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Shu M, Huang L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xie Z, Li S, Zhou J, Wei L, Fu T, Liu B, Chen H, Tang K, Ke Z. Identification of a DNA-methylome-based signature for prognosis prediction in driver gene-negative lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216835. [PMID: 38548216 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
"Driver gene-negative" lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was of rare treatment options and a poor prognosis. Presently, for them, few biomarkers are available for stratification analysis to make appropriate treatment strategy. This study aimed to develop a DNA-methylome-based signature to realize the precise risk-stratifying. Here, an Illumina MethylationEPIC Beadchip was applied to obtain differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs). A four-CpG-based signature, named as TLA, was successfully established, whose prognosis-predicting power was well verified in one internal (n = 78) and other external (n = 110) validation cohorts. Patients with high-risk scores had shorter overall survival (OS) in all cohorts [hazard ratio (HR): 11.79, 5.16 and 2.99, respectively]. Additionally, it can effectively divide patients into low-risk and high-risk groups, with significantly different OS in the diverse subgroups stratified by the standard clinical parameters. As an independent prognostic factor, TLA may assist in improving the nomogram's 5-year OS-predicting ability (AUC 0.756, 95% CI:0.695-0.816), superior to TNM alone (AUC 0.644, 95% CI: 0.590-0.698). Additionally, the relationship of TLA-related genes, TAC1, LHX9, and ALX1, with prognosis and tumour invasion made them serve as potential therapy targets for driver gene-negative LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Shu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Leilei Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhongpeng Xie
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Test Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianwen Zhou
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Test Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lihong Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tongze Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Test Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bixia Liu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Test Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Kejing Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Test Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Tonelli C, Yordanov GN, Hao Y, Deschênes A, Hinds J, Belleau P, Klingbeil O, Brosnan E, Doshi A, Park Y, Hruban RH, Vakoc CR, Dobin A, Preall J, Tuveson DA. A mucus production programme promotes classical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2024; 73:941-954. [PMID: 38262672 PMCID: PMC11088527 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal therapeutic response in cancer patients is highly dependent upon the differentiation state of their tumours. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal cancer that harbours distinct phenotypic subtypes with preferential sensitivities to standard therapies. This study aimed to investigate intratumour heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cell states in PDA in order to reveal cell state-specific regulators. DESIGN We analysed single-cell expression profiling of mouse PDAs, revealing intratumour heterogeneity and cell plasticity and identified pathways activated in the different cell states. We performed comparative analysis of murine and human expression states and confirmed their phenotypic diversity in specimens by immunolabeling. We assessed the function of phenotypic regulators using mouse models of PDA, organoids, cell lines and orthotopically grafted tumour models. RESULTS Our expression analysis and immunolabeling analysis show that a mucus production programme regulated by the transcription factor SPDEF is highly active in precancerous lesions and the classical subtype of PDA - the most common differentiation state. SPDEF maintains the classical differentiation and supports PDA transformation in vivo. The SPDEF tumour-promoting function is mediated by its target genes AGR2 and ERN2/IRE1β that regulate mucus production, and inactivation of the SPDEF programme impairs tumour growth and facilitates subtype interconversion from classical towards basal-like differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand our understanding of the transcriptional programmes active in precancerous lesions and PDAs of classical differentiation, determine the regulators of mucus production as specific vulnerabilities in these cell states and reveal phenotype switching as a response mechanism to inactivation of differentiation states determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tonelli
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | | | - Yuan Hao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Astrid Deschênes
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Juliene Hinds
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Belleau
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Erin Brosnan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Abhishek Doshi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Youngkyu Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alexander Dobin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Preall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
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Yu D, Liang Y, Kim C, Jaganathan A, Ji D, Han X, Yang X, Jia Y, Gu R, Wang C, Zhang Q, Cheung KL, Zhou MM, Zeng L. Structural mechanism of BRD4-NUT and p300 bipartite interaction in propagating aberrant gene transcription in chromatin in NUT carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:378. [PMID: 36690674 PMCID: PMC9870903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BRD4-NUT, a driver fusion mutant in rare and highly aggressive NUT carcinoma, acts in aberrant transcription of anti-differentiation genes by recruiting histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 and promoting p300-driven histone hyperacetylation and nuclear condensation in chromatin. However, the molecular basis of how BRD4-NUT recruits and activates p300 remains elusive. Here, we report that BRD4-NUT contains two transactivation domains (TADs) in NUT that bind to the TAZ2 domain in p300. Our NMR structures reveal that NUT TADs adopt amphipathic helices when bound to the four-helical bundle TAZ2 domain. The NUT protein forms liquid-like droplets in-vitro that are enhanced by TAZ2 binding in 1:2 stoichiometry. The TAD/TAZ2 bipartite binding in BRD4-NUT/p300 triggers allosteric activation of p300 and acetylation-driven liquid-like condensation on chromatin that comprise histone H3 lysine 27 and 18 acetylation and transcription proteins BRD4L/S, CDK9, MED1, and RNA polymerase II. The BRD4-NUT/p300 chromatin condensation is key for activating transcription of pro-proliferation genes such as ALX1, resulting ALX1/Snail signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our study provides a previously underappreciated structural mechanism illuminating BRD4-NUT's bipartite p300 recruitment and activation in NUT carcinoma that nucleates a feed-forward loop for propagating histone hyperacetylation and chromatin condensation to sustain aberrant anti-differentiation gene transcription and perpetual tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Claudia Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anbalagan Jaganathan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Donglei Ji
