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Zhang D, Ma B, Liu D, Wu W, Zhou T, Gao Y, Yang C, Jian Y, Fan Y, Qian Y, Ma J, Gao Y, Chen Y, Xu S, Li L. Discovery of a peptide proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) drug of p300 for prostate cancer therapy. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105212. [PMID: 38954976 PMCID: PMC11261775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E1A-associated protein p300 (p300) has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy due to its crucial role in promoting oncogenic signaling pathways in various cancers, including prostate cancer. This need is particularly significant in prostate cancer. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has demonstrated promising efficacy in prostate cancer, its long-term use can eventually lead to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Notably, p300 has been identified as an important co-activator of the androgen receptor (AR), highlighting its significance in prostate cancer progression. Moreover, recent studies have revealed the involvement of p300 in AR-independent oncogenes associated with NEPC. Therefore, the blockade of p300 may emerge as an effective therapeutic strategy to address the challenges posed by both CRPC and NEPC. METHODS We employed AI-assisted design to develop a peptide-based PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimera) drug that targets p300, effectively degrading p300 in vitro and in vivo utilizing nano-selenium as a peptide drug delivery system. FINDINGS Our p300-targeting peptide PROTAC drug demonstrated effective p300 degradation and cancer cell-killing capabilities in both CRPC, AR-negative, and NEPC cells. This study demonstrated the efficacy of a p300-targeting drug in NEPC cells. In both AR-positive and AR-negative mouse models, the p300 PROTAC drug showed potent p300 degradation and tumor suppression. INTERPRETATION The design of peptide PROTAC drug targeting p300 is feasible and represents an efficient therapeutic strategy for CRPC, AR-negative prostate cancer, and NEPC. FUNDING The funding details can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dize Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bohan Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cunli Yang
- Department of the Operating Theater, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanlin Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchen Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Li X, Xiong H, Mou X, Huang C, Thomas ER, Yu W, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Androgen receptor cofactors: A potential role in understanding prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116338. [PMID: 38417290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is witnessing a concerning rise in incidence annually, with the androgen receptor (AR) emerging as a pivotal contributor to its growth and progression. Mounting evidence underscores the AR's ability to recruit cofactors, influencing downstream gene transcription and thereby fueling the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells. Although, clinical strategies involving AR antagonists provide some relief, managing castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a formidable challenge. Thus, the need of the hour lies in unearthing new drugs or therapeutic targets to effectively combat PCa. This review encapsulates the pivotal roles played by coactivators and corepressors of AR, notably androgen receptor-associated protein (ARA) and steroid receptor Coactivators (SRC) in PCa. Our data unveils how these cofactors intricately modulate histone modifications, cell cycling, SUMOylation, and apoptosis through their interactions with AR. Among the array of cofactors scrutinised, such as ARA70β, ARA24, ARA160, ARA55, ARA54, PIAS1, PIAS3, SRC1, SRC2, SRC3, PCAF, p300/CBP, MED1, and CARM1, several exhibit upregulation in PCa. Conversely, other cofactors like ARA70α, PIASy, and NCoR/SMRT demonstrate downregulation. This duality underscores the complexity of AR cofactor dynamics in PCa. Based on our findings, we propose that manipulating cofactor regulation to modulate AR function holds promise as a novel therapeutic avenue against advanced PCa. This paradigm shift offers renewed hope in the quest for effective treatments in the face of CRPC's formidable challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haojun Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingzhu Mou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Culig Z, Puhr M. Androgen Receptor-Interacting Proteins in Prostate Cancer Development and Therapy Resistance. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:324-334. [PMID: 38104650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer is based on the use of drugs that diminish androgen concentration and androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors and is limited by the functional consequences of AR point mutations and increased expression of constitutively active receptors. Many coactivators (>280) interact with different AR regions. Most studies have determined the expression of coactivators and their effects in the presence of increasing concentrations of androgen or the antiandrogen enzalutamide. The p160 group of coactivators (SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3) is highly expressed in prostate cancer and contributes to ligand-dependent activation of the receptor in models that represent therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant cell lines. The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) are implicated in the regulation of a large number of cellular events, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. AR coactivators also may predict biochemical and clinical recurrence. The AR coactivator expression, which is enhanced in enzalutamide resistance, includes growth regulating estrogen receptor binding 1 (GREB1) and GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2). Several coactivators also activate AR-unrelated signaling pathways, such as those of insulin-like growth factors, which inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells. They are expressed in multiple models of resistance to therapy and can be targeted by various inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor in endocrine therapy-resistant prostate cancer has been documented previously. Specific coactivators may interact with the glucocorticoid receptor, thus contributing to therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Puhr
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wasserzug Pash P, Karavani G, Reich E, Zecharyahu L, Kay Z, Bauman D, Mordechai-Daniel T, Imbar T, Klutstein M. Pre-pubertal oocytes harbor altered histone modifications and chromatin configuration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1060440. [PMID: 36704200 PMCID: PMC9871384 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1060440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-pubertal oocytes are still dormant. They are arrested in a GV state and do not undergo meiotic divisions naturally. A multitude of molecular pathways are changed and triggered upon initiation of puberty. It is not yet clear which epigenetic events occur in oocytes upon pubertal transition, and how significant these epigenetic events may be. We evaluated epigenetic marker levels in mouse pre-pubertal and post-pubertal female oocytes. In addition, we evaluated H3K9me2 levels in human oocytes collected from fertility preservation patients, comparing the levels between pre-pubertal patients and post-pubertal patients. The chromatin structure shows a lower number of chromocenters in mouse post-pubertal oocytes in comparison to pre-pubertal oocytes. All heterochromatin marker levels checked (H3K9me2, H3K27me3, H4K20me1) significantly rise across the pubertal transition. Euchromatin markers vary in their behavior. While H3K4me3 levels rise with the pubertal transition, H3K27Ac levels decrease with the pubertal transition. Treatment with SRT1720 [histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator] or overexpression of heterochromatin factors does not lead to increased heterochromatin in pre-pubertal oocytes. However, treatment of pre-pubertal oocytes with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for 24 h - changes their chromatin structure to a post-pubertal configuration, lowers the number of chromocenters and elevates their histone methylation levels, showing that hormones play a key role in chromatin regulation of pubertal transition. Our work shows that pubertal transition leads to reorganization of oocyte chromatin and elevation of histone methylation levels, thus advancing oocyte developmental phenotype. These results provide the basis for finding conditions for in-vitro maturation of pre-pubertal oocytes, mainly needed to artificially mature oocytes of young cancer survivors for fertility preservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pe’era Wasserzug Pash
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Karavani
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lital Zecharyahu
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zehava Kay
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvora Bauman
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talya Mordechai-Daniel
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Imbar
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,*Correspondence: Tal Imbar, ; Michael Klutstein,
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,*Correspondence: Tal Imbar, ; Michael Klutstein,
