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Peterson LL, Ligibel JA. Dietary and serum advanced glycation end-products and clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:188995. [PMID: 37806640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
One in five women with breast cancer will relapse despite ideal treatment. Body weight and physical activity are strongly associated with recurrence risk, thus lifestyle modification is an attractive strategy to improve prognosis. Trials of dietary modification in breast cancer are promising but the role of specific diets is unclear, as is whether high-quality diet without weight loss can impact prognosis. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are compounds produced in the body during sugar metabolism. Exogenous AGEs, such as those found in food, combined with endogenous AGEs, make up the total body AGE load. AGEs deposit in tissues over time impacting cell signaling pathways and altering protein functions. AGEs can be measured or estimated in the diet and measured in blood through their metabolites. Studies demonstrate an association between AGEs and breast cancer risk and prognosis. Here, we review the clinical data on dietary and serum AGEs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Peterson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Siteman Cancer Center, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8056, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer A Ligibel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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2
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Prentice RL, Vasan S, Tinker LF, Neuhouser ML, Navarro SL, Raftery D, Gowda GN, Pettinger M, Aragaki AK, Lampe JW, Huang Y, Van Horn L, Manson JE, Wallace R, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Wactawski-Wende J, Liu S, Snetselaar L, Howard BV, Chlebowski RT, Zheng C. Metabolomics-Based Biomarker for Dietary Fat and Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2023; 153:2651-2662. [PMID: 37245660 PMCID: PMC10517226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, controlled Dietary Modification (DM) trial of a low-fat dietary pattern suggested intervention benefits related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), and diabetes. Here, we use WHI observational data for further insight into the chronic disease implications of adopting this type of low-fat dietary pattern. OBJECTIVES We aimed to use our earlier work on metabolomics-based biomarkers of carbohydrate and protein to develop a fat intake biomarker by subtraction, to use the resulting biomarker to develop calibration equations that adjusts self-reported fat intake for measurement error, and to study associations of biomarker-calibrated fat intake with chronic disease risk in WHI cohorts. Corresponding studies for specific fatty acids will follow separately. METHODS Prospective disease association results are presented using WHI cohorts of postmenopausal women, aged 50-79 y when enrolled at 40 United States clinical centers. Biomarker equations were developed using an embedded human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations were developed using a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were associated with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes incidence in WHI cohorts (n = 81,954) over an approximate 20-y follow-up period. RESULTS A biomarker for fat density was developed by subtracting protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol densities from one. A calibration equation was developed for fat density. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 20% higher fat density were 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) for breast cancer, 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) for CHD, and 1.19 (1.13, 1.26) for diabetes, in substantial agreement with findings from the DM trial. With control for additional dietary variables, especially fiber, fat density was no longer associated with CHD, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.00 (0.88, 1.13), whereas that for breast cancer was 1.11 (1.00, 1.24). CONCLUSIONS WHI observational data support prior DM trial findings of low-fat dietary pattern benefits in this population of postmenopausal United States women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Sowmya Vasan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sandi L Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ga Nagana Gowda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Wallace
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Barbara V Howard
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, and MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, United States
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Mahmood R, Voisin A, Olof H, Khorasaniha R, Lawal SA, Armstrong HK. Host Microbiomes Influence the Effects of Diet on Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:521. [PMID: 36672469 PMCID: PMC9857231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and there is a growing appreciation for the complex involvement of diet, microbiomes, and inflammatory processes culminating in tumorigenesis. Although research has significantly improved our understanding of the various factors involved in different cancers, the underlying mechanisms through which these factors influence tumor cells and their microenvironment remain to be completely understood. In particular, interactions between the different microbiomes, specific dietary factors, and host cells mediate both local and systemic immune responses, thereby influencing inflammation and tumorigenesis. Developing an improved understanding of how different microbiomes, beyond just the colonic microbiome, can interact with dietary factors to influence inflammatory processes and tumorigenesis will support our ability to better understand the potential for microbe-altering and dietary interventions for these patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Mahmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Athalia Voisin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Hana Olof
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Reihane Khorasaniha
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A. Lawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Heather K. Armstrong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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4
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Yang C, Lee D, Zhang MS, Tse AP, Wei L, Bao MH, Wong BP, Chan CY, Yuen VW, Chen Y, Wong CC. Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Library Screening Revealed Dietary Restriction of Glutamine in Combination with Inhibition of Pyruvate Metabolism as Effective Liver Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202104. [PMID: 36310121 PMCID: PMC9731711 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal cancer worldwide. Glutamine is an essential, extracellular nutrient which supports HCC growth. Dietary glutamine deficiency may be a potential therapeutic approach for HCC. HCC cells overcome metabolic challenges by rewiring their metabolic pathways for rapid adaptations. The efficiency of dietary glutamine deficiency as HCC treatment is examined and the adaptation machinery under glutamine depletion in HCC cells is unraveled. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening, this study identifies that pyruvate dehydrogenase α (PDHA), pyruvate dehydrogenase β (PDHB), and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) in pyruvate metabolism are crucial to the adaptation of glutamine depletion in HCC cells. Knockout of either PDHA, PDHB or PC induced metabolic reprogramming of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to the suppression of HCC cell proliferation under glutamine depletion. Surprisingly, dietary glutamine restriction improves therapeutic responses of HCC to PDH or PC inhibitor in mouse HCC models. Stable isotope carbon tracing confirms that PDH or PC inhibitors further disrupt the metabolic rewiring of the TCA cycle induced by dietary glutamine depletion in HCC. In summary, the results demonstrate that pyruvate metabolism acts as novel targetable metabolic vulnerabilities for HCC treatment in combination with a glutamine-deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Yang
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Misty Shuo Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Aki Pui‐Wah Tse
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
| | - Macus Hao‐Ran Bao
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Bowie Po‐Yee Wong
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Cerise Yuen‐Ki Chan
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Vincent Wai‐Hin Yuen
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
| | - Carmen Chak‐Lui Wong
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongP. R. China
- Centre for Oncology and ImmunologyHong Kong Science ParkHong KongP. R. China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120P. R. China
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Peng L, Xiang L, Xu Z, Gu H, Zhu Z, Tang Y, Jiang Y, He H, Wang Y, Zhao X. Association between low-fat diet and liver cancer risk in 98,455 participants: Results from a prospective study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013643. [PMID: 36466389 PMCID: PMC9716652 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-fat diet reduces the risk of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which exhibit overlapping mechanisms with liver cancer. However, the association between low-fat diet and liver cancer risk remains unclear. AIM To investigate whether adherence to low-fat diet is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer in a prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of participants in this study were collected from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A low-fat diet score was calculated to reflect adherence to low-fat dietary pattern, with higher scores indicating greater adherence. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for liver cancer incidence with adjustment for potential covariates. Restricted cubic spline model was used to characterize liver cancer risk across the full range of the low-fat diet score. Prespecified subgroup analyses were used to identify potential impact modifiers. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of this association. RESULTS A total of 98,455 participants were included in the present analysis. The mean (standard deviation) age, low-fat diet score, and follow-up time were 65.52 (5.73) years, 14.99 (6.27) points, and 8.86 (1.90) years, respectively. During 872639.5 person-years of follow-up, 91 liver cancers occurred, with an overall incidence rate of 0.01 cases per 100 person-years. In the fully adjusted Cox model, the highest versus the lowest quartile of low-fat diet score was found to be associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.218, 0.964; P = 0.035 for trend), which remained associated through a series of sensitivity analyses. The restricted cubic spline model showed a linear dose-response association between low-fat diet score and liver cancer incidence (p = 0.482 for non-linear). Subgroup analyses did not show significant interaction between low-fat diet score and potential impact modifiers in the incidence of liver cancer. CONCLUSION In this study, low-fat diet score is associated with reduced liver cancer risk in the US population, indicating that adherence to low-fat diet may be helpful for liver cancer prevention. Future studies should validate our findings in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Martin-Perez M, Urdiroz-Urricelqui U, Bigas C, Benitah SA. The role of lipids in cancer progression and metastasis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1675-1699. [PMID: 36261043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have essential biological functions in the body (e.g., providing energy storage, acting as a signaling molecule, and being a structural component of membranes); however, an excess of lipids can promote tumorigenesis, colonization, and metastatic capacity of tumor cells. To metastasize, a tumor cell goes through different stages that require lipid-related metabolic and structural adaptations. These adaptations include altering the lipid membrane composition for invading other niches and overcoming cell death mechanisms and promoting lipid catabolism and anabolism for energy and oxidative stress protective purposes. Cancer cells also harness lipid metabolism to modulate the activity of stromal and immune cells to their advantage and to resist therapy and promote relapse. All this is especially worrying given the high fat intake in Western diets. Thus, metabolic interventions aiming to reduce lipid availability to cancer cells or to exacerbate their metabolic vulnerabilities provide promising therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer progression and treat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Uxue Urdiroz-Urricelqui