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinye Han
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuelan Yang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ruirui Gu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ka Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Lei Zeng
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Feng YN, Li BY, Wang K, Li XX, Zhang L, Dong XZ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related long noncoding RNAs in gastric carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:977280. [PMCID: PMC9605205 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.977280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily phenotypic conversion program, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in tumour deterioration and has facilitated the metastatic ability of cancer cells via enhancing migration and invasion. Gastric cancer (GC) remains a frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy globally. Most GC-associated mortality can be attributed to metastasis. Recent studies have shown that EMT-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in GC progression and GC cell motility. In addition, lncRNAs are associated with EMT-related transcription factors and signalling pathways. In the present review, we comprehensively described the EMT-inducing lncRNA molecular mechanisms and functional perspectives of EMT-inducing lncRNAs in GC progression. Taken together, the statements of this review provided a clinical implementation in identifying lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for advanced GC.
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Intrinsically disordered BMP4 morphogen and the beak of the finch: Co-option of an ancient axial patterning system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:366-373. [PMID: 35931296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Darwin's finches, with the primary diversity in the shape and size of their beaks, represent an excellent model system to study speciation and adaptive evolution. It is generally held that evolution depends on the natural selection of heritable phenotypic variations originating from the genetic mutations. However, it is now increasingly evident that epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variation can also guide evolutionary change. Several studies have shown that the bone morphogenetic protein BMP4 is a major driver of beak morphology. A recent study explored variability of the morphological, genetic, and epigenetic differences in the adjacent "urban" and "rural" populations of two species of ground Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands and revealed significant changes in methylation patterns in several genes including those involved in the BMP/TGFß pathway in the sperm DNA compared to erythrocyte DNA. These observations indicated that epigenetic changes caused by environmental fluctuations can be passed on to the offspring. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which dysregulated expression of BMP4 impacts beak morphology remains poorly understood. Here, we show that BMP4 is an intrinsically disordered protein and present a causal a link between epigenetic changes, BMP4 dysregulation and the evolution of the beak of the finch by natural selection.
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Lee CH. Snail Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation via Its Interaction with the BIRC3. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:380-388. [PMID: 35711139 PMCID: PMC9252879 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail is implicated in tumour growth and metastasis and is up-regulated in various human tumours. Although the role of Snails in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is particularly important in cancer metastasis, is well known, how they regulate tumour growth is poorly described. In this study, the possible molecular mechanisms of Snail in tumour growth were explored. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3), a co-activator of cell proliferation during tumourigenesis, was identified as a Snail-binding protein via a yeast two-hybrid system. Since BIRC3 is important for cell survival, the effect of BIRC3 binding partner Snail on cell survival was investigated in ovarian cancer cell lines. Results revealed that Bax expression was activated, while the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins were markedly decreased by small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for Snail (siSnail). siSnail, the binding partner of siBIRC3, activated the tumour suppressor function of p53 by promoting p53 protein stability. Conversely, BIRC3 could interact with Snail, for this reason, the possibility of BIRC3 involvement in EMT was investigated. BIRC3 overexpression resulted in a decreased expression of the epithelial marker and an increased expression of the mesenchymal markers. siSnail or siBIRC3 reduced the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. These results provide evidence that Snail promotes cell proliferation by interacting with BIRC3 and that BIRC3 might be involved in EMT via binding to Snail in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, our results suggested the novel relevance of BIRC3, the binding partner of Snail, in ovarian cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Byun
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul/Goyang 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul/Goyang 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul/Goyang 04620, Republic of Korea
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Zhu T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lu E, Liu H, Liu X, Yin S, Zhang P. Irisin/FNDC5 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:841-850. [PMID: 35156135 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the role of irisin/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in epithelial ovarian cancer and investigated its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of irisin/FNDC5 in epithelial ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues. Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell, and wound-healing assays were performed to examine the effect of irisin on the viability, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway proteins. Ovarian cancer cells were treated in vitro with the PI3K agonist (740Y-P) in combination with irisin to explore the mechanism of irisin in ovarian cancer. RESULTS The expression of irisin/FNDC5 in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissues, and the expression in late stage patients with lymph node metastasis was lower than that in early stage patients without metastasis. Irisin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of epithelial ovarian cancer cells, down-regulated phosphorylated Akt, and inhibited EMT progression. The PI3K agonist, 740Y-P, partially reversed the effects of irisin on the invasion, migration, and EMT of ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSION These findings show that irisin/FNDC5 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, which may regulate the EMT through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Institute of Biology, Heze Institute of Food and Drug Inspection and Testing, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Enbang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayuan Liu
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwei Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, People's Republic of China.