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Chen Z, Li J, Yang H, He Y, Shi Q, Chang Q, Liu R, Huang X, Li Y. Discovery of novel benzimidazole derivatives as potent p300 bromodomain inhibitors with anti-proliferative activity in multiple cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 66:116784. [PMID: 35569250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus E1A-associated 300-kD protein (p300) bromodomain, which regulates gene expression by recognizing acetylated lysine (KAc) of histone, is a promising target for the treatment of cancer. Herein, a series of potent p300 bromodomain inhibitors with novel CBP30-based scaffolds was discovered through bioisosterism and conformational restriction strategies. The most promising compound 1u showed more potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 49 nM) against p300 bromodomain and anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cell lines compared to CBP30. Moreover, 1u suppressed the expression of c-Myc and induced G1/G0 phase arrest and apoptosis in OPM-2 cells more potently than CBP30. This study provides new lead compounds for further research on the biological functions of p300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiongyu Shi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Jaiswal B, Agarwal A, Gupta A. Lysine Acetyltransferases and Their Role in AR Signaling and Prostate Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886594. [PMID: 36060957 PMCID: PMC9428678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of a normal prostate gland, as well as its physiological functions, are regulated by the actions of androgens through androgen receptor (AR) signaling which drives multiple cellular processes including transcription, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in prostate cells. Post-translational regulation of AR plays a vital role in directing its cellular activities via modulating its stability, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Among various post-translational modifications (PTMs), acetylation is an essential PTM recognized in AR and is governed by the regulated actions of acetyltransferases and deacetyltransferases. Acetylation of AR has been identified as a critical step for its activation and depending on the site of acetylation, the intracellular dynamics and activity of the AR can be modulated. Various acetyltransferases such as CBP, p300, PCAF, TIP60, and ARD1 that are known to acetylate AR, may directly coactivate the AR transcriptional function or help to recruit additional coactivators to functionally regulate the transcriptional activity of the AR. Aberrant expression of acetyltransferases and their deregulated activities have been found to interfere with AR signaling and play a key role in development and progression of prostatic diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa). In this review, we summarized recent research advances aimed at understanding the role of various lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) in the regulation of AR activity at the level of post-translational modifications in normal prostate physiology, as well as in development and progression of PCa. Considering the critical importance of KATs in modulating AR activity in physiological and patho-physiological context, we further discussed the potential of targeting these enzymes as a therapeutic option to treat AR-related pathology in combination with hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Jaiswal
- Integrative Chemical Biology (ICB), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Ashish Gupta, ; Bharti Jaiswal,
| | - Akanksha Agarwal
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics (CoEE) Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, UP, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics (CoEE) Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, UP, India
- *Correspondence: Ashish Gupta, ; Bharti Jaiswal,
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Leach DA, Fernandes RC, Bevan CL. Cellular specificity of androgen receptor, coregulators, and pioneer factors in prostate cancer. ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 2:R112-R131. [PMID: 37435460 PMCID: PMC10259329 DOI: 10.1530/eo-22-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Androgen signalling, through the transcription factor androgen receptor (AR), is vital to all stages of prostate development and most prostate cancer progression. AR signalling controls differentiation, morphogenesis, and function of the prostate. It also drives proliferation and survival in prostate cancer cells as the tumour progresses; given this importance, it is the main therapeutic target for disseminated disease. AR is also essential in the surrounding stroma, for the embryonic development of the prostate and controlling epithelial glandular development. Stromal AR is also important in cancer initiation, regulating paracrine factors that excite cancer cell proliferation, but lower stromal AR expression correlates with shorter time to progression/worse outcomes. The profile of AR target genes is different between benign and cancerous epithelial cells, between castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells and treatment-naïve cancer cells, between metastatic and primary cancer cells, and between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This is also true of AR DNA-binding profiles. Potentially regulating the cellular specificity of AR binding and action are pioneer factors and coregulators, which control and influence the ability of AR to bind to chromatin and regulate gene expression. The expression of these factors differs between benign and cancerous cells, as well as throughout disease progression. The expression profile is also different between fibroblast and mesenchymal cell types. The functional importance of coregulators and pioneer factors in androgen signalling makes them attractive therapeutic targets, but given the contextual expression of these factors, it is essential to understand their roles in different cancerous and cell-lineage states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Leach
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Rayzel C Fernandes
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Somatic Alterations Impact AR Transcriptional Activity and Efficacy of AR-Targeting Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163947. [PMID: 34439101 PMCID: PMC8393938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For patients whose prostate cancer spreads beyond the confines of the prostate, treatment options continue to increase. However, we are missing the information that is needed to choose for each patient the best treatment at each step of his cancer progression so we can ensure that maximal remissions and prolonged survival are achieved. In this review, we examine whether a better understanding of how the activity of the target for the default first treatment, the androgen receptor, is regulated in prostate cancer tissues can improve prostate cancer treatment plans. We consider the evidence for variability of androgen receptor activity among patients and examine the molecular basis for this variable action. We summarize clinical evidence supporting that information on a prostate cancer’s genomic composition may inform on its level of androgen receptor action, which may facilitate choice for the most effective first-line therapy and ultimately improve prostate cancer treatment plans overall. Abstract Inhibiting the activity of the ligand-activated transcription factor androgen receptor (AR) is the default first-line treatment for metastatic prostate cancer (CaP). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induces remissions, however, their duration varies widely among patients. The reason for this heterogeneity is not known. A better understanding of its molecular basis may improve treatment plans and patient survival. AR’s transcriptional activity is regulated in a context-dependent manner and relies on an interplay between its associated transcriptional regulators, DNA recognition motifs, and ligands. Alterations in one or more of these factors induce shifts in the AR cistrome and transcriptional output. Significant variability in AR activity is seen in both castration-sensitive (CS) and castration-resistant CaP (CRPC). Several AR transcriptional regulators undergo somatic alterations that impact their function in clinical CaPs. Some alterations occur in a significant fraction of cases, resulting in CaP subtypes, while others affect only a few percent of CaPs. Evidence is emerging that these alterations may impact the response to CaP treatments such as ADT, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Here, we review the contribution of recurring somatic alterations on AR cistrome and transcriptional output and the efficacy of CaP treatments and explore strategies to use these insights to improve treatment plans and outcomes for CaP patients.
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Hong Z, Xiang Z, Zhang P, Wu Q, Xu C, Wang X, Shi G, Hong Z, Wu D. Histone acetyltransferase 1 upregulates androgen receptor expression to modulate CRPC cell resistance to enzalutamide. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e495. [PMID: 34323404 PMCID: PMC8299045 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the latest stage of PCa, and there is almost no effective treatment available for the patients with CRPC when next-generation androgen deprivation therapy drugs, such as enzalutamide (ENZ), fail. The androgen receptor (AR) plays key roles in PCa and CRPC progression and drug resistance. Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) has recently been reported to be highly expressed in some tumors, such as lung carcinoma. However, what relationship between the AR and HAT1, and whether or how HAT1 plays roles in CRPC progression and drug resistance remain elusive. In the present study, we found that HAT1 is highly expressed in PCa cells, and the overexpression of HAT1 is linked with CRPC cell proliferation. Moreover, the HAT1 expression is positively correlated with the expression of AR, including both AR-FL (full-length) and AR-V7 (variant 7), which is mainly mediated by a bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) -mediated pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of HAT1 can re-sensitize the response of CRPC cells to ENZ treatment in cells and mouse models. In addition, ascorbate was observed to decrease AR expression through downregulation of HAT1 expression. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel AR signaling regulation pathway in PCa and CRPC and suggest that HAT1 serves as a critical oncoprotein and an ideal target for the treatment of ENZ resistance in CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhendong Xiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pan Zhang
- Illinois Informatics InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chengdang Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guowei Shi
- Department of Urology, the Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiUrology Research Center of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zongyuan Hong
- Laboratory of Quantitative PharmacologyWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Waddell AR, Huang H, Liao D. CBP/p300: Critical Co-Activators for Nuclear Steroid Hormone Receptors and Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Prostate and Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2872. [PMID: 34201346 PMCID: PMC8229436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are two paralogous lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) that were discovered in the 1980s-1990s. Since their discovery, CBP/p300 have emerged as important regulatory proteins due to their ability to acetylate histone and non-histone proteins to modulate transcription. Work in the last 20 years has firmly established CBP/p300 as critical regulators for nuclear hormone signaling pathways, which drive tumor growth in several cancer types. Indeed, CBP/p300 are critical co-activators for the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in prostate and breast cancer, respectively. The AR and ER are stimulated by sex hormones and function as transcription factors to regulate genes involved in cell cycle progression, metabolism, and other cellular functions that contribute to oncogenesis. Recent structural studies of the AR/p300 and ER/p300 complexes have provided critical insights into the mechanism by which p300 interacts with and activates AR- and ER-mediated transcription. Breast and prostate cancer rank the first and forth respectively in cancer diagnoses worldwide and effective treatments are urgently needed. Recent efforts have identified specific and potent CBP/p300 inhibitors that target the acetyltransferase activity and the acetytllysine-binding bromodomain (BD) of CBP/p300. These compounds inhibit AR signaling and tumor growth in prostate cancer. CBP/p300 inhibitors may also be applicable for treating breast and other hormone-dependent cancers. Here we provide an in-depth account of the critical roles of CBP/p300 in regulating the AR and ER signaling pathways and discuss the potential of CBP/p300 inhibitors for treating prostate and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Waddell
