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Mazzera L, Abeltino M, Lombardi G, Cantoni AM, Jottini S, Corradi A, Ricca M, Rossetti E, Armando F, Peli A, Ferrari A, Martinelli G, Scupoli MT, Visco C, Bonifacio M, Ripamonti A, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Bonati A, Perris R, Lunghi P. MEK1/2 regulate normal BCR and ABL1 tumor-suppressor functions to dictate ATO response in TKI-resistant Ph+ leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:1671-1685. [PMID: 37386079 PMCID: PMC10400427 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remains a clinical challenge in Ph-positive variants of chronic myeloid leukemia. We provide mechanistic insights into a previously undisclosed MEK1/2/BCR::ABL1/BCR/ABL1-driven signaling loop that may determine the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in TKI-resistant leukemic patients. We find that activated MEK1/2 assemble into a pentameric complex with BCR::ABL1, BCR and ABL1 to induce phosphorylation of BCR and BCR::ABL1 at Tyr360 and Tyr177, and ABL1, at Thr735 and Tyr412 residues thus provoking loss of BCR's tumor-suppression functions, enhanced oncogenic activity of BCR::ABL1, cytoplasmic retention of ABL1 and consequently drug resistance. Coherently, pharmacological blockade of MEK1/2 induces dissociation of the pentameric MEK1/2/BCR::ABL1/BCR/ABL1 complex and causes a concurrent BCRY360/Y177, BCR::ABL1Y360/Y177 and cytoplasmic ABL1Y412/T735 dephosphorylation thereby provoking the rescue of the BCR's anti-oncogenic activities, nuclear accumulation of ABL1 with tumor-suppressive functions and consequently, growth inhibition of the leukemic cells and an ATO sensitization via BCR-MYC and ABL1-p73 signaling axes activation. Additionally, the allosteric activation of nuclear ABL1 was consistently found to enhance the anti-leukemic effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor Mirdametinib, which when combined with ATO, significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing BCR::ABL1-T315I-induced leukemia. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MEK1/2-inhibitors/ATO combination for the treatment of TKI-resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mazzera
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela Abeltino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Guerino Lombardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Jottini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Micaela Ricca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Rossetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Healthcare Service (SSN-Servizio Sanitario Nazionale) ASL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department for Life Quality Studies Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, FC, Italy
- Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seragnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Hematology-University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Section of Hematology-University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Ripamonti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Adult Hematology, IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Adult Hematology, IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Bonati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Perris
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology-COMT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Lunghi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology-COMT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Huldani H, Rashid AI, Turaev KN, Opulencia MJC, Abdelbasset WK, Bokov DO, Mustafa YF, Al-Gazally ME, Hammid AT, Kadhim MM, Ahmadi SH. Concanavalin A as a promising lectin-based anti-cancer agent: the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:167. [PMID: 36289525 PMCID: PMC9597983 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA), the most studied plant lectin, has been known as a potent anti-neoplastic agent for a long time. Since initial reports on its capacity to kill cancer cells, much attention has been devoted to unveiling the lectin's exact molecular mechanism. It has been revealed that ConA can bind to several receptors on cancerous and normal cells and modulate the related signaling cascades. The most studied host receptor for ConA is MT1-MMP, responsible for most of the lectin's modulations, ranging from activating immune cells to killing tumor cells. In this study, in addition to studying the effect of ConA on signaling and immune cell function, we will focus on the most up-to-date advancements that unraveled the molecular mechanisms by which ConA can induce autophagy and apoptosis in various cancer cell types, where it has been found that P73 and JAK/STAT3 are the leading players. Moreover, we further discuss the main signaling molecules causing liver injury as the most significant side effect of the lectin injection. Altogether, these findings may shed light on the complex signaling pathways controlling the diverse responses created via ConA treatment, thereby modulating these complex networks to create more potent lectin-based cancer therapy. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- grid.443126.60000 0001 2193 0299Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Ahmed Ibraheem Rashid
- grid.427646.50000 0004 0417 7786Department of Pharmacology, Collage of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Khikmatulla Negmatovich Turaev
- grid.444694.f0000 0004 0403 0119Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan ,grid.513581.b0000 0004 6356 9173Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100047
| | | | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- grid.449553.a0000 0004 0441 5588Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation ,grid.466474.3Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky Pr, Moscow, 109240 Russian Federation
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- grid.411848.00000 0000 8794 8152Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq
| | | | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- grid.513683.a0000 0004 8495 7394Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mustafa M. Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001 Iraq ,grid.444971.b0000 0004 6023 831XCollege of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq ,Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Research Center for Cell and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
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Context-dependent activation of p53 target genes and induction of apoptosis by actinomycin D in aerodigestive tract cancers. Apoptosis 2022; 27:342-353. [PMID: 35267106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycin D (ActD) was the first anticancer antibiotic approved for the management of human cancers. However, the notorious toxicity profile limits its widespread application in cancers, including cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Recent studies show that combining low-dose ActD with existing chemotherapies could potentially protect normal cells from the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs through p53 activation (cyclotherapy). An understanding of ActD's effect on p53 signaling is critical for the meaningful application of ActD in cyclotherapy-based combinations. This study evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanism of action of ActD in aerodigestive tract cancers. We found that ActD strongly inhibited the growth of a panel of aerodigestive tract cancer cell lines and induced efficient apoptosis, although the sensitivity varies among cell lines. The IC50 values of ActD spanned between 0.021 and 2.96 nM. Mechanistic studies revealed that ActD increased the expression of total and phosphorylated p53 (ser15) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ActD-induced apoptosis is dependent on p53 in cells expressing wild-type p53 and that ActD induced context-dependent differential expression of downstream targets p21 and PUMA without significant effects on p27. In the final analysis, this study revealed that p53-p21 is the predominant pathway activated by low-dose ActD, supporting further development of ActD in cyclotherapy.