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Willett WC, Ludwig DS. Dietary trials on chronic disease: learning from the past to avoid repeating it. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2119-2120. [PMID: 36017655 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Willett
- From the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - David S Ludwig
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Newell M, Ghosh S, Goruk S, Pakseresht M, Vena JE, Dummer TJB, Field CJ. A Prospective Analysis of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in 2 Provinces in Canada. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab022. [PMID: 33889794 PMCID: PMC8049855 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that fatty acid status influences breast cancer etiology, yet the roles of individual fatty acids in breast cancer risk are unclear, specifically when central adiposity and menopausal status are considered. OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations of fatty acid status with breast cancer risk including location, menopausal status, and waist-to-hip ratio as key variables. METHODS Prediagnostic plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured in women with breast cancer (n = 393) and age-matched controls (n = 786) from a nested case-control prospective study within Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) and British Columbia Generations Project (BCGP) cohorts. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of fatty acids and breast cancer risk with subgroup analysis for menopausal status and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS Women from BCGP had a higher n-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acid status compared with the ATP (6.4% ± 0.08% vs. 5.3% ± 0.06%; P < 0.001), so subsequent analysis was blocked by cohort. Overall, fatty acids had inconsistent associations with risk. In the ATP among premenopausal women, total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.58, 5.43; P-trend = 0.007, P-interaction = 0.07) were positively associated with breast cancer risk, whereas in BCGP, DHA (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.53; P-trend = 0.03, P-interaction = 0.05) and total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.54; P-trend = 0.03) were associated with decreased cancer risk when the waist-to-hip ratio was <0.85. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that regional variations in fatty acid status influence breast cancer risk, resulting in positive associations of total long-chain n-3 fatty acids in premenopausal ATP women and negative associations of these fatty acids in BCGP women with a waist-to-hip ratio below guidelines. This study highlights the complexity and difficulty in using fatty acid status to predict breast cancer risk in diverse populations without the consideration of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammedreza Pakseresht
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CancerCare Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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9
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Chlebowski RT, Aragaki AK, Anderson GL, Pan K, Neuhouser ML, Manson JE, Thomson CA, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Lane DS, Johnson KC, Wactawski-Wende J, Snetselaar L, Rohan TE, Luo J, Barac A, Prentice RL. Dietary Modification and Breast Cancer Mortality: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:1419-1428. [PMID: 32031879 PMCID: PMC7193750 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies of dietary fat intake and breast cancer have reported inconsistent findings. This topic was addressed in additional analyses of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification (DM) clinical trial that evaluated a low-fat dietary pattern influence on breast cancer incidence. METHODS In the WHI DM trial, 48,835 postmenopausal women, ages 50-79 years, with no prior breast cancer, and a dietary fat intake of ≥ 32% of energy were randomly assigned at 40 US centers to a usual diet comparison group (60%) or dietary intervention group (40%). The goals were to reduce fat intake to 20% of energy and increase vegetable, fruit, and grain intake. Breast cancers were confirmed after central medical record review and serial National Death Index linkages to enhance mortality findings. RESULTS During 8.5 years of dietary intervention, breast cancer incidence and deaths as a result of breast cancer were nonsignificantly lower in the intervention group, while deaths after breast cancer were statistically significantly lower both during intervention and through a 16.1-year (median) follow-up. Now, after a long-term, cumulative 19.6-year (median) follow-up, the significant reduction in deaths after breast cancer persists (359 [0.12%] v 652 [0.14%] deaths; hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.96; P = .01), and a statistically significant reduction in deaths as a result of breast cancer (breast cancer followed by death attributed to the breast cancer) emerged (132 [0.037%, annualized risk] v 251 [0.047%] deaths, respectively; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97; P = .02). CONCLUSION Adoption of a low-fat dietary pattern associated with increased vegetable, fruit, and grain intake, demonstrably achievable by many, may reduce the risk of death as a result of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan T. Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Aaron K. Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Garnet L. Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathy Pan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Dorothy S. Lane
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Karen C. Johnson
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Ana Barac
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Ross L. Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - on behalf of the Women’s Health Initiative
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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10
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Key TJ, Bradbury KE, Perez-Cornago A, Sinha R, Tsilidis KK, Tsugane S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: what do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ 2020; 368:m511. [PMID: 32139373 PMCID: PMC7190379 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Peterson LL, Park S, Park Y, Colditz GA, Anbardar N, Turner DP. Dietary advanced glycation end products and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer 2020; 126:2648-2657. [PMID: 32097496 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are reactive metabolites produced as a by-product of sugar metabolism and are consumed through the diet in high-fat and highly processed foods. They are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, and evidence suggests that they play a role in carcinogenesis. The authors evaluated the association of dietary AGE intake and the risk of postmenopausal invasive breast cancer. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 183,548 postmenopausal women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. The main outcome was incident invasive breast cancer. AGE intake was estimated from food-frequency questionnaires. Incident breast cancer cases were identified through state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for developing breast cancer according to AGE intake quintiles. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for breast cancer risk factors. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 12.8 years, and 9851 breast cancers (1978 advanced stage) were identified. The median AGE daily intake was 5932 kilo units per 100 kilocalories (KU/1000 kcal). Women with higher intake tended to have lower education levels, higher body mass index, less physical activity, were current smokers, and had higher fat and meat intake. The highest quintile of AGE intake (compared with the lowest) was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = .03) after adjusting for breast cancer risk factors and particularly was associated with 37% of advanced-stage tumors (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.74; P < .02) after adjusting for risk factors and fat and meat intake. CONCLUSIONS Dietary AGEs may play a role in the development of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Peterson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Seho Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Narges Anbardar
- Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David P Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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12
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Donovan MG, Wren SN, Cenker M, Selmin OI, Romagnolo DF. Dietary fat and obesity as modulators of breast cancer risk: Focus on DNA methylation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1331-1350. [PMID: 31691272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Validated biomarkers enhance efforts for early detection and treatment, which reduce the risk of mortality. Epigenetic signatures have been suggested as good biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and targeted therapy of BC. Here, we highlight studies documenting the modifying effects of dietary fatty acids and obesity on BC biomarkers associated with DNA methylation. We focus our analysis on changes elicited in writers of DNA methylation (i.e., DNA methyltransferases), global DNA methylation and gene-specific DNA methylation. To provide context, we precede this discussion with a review of the available evidence for an association between BC incidence and both dietary fat consumption and obesity. We also include a review of well-vetted BC biomarkers related to cytosine-guanine dinucleotides methylation and how they influence BC risk, prognosis, tumour characteristics and response to treatment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Spencer N Wren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mikia Cenker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
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13
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Shetty PJ, Sreedharan J. Breast Cancer and Dietary Fat Intake: A correlational study. Nepal J Epidemiol 2019; 9:812-816. [PMID: 31970016 PMCID: PMC6964800 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v9i4.26961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is reported to be the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide. There is a sharp increase in the BC incidence rate over the past three decades as previously low risk countries are moving towards high -calorie western diets. Few epidemiologic studies along with animal experiments have ascertained the role of dietary fat in developing BC. This study aimed to determine the correlation between per capita dietary fat consumption and incidence of BC. Methods: Three major data bases were used to conduct this correlational study. The data regarding consumption of fat and breast cancer incidence from 88 countries across five continents were extracted. The correlation coefficients between the incidence of BC and the fat consumption from the year 1990 to 2007 were calculated. Results: A statistically significant (P<0.001) correlation between the average fat consumption and the crude BC incidence rate was observed and was more than 0.6, clearly indicating that there is a moderate to strong correlation with fat consumption and incidence of breast cancer (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our observation indicated that increased total fat consumption increases the risk of developing BC. Consumption of dietary fat increases obesity thereby, increasing the risk of BC development. Dietary fat gets stored in the body since they undergo minimum oxidation as compared to carbohydrates and protein thereby, contributing to obesity a known risk factors for BC. Current study strengthens the evidence to support the hypothesis that non-genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha J Shetty
- Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jayadevan Sreedharan
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Tossas-Milligan K, Shalabi S, Jones V, Keely PJ, Conklin MW, Elicerie KW, Winn R, Sistrunk C, Geradts J, Miranda-Carboni G, Dietze EC, Yee LD, Seewaldt VL. Mammographic density: intersection of advocacy, science, and clinical practice. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2019; 11:100-110. [PMID: 33312342 PMCID: PMC7728377 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-019-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Here we aim to review the association between mammographic density, collagen structure and breast cancer risk. Findings While mammographic density is a strong predictor of breast cancer risk in populations, studies by Boyd show that mammographic density does not predict breast cancer risk in individuals. Mammographic density is affected by age, parity, menopausal status, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI).New studies normalize mammographic density to BMI may provide a more accurate way to compare mammographic density in women of diverse race and ethnicity. Preclinical and tissue-based studies have investigated the role collagen composition and structure in predicting breast cancer risk. There is emerging evidence that collagen structure may activate signaling pathways associated with aggressive breast cancer biology. Summary Measurement of film mammographic density does not adequately capture the complex signaling that occurs in women with at-risk collagen. New ways to measure at-risk collagen potentially can provide a more accurate view of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sundus Shalabi
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
- Al Quds University, Jerusalem, West Bank
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Winn
- University of Illinois, Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa D. Yee
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
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15
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Abstract
For decades, dietary advice was based on the premise that high intakes of fat cause obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and possibly cancer. Recently, evidence for the adverse metabolic effects of processed carbohydrate has led to a resurgence in interest in lower-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets with high fat content. However, some argue that the relative quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate has little relevance to health and that focus should instead be placed on which particular fat or carbohydrate sources are consumed. This review, by nutrition scientists with widely varying perspectives, summarizes existing evidence to identify areas of broad consensus amid ongoing controversy regarding macronutrients and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, Ke Y, Cheng J, Xie Y, Chu W, Cheung P, Kim JH, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM, Su X. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 30696460 PMCID: PMC6352362 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns were associated with breast cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We assessed the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through September 2017. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of Western and prudent dietary patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS We identified 32 eligible articles including 14 cohort and 18 case-control studies (34 Western and 35 prudent studies). The pooled analyses found that a Western dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), whereas a prudent dietary pattern was associated with an 18% reduced risk of breast cancer (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). In addition, sub-group analyses showed that the positive association between a Western dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was significant among postmenopausal (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35), but not premenopausal women (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99, 1.40), and significant for hormone receptor-positive tumors (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33), but not receptor-negative tumors (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83, 1.12). In contrast, the inverse association between a prudent dietary pattern and breast cancer was significant in premenopausal (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61, 0.98), but not postmenopausal women (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74, 1.03), and significant for both hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current meta-analysis suggest a possible increased risk of breast cancer associated with a Western dietary pattern and a reduced risk with a prudent dietary pattern. Large-scale cohort studies with a high quality need to be conducted to further confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis. As dietary patterns are modifiable, these findings may provide viable strategies for breast cancer prevention through changes in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Li
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chu
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Polly Cheung
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Hee Kim
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xuefen Su
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Forouhi NG, Krauss RM, Taubes G, Willett W. Dietary fat and cardiometabolic health: evidence, controversies, and consensus for guidance. BMJ 2018; 361:k2139. [PMID: 29898882 PMCID: PMC6053258 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Gary Taubes
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
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18
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Smith LA, O'Flanagan CH, Bowers LW, Allott EH, Hursting SD. Translating Mechanism-Based Strategies to Break the Obesity-Cancer Link: A Narrative Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:652-667. [PMID: 29102513 PMCID: PMC5869082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for many cancers, has increased dramatically over the past 50 years in the United States and across the globe. Relative to normoweight cancer patients, obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses, resistance to chemotherapies, and are more likely to develop distant metastases. Recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection suggests that obesity exerts pleomorphic effects on pathways related to tumor development and progression and, thus, there are multiple opportunities for primary prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers. Obesity-associated alterations, including systemic metabolism, adipose inflammation, growth factor signaling, and angiogenesis, are emerging as primary drivers of obesity-associated cancer development and progression. These obesity-associated host factors interact with the intrinsic molecular characteristics of cancer cells, facilitating several of the hallmarks of cancer. Each is considered in the context of potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related cancers. In addition, this review focuses on emerging mechanisms behind the obesity-cancer link, as well as relevant dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, low-fat diet, and ketogenic diet, that are being implemented in preclinical and clinical trials, with the ultimate goal of reducing incidence and progression of obesity-related cancers.
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19
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20
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Schlesinger S, Chan DSM, Vingeliene S, Vieira AR, Abar L, Polemiti E, Stevens CAT, Greenwood DC, Aune D, Norat T. Carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:420-441. [PMID: 28969357 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The investigation of dose-response associations between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of breast cancer stratified by menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and body mass index (BMI) remains inconclusive. Objective A systematic review and dose-response meta-analyses was conducted to investigate these associations. Data Sources As part of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project, PubMed was searched up to May 2015 for relevant studies on these associations. Study Selection Prospective studies reporting associations between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, or glycemic load and breast cancer risk were included. Data Extraction Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies. Results Random-effects models were used to summarize relative risks (RRs) and 95%CIs. Heterogeneity between subgroups, including menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and BMI was explored using meta-regression. Nineteen publications were included. The summary RRs (95%CIs) for breast cancer were 1.04 (1.00-1.07) per 10 units/d for glycemic index, 1.01 (0.98-1.04) per 50 units/d for glycemic load, and 1.00 (0.96-1.05) per 50 g/d for carbohydrate intake. For glycemic index, the association appeared slightly stronger among postmenopausal women (summary RR per 10 units/d, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.02-1.10) than among premenopausal women, though the difference was not statistically significant (Pheterogeneity = 0.15). Glycemic load and carbohydrate intake were positively associated with breast cancer among postmenopausal women with estrogen-negative tumors (summary RR for glycemic load, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.08-1.52; and summary RR for carbohydrates, 1.13; 95%CI, 1.02-1.25). No differences in BMI were detected. Conclusions Menopausal and hormone receptor status, but not BMI, might be potential influencing factors for the associations between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlesinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Junior Research Group Systematic Reviews, Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doris S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Snieguole Vingeliene
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana R Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elli Polemiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe A T Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Mahabir S, Willett WC, Friedenreich CM, Lai GY, Boushey CJ, Matthews CE, Sinha R, Colditz GA, Rothwell JA, Reedy J, Patel AV, Leitzmann MF, Fraser GE, Ross S, Hursting SD, Abnet CC, Kushi LH, Taylor PR, Prentice RL. Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:233-244. [PMID: 29254934 PMCID: PMC7992195 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Very large international and ethnic differences in cancer rates exist, are minimally explained by genetic factors, and show the huge potential for cancer prevention. A substantial portion of the differences in cancer rates can be explained by modifiable factors, and many important relationships have been documented between diet, physical activity, and obesity, and incidence of important cancers. Other related factors, such as the microbiome and the metabolome, are emerging as important intermediary components in cancer prevention. It is possible with the incorporation of newer technologies and studies including long follow-up and evaluation of effects across the life cycle, additional convincing results will be produced. However, several challenges exist for cancer researchers; for example, measurement of diet and physical activity, and lack of standardization of samples for microbiome collection, and validation of metabolomic studies. The United States National Cancer Institute convened the Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention Workshop on June 28-29, 2016, in Rockville, Maryland, during which the experts addressed the state of the science and areas of emphasis. This current paper reflects the state of the science and priorities for future research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 233-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdat Mahabir
