our previous study showed that matrine, an alkaloid extracted from a Chinese herb radix sophorae, significantly inhibited the proliferation of human CML K562cells, induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, and promoted cell apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of matrine in the growth inhibition of leukemia cells using K562 and HL-60 cell lines. RT-PCR and Western blot assay demonstrated that the expression of BCR/ABL in K562 and HL-60 cells was significantly inhibited by matrine treatment. Phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2, and their upstream adaptor molecules Shc and SHP2 were significantly downregulated. The protein and mRNA expression of components of the ERK/MAPK signal pathway, and Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc, were dramatically reduced. Conversely, the expression of p27, a negative regulator of cell cycle progression, increased after matrine treatment. These results indicated that the inhibition of ERK/MAPK and BCR/ABL signaling pathway was associated with matrine's suppressive effects on the growth of K562 and HL-60 cells. In in vivo study, matrine significantly decreased the mortality rate of tumor-baring mice and suggested that matrine could exert its anti-leukemia effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Ma
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou 516002, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou 516002, China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Laboratory Center, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Guibin Lin
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou 516002, China
| | - Lijia Jiang
- Laboratory Center, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xuzhang Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
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25
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Ha SH, Kang SK, Choi H, Kwak CH, Abekura F, Park JY, Kwon KM, Chang HW, Lee YC, Ha KT, Hou BK, Chung TW, Kim CH. Induction of GD3/α1-adrenergic receptor/transglutaminase 2-mediated erythroid differentiation in chronic myelogenous leukemic K562 cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72205-72219. [PMID: 29069780 PMCID: PMC5641123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The disialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid GD3 recruited membrane transglutaminase 2 (TG2) as a signaling molecule for erythroid differentiation in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells. The α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR)/TG2-mediated signaling pathway regulated GD3 functions, including gene expression and production, to differentiate CML K562 cells into erythroid lineage cells. Epinephrine, an AR agonist, increased membrane recruitment as well as GTP-photoaffinity of TG2, inducing GD3 synthase gene expression. Epinephrine activated PI3K/Akt signaling and GTPase downstream of TG2 activated Akt. The coupling of TG2 and GD3 production was specifically suppressed by prazosin (α1-AR antagonist), but not by propranolol (β-AR antagonist) or rauwolscine (α2-AR antagonist), indicating α1-AR specificity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiment results indicated that the α1-AR/TG2-mediated signaling pathway activated PKCs α and δ to induce GD3 synthase gene expression. Transcription factors CREB, AP-1, and NF-κB regulated GD3 synthase gene expression during α1-AR-induced differentiation in CML K562 cells. In addition, GD3 synthase gene expression was upregulated in TG2-transfected cells via α1-AR with expression of erythroid lineage markers and benzidine-positive staining. α1-AR/TG2 signaling pathway-directed GD3 production is a crucial step in erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and GD3 interacts with α1-AR/TG2, inducing GD3/α1-AR/TG2-mediated erythroid differentiation. These results suggest that GD3, which acts as a membrane mediator of erythroid differentiation in CML cells, provides a therapeutic avenue for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Sung-Koo Kang
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Hyunju Choi
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Kwak
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
- Research Institute, Davinch-K Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young-Choon Lee
- Faculty of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea
| | - Bo Kyeng Hou
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Kyunggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Ali MAM. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: An Evolving Paradigm of Molecularly Targeted Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 20:315-33. [PMID: 27220498 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by the unrestrained expansion of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. CML was the first malignancy in which a unique chromosomal abnormality was identified and a pathophysiologic association was suggested. The hallmark of CML is a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9; 22)(q34; q11), creating a derivative 9q+ and a shortened 22q-. The latter, known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, harbors the breakpoint cluster region-abelson (BCR-ABL) fusion gene, encoding the constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that is necessary and sufficient for initiating CML. The successful implementation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of CML remains a flagship for molecularly targeted therapy in cancer. TKIs have changed the clinical course of CML; however, some patients nonetheless demonstrate primary or secondary resistance to such therapy and require an alternative therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the assessment of early response to treatment with TKIs has become an important tool in the clinical monitoring of CML patients. Although mutations in the BCR-ABL have proven to be the most prominent mechanism of resistance to TKIs, other mechanisms-either rendering the leukemic cells still dependent on BCR-ABL activity or supporting oncogenic properties of the leukemic cells independent of BCR-ABL signaling-have been identified. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of CML pathogenesis; recommendations for diagnostic tools, treatment strategies, and management guidelines; and highlights the BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent mechanisms that contribute to the development of resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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27