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Abstract
Lectins are widely distributed proteins having ability of binding selectively and reversibly with carbohydrates moieties and glycoconjugates. Although lectins have been reported from different biological sources, the legume lectins are the best-characterized family of plant lectins. Legume lectins are a large family of homologous proteins with considerable similarity in amino acid sequence and their tertiary structures. Despite having strong sequence conservation, these lectins show remarkable variability in carbohydrate specificity and quaternary structures. The ability of legume lectins in recognizing glycans and glycoconjugates on cells and other intracellular structures make them a valuable research tool in glycomic research. Due to variability in binding with glycans, glycoconjugates and multiple biological functions, legume lectins are the subject of intense research for their diverse application in different fields such as glycobiology, biomedical research and crop improvement. The present review specially focuses on structural and functional characteristics of legume lectins along with their potential areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Katoch
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176 062 India
| | - Ankur Tripathi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176 062 India
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Kar F, Kacar S, Hacioglu C, Kanbak G, Sahinturk V. Concanavalin A induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22742. [PMID: 33604990 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor. C6 rat glioblastoma cells provide the possibility to the scientist to study brain cancer. Concanavalin A (Con A) has a lot of antitumoral effects, especially over oxidative stress. In the present study, it was aimed to decide the impacts of various doses of Con A on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding cytotoxicity, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. We detected the cytotoxic activity of Con A (from 7.8 to 500 µg/ml) in C6 cells by utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and determined the toxic concentration of Con A. Once the optimal doses were found, the thiol-disulfide homeostasis, levels of total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS and TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), apoptotic proteins as cytochrome c (CYCS), and caspase 3 (CASP3) were measured. Apoptotic and morphological changes in the C6 cells were examined with an inverted microscope and flow cytometry technique. Dose-dependent Con A triggered oxidative damage in the C6 cells, affecting the inflammatory pathway, so reducing proliferation with apoptotic proteins and morphological changes. But especially, Con A increased disulfide formation by disrupting the thiol/disulfide balance in C6 cells. This study revealed that Con A, known as carbohydrate-binding protein, generated oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Khan JM, Malik A, Ahmed A, Alghamdi OHA, Ahmed M. SDS induces cross beta-sheet amyloid as well as alpha-helical structure in conconavalin A. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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A sandwich electrochemiluminescent assay for determination of concanavalin A with triple signal amplification based on MoS2NF@MWCNTs modified electrode and Zn-MOF encapsulated luminol. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:523. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Wang C, Teo CR, Sabapathy K. p53-Related Transcription Targets of TAp73 in Cancer Cells-Bona Fide or Distorted Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041346. [PMID: 32079264 PMCID: PMC7072922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of p73 as a structural homolog of p53 fueled early studies aimed at determining if it was capable of performing p53-like functions. This led to a conundrum as p73 was discovered to be hardly mutated in cancers, and yet, TAp73, the full-length form, was found capable of performing p53-like functions, including transactivation of many p53 target genes in cancer cell lines. Generation of mice lacking p73/TAp73 revealed a plethora of developmental defects, with very limited spontaneous tumors arising only at a later stage. Concurrently, novel TAp73 target genes involved in cellular growth promotion that are not regulated by p53 were identified, mooting the possibility that TAp73 may have diametrically opposite functions to p53 in tumorigenesis. We have therefore comprehensively evaluated the TAp73 target genes identified and validated in human cancer cell lines, to examine their contextual relevance. Data from focused studies aimed at appraising if p53 targets are also regulated by TAp73—often by TAp73 overexpression in cell lines with non-functional p53—were affirmative. However, genome-wide and phenotype-based studies led to the identification of TAp73-regulated genes involved in cellular survival and thus, tumor promotion. Our analyses therefore suggest that TAp73 may not necessarily be p53’s natural substitute in enforcing tumor suppression. It has likely evolved to perform unique functions in regulating developmental processes and promoting cellular growth through entirely different sets of target genes that are not common to, and cannot be substituted by p53. The p53-related targets initially reported to be regulated by TAp73 may therefore represent an experimental possibility rather than the reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Cui Rong Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Tang Q, Xia H, Liang W, Huo X, Wei X. Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Morus nigra and its anticancer activity of AGS gastric cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 202:111698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Bhutia SK, Panda PK, Sinha N, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Mahapatra KK, Saha S, Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Patil S, Maiti TK. Plant lectins in cancer therapeutics: Targeting apoptosis and autophagy-dependent cell death. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:8-18. [PMID: 30951812 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins are non-immunoglobin in nature and bind to the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoconjugates without altering any of the recognized glycosyl ligands. Plant lectins have found applications as cancer biomarkers for recognizing the malignant tumor cells for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Interestingly, plant lectins contribute to inducing cell death through autophagy and apoptosis, indicating their potential implication in cancer inhibitory mechanism. In the present review, anticancer activities of major plant lectins have been documented, with a detailed focus on the signaling circuit for the possible molecular targeted cancer therapy. In this context, several lectins have exhibited preclinical and clinical significance, driving toward therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Moreover, several plant lectins induce immunomodulatory activities, and therefore, novel strategies have been established from preclinical and clinical investigations for the development of combinatorial treatment consisting of immunotherapy along with other anticancer therapies. Although the application of plant lectins in cancer is still in very preliminary stage, advanced high-throughput technology could pave the way for the development of lectin-based complimentary medicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
| | - Prashanta K Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Debasna P Panigrahi
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Sarbari Saha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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Pharmacological Properties of Morus nigra L. (Black Mulberry) as A Promising Nutraceutical Resource. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020437. [PMID: 30791521 PMCID: PMC6412198 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry plants belonging to the Moraceae family have been grown for the purpose of being the nutrient source for silk worm and raw materials for the preparation of jams, marmalades, vinegars, juices, wines, and cosmetics. Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) is native to Southwestern Asia, and it has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for animals and humans. In this article, recent research progress on various biological and pharmacological properties of extracts, fractions, and isolated active constituents from different parts of M. nigra are reviewed. M. nigra exhibited a wide-spectrum of biological and pharmacological therapeutic effects including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. M. nigra also showed protective effects against various human organs and systems, mainly based on its antioxidant capacity. These findings strongly suggest that M. nigra can be used as a promising nutraceutical resource to control and prevent various chronic diseases.