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP), Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriel Y Lai
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP), Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jill Reedy
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, EGRP, DCCPS, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Cancer Prevention Study-3, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sharon Ross
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Nutrition Research Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Zhu Y, Aupperlee MD, Zhao Y, Tan YS, Kirk EL, Sun X, Troester MA, Schwartz RC, Haslam SZ. Pubertal and adult windows of susceptibility to a high animal fat diet in Trp53-null mammary tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83409-83423. [PMID: 27825136 PMCID: PMC5347778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal breast cancer is associated with increased animal fat consumption among normal weight, but not overweight women (Farvid et al., 2014). Our previous findings in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice similarly showed promotion of carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis by a diet high in saturated animal fat (HFD). This effect was specific to pubertal versus adult HFD. This study identifies the effects of HFD during puberty versus adulthood in Trp53-null transplant BALB/c mice and investigates its mechanism of enhancing tumorigenesis. Either pubertal or adult HFD is sufficient to increase incidence of Trp53-null mammary tumors. Puberty-restricted HFD exposure promoted tumor cell proliferation, increased angiogenesis, and increased recruitment of total and M2 macrophages in epithelial tumors. Adult-restricted exposure to HFD similarly increased proliferation, angiogenesis, recruitment of total and M2 macrophages, and additionally reduced apoptosis. Adult HFD also increased incidence of spindle cell carcinomas resembling claudin-low breast cancer, and thus adult HFD in the Trp53-null transplantation system may be a useful model for human claudin low breast cancer. Importantly, these results on Trp53-null and our prior studies on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis demonstrate a pubertal window of susceptibility to the promotional effects of HFD, indicating the potential of early life dietary intervention to reduce breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mark D Aupperlee
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ying Siow Tan
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Erin L Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xuezheng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Schwartz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sandra Z Haslam
- Department of Physiology and Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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23
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Mehta LS, Watson KE, Barac A, Beckie TM, Bittner V, Cruz-Flores S, Dent S, Kondapalli L, Ky B, Okwuosa T, Piña IL, Volgman AS. Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer: Where These Entities Intersect: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e30-e66. [PMID: 29437116 PMCID: PMC6722327 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in women, yet many people perceive breast cancer to be the number one threat to women's health. CVD and breast cancer have several overlapping risk factors, such as obesity and smoking. Additionally, current breast cancer treatments can have a negative impact on cardiovascular health (eg, left ventricular dysfunction, accelerated CVD), and for women with pre-existing CVD, this might influence cancer treatment decisions by both the patient and the provider. Improvements in early detection and treatment of breast cancer have led to an increasing number of breast cancer survivors who are at risk of long-term cardiac complications from cancer treatments. For older women, CVD poses a greater mortality threat than breast cancer itself. This is the first scientific statement from the American Heart Association on CVD and breast cancer. This document will provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of these diseases, shared risk factors, the cardiotoxic effects of therapy, and the prevention and treatment of CVD in breast cancer patients.
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24
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Hirko KA, Chai B, Spiegelman D, Campos H, Farvid MS, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Eliassen AH. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis in the nurses' health study II. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1116-1129. [PMID: 29071721 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of specific fatty acids in breast cancer etiology are unclear, particularly among premenopausal women. We examined 34 individual fatty acids, measured in blood erythrocytes collected between 1996 and 1999, and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study of primarily premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and before June 2010 (n = 794) were matched to controls and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR's (95% CI's) for associations of fatty acids with breast cancer; unconditional logistic regression was used for stratified analyses. Fatty acids were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk overall; however, heterogeneity by body mass index (BMI) was observed. Among overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 25), several odd-chain saturated (SFA, e.g. 17:0, ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =1.85 (1.18-2.88), ptrend =0.006 pint <0.001), trans (TFA, e.g. 18:1, ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =2.33 (1.45-3.77), ptrend <0.001, pint =0.007) and dairy-derived fatty acids (SFA 15:0 + 17:0 + TFA 16:1n-7t; ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =1.83(1.16-2.89), ptrend =0.005, pint <0.001) were positively associated, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA, e.g. alpha-linolenic acid; ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =0.57 (0.36-0.89), ptrend =0.017, pint =0.03) were inversely associated with breast cancer. Total SFA were inversely associated with breast cancer among women with BMI < 25 (ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =0.68 (0.46-0.98), ptrend =0.05, pint =0.01). Thus, while specific fatty acids were not associated with breast cancer overall, our findings suggest positive associations of several SFA, TFA and dairy-derived fatty acids and inverse associations of n-3 PUFA with breast cancer among overweight/obese women. Given these fatty acids are influenced by diet, and therefore are potentially modifiable, further investigation of these associations among overweight/obese women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Boyang Chai
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Playdon MC, Ziegler RG, Sampson JN, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Thompson HJ, Irwin ML, Mayne ST, Hoover RN, Moore SC. Nutritional metabolomics and breast cancer risk in a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:637-649. [PMID: 28659298 PMCID: PMC5525118 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.150912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidemiologic evidence for associations between dietary factors and breast cancer is weak and etiologic mechanisms are often unclear. Exploring the role of dietary biomarkers with metabolomics can potentially facilitate objective dietary characterization, mitigate errors related to self-reported diet, agnostically test metabolic pathways, and identify mechanistic mediators.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of diet-related metabolites with the risk of breast cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.Design: We examined prediagnostic serum concentrations of diet-related metabolites in a nested case-control study in 621 postmenopausal invasive breast cancer cases and 621 matched controls in the multicenter PLCO cohort. We calculated partial Pearson correlations between 617 metabolites and 55 foods, food groups, and vitamin supplements on the basis of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and derived from a 137-item self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Diet-related metabolites (P-correlation < 1.47 × 10-6) were evaluated in breast cancer analyses. ORs for the 90th compared with the 10th percentile were calculated by using conditional logistic regression, with body mass index, physical inactivity, other breast cancer risk factors, and caloric intake controlled for (false discovery rate <0.2).Results: Of 113 diet-related metabolites, 3 were associated with overall breast cancer risk (621 cases): caprate (10:0), a saturated fatty acid (OR: 1.77; 95% CI = 1.28, 2.43); γ-carboxyethyl hydrochroman (γ-CEHC), a vitamin E (γ-tocopherol) derivative (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.28); and 4-androsten-3β,17β-diol-monosulfate (1), an androgen (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.16). Nineteen metabolites were significantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+) breast cancer (418 cases): 12 alcohol-associated metabolites, including 7 androgens and α-hydroxyisovalerate (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.32); 3 vitamin E (tocopherol) derivatives (e.g., γ-CEHC; OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.70); butter-associated caprate (10:0) (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.67); and fried food-associated 2-hydroxyoctanoate (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.07). No metabolites were significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer (144 cases).Conclusions: Prediagnostic serum concentrations of metabolites related to alcohol, vitamin E, and animal fats were moderately strongly associated with ER+ breast cancer risk. Our findings show how nutritional metabolomics might identify diet-related exposures that modulate cancer risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00339495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Playdon
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; .,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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26
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Leung YK, Govindarajah V, Cheong A, Veevers J, Song D, Gear R, Zhu X, Ying J, Kendler A, Medvedovic M, Belcher S, Ho SM. Gestational high-fat diet and bisphenol A exposure heightens mammary cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:365-378. [PMID: 28487351 PMCID: PMC5488396 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) increases mammary cancer susceptibility in offspring. High-fat diet is widely believed to be a risk factor of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal exposure to BPA in addition to high-butterfat (HBF) intake during pregnancy further influences carcinogen-induced mammary cancer risk in offspring, and its dose-response curve. In this study, we found that gestational HBF intake in addition to a low-dose BPA (25 µg/kg BW/day) exposure increased mammary tumor incidence in a 50-day-of-age chemical carcinogen administration model and altered mammary gland morphology in offspring in a non-monotonic manner, while shortening tumor-free survival time compared with the HBF-alone group. In utero HBF and BPA exposure elicited differential effects at the gene level in PND21 mammary glands through DNA methylation, compared with HBF intake in the absence of BPA. Top HBF + BPA-dysregulated genes (ALDH1B1, ASTL, CA7, CPLX4, KCNV2, MAGEE2 and TUBA3E) are associated with poor overall survival in The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) human breast cancer cohort (n = 1082). Furthermore, the prognostic power of the identified genes was further enhanced in the survival analysis of Caucasian patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors. In conclusion, concurrent HBF dietary and a low-dose BPA exposure during pregnancy increases mammary tumor incidence in offspring, accompanied by alterations in mammary gland development and gene expression, and possibly through epigenetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vinothini Govindarajah