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Haojie Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Daiqing Liao
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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11
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Furlan T, Kirchmair A, Sampson N, Puhr M, Gruber M, Trajanoski Z, Santer FR, Parson W, Handle F, Culig Z. MYC-Mediated Ribosomal Gene Expression Sensitizes Enzalutamide-resistant Prostate Cancer Cells to EP300/CREBBP Inhibitors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1094-1107. [PMID: 33705753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer are frequently treated with the antiandrogen enzalutamide. However, resistance eventually develops in virtually all patients, and various mechanisms have been associated with this process. The histone acetyltransferases EP300 and CREBBP are involved in regulation of cellular events in advanced prostate cancer. This study investigated the role of EP300/CREBBP inhibitors in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. EP300/CREBBP inhibitors led to the same inhibition of androgen receptor activity in enzalutamide-resistant and -sensitive cells. However, enzalutamide-resistant cells were more sensitive to these inhibitors in viability assays. As indicated by the RNA-sequencing-based pathway analysis, genes related to the ribosome and MYC activity were significantly altered upon EP300/CREBBP inhibitor treatment. EP300/CREBBP inhibitors led to the down-regulation of ribosomal proteins RPL36 and RPL29. High-level ribosomal proteins amplifications and MYC amplifications were observed in castration-resistant prostate cancer samples of the publicly available Stand Up to Cancer data set. An inhibitor of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription was used to evaluate the functional implications of these findings. The enzalutamide-resistant cell lines were more sensitive to this treatment. In addition, the migration rate of enzalutamide-resistant cells was strongly inhibited by this treatment. Taken together, the current data show that EP300/CREBBP inhibitors affect the MYC/ribosomal protein axis in enzalutamide-resistant cells and may have promising therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Furlan
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kirchmair
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Puhr
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Gruber
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frédéric R Santer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Florian Handle
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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Barbier RH, McCrea EM, Lee KY, Strope JD, Risdon EN, Price DK, Chau CH, Figg WD. Abiraterone induces SLCO1B3 expression in prostate cancer via microRNA-579-3p. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10765. [PMID: 34031488 PMCID: PMC8144422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of resistance to abiraterone, one of the primary drugs approved for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer, remains a priority. The organic anion polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3, encoded by SLCO1B3) transporter has been shown to transport androgens into prostate cancer cells. In this study we observed and investigated the mechanism of induction of SLCO1B3 by abiraterone. Prostate cancer cells (22Rv1, LNCaP, and VCAP) were treated with anti-androgens and assessed for SLCO1B3 expression by qPCR analysis. Abiraterone treatment increased SLCO1B3 expression in 22Rv1 cells in vitro and in the 22Rv1 xenograft model in vivo. MicroRNA profiling of abiraterone-treated 22Rv1 cells was performed using a NanoString nCounter miRNA panel followed by miRNA target prediction. TargetScan and miRanda prediction tools identified hsa-miR-579-3p as binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the SLCO1B3. Using dual luciferase reporter assays, we verified that hsa-miR-579-3p indeed binds to the SLCO1B3 3'UTR and significantly inhibited SLCO1B3 reporter activity. Treatment with abiraterone significantly downregulated hsa-miR-579-3p, indicating its potential role in upregulating SLCO1B3 expression. In this study, we demonstrated a novel miRNA-mediated mechanism of abiraterone-induced SLCO1B3 expression, a transporter that is also responsible for driving androgen deprivation therapy resistance. Understanding mechanisms of abiraterone resistance mediated via differential miRNA expression will assist in the identification of potential miRNA biomarkers of treatment resistance and the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto H Barbier
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Edel M McCrea
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristi Y Lee
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Strope
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily N Risdon
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas K Price
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cindy H Chau
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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13
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Konoshenko MY, Laktionov PP. MiRNAs and radical prostatectomy: Current data, bioinformatic analysis and utility as predictors of tumour relapse. Andrology 2021; 9:1092-1107. [PMID: 33638886 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes have particular interest for cancer biology and medicine due to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and markers. These studies are extensively influenced by anticancer therapy, as miRNAs interfere with the therapy's efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa). OBJECTIVES In this article, we summarise the available data on the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) and biochemical recurrence on miRNA expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular targets of these miRNAs, as well as the reciprocal relations between different miRNAs and their targets, were studied using the DIANA, STRING and TransmiR databases. Special attention was dedicated to the mechanisms of PCa development, miRNA, and associated genes as tumour development mediators. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Combined analysis of the databases and available literature indicates that expression of four miRNAs that are associated with prostate cancer relapse and alter their expression after RP, combined with genes that closely interact with selected miRNAs, has high potential for the prediction of PCa relapse after RP. PCa tissues and biofluids, both immediately after RP for diagnostics/prognostics and in long-term (relapse) monitoring, may be used as sources of these miRNAs. CONCLUSION An overview of the usefulness of published data and bioinformatics resources looking for diagnostic markers and molecular targets is presented in this article. The selected miRNA and gene panels have good potential as prognostic and PCa relapse markers after RP and likely could also serve as markers for therapeutic efficiency on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Current development of CBP/p300 inhibitors in the last decade. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112861. [PMID: 33045661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CBP/p300, functioning as histone acetyltransferases and transcriptional co-factors, represents an attractive target for various diseases, including malignant tumor. The development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the bromodomain and HAT domains of CBP/p300 has aroused broad interests of medicinal chemist in expectation of providing new hope for anti-cancer treatment. In particular, the CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibitor CCS1477, identified by CellCentric, is currently undergone clinical evaluation for the treatment of haematological malignancies and prostate cancer. In this review, we depict the development of CBP/p300 inhibitors reported from 2010 to 2020 and particularly highlight their structure-activity relationships (SARs), binding modes, selectivity and pharmacological functions with the aim to facilitate rational design and development of CBP/p300 inhibitors.
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15
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Lu C, Brown LC, Antonarakis ES, Armstrong AJ, Luo J. Androgen receptor variant-driven prostate cancer II: advances in laboratory investigations. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:381-397. [PMID: 32139878 PMCID: PMC7725416 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is a key prostate cancer drug target.
Suppression of AR signaling mediated by the full-length AR (AR-FL) is the
therapeutic goal of all existing AR-directed therapies. AR-targeting agents
impart therapeutic benefit, but lead to AR aberrations that underlie disease
progression and therapeutic resistance. Among the AR aberrations specific to
castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), AR variants (AR-Vs) have
emerged as important indicators of disease progression and therapeutic
resistance. Methods: We conducted a systemic review of the literature focusing on recent
laboratory studies on AR-Vs following our last review article published in
2016. Topics ranged from measurement and detection, molecular origin,
regulation, genomic function, and preclinical therapeutic targeting of
AR-Vs. We provide expert opinions and perspectives on these topics. Results: Transcript sequences for 22 AR-Vs have been reported in the
literature. Different AR-Vs may arise through different mechanisms, and can
be regulated by splicing factors and dictated by genomic rearrangements, but
a low-androgen environment is a prerequisite for generation of AR-Vs. The
unique transcript structures allowed development of in-situ and in-solution
measurement and detection methods, including mRNA and protein detection, in
both tissue and blood specimens. AR variant-7 (AR-V7) remains the main
measurement target and the most extensively characterized AR-V. Although
AR-V7 co-exists with AR-FL, genomic functions mediated by AR-V7 do not
require the presence of AR-FL. The distinct cistromes and transcriptional
programs directed by AR-V7 and their co-regulators are consistent with
genomic features of progressive disease in a low-androgen environment.