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12
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Zuo F, Zhang C, Zhang H, Tan X, Chen S, Yuan R. A solid-state electrochemiluminescence biosensor for Con A detection based on CeO2@Ag nanoparticles modified graphene quantum dots as signal probe. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Khan JM, Khan MR, Sen P, Malik A, Irfan M, Khan RH. An intermittent amyloid phase found in gemini (G5 and G6) surfactant induced β-sheet to α-helix transition in concanavalin A protein. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Ribeiro AC, Ferreira R, Freitas R. Plant Lectins: Bioactivities and Bioapplications. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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15
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CYP2J2 Overexpression Increases EETs and Protects Against HFD-Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:491-502. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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The NAD(+) salvage pathway modulates cancer cell viability via p73. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:669-80. [PMID: 26586573 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) salvage pathway in cancer cell survival is poorly understood. Here we show that the NAD(+) salvage pathway modulates cancer cell survival through the rarely mutated tumour suppressor p73. Our data show that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD(+) salvage pathway, enhances autophagy and decreases survival of cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. Such NAMPT inhibition stabilizes p73 independently of p53 through increased acetylation and decreased ubiquitination, resulting in enhanced autophagy and cell death. These effects of NAMPT inhibition can be effectively reversed using nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the enzymatic product of NAMPT. Similarly, knockdown of p73 also decreases NAMPT inhibition-induced autophagy and cell death, whereas overexpression of p73 alone enhances these effects. We show that the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) harbour significantly higher levels of NAMPT and lower levels of p73 than does the normal cell line (MCF-10A), and that NAMPT inhibition is cytotoxic exclusively to the cancer cells. Furthermore, data from 176 breast cancer patients demonstrate that higher levels of NAMPT and lower levels of p73 correlate with poorer patient survival, and that high-grade tumours have significantly higher NAMPT/p73 mRNA ratios. Therefore, the inverse relationship between NAMPT and p73 demonstrable in vitro is also reflected from the clinical data. Taken together, our studies reveal a new NAMPT-p73 nexus that likely has important implications for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Hernández-Ledesma B, Hsieh CC. Chemopreventive role of food-derived proteins and peptides: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2358-2376. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1057632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies (Nutritional Science and Education), National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu L, Liu T, Xiao Y, Li X, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Bao J, Wu C. Polygonatum odoratum lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy by regulation of microRNA-1290 and microRNA-15a-3p in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 85:217-26. [PMID: 26562549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum odoratum lectin (POL), a mannose-binding specific Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectin has been reported with remarkable anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects against several tumor cells. Our previous research revealed that POL can induce apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells. However, whether microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in POL-induced apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether miRNAs were involved in POL-induced apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells. In the present study, we performed microarray analysis on A549 cells to identify altered miRNAs after POL treatment. We found that miR-1290 was down-regulated after POL treatment and down-regulated miR-1290 amplifies POL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Moreover, we revealed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) was a direct target of miR-1290 and POL treatment could result in Wnt pathway down regulation. We also found that miR-15a-3p was up-regulated after POL treatment and over-expression of miR-15a-3p resulted in A549 cells apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, we confirmed that a miR-15a-3p mediated ROS-p53 pathway was involved in POL-induced apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence that POL induces A549 cells apoptosis and autophagy by regulation of miR-1290 and miR-15a-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jinku Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Kubota M, Shimizu M, Baba A, Ohno T, Kochi T, Shirakami Y, Moriwaki H. Combination of bevacizumab and acyclic retinoid inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 60:357-62. [PMID: 25744425 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor and the development of effective treatments for this malignancy, including combination chemotherapy, is required. This study examined the possible combined inhibitory effects of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, and acyclic retinoid (ACR), which can prevent the development of HCC, on the growth of Huh7 human HCC cells. Xenograft tumors were produced by subcutaneously injecting Huh7 cells into nude mice. Starting 1 wk after the tumor cell injection, the mice were treated with bevacizumab alone (5 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous injection, twice a week), ACR alone (given in a diet containing 0.03%), or their combination for 6 wk, and the effects of these regimens on xenograft growth were examined. Combined treatment with bevacizumab plus ACR significantly suppressed the growth of Huh7 xenografts. The combination of these agents significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of the Akt protein in tumor tissues. With combination therapy, the population of Ki-67-positive cells in xenografts decreased, while that of TUNEL-positive cells increased. The combination of bevacizumab and ACR exerts growth-suppressing effects on HCC cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. This combination might be an effective regimen for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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Mdm2 overexpression and p73 loss exacerbate genomic instability and dampen apoptosis, resulting in B-cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2015; 35:358-65. [PMID: 25915849 PMCID: PMC4624041 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many human tumors express high levels of the p53 inhibitor Mdm2, resulting from amplification of the Mdm2 locus or aberrant post-translational regulation of the Mdm2 protein. While the importance of Mdm2 in regulating p53 is clear, Mdm2 also has p53-independent roles. For example, overexpression of Mdm2 results in genomic instability in a p53-independent manner. In addition, Mdm2 has many additional binding partners; some such as the tumor suppressor p73 have also been implicated in genomic instability. In this study, cells and tumors with Mdm2 overexpression and p73 loss exhibit increased genomic instability as compared to either alteration alone and cooperate in development of B-cell lymphomagenesis. Cytogenetic analyses of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and pre-malignant B-cells demonstrate that loss of p73 exacerbates the chromosome breaks and fusions observed in Mdm2Tg cells. B-cell lymphomas from Mdm2Tg;p73+/− mice retain the remaining p73 allele, and exhibit elevated levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and thus dampen apoptosis. In summary, Mdm2 overexpression and p73 loss cooperate in genomic instability and tumor development, indicating that the oncogenic functions of Mdm2 are a combined effect of inhibiting p53 and p73 functions. Given that p73 is lost or silenced in human B-cell lymphomas [1–4], the Mdm2Tg;p73+/− mouse serves as a model for human disease and may provide additional insight into the pathways that contribute to B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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21
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Curcumin induces apoptosis of upper aerodigestive tract cancer cells by targeting multiple pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124218. [PMID: 25910231 PMCID: PMC4409383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural compound isolated from the Indian spice "Haldi" or "curry powder", has been used for centuries as a traditional remedy for many ailments. Recently, the potential use of curcumin in cancer prevention and therapy urges studies to uncover the molecular mechanisms associated with its anti-tumor effects. In the current manuscript, we investigated the mechanism of curcumin-induced apoptosis in upper aerodigestive tract cancer cell lines and showed that curcumin-induced apoptosis is mediated by the modulation of multiple pathways such as induction of p73, and inhibition of p-AKT and Bcl-2. Treatment of cells with curcumin induced both p53 and the related protein p73 in head and neck and lung cancer cell lines. Inactivation of p73 by dominant negative p73 significantly protected cells from curcumin-induced apoptosis, whereas ablation of p53 by shRNA had no effect. Curcumin treatment also strongly inhibited p-AKT and Bcl-2 and overexpression of constitutively active AKT or Bcl-2 significantly inhibited curcumin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that curcumin-induced apoptosis is mediated via activating tumor suppressor p73 and inhibiting p-AKT and Bcl-2.