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Oleanolic Acid (OA) Targeting UNC5B Inhibits Proliferation and EMT of Ovarian Cancer Cell and Increases Chemotherapy Sensitivity of Niraparib. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5887671. [PMID: 35035481 PMCID: PMC8758276 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5887671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of OA on proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting UNC5B and to study its mechanism. Methods TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of UNC5B in ovarian cancer and its relationship with prognosis. The expression of UNC5B in ovarian cancer cells was detected by qPCR assay. qRT-PCR was used to detect the changes of EMT markers after different treatments. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, transwell assay was used to evaluate cell migration, and clonogenesis assay was used to evaluate the effect of UNC5B on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of OA on niraparib was evaluated. Results UNC5B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer, and its expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. UNC5B was highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and OVCA420 compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells. In addition, silencing UNC5B inhibits the proliferation, invasion, clonogenesis, and EMT processes of ovarian cancer cells. OA inhibits proliferation, invasion, and clonogenesis of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting UNC5B and increases the antitumor activity of niraparib. Conclusion UNC5B acts as an oncogenic gene in ovarian cancer. OA inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and EMT by targeting UNC5B and increases the antitumor effect of niraparib. UNC5B is expected to be a new potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. OA may be used as an antitumor drug and deserves further study.
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230017. [PMID: 34708244 PMCID: PMC8703024 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition or EMT is an extremely dynamic process involved in conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, stimulated by an ensemble of signaling pathways, leading to change in cellular morphology, suppression of epithelial characters and acquisition of properties such as enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, reduced cell death by apoptosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs etc. Significantly, EMT has been found to play a crucial role during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and would healing, as well as during cancer metastasis. Over the years, work from various laboratories have identified a rather large number of transcription factors (TFs) including the master regulators of EMT, with the ability to regulate the EMT process directly. In this review, we put together these EMT TFs and discussed their role in the process. We have also tried to focus on their mechanism of action, their interdependency, and the large regulatory network they form. Subsequently, it has become clear that the composition and structure of the transcriptional regulatory network behind EMT probably varies based upon various physiological and pathological contexts, or even in a cell/tissue type-dependent manner.