Preclinical development of AR-V-directed agents currently focuses on
suppression of mRNA expression and protein degradation as well as targeting
of the amino-terminal domain. Conclusions: Current literature continues to support AR-Vs as biomarkers and
therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Laboratory investigations reveal
both challenges and opportunities in targeting AR-Vs to overcome resistance
to current AR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Landon C Brown
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Gruber M, Ferrone L, Puhr M, Santer FR, Furlan T, Eder IE, Sampson N, Schäfer G, Handle F, Culig Z. p300 is upregulated by docetaxel and is a target in chemoresistant prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:187-198. [PMID: 31951590 PMCID: PMC7040497 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the microtubule inhibitor docetaxel is a common treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and results in prolonged patient overall survival. Usually, after a short period of time chemotherapy resistance emerges and there is urgent need to find new therapeutic targets to overcome therapy resistance. The lysine-acetyltransferase p300 has been correlated to prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Here, we aimed to clarify a possible function of p300 in chemotherapy resistance and verify p300 as a target in chemoresistant PCa. Immunohistochemistry staining of tissue samples revealed significantly higher p300 protein expression in patients who received docetaxel as a neoadjuvant therapy compared to control patients. Elevated p300 expression was confirmed by analysis of publicly available patient data, where significantly higher p300 mRNA expression was found in tissue of mCRPC tumors of docetaxel-treated patients. Consistently, docetaxel-resistant PCa cells showed increased p300 protein expression compared to docetaxel-sensitive counterparts. Docetaxel treatment of PCa cells for 72 h resulted in elevated p300 expression. shRNA-mediated p300 knockdown did not alter colony formation efficiency in docetaxel-sensitive cells, but significantly reduced clonogenic potential of docetaxel-resistant cells. Downregulation of p300 in docetaxel-resistant cells also impaired cell migration and invasion. Taken together, we showed that p300 is upregulated by docetaxel, and our findings suggest that p300 is a possible co-target in treatment of chemoresistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gruber
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ferrone
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin Puhr
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frédéric R Santer
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Furlan
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris E Eder
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Handle
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Y08197 is a novel and selective CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1436-1447. [PMID: 31097763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced prostate cancer, CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein) binding protein (CBP) and its homolog EP300 are highly expressed; targeting the bromodomain of CBP is a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. In the current study we identified Y08197, a novel 1-(indolizin-3-yl) ethanone derivative, as a selective inhibitor of CBP/EP300 bromodomain and explored its antitumor activity against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. In the AlphaScreen assay, we demonstrated that Y08197 dose-dependently inhibited the CBP bromodomain with an IC50 value at 100.67 ± 3.30 nM. Y08197 also exhibited high selectivity for CBP/EP300 over other bromodomain-containing proteins. In LNCaP, 22Rv1 and VCaP prostate cancer cells, treatment with Y08197 (1, 5 μM) strongly affected downstream signaling transduction, thus markedly inhibiting the expression of androgen receptor (AR)-regulated genes PSA, KLK2, TMPRSS2, and oncogenes C-MYC and ERG. Notably, Y08197 potently inhibited cell growth in several AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines including LNCaP, 22Rv1, VCaP, and C4-2B. In 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, treatment with Y08197 (1, 4, 16 μM) dose-dependently induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with Y08197 (5 μM) significantly decreased ERG-induced invasive capacity of 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells detected in wound-healing assay and cell migration assay. Taken together, CBP/EP300 inhibitor Y08197 represents a promising lead compound for development as new therapeutics for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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18
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Yan Y, Ma J, Wang D, Lin D, Pang X, Wang S, Zhao Y, Shi L, Xue H, Pan Y, Zhang J, Wahlestedt C, Giles FJ, Chen Y, Gleave ME, Collins CC, Ye D, Wang Y, Huang H. The novel BET-CBP/p300 dual inhibitor NEO2734 is active in SPOP mutant and wild-type prostate cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10659. [PMID: 31559706 PMCID: PMC6835201 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CULLIN3‐based E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate‐binding adaptor gene SPOP is frequently mutated in prostate cancer (PCa). PCa harboring SPOP hotspot mutants (e.g., F133V) are resistant to BET inhibitors because of aberrant elevation of BET proteins. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized mutation Q165P at the edge of SPOP MATH domain in primary and metastatic PCa of a patient. The Q165P mutation causes structural changes in the MATH domain and impairs SPOP dimerization and substrate degradation. Different from F133V hotspot mutant tumors, Q165P mutant patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) and organoids were modestly sensitive to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Accordingly, protein levels of AR, BRD4 and downstream effectors such as RAC1 and phosphorylated AKT were not robustly elevated in Q165P mutant cells as in F133V mutant cells. However, NEO2734, a novel dual inhibitor of BET and CBP/p300, is active in both hotspot mutant (F133V) and non‐hotspot mutant (Q165P) PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. These data provide a strong rationale to clinically investigate the anti‐cancer efficacy of NEO2734 in SPOP‐mutated PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Pang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin E Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Collin C Collins
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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19
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Zucconi BE, Makofske JL, Meyers DJ, Hwang Y, Wu M, Kuroda MI, Cole PA. Combination Targeting of the Bromodomain and Acetyltransferase Active Site of p300/CBP. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2133-2143. [PMID: 30924641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
p300 and CBP are highly related histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes that regulate gene expression, and their dysregulation has been linked to cancer and other diseases. p300/CBP is composed of a number of domains including a HAT domain, which is inhibited by the small molecule A-485, and an acetyl-lysine binding bromodomain, which was recently found to be selectively antagonized by the small molecule I-CBP112. Here we show that the combination of I-CBP112 and A-485 can synergize to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation. We find that the combination confers a dramatic reduction in p300 chromatin occupancy compared to the individual effects of blocking either domain alone. Accompanying this loss of p300 on chromatin, combination treatment leads to the reduction of specific mRNAs including androgen-dependent and pro-oncogenic prostate genes such as KLK3 (PSA) and c-Myc. Consistent with p300 directly affecting gene expression, mRNAs that are significantly reduced by combination treatment also exhibit a strong reduction in p300 chromatin occupancy at their gene promoters. The relatively few mRNAs that are up-regulated upon combination treatment show no correlation with p300 occupancy. These studies provide support for the pharmacologic advantage of concurrent targeting of two domains within one key epigenetic modification enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E Zucconi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jessica L Makofske
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Genetics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David J Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Yousang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Mitzi I Kuroda
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Genetics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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20
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Linder S, van der Poel HG, Bergman AM, Zwart W, Prekovic S. Enzalutamide therapy for advanced prostate cancer: efficacy, resistance and beyond. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 26:R31-R52. [PMID: 30382692 PMCID: PMC6215909 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor drives the growth of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This has led to the development of multiple novel drugs targeting this hormone-regulated transcription factor, such as enzalutamide – a potent androgen receptor antagonist. Despite the plethora of possible treatment options, the absolute survival benefit of each treatment separately is limited to a few months. Therefore, current research efforts are directed to determine the optimal sequence of therapies, discover novel drugs effective in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and define patient subpopulations that ultimately benefit from these treatments. Molecular studies provide evidence on which pathways mediate treatment resistance and may lead to improved treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review provides, firstly a concise overview of the clinical development, use and effectiveness of enzalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, secondly it describes translational research addressing enzalutamide response vs resistance and lastly highlights novel potential treatment strategies in the enzalutamide-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Linder
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Division of UrologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Medical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of OncogenomicsThe Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence should be addressed to S Prekovic:
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21
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Zoni E, Karkampouna S, Thalmann GN, Kruithof-de Julio M, Spahn M. Emerging aspects of microRNA interaction with TMPRSS2-ERG and endocrine therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:9-16. [PMID: 28189568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy detected in males and the second most common cause of cancer death in western countries. The development of the prostate gland, is finely regulated by androgens which modulate also its growth and function. Importantly, androgens exert a major role in PCa formation and progression and one of the hypothesized mechanism proposed has been linked to the chromosomal rearrangement of the androgen regulated gene TMPRSS2 with ERG. Androgens have been therefore used as main target for therapies in the past. However, despite the development of endocrine therapies (e.g. androgen ablation), when PCa progress, tumors become resistant to this therapeutic castration and patients develop incurable metastases. A strategy to better understand how patients respond to therapy, in order to achieve a better patient stratification, consists in monitoring the levels of small noncoding RNAs (microRNAs). microRNAs are a class of small molecules that regulate protein abundance and their application as biomarkers to monitor disease progression has been intensely studied in the last years. In this review, we highlight the interactions between microRNAs and endocrine-related aspects of PCa in tissues. We focus on the modulation of TMPRSS2-ERG and Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) by microRNAs and detail the influence of steroidal hormonal therapies on microRNAs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Zoni