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El-Moghazy SM, George RF, Osman EEA, Elbatrawy AA, Kissova M, Colombo A, Crespan E, Maga G. Novel pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidines as dual Src-Abl inhibitors active against mutant form of Abl and the leukemia K-562 cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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29
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Chakraborty SN, Leng X, Perazzona B, Sun X, Lin YH, Arlinghaus RB. Combination of JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors: an effective therapeutic option in drug-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:201-208. [PMID: 27551334 PMCID: PMC4979592 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that JAK2 serves as a novel therapeutic target in Bcr-Abl+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We have reported the existence of an HSP90- associated high molecular weight network complex (HMWNC) that is composed of HSP90 client proteins BCR-ABL, JAK2, and STAT3 in wild type Bcr-Abl+ leukemic cells. Here we showed that the HSP90-HMWNC is present in leukemia cells from CML patients in blast stage, and in Imatinib (IM)-resistant 32Dp210 (T315I) leukemia cells. We found that the HSP90-HMWNC could be disassembled by depleting JAK2 with either Jak2-specific shRNA or treatment with JAK2 inhibitors (TG101209 or Ruxolitinib) and HSP90 inhibitor (AUY922). Combinational treatment with JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors diminished the activation of BCR-ABL, JAK2 and its downstream targets. As a result, the IM-resistant 32Dp210 T315I cells underwent apoptosis. When administered in mice bearing 32Dp210 T315I leukemia, combinational therapy using Ruxolitinib and AUY922 prolonged the survival significantly. Thus, a combination of JAK2 and HSP90 inhibitors could be a powerful strategy for the treatment of CML, especially in IM-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip N Chakraborty
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bastianella Perazzona
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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miR-101 sensitizes K562 cell line to imatinib through Jak2 downregulation and inhibition of NF-κB target genes. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14117-14128. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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31
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Mutational and network level mechanisms underlying resistance to anti-cancer kinase inhibitors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:164-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Ma L, Roderick J, Kelliher MA, Green MR. High-Throughput Screening of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistant Genes in CML. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1465:159-173. [PMID: 27581147 PMCID: PMC5508520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4011-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening in mammalian cells has proven to be a powerful tool for identifying new genes and molecular pathways relevant to many cellular processes and diseases. For example, screening for genes that, when inactivated, lead to resistance to cancer therapeutic drugs can reveal new mechanisms for how resistance develops and identify potential targetable strategies to overcome drug resistance. Here, we describe a detailed procedure for performing a high-throughput RNAi screen using a genome-wide human short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library for identifying tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistance genes in a human CML cell line model.
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MESH Headings
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Library
- High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Justine Roderick
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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33
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Morozova EV, Vlasova YY, Pryanishnikova MV, Lepik KV, Afanasyev BV. Efficacy of Dasatinib in a CML Patient in Blast Crisis with F317L Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:43-7. [PMID: 26673003 PMCID: PMC4674012 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has significantly increased survival rate and quality of life for patients with CML. Despite the high efficacy of imatinib, not all patients benefit from this treatment. Resistance to imatinib can develop from a number of mechanisms. One of the main reasons for treatment failure is a mutation in the BCR-ABL gene, which leads to therapy resistance and clonal evolution. Clearly, new treatment approaches are required for patients who are resistant to imatinib. However, mutated clones are usually susceptible to second-generation TKIs, such as nilotinib and dasatinib. The choice of the therapy depends on the type of mutation. A large trial program showed that dasatinib is effective in patients previously exposed to imatinib. However, for a minority of patients who experience treatment failure with TKI or progress to advanced-phase disease, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains the therapeutic option. In spite of the high curative potential of allo-SCT, its high relapse rate still requires a feasible strategy of posttransplant treatment and prophylaxis. We report a case of a CML patient with primary resistance to first-line TKI therapy. The patient developed an undifferentiated blast crisis. Before dasatinib therapy, the patient was found to have an F317L mutation. He was successfully treated with dasatinib followed by allo-SCT. In the posttransplant period, preemptive dasatinib treatment was used to prevent disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Morozova