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ana Cheong
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robin Gear
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell BiophysicsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xuegong Zhu
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Belcher
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell BiophysicsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental HealthCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Environmental GeneticsUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio, USA
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27
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Chlebowski RT, Aragaki AK, Anderson GL, Thomson CA, Manson JE, Simon MS, Howard BV, Rohan TE, Snetselar L, Lane D, Barrington W, Vitolins MZ, Womack C, Qi L, Hou L, Thomas F, Prentice RL. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Breast Cancer Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2919-2926. [PMID: 28654363 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.72.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Earlier Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial findings suggested that a low-fat eating pattern may reduce breast cancers with greater mortality. Therefore, as a primary outcome-related analysis from a randomized prevention trial, we examined the long-term influence of this intervention on deaths as a result of and after breast cancer during 8.5 years (median) of dietary intervention and cumulatively for all breast cancers diagnosed during 16.1 years (median) of follow-up. Patients and Methods The trial randomly assigned 48,835 postmenopausal women with normal mammograms and without prior breast cancer from 1993 to 1998 at 40 US clinical centers to a dietary intervention with goals of a reduction of fat intake to 20% of energy and an increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains (40%; n = 19,541) or to a usual diet comparison (60%; n = 29,294). Results In the dietary group, fat intake and body weight decreased (all P < .001). During the 8.5-year dietary intervention, with 1,764 incident breast cancers, fewer deaths occurred as a result of breast cancer in the dietary group, which was not statistically significant (27 deaths [0.016% per year] v 61 deaths [0.024% per year]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.06; P = .08). During the same period, deaths after breast cancer (n = 134) were significantly reduced (40 deaths [0.025% per year] v 94 deaths [0.038% per year]; HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.94; P = .02) by the dietary intervention. During the 16.1-year follow-up, with 3,030 incident breast cancers, deaths after breast cancer also were significantly reduced (234 deaths [0.085% per year] v 443 deaths [0.11% per year]; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.96; P = .01) in the dietary group. Conclusion Compared with a usual diet comparison group, a low-fat dietary pattern led to a lower incidence of deaths after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan T Chlebowski
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael S Simon
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Barbara V Howard
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda Snetselar
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dorothy Lane
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wendy Barrington
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Catherine Womack
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lihong Qi
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lifang Hou
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance; Lihong Qi, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Aaron K. Aragaki, Garnet L. Anderson, Wendy Barrington, and Ross L. Prentice, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Cynthia A. Thomson, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; JoAnn E. Manson, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Michael S. Simon, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Barbara V. Howard, MedStar Health Research Institute; Barbara V. Howard, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, DC; Thomas E. Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City; Dorothy Lane, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY; Linda Snetselar, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Catherine Womack, Methodist Healthcare; Fridtjof Thomas, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Mara Z. Vitolins, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Lifang Hou, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Raffoul A, Stapleton J, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA, Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Robson PJ. Self-Report Dietary Assessment Tools Used in Canadian Research: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:276-289. [PMID: 28298272 PMCID: PMC5347105 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choosing the most appropriate dietary assessment tool for a study can be a challenge. Through a scoping review, we characterized self-report tools used to assess diet in Canada to identify patterns in tool use and to inform strategies to strengthen nutrition research. The research databases Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were used to identify Canadian studies published from 2009 to 2014 that included a self-report assessment of dietary intake. The search elicited 2358 records that were screened to identify those that reported on self-report dietary intake among nonclinical, non-Aboriginal adult populations. A pool of 189 articles (reflecting 92 studies) was examined in-depth to assess the dietary assessment tools used. Food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and screeners were used in 64% of studies, whereas food records and 24-h recalls were used in 18% and 14% of studies, respectively. Three studies (3%) used a single question to assess diet, and for 3 studies the tool used was not clear. A variety of distinct FFQs and screeners, including those developed and/or adapted for use in Canada and those developed elsewhere, were used. Some tools were reported to have been evaluated previously in terms of validity or reliability, but details of psychometric testing were often lacking. Energy and fat were the most commonly studied, reported by 42% and 39% of studies, respectively. For ∼20% of studies, dietary data were used to assess dietary quality or patterns, whereas close to half assessed ≤5 dietary components. A variety of dietary assessment tools are used in Canadian research. Strategies to improve the application of current evidence on best practices in dietary assessment have the potential to support a stronger and more cohesive literature on diet and health. Such strategies could benefit from national and global collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Amanda Raffoul
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ilona Csizmadi
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Boucher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Paula J Robson
- Cancer Measurement, Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation (C-MORE), Alberta Health Services Cancer Control, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Hidaka BH, Kimler BF, Fabian CJ, Carlson SE. An empirically derived dietary pattern associated with breast cancer risk is validated in a nested case-control cohort from a randomized primary prevention trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 17:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mouh FZ, Mzibri ME, Slaoui M, Amrani M. Recent Progress in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Research. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1595-608. [PMID: 27221827 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a type of breast carcinoma that is negative for expression of oestrogene and progesterone hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2. This form of breast cancer is marked by its aggressiveness, low survival rate and lack of specific therapies. Recently, important molecular characteristics of TNBC have been highlighted and led to the identification of some biomarkers that could be used in diagnosis, as therapeutic targets or to assess the prognosis. In this review, we summarize recent progress in TNBC research focusing on the genetic and epigenetic alterations of TNBC and the potential use of these biomarkers in the targeted therapy for better management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Mouh
- Equipe deRecherche ONCOGYMA, University of Mohamed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Morocco E-mail :
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31
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Lifestyle and Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Hidaka BH, Carlson SE, Kimler BF, Fabian CJ. Dietary Associations with a Breast Cancer Risk Biomarker Depend on Menopause Status. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1115-22. [PMID: 27618149 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1208255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how timing influences the role of diet in breast cancer risk with a cross-sectional study of pre-malignant change in breast tissue. Women with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer (33 premenopausal and 32 postmenopausal) completed the National Cancer Institute's food frequency questionnaire and underwent random periareolar fine-needle aspiration for evaluation of cytologic atypia, an established risk biomarker. Fatty acid composition of breast adipose was measured in 32 (49%) subjects. We found that premenopausal and postmenopausal women had similar diets, but the associations between atypia and intake of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and soy differed by menopause status (both P interaction < 0.001). Total n-3 PUFA intake was inversely associated with atypia among premenopausal women (P < 0.0001), but not among postmenopausal women (P = 0.91); associations were similar for soy (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.48, respectively). This pattern of dietary interaction with menopause was mirrored in tissue fatty acids (P interaction < 0.05), wherein 1) higher levels of linolelaidic acid (an industrially-produced trans fat) and 2) lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (the predominant long-chain n-3 PUFA) in breast adipose were associated with atypia in premenopausal (both P < 0.05) but not postmenopausal women (both P > 0.37). Dietary associations with breast cancer risk are stronger prior to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hidaka
- a MD-PhD Program, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA.,b Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- b Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Breast Cancer Prevention Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
| | - Carol J Fabian
- d Department of Medicine , Breast Cancer Prevention Center, Breast Cancer Survivorship Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , Kansas , USA
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Martin LJ, Huszti E, Connelly PW, Greenberg CV, Minkin S, Boyd NF. RE: Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study Using Multiple Time Points. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw126. [PMID: 27193584 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Martin
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, EH, CG, SM, NB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Ella Huszti
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, EH, CG, SM, NB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, EH, CG, SM, NB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Cary V Greenberg
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, EH, CG, SM, NB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Salomon Minkin
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, EH, CG, SM, NB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Norman F Boyd
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, EH, CG, SM, NB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC).