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Spahn
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Liu S, Kumari S, Hu Q, Senapati D, Venkadakrishnan VB, Wang D, DePriest AD, Schlanger SE, Ben-Salem S, Valenzuela MM, Willard B, Mudambi S, Swetzig WM, Das GM, Shourideh M, Koochekpour S, Falzarano SM, Magi-Galluzzi C, Yadav N, Chen X, Lao C, Wang J, Billaud JN, Heemers HV. A comprehensive analysis of coregulator recruitment, androgen receptor function and gene expression in prostate cancer. eLife 2017; 6:e28482. [PMID: 28826481 PMCID: PMC5608510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer (CaP) prevents ligand-activation of androgen receptor (AR). Despite initial remission, CaP progresses while relying on AR. AR transcriptional output controls CaP behavior and is an alternative therapeutic target, but its molecular regulation is poorly understood. Here, we show that action of activated AR partitions into fractions that are controlled preferentially by different coregulators. In a 452-AR-target gene panel, each of 18 clinically relevant coregulators mediates androgen-responsiveness of 0-57% genes and acts as a coactivator or corepressor in a gene-specific manner. Selectivity in coregulator-dependent AR action is reflected in differential AR binding site composition and involvement with CaP biology and progression. Isolation of a novel transcriptional mechanism in which WDR77 unites the actions of AR and p53, the major genomic drivers of lethal CaP, to control cell cycle progression provides proof-of-principle for treatment via selective interference with AR action by exploiting AR dependence on coregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Cancer BiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | | | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Adam D DePriest
- Department of Cancer GeneticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | - Salma Ben-Salem
- Department of Cancer BiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Research Core ServicesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Shaila Mudambi
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Wendy M Swetzig
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Gokul M Das
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Mojgan Shourideh
- Department of Cancer GeneticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | - Changshi Lao
- Institute for Nanosurface Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffaloUnited States
| | | | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer BiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of UrologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Hematology/Medical OncologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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23
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Jin L, Garcia J, Chan E, de la Cruz C, Segal E, Merchant M, Kharbanda S, Raisner R, Haverty PM, Modrusan Z, Ly J, Choo E, Kaufman S, Beresini MH, Romero FA, Magnuson S, Gascoigne KE. Therapeutic Targeting of the CBP/p300 Bromodomain Blocks the Growth of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5564-5575. [PMID: 28819026 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance invariably develops to antiandrogen therapies used to treat newly diagnosed prostate cancers, but effective treatments for castration-resistant disease remain elusive. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator CBP/p300 is required to maintain the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer. To exploit this vulnerability, we developed a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the CBP/p300 bromodomain that blocks prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo Molecular dissection of the consequences of drug treatment revealed a critical role for CBP/p300 in histone acetylation required for the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor and its target gene expression. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for small-molecule therapies to target the CBP/p300 bromodomain as a strategy to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 77(20); 5564-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jesse Garcia
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Cecile de la Cruz
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ehud Segal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Merchant
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ryan Raisner
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Ly
- Department of DMPK, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Edna Choo
- Department of DMPK, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Steven Magnuson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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24
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Rodriguez-Bravo V, Carceles-Cordon M, Hoshida Y, Cordon-Cardo C, Galsky MD, Domingo-Domenech J. The role of GATA2 in lethal prostate cancer aggressiveness. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:38-48. [PMID: 27872477 PMCID: PMC5489122 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a classic example of the intractability and consequent lethality that characterizes metastatic carcinomas. Novel treatments have improved the survival of men with prostate cancer; however, advanced prostate cancer invariably becomes resistant to these therapies and ultimately progresses to a lethal metastatic stage. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control prostate cancer cell survival and progression towards this lethal stage of disease will benefit the development of new therapeutics. The transcription factor endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2) has been reported to have a key role in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition to being a pioneer transcription factor that increases androgen receptor (AR) binding and activity, GATA2 regulates a core subset of clinically relevant genes in an AR-independent manner. Functionally, GATA2 overexpression in prostate cancer increases cellular motility and invasiveness, proliferation, tumorigenicity, and resistance to standard therapies. Thus, GATA2 has a multifaceted function in prostate cancer aggressiveness and is a highly attractive target in the development of novel treatments against lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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25
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Zarif JC, Miranti CK. The importance of non-nuclear AR signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Cell Signal 2016; 28:348-356. [PMID: 26829214 PMCID: PMC4788534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) remains the major oncogenic driver of prostate cancer, as evidenced by the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in naïve patients, and the continued effectiveness of second generation ADTs in castration resistant disease. However, current ADTs are limited to interfering with AR ligand binding, either through suppression of androgen production or the use of competitive antagonists. Recent studies demonstrate 1) the expression of constitutively active AR splice variants that no longer depend on androgen, and 2) the ability of AR to signal in the cytoplasm independently of its transcriptional activity (non-genomic); thus highlighting the need to consider other ways to target AR. Herein, we review canonical AR signaling, but focus on AR non-genomic signaling, some of its downstream targets and how these effectors contribute to prostate cancer cell behavior. The goals of this review are to 1) re-highlight the continued importance of AR in prostate cancer as the primary driver, 2) discuss the limitations in continuing to use ligand binding as the sole targeting mechanism, 3) discuss the implications of AR non-genomic signaling in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, and 4) address the need to consider non-genomic AR signaling mechanisms and pathways as a viable targeting strategy in combination with current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelani C Zarif
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Lab of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States.
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26
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Xia S, Kohli M, Du M, Dittmar RL, Lee A, Nandy D, Yuan T, Guo Y, Wang Y, Tschannen MR, Worthey E, Jacob H, See W, Kilari D, Wang X, Hovey RL, Huang CC, Wang L. Plasma genetic and genomic abnormalities predict treatment response and clinical outcome in advanced prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16411-21. [PMID: 25915538 PMCID: PMC4599278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies, examinations of tumor components in body fluids, have shown promise for predicting clinical outcomes. To evaluate tumor-associated genomic and genetic variations in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and their associations with treatment response and overall survival, we applied whole genome and targeted sequencing to examine the plasma cfDNAs derived from 20 patients with advanced prostate cancer. Sequencing-based genomic abnormality analysis revealed locus-specific gains or losses that were common in prostate cancer, such as 8q gains, AR amplifications, PTEN losses and TMPRSS2-ERG fusions. To estimate tumor burden in cfDNA, we developed a Plasma Genomic Abnormality (PGA) score by summing the most significant copy number variations. Cox regression analysis showed that PGA scores were significantly associated with overall survival (p < 0.04). After androgen deprivation therapy or chemotherapy, targeted sequencing showed significant mutational profile changes in genes involved in androgen biosynthesis, AR activation, DNA repair, and chemotherapy resistance. These changes may reflect the dynamic evolution of heterozygous tumor populations in response to these treatments. These results strongly support the feasibility of using non-invasive liquid biopsies as potential tools to study biological mechanisms underlying therapy-specific resistance and to predict disease progression in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xia
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Meijun Du
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Dittmar
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adam Lee
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debashis Nandy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tiezheng Yuan
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yongchen Guo
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael R Tschannen
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Worthey
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Howard Jacob
- Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William See
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Deepak Kilari
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raymond L Hovey
- Great Lakes Genomics Center, School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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27