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Yau T, Dan X, Ng CCW, Ng TB. Lectins with potential for anti-cancer therapy. Molecules 2015; 20:3791-810. [PMID: 25730388 PMCID: PMC6272365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews lectins of animal and plant origin that induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells and hence possess the potential of being developed into anticancer drugs. Apoptosis-inducing lectins encompass galectins, C-type lectins, annexins, Haliotis discus discus lectin, Polygonatum odoratum lectin, mistletoe lectin, and concanavalin A, fucose-binding Dicentrarchus labrax lectin, and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus lectin, Polygonatum odoratum lectin, and mistletoe lectin, Polygonatum odoratum lectin, autophagy inducing lectins include annexins and Polygonatum odoratum lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Yau
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Charlene Cheuk Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Jiang QL, Zhang S, Tian M, Zhang SY, Xie T, Chen DY, Chen YJ, He J, Liu J, Ouyang L, Jiang X. Plant lectins, from ancient sugar-binding proteins to emerging anti-cancer drugs in apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:17-28. [PMID: 25488051 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously distributed in different plant species, plant lectins are highly diverse carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin. They have interesting pharmacological activities and currently are of great interest to thousands of people working on biomedical research in cancer-related problems. It has been widely accepted that plant lectins affect both apoptosis and autophagy by modulating representative signalling pathways involved in Bcl-2 family, caspase family, p53, PI3K/Akt, ERK, BNIP3, Ras-Raf and ATG families, in cancer. Plant lectins may have a role as potential new anti-tumour agents in cancer drug discovery. Thus, here we summarize these findings on pathway- involved plant lectins, to provide a comprehensive perspective for further elucidating their potential role as novel anti-cancer drugs, with respect to both apoptosis and autophagy in cancer pathogenesis, and future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Dermatology, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; School of Pharmacy and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China; Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
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Ouyang L, Chen Y, Wang XY, Lu RF, Zhang SY, Tian M, Xie T, Liu B, He G. Polygonatum odoratum lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy via targeting EGFR-mediated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1658-1665. [PMID: 25442274 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum odoratum lectin (POL), a mannose-binding GNA-related lectin, has been reported to display remarkable anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities toward a variety of cancer cells; however, the precise molecular mechanisms by which POL induces cancer cell death are still elusive. In the current study, we found that POL could induce both apoptosis and autophagy in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Subsequently, we found that POL induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, we also found that POL induces MCF-7 cell apoptosis via EGFR-mediated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, suggesting that POL may be a potential EGFR inhibitor. Finally, we used proteomics analyses for exploring more possible POL-induced pathways with EGFR, Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK, some of which were consistent with our in silico network prediction. Taken together, these results demonstrate that POL induces MCF-7 cell apoptosis and autophagy via targeting EGFR-mediated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, which would provide a new clue for exploiting POL as a potential anti-neoplastic drug for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-yan Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui-feng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shou-yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Shi Z, Chen J, Li CY, An N, Wang ZJ, Yang SL, Huang KF, Bao JK. Antitumor effects of concanavalin A and Sophora flavescens lectin in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:248-56. [PMID: 24362332 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Proteins with legume lectin domains are known to possess a wide range of biological functions. Here, the antitumor effects of two representative legume lectins, concanavalin A (ConA) and Sophora flavescens lectin (SFL), on human breast carcinoma cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells and human normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells were examined. Cell viability was detected using WST-1 and CCK-8 assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed with Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell cycle was investigated using flow cytometry. The expression of relevant proteins was measured using Western blotting. Breast carcinoma MCF-7 bearing nude mice were used to study the antitumor effects in vivo. The mice were injected with ConA (40 mg/kg, ip) and SFL (55 mg/kg, ip) daily for 14 d. RESULTS ConA and SFL inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners (IC50 values were 15 and 20 μg/mL, respectively). Both ConA and SFL induced apoptotic morphology in MCF-7 cells without affecting MCF-10A cells. ConA and SFL dose-dependently increased the sub-G1 proportion in MCF-7 cells, while SFL also triggered the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Both ConA and SFL dose-dependently increased the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytoplasm, up-regulated Bax and Bid, and down-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in MCF-7 cells. ConA reduced NF-κB, ERK, and JNK levels, and increased p53 and p21 levels, while SFL caused similar changes in NF-κB, ERK, p53, and p21 levels, but did not affect JNK expression. Administration of ConA and SFL significantly decreased the subcutaneous tumor mass volume and weight in MCF-7 bearing nude mice. CONCLUSION ConA and SFL exert anti-tumor actions against human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Yan S, Zhang L, Tang Y, Lv Y. Synthesis of water-soluble Ag2Se QDs as a novel resonance Rayleigh scattering sensor for highly sensitive and selective ConA detection. Analyst 2014; 139:4210-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration for fabricating TGA and glycine modified Ag2Se QDs for RRS detection of ConA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, China