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y Y Vlasova
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Pryanishnikova
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - K V Lepik
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - B V Afanasyev
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
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34
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Kim HB, Lee SH, Um JH, Kim MJ, Hyun SK, Gong EJ, Oh WK, Kang CD, Kim SH. Sensitization of chemo-resistant human chronic myeloid leukemia stem-like cells to Hsp90 inhibitor by SIRT1 inhibition. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:923-34. [PMID: 26157347 PMCID: PMC4495410 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which play a major role in drug resistance and disease recurrence, is critical to improve cancer treatment outcomes. The current investigation was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the combination treatment of Hsp90 inhibitor and SIRT1 inhibitor in inhibiting the growth of chemo-resistant stem-like cells isolated from human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Inhibition of SIRT1 by use of SIRT1 siRNA or SIRT1 inhibitors (amurensin G and EX527) effectively potentiated sensitivity of Hsp90 inhibitors (17-AAG and AUY922) in CD44(high) K562 stem-like cells expressing high levels of CSC-related molecules including Oct4, CD34, β-catenin, c-Myc, mutant p53 (mut p53), BCRP and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as well as CD44. SIRT1 depletion caused significant down-regulation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)/heat shock proteins (Hsps) as well as these CSC-related molecules, which led to the sensitization of CD44(high) K562 cells to Hsp90 inhibitor by SIRT1 inhibitor. Moreover, 17-AAG-mediated activation of HSF1/Hsps and P-gp-mediated efflux, major causes of Hsp90 inhibitor resistance, was suppressed by SIRT1 inhibitor in K562-CD44(high) cells. Our data suggest that combined treatment with Hsp90 inhibitor and SIRT1 inhibitor could be an effective therapeutic approach to target CSCs that are resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Bong Kim
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Su-Hoon Lee
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- 2. Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Suh-Kyung Hyun
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Gong
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- 3. College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-818, Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- 1. Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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Ma L, Shan Y, Bai R, Xue L, Eide CA, Ou J, Zhu LJ, Hutchinson L, Cerny J, Khoury HJ, Sheng Z, Druker BJ, Li S, Green MR. A therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:252ra121. [PMID: 25186176 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) poses a major problem for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IM resistance often results from a secondary mutation in BCR-ABL that interferes with drug binding. However, in many instances, there is no mutation in BCR-ABL, and the basis of such BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance remains to be elucidated. To gain insight into BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance mechanisms, we performed a large-scale RNA interference screen and identified IM-sensitizing genes (IMSGs) whose knockdown renders BCR-ABL(+) cells IM-resistant. In these IMSG knockdown cells, RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is sustained after IM treatment because of up-regulation of PRKCH, which encodes the protein kinase C (PKC) family member PKCη, an activator of CRAF. PRKCH is also up-regulated in samples from CML patients with BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved MEK inhibitor, synergistically kills BCR-ABL(+) IMSG knockdown cells and prolongs survival in mouse models of BCR-ABL-independent IM-resistant CML. Finally, we showed that CML stem cells contain high levels of PRKCH, and this contributes to their intrinsic IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib synergistically kills CML stem cells with negligible effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively, our results identify a therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance in CML and CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Shan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Robert Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Liting Xue
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jan Cerny
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hanna Jean Khoury