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Culig Z. Androgen Receptor Coactivators in Regulation of Growth and Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26201947 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a key factor in regulation of growth and differentiation in normal and malignant prostate. Endocrine therapies for prostate cancer include inhibition of androgen production either by analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone or abiraterone acetate and/or use of anti-androgens such as hydroxyflutamide, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide. Castration therapy-resistant cancer develops inevitably in patients who undergo treatment. AR coactivators are proteins which interact with one or more regions of the AR thus enhancing its function. Although several functions of AR coactivators may be redundant, specific functions have been identified and analyzed. The p160 group of coactivators, SRC-1, -2, and -3 not only potentiate the activation of the AR, but are also implicated in potentiation of function of insulin-like growth factor-I and activation of the Akt pathway. Transcriptional integrators p300 and CBP are up-regulated by androgen ablation and may influence antagonist/agonist balance of non-steroidal anti-androgens. A therapy approach designed to target p300 in prostate cancer revealed its role in regulation of proliferation of migration of androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer cells. Coactivators p300 and SRC-1 are required for AR activation by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that is overexpressed in castration therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Some coactivators, such as Vav3, are involved in regulation of transcriptional activity of truncated AR, which emerge during endocrine thrapy. Stimulation of cellular migration and invasion by AR coactivators has also been described. Translational studies with aim to introduce anti-AR coactivator therapy have not been successfully implemented in the clinic so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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DePriest AD, Fiandalo MV, Schlanger S, Heemers F, Mohler JL, Liu S, Heemers HV. Regulators of Androgen Action Resource: a one-stop shop for the comprehensive study of androgen receptor action. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:bav125. [PMID: 26876983 PMCID: PMC4752970 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is the main target for treatment of non-organ-confined prostate cancer (CaP). Failure of life-prolonging AR-targeting androgen deprivation therapy is due to flexibility in steroidogenic pathways that control intracrine androgen levels and variability in the AR transcriptional output. Androgen biosynthesis enzymes, androgen transporters and AR-associated coregulators are attractive novel CaP treatment targets. These proteins, however, are characterized by multiple transcript variants and isoforms, are subject to genomic alterations, and are differentially expressed among CaPs. Determining their therapeutic potential requires evaluation of extensive, diverse datasets that are dispersed over multiple databases, websites and literature reports. Mining and integrating these datasets are cumbersome, time-consuming tasks and provide only snapshots of relevant information. To overcome this impediment to effective, efficient study of AR and potential drug targets, we developed the Regulators of Androgen Action Resource (RAAR), a non-redundant, curated and user-friendly searchable web interface. RAAR centralizes information on gene function, clinical relevance, and resources for 55 genes that encode proteins involved in biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of androgens and for 274 AR-associated coregulator genes. Data in RAAR are organized in two levels: (i) Information pertaining to production of androgens is contained in a ‘pre-receptor level’ database, and coregulator gene information is provided in a ‘post-receptor level’ database, and (ii) an ‘other resources’ database contains links to additional databases that are complementary to and useful to pursue further the information provided in RAAR. For each of its 329 entries, RAAR provides access to more than 20 well-curated publicly available databases, and thus, access to thousands of data points. Hyperlinks provide direct access to gene-specific entries in the respective database(s). RAAR is a novel, freely available resource that provides fast, reliable and easy access to integrated information that is needed to develop alternative CaP therapies. Database URL: http://www.lerner.ccf.org/cancerbio/heemers/RAAR/search/
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Urology Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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29
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E. Livermore K, Munkley J, J. Elliott D. Androgen receptor and prostate cancer. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.2.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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30
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McNerney EM, Onate SA. New Insights in the Role of Androgen-to-Estrogen Ratios, Specific Growth Factors and Bone Cell Microenvironment to Potentiate Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.11131/2015/101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. McNerney
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chile
| | - Sergio A. Onate
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chile
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory, Anatomy and Pathology Building, 2nd Floor, School of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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31
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Nilsson EM, Laursen KB, Whitchurch J, McWilliam A, Ødum N, Persson JL, Heery DM, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP. MiR137 is an androgen regulated repressor of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators. Oncotarget 2015; 6:35710-25. [PMID: 26461474 PMCID: PMC4742136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play crucial roles in male development and the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). The AR functions as a ligand dependent transcription factor which recruits multiple enzymatically distinct epigenetic coregulators to facilitate transcriptional regulation in response to androgens. Over-expression of AR coregulators is implicated in cancer. We have shown that over-expression of KDM1A, an AR coregulator, contributes to PCa recurrence by promoting VEGFA expression. However the mechanism(s) whereby AR coregulators are increased in PCa remain poorly understood. In this study we show that the microRNA hsa-miR-137 (miR137) tumor suppressor regulates expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators including KDM1A/LSD1/AOF1, KDM2A/JHDM1A/FBXL11, KDM4A/JMJD2A, KDM5B JARID1B/PLU1, KDM7A/JHDM1D/PHF8, MED1/TRAP220/DRIP205 and NCoA2/SRC2/TIF2. We show that expression of miR137 is increased by androgen in LnCaP androgen PCa responsive cells and that the miR137 locus is epigenetically silenced in androgen LnCaP:C4-2 and PC3 independent PCa cells. In addition, we found that restoration of miR137 expression down-regulates expression of VEGFA, an AR target gene, which suggests a role of miR137 loss also in cancer angiogenesis. Finally we show functional inhibition of miR137 function enhanced androgen induction of PSA/KLK3 expression. Our data indicate that miR137 functions as an androgen regulated suppressor of androgen signaling by modulating expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators. Therefore, we propose that epigenetic silencing of miR137 is an important event in promoting androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeli M. Nilsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian B. Laursen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Whitchurch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McWilliam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David M. Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Therapy escape mechanisms in the malignant prostate. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:133-44. [PMID: 26299608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is the main target for prostate cancer therapy. Clinical approaches for AR inactivation include chemical castration, inhibition of androgen synthesis and AR antagonists (anti-androgens). However, treatment resistance occurs for which an important number of therapy escape mechanisms have been identified. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Moreover, the tumour escape mechanisms are arranged into the concepts of target modification, bypass signalling, histologic transformation, cancer stem cells and miscellaneous mechanisms. This may help researchers to compare and understand same or similar concepts of therapy resistance in prostate cancer and other cancer types.
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33
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Hsiao JJ, Ng BH, Smits MM, Martinez HD, Jasavala RJ, Hinkson IV, Fermin D, Eng JK, Nesvizhskii AI, Wright ME. Research Resource: Androgen Receptor Activity Is Regulated Through the Mobilization of Cell Surface Receptor Networks. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1195-218. [PMID: 26181434 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcriptional programs is a defining pathology of the development and progression of prostate cancers. Transcriptional cofactors that bind AR are critical determinants of prostate tumorigenesis. To gain a deeper understanding of the proteins linked to AR-dependent gene transcription, we performed a DNA-affinity chromatography-based proteomic screen designed to identify proteins involved in AR-mediated gene transcription in prostate tumor cells. Functional experiments validated the coregulator roles of known AR-binding proteins in AR-mediated transcription in prostate tumor cells. More importantly, novel coregulatory functions were detected in components of well-established cell surface receptor-dependent signal transduction pathways. Further experimentation demonstrated that components of the TNF, TGF-β, IL receptor, and epidermal growth factor signaling pathways modulated AR-dependent gene transcription and androgen-dependent proliferation in prostate tumor cells. Collectively, our proteomic dataset demonstrates that the cell surface receptor- and AR-dependent pathways are highly integrated, and provides a molecular framework for understanding how disparate signal-transduction pathways can influence AR-dependent transcriptional programs linked to the development and progression of human prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy J Hsiao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Brandon H Ng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Melinda M Smits
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Harryl D Martinez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Rohini J Jasavala
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Izumi V Hinkson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jimmy K Eng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Michael E Wright
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Maughan BL, Antonarakis ES. Androgen pathway resistance in prostate cancer and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1521-37. [PMID: 26067250 PMCID: PMC4696015 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1055249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic prostate cancer is an incurable disease that is treated with a variety of hormonal therapies targeting various nodes of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway. Invariably patients develop resistance and become castration resistant. Common treatments for castration-resistant disease include novel hormonal therapies, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals. As this disease generally remains incurable, understanding the molecular underpinnings of resistance pathways is critical in designing therapeutic strategies to delay or overcome such resistance. AREAS COVERED This review will explore the resistance mechanisms relevant to hormonal agents, such as AR-V7 expression and others, as well as discussing new approaches being developed to treat patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer that take advantage of these new insights. A literature search was performed to identify all published clinical trials related to androgen therapy mechanisms of drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. EXPERT OPINION Androgen therapy resistance mechanisms are varied, and include modification of all nodes in the androgen signaling pathway. The optimal treatment for men with relapsed metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is uncertain at this time. The authors recommend using available clinical data to guide treatment decision making until more specific biomarkers are clinically available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Maughan
- Medical Oncology Fellow, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1650 Orleans St. CRB1 186, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Assistant Professor of Oncology, Assistant Professor of Urology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel, Comprehensive, Cancer Center, 1650 Orleans St. CRB1 186, Baltimore, MD, USA, Tel: + 410 502 7528; Fax: + 410 614 8397