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Salvianolic acid A preconditioning confers protection against concanavalin A-induced liver injury through SIRT1-mediated repression of p66shc in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Liu Z, Luo Y, Zhou TT, Zhang WZ. Could plant lectins become promising anti-tumour drugs for causing autophagic cell death? Cell Prolif 2013; 46:509-15. [PMID: 24033443 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins, a group of highly diverse carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin, are ubiquitously distributed through a variety of plant species, and have recently drawn rising attention due to their remarkable ability to kill tumour cells using mechanisms implicated in autophagy. In this review, we provide a brief outline of structures of some representative plant lectins such as concanavalin A, Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin and mistletoe lectins. These can target autophagy by modulating BNIP-3, ROS-p38-p53, Ras-Raf and PI3KCI-Akt pathways, as well as Beclin-1, in many types of cancer cells. In addition, we further discuss how plant lectins are able to kill cancer cells by modulating autophagic death, for therapeutic purposes. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive perspective concerning plant lectins as promising new anti-tumour drugs, with respect to autophagic cell death in future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 1000853, China
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29
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Chen C, Yang RL. A phthalide derivative isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis photiniae induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HeLa cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:643-9. [PMID: 23903687 PMCID: PMC3854414 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MP [4-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-5-methyl-6-methoxyphthalide] was obtained from liquid
culture of Pestalotiopsis photiniae isolated from the Chinese
Podocarpaceae plant Podocarpus macrophyllus. MP significantly
inhibited the proliferation of HeLa tumor cell lines. After treatment with MP,
characteristic apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin
condensation were observed in DAPI-stained HeLa cells. Flow cytometry showed that MP
induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western
blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to
investigate protein and mRNA expression. MP caused significant cell cycle arrest by
upregulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 protein and
p21CIP1 mRNA levels in HeLa cells. The expression of p73 protein was
increased after treatment with various MP concentrations. mRNA expression of the cell
cycle-related genes, p21CIP1, p16INK4a and Gadd45α, was significantly upregulated and mRNA levels
demonstrated significantly increased translation of p73,
JunB, FKHR, and Bim. The
results indicate that MP may be a potential treatment for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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CHEN CHUAN, HU SHUYUAN, LUO DUQIANG, ZHU SIYU, ZHOU CHUANQI. Potential antitumor agent from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis photiniae induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1773-81. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Vetri V, Leone M, Morozova-Roche LA, Vestergaard B, Foderà V. Unlocked concanavalin A forms amyloid-like fibrils from coagulation of long-lived "crinkled" intermediates. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68912. [PMID: 23874809 PMCID: PMC3712988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the early events during amyloid aggregation processes is crucial to single out the involved molecular mechanisms and for designing ad hoc strategies to prevent and reverse amyloidogenic disorders. Here, we show that, in conditions in which the protein is positively charged and its conformational flexibility is enhanced, Concanavalin A leads to fibril formation via a non-conventional aggregation pathway. Using a combination of light scattering, circular dichroism, small angle X-ray scattering, intrinsic (Tryptophan) and extrinsic (ANS) fluorescence and confocal and 2-photon fluorescence microscopy we characterize the aggregation process as a function of the temperature. We highlight a multi-step pathway with the formation of an on-pathway long-lived intermediate and a subsequent coagulation of such “crinkled” precursors into amyloid-like fibrils. The process results in a temperature-dependent aggregation-coagulation pathway, with the late phase of coagulation determined by the interplay between hydrophobic and electrostatic forces. Our data provide evidence for the complex aggregation pathway for a protein with a highly flexible native conformation. We demonstrate the possibility to generate a long-lived intermediate whose proportion and occurrence are easily tunable by experimental parameters (i.e. temperature). As a consequence, in the case of aggregation processes developing through well-defined energy barriers, our results can open the way to new strategies to induce more stable in vitro on-pathway intermediate species through a minute change in the initial conformational flexibility of the protein. This will allow isolating and experimentally studying such transient species, often indicated as relevant in neurodegenerative diseases, both in terms of structural and cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vetri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail: (VV); (VF)
| | - Maurizio Leone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sector of Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (VV); (VF)
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Purified mulberry leaf lectin (MLL) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer and colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Recruitment of the tumour suppressor protein p73 by Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus latent nuclear antigen contributes to the survival of primary effusion lymphoma cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:3676-85. [PMID: 22964633 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) and two rare lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and the plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen-1 (LANA), required for the replication and maintenance of latent viral episomal DNA, is involved in the transcriptional regulation of viral and cellular genes and interacts with different cellular proteins, including the tumour suppressor p53. Here, we report that LANA also recruits the p53-related nuclear transcription factor p73, which influences cellular processes like DNA damage response, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Both the full-length isoform TAp73α, as well as its dominant negative regulator ΔNp73α, interact with LANA. LANA affects TAp73α stability and sub-nuclear localisation, as well as TAp73α-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes. We observed that the small-molecule inhibitor Nutlin-3, which disrupts the interaction of p53 and p73 with MDM2, induces apoptotic cell death in p53 wild-type, as well as p53-mutant PEL cell lines, suggesting a possible involvement of p73. The small-molecule RETRA, which activates p73 in the context of mutant p53, leads to the induction of apoptosis in p53-mutant PEL cell lines. RNAi-mediated knockdown of p73 confirmed that these effects depend on the presence of the p73 protein. Furthermore, both Nutlin-3 and RETRA disrupt the LANA-p73 interaction in different PEL cell lines. These results suggest that LANA modulates p73 function and that the LANA-p73 interaction may represent a therapeutic target to interfere with the survival of latently KSHV-infected cells.