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Jabbour E, Kantarjian H, Cortes J. Use of second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: an evolving treatment paradigm. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:323-34. [PMID: 25971713 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although imatinib remains the gold standard for first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), increasing recognition of imatinib resistance and intolerance has led to the development of additional tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have demonstrated effectiveness as salvage therapies or alternative first-line treatments. Although additional options represent progress, the availability of 3 second-generation TKIs (dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib) and 1 third-generation TKI (ponatinib) has added complexity to the treatment paradigm for CML, particularly CML in the chronic phase. Two second-generation agents (dasatinib and nilotinib) are approved for use as first-line and subsequent therapy. Thus, the appropriate sequencing of TKIs is a frequent quandary, and is incompletely addressed in clinical guidelines. Here, we review studies that might guide selection of a second- or third-generation TKI after failure of TKI therapy in patients with chronic-phase CML. These studies evaluate prognostic factors such as first-line cytogenetic response and BCR-ABL1 mutation status, which might help physicians identify patients who are likely to respond to second-generation TKIs, and those for whom ponatinib or an investigational agent might be more appropriate. We summarize evidence to date that suggests that use of a second-generation TKI as third-line therapy confers limited value in most CML patients, and we also explore the utility of current event-free survival versus traditional outcomes to predict long-term benefits of sequential TKI use. Finally, we present 3 case studies to illustrate how prognostic factors and other considerations (eg, tolerability) can be used to individualize subsequent therapy in cases of TKI resistance or intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wang W, Zhang J, Li Y, Yang X, He Y, Li T, Ren F, Zhang J, Lin R. Divalproex sodium enhances the anti-leukemic effects of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia cells partly through SIRT1. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:791-9. [PMID: 25449787 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) represents a breakthrough in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by inhibiting the activity of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. However, many patients exhibit resistance to IM in the clinic. Recent studies have indicated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC), plays an important role in leukemogenesis. In addition, some HDAC inhibitors are being tested to determine their anti-cancer activities in clinical trials. Divalproex sodium (DVPX), a first-line treatment for epilepsy, is also a HDAC inhibitor. However, it is unclear whether the anti-leukemic effects of IM in combination with DVPX on CML cells are related to SIRT1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IM in combination with DVPX on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in CML cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. It was found that DVPX enhanced IM-induced cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in K562-S and K562-G cells. Surprisingly, the level of p-Bcr-Abl was similar in K562-S and K562-G cells. Moreover, IM combined with DVPX had no effects on the phosphorylation of Bcr-Abl and its downstream target STAT5. Further study revealed that SIRT1 expression was higher in K562-G cells compared with K562-S cells. DVPX enhanced the inhibitory effect of IM on SIRT1 expression in K562-S and K562-G cells. Furthermore, knockdown of SIRT1 promoted apoptosis of K562-G cells treated with IM and DVPX. These results indicate that DVPX may increase the sensitivity of CML cells to IM and reverse IM resistance by regulating SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eighth Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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The multidrug resistance pumps are inhibited by silibinin and apoptosis induced in K562 and KCL22 leukemia cell lines. Leuk Res 2014; 38:575-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kagita S, Uppalapati S, Jiwatani S, Linga VG, Gundeti S, Nagesh N, Digumarti R. Incidence of Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutations in imatinib refractory chronic myeloid leukemia patients from South India. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7187-93. [PMID: 24763825 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Bcr-Abl kinase domain (KD) are a major cause for acquired resistance to imatinib (IM) treatment and have been associated with progression and poor prognosis in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. The present study includes 63 patients resistant to standard imatinib dose of 400 mg according to ELN guidelines. Direct sequencing method is used for mutational analysis. The present study revealed 15 exonic mutations in 46.03 % of patients; among them, seven cases (24.13 %) had multiple mutations. Mutations were found to be higher in sokal high- (45.0 %) and intermediate- (68.42 %) compared to low-risk (29.16 %) group. Mutations were observed in 38.09 % of patients with EUTOS (European Treatment and Outcome Study) high risk and in 50.0 % with low risk. The frequency of mutations was 50.0 % in advanced phase, 47.36 % in late chronic-phase, and 43.33 % in chronic-phase patients. 42.10 % of patients with primary resistance and 52.0 % with secondary resistance had mutations. P-loop and T315I mutations were associated with poor survival in advanced phase patients (85.71 %) (P = 0.03). No significant variation was observed with Bcr-Abl transcript levels between the patients with the presence or absence of mutations (P = 0.73). Bcr-Abl levels were found to be significantly elevated in P-loop and T315I mutation carriers (P = 0.001) and also in T315I mutation-positive patients (P = 0.01). P-loop mutations and T315I are frequent in advanced phases and strongly associated with poor prognosis and survival. Hence, the identification of mutations in IM-resistant CML patients will help in treatment optimization with 2nd- or 3rd-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Kagita
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500082, India
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40