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Jung S, Goloubeva O, Klifa C, LeBlanc ES, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L, Dorgan JF. Dietary Fat Intake During Adolescence and Breast Density Among Young Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:918-26. [PMID: 27197283 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of association between fat intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies might be attributed to the disregard of temporal effects during adolescence when breasts develop and are particularly sensitive to stimuli. We prospectively examined associations between adolescent fat intakes and breast density. METHOD Among 177 women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children, dietary intakes at ages 10-18 years were assessed on five occasions by 24-hour recalls and averaged. We calculated geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals for MRI-measured breast density at ages 25-29 years across quartiles of fat intake using linear mixed-effect regression. RESULTS Comparing women in the extreme quartiles of adolescent fat intakes, percent dense breast volume (%DBV) was positively associated with saturated fat (mean = 16.4% vs. 21.5%; Ptrend < 0.001). Conversely, %DBV was inversely associated with monounsaturated fat (25.0% vs. 15.8%; Ptrend < 0.001) and the ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat (P/S ratio; 19.1% vs. 14.3%; Ptrend < 0.001). When examining intake by pubertal stages, %DBV was inversely associated with intake of polyunsaturated fat (20.8% vs. 16.4%; Ptrend = 0.04), long-chain omega-3 fat (17.8% vs. 15.8%; Ptrend < 0.001), and P/S ratio (22.5% vs. 16.1%; Ptrend < 0.001) before menarche, but not after. These associations observed with %DBV were consistently observed with absolute dense breast volume but not with absolute nondense breast volume. CONCLUSIONS In our study, adolescent intakes of higher saturated fat and lower mono- and polyunsaturated fat are associated with higher breast density measured approximately 15 years later. IMPACT The fat subtype composition in adolescent diet may be important in early breast cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 918-26. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga Goloubeva
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Erin S LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joanne F Dorgan
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Abstract
Despite the potentially important roles of diet and nutrition in cancer prevention, the evidence to support these roles is widely perceived by the public and health professionals as being inconsistent. In this Review, we present the issues and challenges in conducting and interpreting diet-cancer research, including those relating to the design of epidemiological studies, dietary data collection methods, and factors that affect the outcome of intervention trials. Approaches to improve effect estimates, such as the use of biomarkers to improve the accuracy of characterizing dietary exposures, are also discussed. Nutritional and dietary patterns are complex; therefore, the use of a reductionist approach to investigations, by focusing on specific nutrients, can produce misleading information. The effects of tumour heterogeneity and the failure to appreciate the nonlinear, U-shaped relationship between micronutrients and cancer in both observational studies and clinical trials are discussed. New technologies and investigational approaches are enabling the exploration of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, and gut-microbial processes that will inform our knowledge of the diet-cancer relationship. Communicating the status of the evolving science in the context of the overall scientific evidence base, and evidence-based dietary recommendations for cancer prevention, should be emphasized in guidance for the public and for individual patients.
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Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Willett W, Hu FB. Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:968-79. [PMID: 26527511 PMCID: PMC4667723 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of low-fat diets for long-term weight loss has been debated for decades, with many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and recent reviews giving mixed results. We aimed to summarise the large body of evidence from RCTs to determine whether low-fat diets contribute to greater weight loss than participants' usual diet, low-carbohydrate diets, and other higher-fat dietary interventions. METHODS We did a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of RCTs comparing the long-term effect (≥1 year) of low-fat and higher-fat dietary interventions on weight loss by searching MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify eligible trials published from database inception up until July 31, 2014. We excluded trials if one intervention group included a non-dietary weight loss component but the other did not, and trials of dietary supplements or meal replacement drink interventions. Data including the main outcome measure of mean difference in weight change between interventions, and whether interventions were intended to lead to weight loss, weight maintenance, or neither, were extracted from published reports. We estimated the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with a DerSimonian and Laird random effects method. FINDINGS 3517 citations were identified by the search and 53 studies met our inclusion criteria, including 68 128 participants (69 comparisons). In weight loss trials, low-carbohydrate interventions led to significantly greater weight loss than did low-fat interventions (18 comparisons; WMD 1·15 kg [95% CI 0·52 to 1·79]; I(2)=10%). Low-fat interventions did not lead to differences in weight change compared with other higher-fat weight loss interventions (19 comparisons; WMD 0·36 kg [-0·66 to 1·37; I(2)=82%), and led to a greater weight decrease only when compared with a usual diet (eight comparisons; -5·41 kg [-7·29 to -3·54]; I(2)=68%). Similarly, results of non-weight-loss trials and weight maintenance trials, for which no low-carbohydrate comparisons were made, showed that low-fat versus higher-fat interventions have a similar effect on weight loss, and that low-fat interventions led to greater weight loss only when compared with usual diet. In weight loss trials, higher-fat weight loss interventions led to significantly greater weight loss than low-fat interventions when groups differed by more than 5% of calories obtained from fat at follow-up (18 comparisons; WMD 1·04 kg [95% CI 0·06 to 2·03]; I(2)=78%), and when the difference in serum triglycerides between the two interventions at follow-up was at least 0·06 mmol/L (17 comparisons; 1·38 kg [0·50 to 2·25]; I(2)=62%). INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the long-term effect of low-fat diet intervention on bodyweight depends on the intensity of the intervention in the comparison group. When compared with dietary interventions of similar intensity, evidence from RCTs does not support low-fat diets over other dietary interventions for long-term weight loss. FUNDING National Institutes of Health and American Diabetes Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Ludwig
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Govindarajah V, Leung YK, Ying J, Gear R, Bornschein RL, Medvedovic M, Ho SM. In utero exposure of rats to high-fat diets perturbs gene expression profiles and cancer susceptibility of prepubertal mammary glands. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 29:73-82. [PMID: 26895667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human studies suggest that high-fat diets (HFDs) increase the risk of breast cancer. The 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis rat model is commonly used to evaluate the effects of lifestyle factors such as HFD on mammary tumor risk. Past studies focused primarily on the effects of continuous maternal exposure on the risk of offspring at the end of puberty (PND50). We assessed the effects of prenatal HFD exposure on cancer susceptibility in prepubertal mammary glands and identified key gene networks associated with such disruption. During pregnancy, dams were fed AIN-93G-based diets with isocaloric high olive oil, butterfat or safflower oil. The control group received AIN-93G. Female offspring were treated with DMBA on PND21. However, a significant increase in tumor volume and a trend of shortened tumor latency were observed in rats with HFD exposure against the controls (P=.048 and P=.067, respectively). Large-volume tumors harbored carcinoma in situ. Transcriptome profiling identified 43 differentially expressed genes in the mammary glands of the HFBUTTER group as compared with control. Rapid hormone signaling was the most dysregulated pathway. The diet also induced aberrant expression of Dnmt3a, Mbd1 and Mbd3, consistent with potential epigenetic disruption. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence supporting susceptibility of prepubertal mammary glands to DMBA-induced tumorigenesis that can be modulated by dietary fat that involves aberrant gene expression and likely epigenetic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Govindarajah
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robin Gear
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert L Bornschein
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Takagi A, Kano M, Kaga C. Possibility of breast cancer prevention: use of soy isoflavones and fermented soy beverage produced using probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10907-20. [PMID: 25984609 PMCID: PMC4463682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The various beneficial effects of soybeans, which are rich in phytochemicals, have received much attention because of increasing health awareness. Soy milk that has been fermented using lactic acid bacteria has been used to prepare cheese-like products, tofu (bean-curd), and yogurt-type products. However, the distinct odor of soybeans has limited the acceptance of such foods, particularly in Western countries. In Japan, while tofu and soy milk have long been habitually consumed, the development of novel, palatable food products has not been easy. The unpleasant odor of soy milk and the absorption efficiency for isoflavones can be improved using a recently developed fermented soy milk beverage. Cancer has been the leading cause of death, and breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. The most common type of breast cancer is estrogen-dependent, and the anti-estrogenic effects of isoflavones are known. The present review focuses on the characteristics of soy milk fermented using probiotics, an epidemiological study examining the incidence of breast cancer and soy isoflavone consumption, and a non-clinical study examining breast cancer prevention using fermented soy milk beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Takagi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyoshi Kano
- Food Research Laboratory, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kaga
- Food Research Laboratory, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
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Martin LJ, Melnichouk O, Huszti E, Connelly PW, Greenberg CV, Minkin S, Boyd NF. Serum lipids, lipoproteins, and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study using multiple time points. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv032. [PMID: 25817193 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence that breast cancer risk is influenced by environmental factors. Blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are also influenced by environmental factors and are associated with some breast cancer risk factors. We examined whether serial measures of serum lipids and lipoproteins were associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS We carried out a nested case-control study within a randomized long-term dietary intervention trial with 4690 women with extensive mammographic density followed for an average of 10 years for breast cancer incidence. We measured lipids in an average of 4.2 blood samples for 279 invasive breast cancer case subjects and 558 matched control subjects. We calculated subaverages of lipids for each subject based on menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at blood collection and analyzed their association with breast cancer using generalized estimating equations. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = .05) and apoA1 (P = .02) levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk (75(th) vs 25(th) percentile: HDL-C, 23% higher; apoA1, 28% higher) and non-HDL-C (P = .03) and apoB (P = .01) levels were negatively associated (75(th) vs 25(th) percentile: non-HDL-C, 19% lower; apoB, 22% lower). These associations were observed only when lipids were measured when HRT was not used. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that serum lipids are associated with breast cancer risk in women with extensive mammographic density. The possibility that interventions for heart disease prevention, which aim to reduce non-HDL-C or raise HDL-C, may have effects on breast cancer risk merits examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Martin
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Olga Melnichouk
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Ella Huszti
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Carolyn V Greenberg
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Salomon Minkin
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC)
| | - Norman F Boyd
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (LJM, OM, EH, CVG, SM, NFB); Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC); Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PWC).