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Shao J, Li Y, Shen K, Lin B, Xu Y, Lu Y, Yin P, Li Q, Liu J, Qian X. 7b, a novel amonafide analog, inhibited proliferation and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/phytohemagglutinin-induced inflammatory responses of Jurkat T cells via p73-dependent pathway and decrease of nuclear factor-κB DNA-binding, respectively. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:359-71. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.708750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Lee H, Haque S, Nieto J, Trott J, Inman JK, McCormick S, Chiorazzi N, Mongini PKA. A p53 axis regulates B cell receptor-triggered, innate immune system-driven B cell clonal expansion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:6093-108. [PMID: 22611237 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resting mature human B cells undergo a dynamic process of clonal expansion, followed by clonal contraction, during an in vitro response to surrogate C3d-coated Ag and innate immune system cytokines, IL-4 and BAFF. In this study, we explore the mechanism for clonal contraction through following the time- and division-influenced expression of several pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins within CFSE-labeled cultures. Several findings, involving both human and mouse B cells, show that a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway involving p53 contributes to the high activation-induced cell death (AICD) susceptibility of replicating blasts. Activated B cell clones exhibit elevated p53 protein and elevated mRNA/protein of proapoptotic molecules known to be under direct p53 transcriptional control, Bax, Bad, Puma, Bid, and procaspase 6, accompanied by reduced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Under these conditions, Bim levels were not increased. The finding that full-length Bid protein significantly declines in AICD-susceptible replicating blasts, whereas Bid mRNA does not, suggests that Bid is actively cleaved to short-lived, proapoptotic truncated Bid. AICD was diminished, albeit not eliminated, by p53 small interfering RNA transfection, genetic deletion of p53, or Bcl-2 overexpression. DNA damage is a likely trigger for p53-dependent AICD because susceptible lymphoblasts expressed significantly elevated levels of both phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated-Ser(1980) and phospho-H2AX-Ser(139). Deficiency in activation-induced cytosine deaminase diminishes but does not ablate murine B cell AICD, indicating that activation-induced cytosine deaminase-induced DNA damage is only in part responsible. Evidence for p53-influenced AICD during this route of T cell-independent clonal expansion raises the possibility that progeny bearing p53 mutations might undergo positive selection in peripherally inflamed tissues with elevated levels of IL-4 and BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Lee
- Laboratory of B Cell Biology, Karches Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate induces TAp73-dependent apoptosis by modulating multiple Bcl-2 proteins: potential for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2012; 32:920-9. [PMID: 22430213 PMCID: PMC3382011 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
p53 is essential for the cellular responses to DNA damage that help to maintain genomic stability. However, the great majority of human cancers undergo disruption of the p53-network. Identification and characterization of molecular components important in both p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis might be useful in developing novel therapies for cancers. In the complete absence of p53, cells treated with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) continue to synthesize DNA slowly and eventually progress through S phase, suffering severe DNA damage that in turn triggers apoptosis, whereas cells with functional p53 undergo growth arrest. In the present study, we investigated apoptotic signaling in response to PALA and the role of p53 expression in this pathway. We found that treatment of cells lacking p53 with PALA induced TAp73, Noxa, and Bim and inactivation of these proteins with dominant negative plasmids or siRNAs significantly inhibited apoptosis, suggesting that PALA-induced apoptosis was mediated via TAp73-dependent expression of Noxa and Bim. However, PALA treatment inhibited the expression of ΔNp73 only in cells lacking p53 but not in cells expressing p53. In addition, PALA treatment inhibited Bcl-2, and overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly inhibited PALA-induced apoptosis. Moreover, expression of p53 in these cells protected them from PALA-induced apoptosis by activating p21, sustaining the expression of ΔNp73 and inhibiting the induction of Noxa and Bim. Taken together, our study identifies novel but opposing roles for the p53 and TAp73 in the induction of Noxa and Bim and regulation of apoptosis. Our data will help to develop strategies to eliminate cancer cells lacking p53 while protecting normal cells with wild-type p53.
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Li WW, Yu JY, Xu HL, Bao JK. Concanavalin A: a potential anti-neoplastic agent targeting apoptosis, autophagy and anti-angiogenesis for cancer therapeutics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:282-6. [PMID: 21951850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA), a Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent and mannose/glucose-binding legume lectin, has drawn a rising attention for its remarkable anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities to a variety of cancer cells. ConA induces programmed cell death via mitochondria-mediated, P73-Foxo1a-Bim apoptosis and BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Through IKK-NF-κB-COX-2, SHP-2-MEK-1-ERK, and SHP-2-Ras-ERK anti-angiogenic pathways, ConA would inhibit cancer cell survival. In addition, ConA stimulates cell immunity and generates an immune memory, resisting to the same genotypic tumor. These biological findings shed light on new perspectives of ConA as a potential anti-neoplastic agent targeting apoptosis, autophagy and anti-angiogenesis in pre-clinical or clinical trials for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-wen Li
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Plant lectins: targeting programmed cell death pathways as antitumor agents. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1442-9. [PMID: 21798364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectins, a group of highly diverse, carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin that are ubiquitously distributed in plants, animals and fungi, are well-characterized to have numerous links a wide range of pathological processes, most notably cancer. In this review, we present a brief outline of the representative plant lectins including Ricin-B family, proteins with legume lectin domains and GNA family that can induce cancer cell death via targeting programmed cell death pathways. Amongst these above-mentioned lectins, we demonstrate that mistletoe lectins (MLs), Ricin, Concanavalin A (ConA) and Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin (PCL) can lead to cancer cell programmed death via targeting apoptotic pathways. In addition, we show that ConA and PCL can also result in cancer cell programmed death by targeting autophagic pathways. Moreover, we summarize the possible anti-cancer therapeutic implications of plant lectins such as ConA, Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (PHA) and MLs that have been utilized at different stages of preclinical and clinical trials. Together, these findings can provide a comprehensive perspective for further elucidating the roles of plant lectins that may target programmed cell death pathways in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. And, this research may, in turn, ultimately help cancer biologists and clinicians to exploit lectins as potential novel antitumor drugs in the future.
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Chen Q, Wei W, Lin JM. Homogeneous detection of concanavalin A using pyrene-conjugated maltose assembled graphene based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4497-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vetri V, Ossato G, Militello V, Digman MA, Leone M, Gratton E. Fluctuation methods to study protein aggregation in live cells: concanavalin A oligomers formation. Biophys J 2011; 100:774-783. [PMID: 21281593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefibrillar oligomers of proteins are suspected to be the primary pathogenic agents in several neurodegenerative diseases. A key approach for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms is to probe the existence of oligomers directly in living cells. In this work, we were able to monitor the process of aggregation of Concanavalin A in live cells. We used number and brightness analysis, two-color cross number and brightness analysis, and Raster image correlation spectroscopy to obtain the number of molecules, aggregation state, and diffusion coefficient as a function of time and cell location. We observed that binding of Concanavalin A to the membrane and the formation of small aggregates paralleled cell morphology changes, indicating progressive cell compaction and death. Upon protein aggregation, we observed increased membrane water penetration as reported by Laurdan generalized polarization imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vetri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Ossato
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - V Militello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M A Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - M Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, California.