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Bu Q, Cui L, Li J, Du X, Zou W, Ding K, Pan J. SAHA and S116836, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, synergistically induce apoptosis in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:951-62. [PMID: 24759597 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited treatment options are available for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients who develop imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance. Here we proposed a novel combination regimen, a co-administration of S116836, a novel small molecule multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that was synthesized by rational design, and histone deacetylases inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), to overcome IM resistance in CML. S116836 at low concentrations used in the present study mildly downregulates auto-tyrosine phosphorylation of Bcr-Abl. SAHA, an FDA-approved HDACi drug, at 1 μM has modest anti-tumor activity in treating CML. However, we found a synergistic interaction between SAHA and S116836 in Bcr-Abl-positive CML cells that were sensitive or resistant to IM. Exposure of KBM5 and KBM5-T315I cells to minimal or non-toxic concentrations of SAHA and S116836 synergistically reduced cell viability and induced cell death. Co-treatment with SAHA and S116838 repressed the expressions of anti-apoptosis proteins, such as Mcl-1 and XIAP, but promoted Bim expression and mitochondrial damage. Of importance, treatment with both drugs significantly reduced cell viability of primary human CML cells, as compared with either agent alone. Taken together, our findings suggest that SAHA exerts synergistically with S116836 at a non-toxic concentration to promote apoptosis in the CML, including those resistant to imatinib or dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangui Bu
- Department of Pathophysiology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lijing Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Waiyi Zou
- Department of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou, PR China
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Alwan AF, Matti BF, Naji AS, Muhammed AH, Abdulsahib MA. Prospective single-center study of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: switching from branded imatinib to a copy drug and back. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2830-4. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.904508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Du Y, Xia Y, Pan X, Chen Z, Wang A, Wang K, Li J, Zhang J. Fenretinide targets chronic myeloid leukemia stem/progenitor cells by regulation of redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1866-80. [PMID: 24021153 PMCID: PMC3967369 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have recently shown that fenretinide preferentially targets CD34(+) cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and here, we test whether this agent exerts the effect on CD34(+) cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which are refractory to imatinib. RESULTS As tested by colony-forming cell assays using clinical specimens, both number and size of total colonies derived from CD34(+) CML cells were significantly reduced by fenretinide, and by combining fenretinide with imatinib. In particular, colonies derived from erythroid progenitors and more primitive pluripotent/multipotent progenitors were highly sensitive to fenretinide/fenretinide plus imatinib. Accordantly, fenretinide appeared to induce apoptosis in CD34(+) CML cells, particularly with regard to the cells in the subpopulation of CD34(+)CD38(-). Through cell quiescent assays, including Ki-67 negativity test, we added evidence that nonproliferative CD34(+) CML cells were largely eliminated by fenretinide. Transcriptome and molecular data further showed that mechanisms underlying the apoptosis in CD34(+) CML cells were highly complex, involving multiple events of oxidative stress responses. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION As compared with CD34(+) AML cells, the apoptotic effects of fenretinide on CD34(+) CML cells were more prominent whereas less varied among the samples of different patients, and also various stress-responsive events appeared to be more robust in fenretinide-treated CD34(+) CML cells. Thus, the combination of fenretinide with imatinib may represent a more sophisticated strategy for CML treatment, in which imatinib mainly targets leukemic blast cells through the intrinsic pathway of apopotosis, whereas fenretinide primarily targets CML stem/progenitor cells through the oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Du
- 1 Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM) , Shanghai, China
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Molecular dynamics reveal BCR-ABL1 polymutants as a unique mechanism of resistance to PAN-BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitor therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3550-5. [PMID: 24550512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321173111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of mutations within the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain is frequently associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) failure in chronic myeloid leukemia. Sensitive sequencing techniques have revealed a high prevalence of compound BCR-ABL1 mutations (polymutants) in patients failing TKI therapy. To investigate the molecular consequences of such complex mutant proteins with regards to TKI resistance, we determined by cloning techniques the presence of polymutants in a cohort of chronic-phase patients receiving imatinib followed by dasatinib therapy. The analysis revealed a high frequency of polymutant BCR-ABL1 alleles even after failure of frontline imatinib, and also the progressive exhaustion of the pool of unmutated BCR-ABL1 alleles over the course of sequential TKI therapy. Molecular dynamics analyses of the most frequent polymutants in complex with TKIs revealed the basis of TKI resistance. Modeling of BCR-ABL1 in complex with the potent pan-BCR-ABL1 TKI ponatinib highlighted potentially effective therapeutic strategies for patients carrying these recalcitrant and complex BCR-ABL1 mutant proteins while unveiling unique mechanisms of escape to ponatinib therapy.