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de Brot S, Ntekim A, Cardenas R, James V, Allegrucci C, Heery DM, Bates DO, Ødum N, Persson JL, Mongan NP. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R107-23. [PMID: 25870249 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy affecting men in the western world. Although radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy can successfully treat PCa in the majority of patients, up to ~30% will experience local recurrence or metastatic disease. Prostate carcinogenesis and progression is typically an androgen-dependent process. For this reason, therapies for recurrent PCa target androgen biosynthesis and androgen receptor function. Such androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) are effective initially, but the duration of response is typically ≤24 months. Although ADT and taxane-based chemotherapy have delivered survival benefits, metastatic PCa remains incurable. Therefore, it is essential to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable localized PCas to invade and disseminate. It has long been accepted that metastases require angiogenesis. In the present review, we examine the essential role for angiogenesis in PCa metastases, and we focus in particular on the current understanding of the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in localized and metastatic PCa. We highlight recent advances in understanding the role of VEGF in regulating the interaction of cancer cells with tumor-associated immune cells during the metastatic process of PCa. We summarize the established mechanisms of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF in PCa cells and outline the molecular insights obtained from preclinical animal models of PCa. Finally, we summarize the current state of anti-angiogenesis therapies for PCa and consider how existing therapies impact VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Atara Ntekim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ryan Cardenas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Victoria James
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David M Heery
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David O Bates
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR), ligand-induced transcription factor, is expressed in primary prostate cancer and in metastases. AR regulates multiple cellular events, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Its expression in prostate cancer cells is regulated by steroid and peptide hormones. AR downregulation by various compounds which are contained in fruits and vegetables is considered a chemopreventive strategy for prostate cancer. There is a bidirectional interaction between the AR and micro-RNA (miRNA) in prostate cancer; androgens may upregulate or downregulate the selected miRNA, whereas the AR itself is a target of miRNA. AR mutations have been discovered in prostate cancer, and their incidence may increase with tumor progression. AR mutations and increased expression of selected coactivators contribute to the acquisition of agonistic properties of anti-androgens. Expression of some of the coactivators is enhanced during androgen ablation. AR activity is regulated by peptides such as cytokines or growth factors which reduce the concentration of androgen required for maximal stimulation of the receptor. In prostate cancer, variant ARs which exhibit constitutive activity were detected. Novel therapies which interfere with intracrine synthesis of androgens or inhibit nuclear translocation of the AR have been introduced in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
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Liao D. Identification and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of lysine acetyltransferases. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:539-48. [PMID: 25421679 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) acetylate various proteins including histones, transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, and other cellular substrates. Protein acetylation significantly impacts protein stability and function. Certain KATs such as p300 (KAT3B) are overexpressed in cancer cells and are linked to tumor progression and drug resistance. Thus, pharmacologic inhibition of KATs represents a new strategy for cancer therapy. Quantitative biochemical assays of KAT enzymatic activity have been developed and adapted for high-throughput screens of small-molecule compounds to discover specific KAT inhibitors. Such compounds are useful probes for understanding the cellular functions of these critical enzymes and importantly, they may be further developed as anticancer therapeutics. Here we describe a fluorescence-based KAT activity assay and cell-based validation of KAT inhibition by small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Room B1-014, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0235, USA,
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Liu L, Dong X. Complex impacts of PI3K/AKT inhibitors to androgen receptor gene expression in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108780. [PMID: 25360799 PMCID: PMC4215833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first-line treatment to metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, sustained expression and function of the androgen receptor (AR) gene contribute to the progression of castration resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). Additionally, tumors can adapt the PI3K/AKT survival pathway to escape ADT. Co-targeting AR and PI3K/AKT signaling has been proposed to be a more effective therapeutic means for CRPC patients. Many clinical trials are ongoing to test whether PI3K/AKT inhibitors are beneficial to PCa patients. However whether these inhibitors have any impacts on the expressions of full length AR (AR-FL) and its splice variant (AR-V7) remains unclear. Methods Four human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, LNCaP95, VCaP and 22Rv1) with different genetic backgrounds were treated with five PI3K/AKT inhibitors (LY294002, Wortmannin, BKM120, AKTi and AZD5363) and or AKT siRNA. AR and AR-V7 protein and mRNA levels were measured by immunoblotting and real-time PCR assays. AR gene transcription initiation, alternative RNA splicing and AR mRNA degradation rates were also determined. Results PI3K/AKT inhibitors had various impacts on AR protein expressions primarily through alterations of AR gene transcription initiation and RNA splicing. However, these effects remained unchanged in the presence RNA silencing of the AKT genes. Conclusion PI3K/AKT inhibitors have off-target effects on AR gene expression in prostate cancer cells, which shall be considered when applying these inhibitors to PCa patients, particularly patients under ADT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Assessing cellular efficacy of bromodomain inhibitors using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Epigenetics Chromatin 2014; 7:14. [PMID: 25097667 PMCID: PMC4115480 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetylation of lysine residues in histone tails plays an important role in the regulation of gene transcription. Bromdomains are the readers of acetylated histone marks, and, consequently, bromodomain-containing proteins have a variety of chromatin-related functions. Moreover, they are increasingly being recognised as important mediators of a wide range of diseases. The first potent and selective bromodomain inhibitors are beginning to be described, but the diverse or unknown functions of bromodomain-containing proteins present challenges to systematically demonstrating cellular efficacy and selectivity for these inhibitors. Here we assess the viability of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assays as a target agnostic method for the direct visualisation of an on-target effect of bromodomain inhibitors in living cells. Results Mutation of a conserved asparagine crucial for binding to acetylated lysines in the bromodomains of BRD3, BRD4 and TRIM24 all resulted in reduction of FRAP recovery times, indicating loss of or significantly reduced binding to acetylated chromatin, as did the addition of known inhibitors. Significant differences between wild type and bromodomain mutants for ATAD2, BAZ2A, BRD1, BRD7, GCN5L2, SMARCA2 and ZMYND11 required the addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) to amplify the binding contribution of the bromodomain. Under these conditions, known inhibitors decreased FRAP recovery times back to mutant control levels. Mutation of the bromodomain did not alter FRAP recovery times for full-length CREBBP, even in the presence of SAHA, indicating that other domains are primarily responsible for anchoring CREBBP to chromatin. However, FRAP assays with multimerised CREBBP bromodomains resulted in a good assay to assess the efficacy of bromodomain inhibitors to this target. The bromodomain and extraterminal protein inhibitor PFI-1 was inactive against other bromodomain targets, demonstrating the specificity of the method. Conclusions Viable FRAP assays were established for 11 representative bromodomain-containing proteins that broadly cover the bromodomain phylogenetic tree. Addition of SAHA can overcome weak binding to chromatin, and the use of tandem bromodomain constructs can eliminate masking effects of other chromatin binding domains. Together, these results demonstrate that FRAP assays offer a potentially pan-bromodomain method for generating cell-based assays, allowing the testing of compounds with respect to cell permeability, on-target efficacy and selectivity.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is expressed in primary and metastatic prostate cancers. There are advances in endocrine therapy for prostate cancer that are based on improved understanding of AR function. AREAS COVERED PubMed has been used to include most important publications on targeting the AR in prostate cancer. AR expression may be downregulated by agents used for chemoprevention of prostate cancer or, in models of advanced prostate cancer, by antisense oligonucleotides. New drugs that inhibit the steroidogenic enzyme CYP17A1 (abiraterone acetate) or diminish nuclear translocation of the AR (enzalutamide) have been shown to improve patients' survival in prostate cancer. However, it is clear that there is a development of resistance to these novel therapies. They may include increased expression of truncated, constitutively active AR or activation of the signaling pathway of signal transducers and activators of transcription. EXPERT OPINION Although introduction of novel drugs have improved patients' survival, there is a need to investigate the mechanisms of resistance further. The role of truncated AR and compensatory activation of signaling pathways as well as the development of scientifically justified combination therapies seems to be issues of a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Innsbruck Medical University, Experimental Urology, Department of Urology , Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria +43 512 504 24717 ; +43 512 504 24817 ;
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Prostate cancer epigenetic biomarkers: next-generation technologies. Oncogene 2014; 34:1609-18. [PMID: 24837368 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is caused by a combination of genetic alterations and gross changes to the epigenetic landscape that together result in aberrant cancer gene regulation. Therefore, we need to fully sequence both the cancer genome and the matching cancer epigenomes before we can fully integrate the suite of molecular mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of cancer. A further understanding of epigenetic aberrations has a great potential in the next era of molecular genomic pathology in cancer detection and treatment in all types of cancer, including prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the most common epigenetic aberrations identified in prostate cancer with the biomarker potential. We also describe the innovative and current epigenomic technologies used for the identification of epigenetic-associated changes in prostate cancer and future translational applications in molecular pathology for cancer detection and prognosis.