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α-TEA cooperates with chemotherapeutic agents to induce apoptosis of p53 mutant, triple-negative human breast cancer cells via activating p73. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R1. [PMID: 21214929 PMCID: PMC3109563 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Successful treatment of p53 mutant, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) remains a daunting challenge. Doxorubicin (DOXO) and cisplatin (CDDP) are standard-of-care treatments for TNBC, but eventually fail due to acquired drug resistance and toxicity. New treatments for overcoming drug resistance and toxicity in p53 mutant, TNBC are therefore badly needed. Unlike p53, p73 - a member of the p53 family - is usually not mutated in cancers and has been shown to regulate p53-mediated apoptotic signaling in p53-deficient cancers. Therefore, identification of anticancer agents that can activate p73 in p53-deficient cancers may provide a chemotherapeutic approach for treatment of p53 mutant cancers. Here we report on the reconstitution of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in a p53-independent manner via p73 with combination treatments of α-TEA, a small bioactive lipid, plus DOXO or CDDP. Methods p53 mutant, TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231, BT-20 and MDA-MB-468 were used to evaluate the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and α-TEA using annexin V (FITC)/PI staining, western blot analyses, RT-PCR and siRNA knockdown techniques. Results Combination treatments of α-TEA plus DOXO or CDDP act cooperatively to induce apoptosis, caspase-8 and caspase-9 cleavage, p73, phospho-c-Ab1 and phospho-JNK protein expression, and increase expression of p53 downstream mediators; namely, death receptor-5, CD95/APO-1 (Fas), Bax and Noxa, as well as Yap nuclear translocation - plus reduce expression of Bcl-2. Knockdown of p73, c-Abl, JNK or Yap using siRNAs shows that p73 plays a critical role in combination treatment-enhanced apoptosis and the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic mediators, and that c-Abl, JNK and Yap are upstream mediators of p73 in combination treatment responses. Conclusions Data show that α-TEA in combination with DOXO or CDDP synergistically enhances apoptosis in TNBC via targeting p53-mediated genes in a p73-dependent manner, and that p73 responses are downstream of c-Abl, JNK and Yap.
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Liu B, Wu JM, Li J, Liu JJ, Li WW, Li CY, Xu HL, Bao JK. Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis and autophagy via blocking Ras–Raf and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways. Biochimie 2010; 92:1934-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wolter J, Angelini P, Irwin M. p53 family: Therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. Future Oncol 2010; 6:429-44. [PMID: 20222799 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates for metastatic neuroblastoma remain poor, despite significant increase in the intensity of therapy. Although it represents approximately 7% of pediatric cancer, neuroblastoma accounts for approximately 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Thus, novel approaches to enhance neuroblastoma chemotherapy sensitivity and prevent or bypass chemoresistance are required. Disruption of the p53 pathway is a common mechanism leading to defects in apoptosis in cancer cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the p53 pathway may be inactivated in neuroblastoma. Inactivation of the p53 pathway occurs most commonly at the time of relapse, and probably contributes to chemoresistance. The p53 family proteins, p73 and p63, can also induce apoptosis, and early studies suggest that p73 may be important in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and response to treatment. This article focuses on current therapies and novel drugs targeting p53 and p73 signaling pathways in neuroblastoma. Understanding the balance between the p53 family proteins in neuroblastoma and how their expression and activity are regulated will hopefully lead to the discovery of agents that target these pathways to induce neuroblastoma cell death, alone or in combination with chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wolter
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, ON, Canada
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Thakur VS, Ruhul Amin ARM, Paul RK, Gupta K, Hastak K, Agarwal MK, Jackson MW, Wald DN, Mukhtar H, Agarwal ML. p53-Dependent p21-mediated growth arrest pre-empts and protects HCT116 cells from PUMA-mediated apoptosis induced by EGCG. Cancer Lett 2010; 296:225-32. [PMID: 20444544 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a key role in regulation of negative cellular growth in response to EGCG. To further explore the role of p53 signaling and elucidate the molecular mechanism, we employed colon cancer HCT116 cell line and its derivatives in which a specific transcriptional target of p53 is knocked down by homologous recombination. Cells expressing p53 and p21 accumulate in G1 upon treatment with EGCG. In contrast, same cells lacking p21 traverse through the cell cycle and eventually undergo apoptosis as revealed by TUNEL staining. Treatment with EGCG leads to induction of p53, p21 and PUMA in p21 wild-type, and p53 and PUMA in p21(-/-) cells. Ablation of p53 by RNAi protects p21(-/-) cells, thus indicating a p53-dependent apoptosis by EGCG. Furthermore, analysis of cells lacking PUMA or Bax with or without p21 but with p53 reveals that all the cells expressing p53 and p21 survived after EGCG treatment. More interestingly, cells lacking both PUMA and p21 survived ECGC treatment whereas those lacking p21 and Bax did not. Taken together, our results present a novel concept wherein p21-dependent growth arrest pre-empts and protects cells from otherwise, in its absence, apoptosis which is mediated by activation of pro-apoptotic protein PUMA. Furthermore, we find that p53-dependent activation of PUMA in response to EGCG directly leads to apoptosis with out requiring Bax as is the case in response to agents that induce DNA damage. p21, thus can be used as a molecular switch for therapeutic intervention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Thakur
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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45
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Rana S, Gupta K, Gomez J, Matsuyama S, Chakrabarti A, Agarwal ML, Agarwal A, Agarwal MK, Wald DN. Securinine induces p73-dependent apoptosis preferentially in p53-deficient colon cancer cells. FASEB J 2010; 24:2126-34. [PMID: 20133503 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-148999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The identification of agents that preferentially kill cancer cells while protecting normal cells offers the potential to overcome toxicities found in many existing chemotherapeutic agents. Because p53 is frequently inactivated in cancer, agents that preferentially kill p53-null cells and protect wild-type p53-expressing cells are highly desirable chemotherapeutic agents. By using pairs of isogenic colon cancer cell lines that differ only in p53 expression (RKO and HCT116), securinine was found to exhibit these properties. Securinine (30 microM) induces apoptosis in 73% of p53-null HCT116 cells (LD(50) 17.5 microM) as opposed to 17.6% of HCT116 parental cells (LD(50) 50 microM) at 72 h after treatment. The mechanism of securinine-mediated death in p53-deficient cells involves the induction of the p53 family member, p73. Interestingly, the proapoptotic protein p73 is down-regulated in colon cancer cells expressing p53. This differential regulation of p73 in a p53-dependent fashion reveals a novel pathway for preferentially targeting cancer cells. In contrast to p53-deficient cells, cells expressing p53 are protected from cell death through the p53-mediated up-regulation of p21. These studies reveal a novel approach to specifically target colon cancer cells lacking p53 as well as identify a novel clinically relevant pathway to selectively induce p73 in p53-null cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rana