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Abstract
The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been revolutionized by the small molecule selective kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Imanitib was the first BCR-ABL targeted agent approved for the treatment of CML patients and confers significant response in most patients; however, a substantial number of patients are initially refractory to the drug or may develop resistance during the course of treatment. Point mutations in the kinase domain (KD) of BCR-ABL that impact drug binding have been identified as one of the major mechanisms of resistance. We present here an overview of the current practice in monitoring for such mutations, including the methods used, criteria for investigating and guidelines for reporting the mutations. We further present and discuss the experience of our own laboratory in studying the KD mutations in Indian CML patients on imatinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Pathology, OncQuest Laboratories Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Sarjana Dutt
- Department of Molecular Pathology, OncQuest Laboratories Ltd., New Delhi, India
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45
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Jabbour EJ, Cortes JE, Kantarjian HM. Tyrosine kinase inhibition: a therapeutic target for the management of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:1433-52. [PMID: 24236822 PMCID: PMC4181370 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.859074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic neoplasm with a progressive, ultimately terminal, disease course. In most cases, CML arises owing to the aberrant formation of a chimeric gene for a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. Inhibition of the signaling activity of this kinase has proved to be a highly successful treatment target, transforming the prognosis of patients with CML. New tyrosine kinase inhibitors continue to improve the management of CML, offering alternative options for those resistant to or intolerant of standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here we review the pathobiology of CML and explore emerging strategies to optimize the management of chronic-phase CML, particularly first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J Jabbour
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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46
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Chakraborty S, Lin YH, Leng X, Miranda RN, Medeiros LJ, Shpall E, Arlinghaus RB. Activation of Jak2 in patients with blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia: inhibition of Jak2 inactivates Lyn kinase. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e142. [PMID: 24013663 PMCID: PMC3789205 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Chakraborty
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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47
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Synergistic killing effect of imatinib and simvastatin on imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:20-31. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835a0fbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Kusio-Kobialka M, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Peidis P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Wolanin K, Leszak G, Seferynska I, Stoklosa T, Koromilas AE, Piwocka K. The PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm is a pro-survival pathway of BCR-ABL signaling and confers resistance to imatinib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4069-78. [PMID: 23095523 PMCID: PMC3507502 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of adaptive mechanisms plays a crucial role in cancer progression and drug resistance by allowing cell survival under stressful conditions. Therefore, inhibition of the adaptive response is considered as a prospective therapeutic strategy. The PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation pathway is an important arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is induced under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our previous work showed that ER stress is induced in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation pathway is upregulated in CML cell lines and CD34+ cells from CML patients and is associated with CML progression and imatinib resistance. We also show that induction of apoptosis by imatinib results in the downregulation of the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inactivation of the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm decreases the clonogenic and proliferative capacities of CML cells and sensitizes them to death by imatinib. These findings provide evidence for a pro-survival role of PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm that contributes to CML progression and development of imatinib resistance. Thus, the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm may represent a suitable target for therapeutic intervention for CML disease.
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49
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Smith PG, Tanaka H, Chantry A. A novel co-operative mechanism linking TGFβ and Lyn kinase activation to imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Oncotarget 2012; 3:518-24. [PMID: 22643838 PMCID: PMC3388181 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of a mechanism specific inhibitor imatinib, targeting Bcr-Abl kinase, has paved the way for new treatment strategies in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). However, resistance to imatinib is common in patients and has recently been linked to both transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and elevated Lyn kinase activity, although molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, using leukaemic MYL cell lines derived from CML patients, we show that TGFβ plays a key role in imatinib-resistance via direct effects on Lyn ubiquitination and turnover that results in bursts of Lyn kinase activity, and identify c-cbl is a candidate E3 ubiquitin ligase. Furthermore, blockade of TGFβ signalling activity with the TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 significantly reduces Lyn turnover and activation, and subsequently enhances imatinib-mediated CML cell death in a proteasomal-dependent manner. Collectively, our data reveals novel co-operative mechanisms in CML involving TGFβ and Lyn kinase linked to proteasome function and ubiquitination, and thus supports therapeutic approaches that target TGFβ pathway activity as a strategy for overcoming imatinib-resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Systems-pharmacology dissection of a drug synergy in imatinib-resistant CML. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:905-912. [PMID: 23023260 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of the BCR-ABL(T315I) gatekeeper mutation is among the most pressing challenges in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Several BCR-ABL inhibitors have multiple targets and pleiotropic effects that could be exploited for their synergistic potential. Testing combinations of such kinase inhibitors identified a strong synergy between danusertib and bosutinib that exclusively affected CML cells harboring BCR-ABL(T315I). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we applied a systems-level approach comprising phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics and chemical proteomics. Data integration revealed that both compounds targeted Mapk pathways downstream of BCR-ABL, resulting in impaired activity of c-Myc. Using pharmacological validation, we assessed that the relative contributions of danusertib and bosutinib could be mimicked individually by Mapk inhibitors and collectively by downregulation of c-Myc through Brd4 inhibition. Thus, integration of genome- and proteome-wide technologies enabled the elucidation of the mechanism by which a new drug synergy targets the dependency of BCR-ABL(T315I) CML cells on c-Myc through nonobvious off targets.
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