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Su X, Boeke CE, Collins LC, Baer HJ, Willett WC, Schnitt SJ, Connolly JL, Rosner B, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM. Intakes of fat and micronutrients between ages 13 and 18 years and the incidence of proliferative benign breast disease. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:79-90. [PMID: 25376828 PMCID: PMC4282970 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary exposures during adolescence may exert important effects on breast development and future breast cancer risk. This study evaluated the associations between high school intakes of fat and micronutrients and the incidence of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD), a marker of increased breast cancer risk. METHODS 29,480 women (mean age 43.3 years, range 33.6-52.9) completed a high school food frequency questionnaire in 1998 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Between 1991 and 2001, 682 women (follow-up time: 259,828 person-years) were diagnosed with proliferative BBD whose biopsy slides were reviewed and confirmed by the study pathologists. RESULTS In multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, high school intakes of total fat and types of fat were not associated with proliferative BBD. Women in the highest quintile of total retinol activity equivalents (RAEs), which incorporate retinol, α- and β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin intakes, had a 17 % lower risk of proliferative BBD than those in the lowest quintile [multivariate hazard ratio (HR) 95 % CI 0.83 (0.64, 1.07), p trend = 0.01]; however, additional adjustment for high school dietary factors (vitamin D, nuts, and fiber) rendered the association nonsignificant [0.99 (0.73, 1.34), p trend = 0.32]. Results were similar with additional adjustment for adult RAE intake. Intakes of vitamin E and individual carotenoids were not associated with proliferative BBD, although an inverse association cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS In this study, adolescent fat and micronutrient intakes were not associated with risk of proliferative BBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Caroline E. Boeke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3 Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Laura C. Collins
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Heather J. Baer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3 Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart J. Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - James L. Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3 Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Graham A. Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3 Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Potter JD. Nutritional epidemiology--there's life in the old dog yet! Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:323-30. [PMID: 25515549 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consideration is given to the idea that the nutritional epidemiology of cancer is dead, as some in the media have claimed. The basis for the claim does not lie in science nor has anyone with relevant knowledge made such a statement-although that, too, has been claimed. Evidence is adduced for the importance of past achievements of nutritional epidemiology. Attention is similarly drawn to recent contributions. In particular, I note the state of play of cancer and plant foods, fat and breast cancer, meat and cancer, vegetarians, intervention studies, migrant studies, and westernization of diet and lifestyle. Some next steps and some currently important questions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Potter
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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Thomson CA, Van Horn L, Caan BJ, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Rohan TE, Tinker LF, Kuller LH, Hou L, Lane DS, Johnson KC, Vitolins MZ, Prentice RL. Cancer incidence and mortality during the intervention and postintervention periods of the Women's Health Initiative dietary modification trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2924-35. [PMID: 25258014 PMCID: PMC4257879 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) low-fat (20% kcal) dietary modification (DM) trial (1993-2005) demonstrated a nonsignificant reduction in breast cancer, a nominally significant reduction in ovarian cancer, and no effect on other cancers (mean 8.3 years intervention). Consent to nonintervention follow-up was 83% (n = 37,858). This analysis was designed to assess postintervention cancer risk in women randomized to the low-fat diet (40%) versus usual diet comparison (60%). METHODS Randomized, controlled low-fat diet intervention for prevention of breast and colorectal cancers conducted in 48,835 postmenopausal U.S. women, ages 50 to 79 years at 40 U.S. sites. Outcomes included total invasive cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, and cancer-specific and overall mortality. RESULTS There were no intervention effects on invasive breast or colorectal cancer, other cancers, or cancer-specific or overall mortality during the postintervention period or the combined intervention and follow-up periods. For invasive breast cancer, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.92 (0.84-1.01) during intervention, 1.08 (0.94-1.24) during the postintervention period, and 0.97 (0.89-1.05) during cumulative follow-up. A reduced risk for estrogen receptor positive/progesterone receptor-negative tumors was demonstrated during follow-up. In women with higher baseline fat intake (quartile), point estimates of breast cancer risk were HR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62-0.92) during intervention versus HR, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.84-1.4) during postintervention follow-up (Pdiff = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fat intake increased postintervention in intervention women; no long-term reduction in cancer risk or mortality was shown in the WHI DM trial. IMPACT Dietary advisement to reduce fat for cancer prevention after menopause generally was not supported by the WHI DM trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Thomson
- Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bette J Caan
- Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dorothy S Lane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Mourouti N, Kontogianni MD, Papavagelis C, Panagiotakos DB. Diet and breast cancer: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 66:1-42. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.950207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Spanish Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: case-control EpiGEICAM study. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1454-62. [PMID: 25101568 PMCID: PMC4183855 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are solid findings regarding the detrimental effect of alcohol consumption, the existing evidence on the effect of other dietary factors on breast cancer (BC) risk is inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and risk of BC in Spanish women, stratifying by menopausal status and tumour subtype, and to compare the results with those of Alternate Healthy Index (AHEI) and Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED). METHODS We recruited 1017 incident BC cases and 1017 matched healthy controls of similar age (±5 years) without a history of BC. The association between 'a priori' and 'a posteriori' developed dietary patterns and BC in general and according to menopausal status and intrinsic tumour subtypes (ER+/PR+ and HER2-; HER2+; and ER-/PR- and HER2-) was evaluated using logistic and multinomial regression models. RESULTS Adherence to the Western dietary pattern was related to higher risk of BC (OR for the top vs the bottom quartile 1.46 (95% CI 1.06-2.01)), especially in premenopausal women (OR=1.75; 95% CI 1.14-2.67). In contrast, the Mediterranean pattern was related to a lower risk (OR for the top quartile vs the bottom quartile 0.56 (95% CI 0.40-0.79)). Although the deleterious effect of the Western pattern was similarly observed in all tumour subtypes, the protective effect of our Mediterranean pattern was stronger for triple-negative tumours (OR=0.32; 95% CI 0.15-0.66 and Pheterogeneity=0.04). No association was found between adherence to the Prudent pattern and BC risk. The associations between 'a priori' indices and BC risk were less marked (OR for the top vs the bottom quartile of AHEI=0.69; 95% CI 0.51-0.94 and aMED=0.74; 95% CI 0.46-1.18)). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the harmful effect of a Western diet on BC risk, and add new evidence on the benefits of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, oily fish and vegetable oils for preventing all BC subtypes, and particularly triple-negative tumours.