- Invenio Therapeutics, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Amin ARMR, Thakur VS, Gupta K, Jackson MW, Harada H, Agarwal MK, Shin DM, Wald DN, Agarwal ML. Restoration of p53 functions protects cells from concanavalin A-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:471-9. [PMID: 20124456 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A great majority of human cancers encounter disruption of the p53 network. Identification and characterization of molecular components important in both p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis might be useful in developing novel therapies. Previously, we reported that concanavalin A (Con A) induced p73-dependent apoptosis of cells lacking functional p53. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism and role of p53 in protection from apoptosis induced by Con A. Treatment with Con A resulted in apoptosis of p53-null ovarian cancer, SKOV3, or Li-Fraumeni syndrome, MDAH041 (041), cells. However, their isogenic pairs, SKP53 and TR9-7, expressing wild-type p53 were much less sensitive and were protected by G(1) arrest. Inhibition of p53 function rendered these cells sensitive to Con A. Con A-induced apoptosis was accompanied by upregulation of forkhead box O1a (FOXO1a) and Bcl-2-interacting mediator (Bim), which were strongly inhibited after p53 expression and rescued after p53 ablation. Moreover, ablation of Bim by short hairpin RNA protected cells from apoptosis. Taken together, our study suggests that Con A induces apoptosis of cells lacking p53 by activating FOXO1a-Bim signaling and that expression of p53 protects these cells by inducing G(1) arrest and by downregulating the expression of both FOXO1a and Bim, identifying a novel cross-talk between FOXO1a and p53 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M Ruhul Amin
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Concanavalin A aggregation and toxicity on cell cultures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:173-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Forodesine has high antitumor activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and activates p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis by induction of p73 and BIM. Blood 2009; 114:1563-75. [PMID: 19541822 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-207654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease derived from the monoclonal expansion of CD5(+) B lymphocytes. High expression levels of ZAP-70 or CD38 and deletions of 17p13 (TP53) and 11q22-q23 (ATM) are associated with poorer overall survival and shorter time to disease progression. DNA damage and p53 play a pivotal role in apoptosis induction in response to conventional chemotherapy, because deletions of ATM or p53 identify CLL patients with resistance to treatment. Forodesine is a transition-state inhibitor of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase with antileukemic activity. We show that forodesine is highly cytotoxic as single agent or in combination with bendamustine and rituximab in primary leukemic cells from CLL patients regardless of CD38/ZAP-70 expression and p53 or ATM deletion. Forodesine activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by decreasing the levels of antiapoptotic MCL-1 protein and induction of proapoptotic BIM protein. Forodesine induces transcriptional up-regulation of p73, a p53-related protein able to overcome the resistance to apoptosis of CLL cells lacking functional p53. Remarkably, no differences in these apoptotic markers were observed based on p53 or ATM status. In conclusion, forodesine induces apoptosis of CLL cells bypassing the DNA-damage/ATM/p53 pathway and might represent a novel chemotherapeutic approach that deserves clinical investigation.
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Benoist H, Culerrier R, Poiroux G, Ségui B, Jauneau A, Van Damme EJM, Peumans WJ, Barre A, Rougé P. Two structurally identical mannose-specific jacalin-related lectins display different effects on human T lymphocyte activation and cell death. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:103-14. [PMID: 19401384 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0708434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins displaying similar single sugar-binding specificity and identical molecular structure might present various biological effects. To explore this possibility, the effects on human lymphocytes of two mannose-specific and structurally closely related lectins, Morniga M from Morus nigra and artocarpin from Artocarpus integrifolia were investigated. In silico analysis revealed that Morniga M presents a more largely open carbohydrate-binding cavity than artocarpin, probably allowing interactions with a broader spectrum of carbohydrate moieties. In vitro, Morniga M interacted strongly with the lymphocyte surface and was uptaken quickly by cells. Morniga M and artocarpin triggered the proliferation and activation of human T and NK lymphocytes. A minority of B lymphocytes was activated in artocarpin-treated culture, whereas Morniga M favored the emergence of CD4+ CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, cell death occurred in activated PBMC, activated T lymphocytes, and Jurkat T leukemia cells incubated with Morniga M only. The biological effects of both lectins were dependent on carbohydrate recognition. The Morniga M-induced cell death resulted, at least in part, from caspase-dependent apoptosis and FADD-dependent receptor-mediated cell death. Finally, Morniga M, but not artocarpin, triggered AICD of T lymphocytes. In conclusion, both lectins trigger lymphocyte activation, but only Morniga M induces cell death. In spite of similar in vitro mannose-binding specificities and virtually identical structure, only Morniga M probably interacts with carbohydrate moieties bound to molecules able to induce cell death. The present data suggest that subtle alterations in N-glycans can distinguish activation and cell death molecules at the lymphocyte surface.
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50
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Lau LMS, Wolter JK, Lau JTML, Cheng LS, Smith KM, Hansford LM, Zhang L, Baruchel S, Robinson F, Irwin MS. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors differentially modulate p73 isoforms in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2009; 28:2024-33. [PMID: 19363520 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
p73 encodes multiple functionally distinct isoforms. Proapoptotic TAp73 isoforms contain a transactivation (TA) domain, and like p53, have tumor suppressor properties and are activated by chemotherapies to induce cell death. In contrast, antiapoptotic DeltaNp73 isoforms lack the TA domain and are dominant-negative inhibitors of p53 and TAp73. DeltaNp73 proteins are overexpressed in a variety of tumors including neuroblastoma. Thus, identification of drugs that upregulate TAp73 and/or downregulate DeltaNp73 represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors induce apoptosis independent of p53, and differentially modulate endogenous p73 isoforms in neuroblastoma and other tumors. COX inhibitor-mediated apoptosis is associated with the induction of TAp73beta and its target genes. COX inhibitors also downregulate the alternative-spliced DeltaNp73(AS) isoforms, Deltaexon2 and Deltaexon2/3. Furthermore, forced expression of DeltaNp73(AS) results in diminished apoptosis in response to the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Celecoxib-mediated downregulation of DeltaNp73(AS) is associated with decreased E2F1 levels and diminished E2F1 activation of the p73 promoter. These results provide the first evidence that COX inhibitors differentially modulate p73 isoforms leading to enhanced apoptosis, and support the potential use of COX inhibitors as novel regulators of p73 to enhance chemosensitivity in tumors with deregulated E2F1 and in those with wild-type (wt) or mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Lau
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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