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Secci D, Carradori S, Bizzarri B, Bolasco A, Ballario P, Patramani Z, Fragapane P, Vernarecci S, Canzonetta C, Filetici P. Synthesis of a novel series of thiazole-based histone acetyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1680-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang SA, Hung CY, Chuang JY, Chang WC, Hsu TI, Hung JJ. Phosphorylation of p300 increases its protein degradation to enhance the lung cancer progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1135-49. [PMID: 24530506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
p300 is a transcription cofactor for a number of nuclear proteins. Most studies of p300 have focused on the regulation of its function, which primarily includes its role as a transcription co-factor for a number of nuclear proteins. In this study, we found that p300 was highly phosphorylated and its level was decreased during mitosis and tumorigenesis. In vitro and in vivo experiments aimed showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and ERK1/2 phosphorylated p300 on Ser1038 and Ser2039. Mutations of Ser1038 and Ser2039 increased p300 protein stability and levels. Inhibition of p300 degradation by blocking its phosphorylation decreased the proliferation and metastasis activity of lung cancer cells, indicating that p300 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer tumorigenesis. Investigation of the molecular mechanism showed that blocking p300 phosphorylation disrupted chromatin condensation and the increased the acetylation of histone H3. Analysis of cell cycle progression in HA-p300-S2A-expressing cells by flow cytometry showed that the p300 mutants arrested the cells at S-phase or delayed the mitotic entry and exit. The expression of several important oncogenes, MMP-9, vimentin, β-catenin, N-cadherin and c-myc, was negatively regulated by p300. In conclusion, during lung tumorigenesis, a phosphorylation-mediated decrease in p300 level enhanced oncogene expression during interphase and decreased histone H3 acetylation during mitosis, which promoted lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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44
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Zhong J, Ding L, Bohrer LR, Pan Y, Liu P, Zhang J, Sebo TJ, Karnes RJ, Tindall DJ, van Deursen J, Huang H. p300 acetyltransferase regulates androgen receptor degradation and PTEN-deficient prostate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1870-1880. [PMID: 24480624 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase p300 is implicated in the proliferation and progression of prostate cancer, but evidence of a causal role is lacking. In this study, we provide genetic evidence that this generic transcriptional coactivator functions as a positive modifier of prostate tumorigenesis. In a mouse model of PTEN deletion-induced prostate cancer, genetic ablation of p300 attenuated expression of the androgen receptor (AR). This finding was confirmed in human prostate cancer cells in which PTEN expression was abolished by RNA interference-mediated attenuation. These results were consistent with clinical evidence that the expression of p300 and AR correlates positively in human prostate cancer specimens. Mechanistically, PTEN inactivation increased AR phosphorylation at serine 81 (Ser81) to promote p300 binding and acetylation of AR, thereby precluding its polyubiquitination and degradation. In support of these findings, in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer in the mouse, we found that p300 was crucial for AR target gene expression. Taken together, our work identifies p300 as a molecular determinant of AR degradation and highlights p300 as a candidate target to manage prostate cancer, especially in cases marked by PTEN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liya Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura R Bohrer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas J Sebo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Donald J Tindall
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jan van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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45
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Culig Z, Santer FR. Molecular aspects of androgenic signaling and possible targets for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer. Steroids 2013; 78:851-9. [PMID: 23643785 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The androgen axis is of crucial importance in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for non-organ-confined prostate cancer. Recent studies revealed that tumor cells have the ability to synthesize androgenic hormones in an intracrine manner. This recognition opened the way for the development of a novel drug, abiraterone acetate, which shows benefits in clinical trials. A novel anti-androgen enzalutamide that inhibits androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation has also been developed and tested in the clinic. AR coactivators exert specific cellular regulatory functions, however it is difficult to improve the treatment because of a large number of coregulators overexpressed in prostate cancer. AR itself is a target of several miRNAs which may cause its increased degradation, inhibition of proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Truncated AR occur in prostate cancer as a consequence of alternative splicing. They exhibit ligand-independent transcriptional activity. Although there has been an improvement of endocrine therapy in prostate cancer, increased intracrine ligand synthesis and appearance of variant receptors may facilitate the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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46
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Shafi AA, Yen AE, Weigel NL. Androgen receptors in hormone-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:223-38. [PMID: 23859952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer in males and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men. The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ and PCa is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a hormone activated transcription factor. The primary treatment for metastatic PCa is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). For the most part, tumors respond to ADT, but most become resistant to therapy within two years. There is persuasive evidence that castration resistant (also termed castration recurrent) PCa (CRPC) remains AR dependent. Recent studies have shown that there are numerous factors that contribute to AR reactivation despite castrate serum levels of androgens. These include changes in AR expression and structure through gene amplification, mutation, and alternative splicing. Changes in steroid metabolism, cell signaling, and coregulator proteins are also important contributors to AR reactivation in CRPC. Most AR targeted therapies have been directed at the hormone binding domain. The finding that constitutively active AR splice variants that lack the hormone binding domain are frequently expressed in CRPC highlights the need to develop therapies that target other portions of AR. In this review, the role of AR in normal prostate, in PCa, and particularly the mechanisms for its reactivation subsequent to ADT are summarized. In addition, recent clinical trials and novel approaches to target AR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, M515, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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47
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Charge density distribution and the electrostatic moments of CTPB in the active site of p300 enzyme: a DFT and charge density study. J Theor Biol 2013; 335:119-29. [PMID: 23770402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A molecular docking and charge density analysis have been carried out to understand the conformational change, charge distribution and electrostatic properties of N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-6-pentadecyl-benzamide (CTPB) in the active site of p300. The nearest neighbors, shortest intermolecular contacts between CTPB-p300 and the lowest binding energy of CTPB have been analyzed from the docking analysis. Further, a charge density analysis has been carried out for the molecule in gas phase and for the corresponding molecule lifted from the active site of p300. Due to the intermolecular interaction between CTPB and the amino acids of active site, the conformation of the CTPB has been significantly altered (particularly the pentadecyl chain). CTPB forms strong interaction with the amino acid residues Tyr1397 and Trp1436 at the distance 2.12 and 2.72Å, respectively. However, the long pentadecyl alkyl chain of CTPB produces a barrier and reducing the chance of forming hydrogen bonding with p300. The electron density ρbcp(r) of the polar bonds (C-O, C-N, C-F and C-Cl) of CTPB are increased when it present in the active site. The dipole moment of CTPB in the active site is significantly less (5.73D) when compared with the gas phase (8.16D) form. In the gas phase structure, a large region of negative electrostatic potential (ESP) is found at the vicinity of O(2) and CF3 group, which is less around the O(1) atom. Whereas, in the active site, the negative ESP around the CF3 group is decreased and increased at the O(1) and O(2)-atoms. The ESP modifications of CTPB in the active site are mainly attributed to the effect of intermolecular interaction. The gas phase and active site study insights the molecular flexibility and the electrostatic properties of CTPB in the active site.
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48
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Rubenstein M, Hollowell CMP, Guinan P. Oligonucleotide suppression of bcl-2 in LNCaP cells is compensated by increased androgen sensitivity, p53 and oncogene activity, and suppressed caspase-3. Med Oncol 2013; 30:599. [PMID: 23677569 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) have been employed against prostate cancer models in both in vivo and in vitro systems. While most target growth factors or their receptors, other oligos are directed against inhibitors of apoptosis or mediators of androgen action. Those which suppress bcl-2 activity (in prostate cancer patients) have even reached clinical trials. We evaluated a set of oligos which targeted and comparably suppressed the expression of bcl-2, an apoptosis inhibitory protein. Our first study reported that LNCaP cells were adapted by suppression of caspase-3 (a promoter of apoptosis). In this study we evaluated additional proteins associated with tumor progression and found the expression of the androgen receptor, its p300 and IL-6 co-activators, as well as v-myc (oncogenic) and (unexpectedly) tumor suppressor p53 genes to be enhanced. We conclude that oligo treatment directed against bcl-2, intended to stimulate apoptosis, can be evaded through compensatory changes in gene activity associated with additional regulators of apoptosis, androgen sensitivity and oncogenesis. This suggests that therapeutic suppression of bcl-2 can promote tumor resistance and transformation to a more aggressive (androgen and oncogene driven) phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Rubenstein
- Division of Cellular Biology, Hektoen Institute for Medical Research, 2240 West Ogden Avenue, 2'nd floor, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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49
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Devipriya B, Kumaradhas P. Molecular flexibility and the electrostatic moments of curcumin and its derivatives in the active site of p300: a theoretical charge density study. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:153-65. [PMID: 23684744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A molecular docking analysis and quantum chemical calculation coupled with the charge density analysis have been carried out to understand the conformational change, charge density distribution and the electrostatic properties of HAT inhibitors curcumin and its derivatives (cinnamoyl compounds) in the active site of p300. The nearest neighbours, the shortest intermolecular contacts between the inhibitors and receptor p300; their binding energies were calculated from molecular docking analysis. A high level quantum chemical calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT-B3LYP) with the basis set 6-311G(∗∗) combined with the theory of atoms in molecules (AIM) for the inhibitors in gas phase and in the active site of p300. It is observed that, when the molecules present in the active site of p300, relatively, their geometrical, bond topological and the electrostatic properties are significantly altered. The comparative study on the geometrical and electrostatic properties of these three inhibitors in gas phase and amino acid environment gives an insight on the molecular flexibility and the exact modification of electrostatic interaction of the inhibitor in the active site of p300. These fine details at electronic level allow to understand the exact drug-receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Devipriya
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India
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50
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Takayama KI, Inoue S. Transcriptional network of androgen receptor in prostate cancer progression. Int J Urol 2013; 20:756-68. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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