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Schwab U, Lauritzen L, Tholstrup T, Haldorsson TI, Riserus U, Uusitupa M, Becker W. Effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer: a systematic review. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:25145. [PMID: 25045347 PMCID: PMC4095759 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of both the amount and quality of dietary fat have been studied intensively during the past decades. Previously, low-fat diets were recommended without much attention to the quality of fat, whereas there is general emphasis on the quality of fat in current guidelines. The objective of this systematic review (SR) was to assess the evidence of an effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on body weight (BW), risk factors, and risk of non-communicable diseases, that is, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer in healthy subjects or subjects at risk for these diseases. This work was performed in the process of updating the fourth edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from 2004. The literature search was performed in October 2010 covering articles published since January 2000. A complementary search was done in February 2012 covering literature until December 2011. Two authors independently selected articles for inclusion from a total of about 16,000 abstracts according to predefined criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective cohort studies (PCS) were included as well as nested case-control studies. A few retrospective case-control studies were also included when limited or no data were available from other study types. Altogether 607 articles were quality graded and the observed effects in these papers were summarized. Convincing evidence was found that partial replacement of saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) or monounsaturated fat (MUFA) lowers fasting serum/plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. The evidence was probable for a decreasing effect of fish oil on concentration of serum/plasma total triglycerides as compared with MUFA. Beneficial effect of MUFA both on insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma/serum insulin concentration was considered as probable in comparisons of MUFA and carbohydrates versus SFA, whereas no effect was found on fasting glucose concentration in these comparisons. There was probable evidence for a moderate direct association between total fat intake and BW. Furthermore, there was convincing evidence that partial replacement of SFA with PUFA decreases the risk of CVD, especially in men. This finding was supported by an association with biomarkers of PUFA intake; the evidence of a beneficial effect of dietary total PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and linoleic acid (LA) on CVD mortality was limited suggestive. Evidence for a direct association between total fat intake and risk of T2DM was inconclusive, whereas there was limited-suggestive evidence from biomarker studies that LA is inversely associated with the risk of T2DM. However, there was limited-suggestive evidence in biomarker studies that odd-chain SFA found in milk fat and fish may be inversely related to T2DM, but these associations have not been supported by controlled studies. The evidence for an association between dietary n-3 PUFA and T2DM was inconclusive. Evidence for effects of fat on major types of cancer was inconclusive regarding both the amount and quality of dietary fat, except for prostate cancer where there was limited-suggestive evidence for an inverse association with intake of ALA and for ovarian cancer for which there was limited-suggestive evidence for a positive association with intake of SFA. This SR reviewed a large number of studies focusing on several different health outcomes. The time period covered by the search may not have allowed obtaining the full picture of the evidence in all areas covered by this SR. However, several SRs and meta-analyses that covered studies published before year 2000 were evaluated, which adds confidence to the results. Many of the investigated questions remain unresolved, mainly because of few studies on certain outcomes, conflicting results from studies, and lack of high quality-controlled studies. There is thus an evident need of highly controlled RCT and PCS with sufficient number of subjects and long enough duration, specifically regarding the effects of the amount and quality of dietary fat on insulin sensitivity, T2DM, low-grade inflammation, and blood pressure. New metabolic and other potential risk markers and utilization of new methodology in the area of lipid metabolism may provide new insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Tholstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur I. Haldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Riserus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Duchaine CS, Dumas I, Diorio C. Consumption of sweet foods and mammographic breast density: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:554. [PMID: 24969543 PMCID: PMC4071328 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing consumption of sugar worldwide seems to lead to several health problems, including some types of cancer. While some studies reported a positive association between sweet foods intake and breast cancer risk, little is known about their relation to mammographic density (MD), a strong breast cancer risk factor. This study examined the association of sweet foods and drinks intake with MD among 776 premenopausal and 779 postmenopausal women recruited at mammography. METHODS A food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess intake of sweet foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and spoonsful of sugar added. Percent and absolute breast density were estimated using a computer-assisted method. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to evaluate associations. All models were adjusted for potential confounders, including age and body mass index. RESULTS For increasing quartiles of sugar-sweetened beverages intake, adjusted-mean absolute density was respectively 32, 34, 32 and 36 cm2 among all women (P(trend) = 0.040) and 43, 46, 44 and 51 cm2 among premenopausal women (P(trend) = 0.007). For increasing quartiles of sweet foods intake, adjusted-mean percent density was respectively 16, 16, 17 and 19% among postmenopausal women (P(trend) = 0.036). No association was shown between intake of spoonsful of sugar added and MD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that an increase in sweet foods or sugar-sweetened beverage intake is associated with higher MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Duchaine
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, 2325, rue de l’Université, G1V 0A6 Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, G1S 4L8 Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dumas
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, G1S 4L8 Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, 2325, rue de l’Université, G1V 0A6 Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, G1S 4L8 Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital St-Sacrement du CHU de Québec, 1050, chemin Ste-Foy, G1S 4L8 Quebec, QC, Canada
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Boeke CE, Eliassen AH, Chen WY, Cho E, Holmes MD, Rosner B, Willett WC, Tamimi RM. Dietary fat intake in relation to lethal breast cancer in two large prospective cohort studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 146:383-92. [PMID: 24894342 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whether fat intake influences risk of developing more aggressive, lethal breast tumors is unknown. We evaluated intakes of total fat, specific types of fat, and cholesterol prior to diagnosis in relation to lethal breast cancer risk in 88,759 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980-2010) and 93,912 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; 1991-2010). Diet was assessed every 4 years using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Breast cancers were confirmed with pathology reports; deaths were confirmed by next of kin or the National Death Index. We defined lethal cases as women with invasive breast cancer who died of breast cancer. We pooled the cohorts and used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. We identified 1,529 lethal breast cancer cases (1,279 in NHS and 250 in NHSII). Higher total fat intake was associated with a slightly lower lethal breast cancer risk (top vs. bottom quintile hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95 % CI 0.72, 1.01; p trend = 0.05). Specific types of fat were generally not associated with lethal breast cancer risk. For example, compared with those in the lowest quintile of saturated fat intake, those in the highest quintile had a HR of 0.98 (95 % CI 0.75, 1.26; p trend = 0.96). Among women diagnosed with breast cancer, pre-diagnosis fat intake was not associated with survival. Higher pre-diagnosis fat intake was not associated with greater risk of lethal breast cancer in these large prospective cohort studies, consistent with the weight of the evidence against a causal role for fat intake and breast cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Boeke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To provide a current perspective on nutrition and physical activity influence on breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive literature review was conducted and selective presentation of findings follows. While some observational studies have associated higher dietary fat intake with higher breast cancer incidence, two full-scale randomized, clinical trials of dietary fat intake reduction programs were negative. However, a lifestyle intervention targeting fat intake reduction in the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS), resulted in weight loss and also reduced breast cancer recurrences in women with early stage disease. Observational studies evaluating specific nutrient intakes and dietary supplements have provided mixed results. Several observational studies find women with early stage breast cancer with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at higher recurrence risk, a finding requiring cautious interpretation. The lifestyle factor most strongly and consistently associated with both breast cancer incidence and breast cancer recurrence risk is physical activity. A meta-analyses of observational studies supports the concept that moderate recreational physical activity (about 3-4 h walking per week) may reduce breast cancer incidence and that women with early stage breast cancer who increased or maintain their physical activity may have lower recurrence risk as well. Feasibility of achieving increased physical activity and weight loss in women with early-stage breast cancer has been established. Two full-scale randomized clinical trials are evaluating weight loss/maintenance and increased physical activity in relation to recurrence risk in women with early-stage, resected breast cancer. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake may influence breast cancer but influence is difficult to separate from influence of body weight. A consistent body of observational study evidence suggests higher physical activity has favorable influence on breast cancer incidence and outcome. While awaiting definitive evidence from ongoing randomized trials, breast cancer patients can reasonably be counseled to avoid weight gain and reduce body weight if overweight or obese and increase or maintain a moderate level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan T Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Building J-3, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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Farvid MS, Cho E, Chen WY, Eliassen AH, Willett WC. Premenopausal dietary fat in relation to pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:255-65. [PMID: 24715379 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between fat intake and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses' Health Study II. We followed 88,804 women aged 26-45 years from 1991 to 2011 and documented incident breast cancers. Dietary fat, assessed by questionnaires in 1991, was examined in relation to total, premenopausal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). During 20 years of follow-up, 2,830 incident invasive breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Total fat intake was not associated with risk of breast cancer overall. After adjustment for demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary factors, a positive association was observed between animal fat intake and breast cancer overall (RR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.18; 95 % CI 1.04-1.33; P trend = 0.01). A positive association with animal fat intake was also seen among premenopausal women, but not among postmenopausal women. Higher intakes of saturated fat and monounsaturated fat were each associated with modestly higher breast cancer risk among all women, and higher cholesterol intake was associated with higher premenopausal breast cancer risk. However, the associations of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and animal fat, were attenuated and non-significant after adjustment for red meat intake. Intakes of other types of fat including vegetable fat, dairy fat, polyunsaturated fat, and trans fat were not associated with breast cancer risk. Our finding suggests a positive association between early adult intake of animal fat and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA,
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