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Liu H, Qiu C, Wang B, Bing P, Tian G, Zhang X, Ma J, He B, Yang J. Evaluating DNA Methylation, Gene Expression, Somatic Mutation, and Their Combinations in Inferring Tumor Tissue-of-Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619330. [PMID: 34012960 PMCID: PMC8126648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a type of metastatic cancer, the primary tumor site of which cannot be identified. CUP occupies approximately 5% of cancer incidences in the United States with usually unfavorable prognosis, making it a big threat to public health. Traditional methods to identify the tissue-of-origin (TOO) of CUP like immunohistochemistry can only deal with around 20% CUP patients. In recent years, more and more studies suggest that it is promising to solve the problem by integrating machine learning techniques with big biomedical data involving multiple types of biomarkers including epigenetic, genetic, and gene expression profiles, such as DNA methylation. Different biomarkers play different roles in cancer research; for example, genomic mutations in a patient’s tumor could lead to specific anticancer drugs for treatment; DNA methylation and copy number variation could reveal tumor tissue of origin and molecular classification. However, there is no systematic comparison on which biomarker is better at identifying the cancer type and site of origin. In addition, it might also be possible to further improve the inference accuracy by integrating multiple types of biomarkers. In this study, we used primary tumor data rather than metastatic tumor data. Although the use of primary tumors may lead to some biases in our classification model, their tumor-of-origins are known. In addition, previous studies have suggested that the CUP prediction model built from primary tumors could efficiently predict TOO of metastatic cancers (Lal et al., 2013; Brachtel et al., 2016). We systematically compared the performances of three types of biomarkers including DNA methylation, gene expression profile, and somatic mutation as well as their combinations in inferring the TOO of CUP patients. First, we downloaded the gene expression profile, somatic mutation and DNA methylation data of 7,224 tumor samples across 21 common cancer types from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and generated seven different feature matrices through various combinations. Second, we performed feature selection by the Pearson correlation method. The selected features for each matrix were used to build up an XGBoost multi-label classification model to infer cancer TOO, an algorithm proven to be effective in a few previous studies. The performance of each biomarker and combination was compared by the 10-fold cross-validation process. Our results showed that the TOO tracing accuracy using gene expression profile was the highest, followed by DNA methylation, while somatic mutation performed the worst. Meanwhile, we found that simply combining multiple biomarkers does not have much effect in improving prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.,College of Information Engineering, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Pingping Bing
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiamusi Cancer Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Information Engineering, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingsheng He
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.,Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.,Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Ni J, Tian W, Liang S, Wang H, Ren Y. Promoter Methylation-mediated Silencing of the MiR-192-5p Promotes Endometrial Cancer Progression by Targeting ALX1. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2510-2520. [PMID: 34104082 PMCID: PMC8176185 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic regulation by promoter methylation-mediated silencing of cancer-related microRNAs plays vital roles in tumorigenesis. MiR-192-5p promotes tumor progression in various human cancers with conflicting biological effects. However, its expression levels and biological functions in endometrial carcinoma (EC) have not been reported. Methods: The methylation status of miR-192-5p in tissue samples and cell lines, was examined using bisulfite sequencing PCR. miR-192-5p expression was also measured. EC cell lines transfected with specifically designed vectors overexpressing miR-192-5p, its target gene ALX1 or both, were constructed. Tumorigenicity of these cell lines were examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assay were employed to verify the target of miR-192-5p. Results: The promoter region of miR-192-5p gene was highly methylated and its expression significantly repressed in EC samples. Moreover, a higher level of promoter methylation as well as a lower expression of miR-192-5p, was significantly associated with advanced Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and shorter disease-free survival in patients with curatively resected EC. Functional studies demonstrated that miR-192-5p overexpression inhibited in vitro tumor progression, in vivo tumorigenicity and the expression of several oncoproteins that was highly related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. ALX1 was verified as a direct target of miR-192-5p and demonstrated to mediate the tumor-suppressive function of miR-192-5p. Conclusion: miR-192-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA that is epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiao Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Tian
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanhui Liang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Ren
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Kitami K, Yoshihara M, Koya Y, Sugiyama M, Iyoshi S, Uno K, Mogi K, Tano S, Fujimoto H, Nawa A, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H. Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor-Dependent Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Activation Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9776. [PMID: 33371469 PMCID: PMC7767511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of death due to its high metastasis rate to the peritoneum. Recurrent peritoneal tumors also develop despite the use of conventional platinum-based chemotherapies. Therefore, it is still important to explore the factors associated with peritoneal metastasis, as these predict the prognosis of patients with OvCa. In this study, we investigated the function of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which contributes to the development of melanoma, in epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa). High MITF expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in OvCa. Notably, MITF contributed to the motility and invasion of OvCa cells, and specifically with their peri-mesothelial migration. In addition, MITF-positive cells expressed the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/CD146), which was initially identified as a marker of melanoma progression and metastasis, and MCAM expression was regulated by MITF. MCAM was also identified as a significant prognostic factor for poor progression-free survival in patients with OvCa. Collectively, our results suggest that MITF is a novel therapeutic target that potentially promotes peritoneal metastasis of OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Kitami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Shohei Iyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaname Uno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kazumasa Mogi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
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13
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Rommereim LM, Akhade AS, Dutta B, Hutcheon C, Lounsbury NW, Rostomily CC, Savan R, Fraser IDC, Germain RN, Subramanian N. A small sustained increase in NOD1 abundance promotes ligand-independent inflammatory and oncogene transcriptional responses. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/661/eaba3244. [PMID: 33293463 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Small, genetically determined differences in transcription [expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)] are implicated in complex diseases through unknown molecular mechanisms. Here, we showed that a small, persistent increase in the abundance of the innate pathogen sensor NOD1 precipitated large changes in the transcriptional state of monocytes. A ~1.2- to 1.3-fold increase in NOD1 protein abundance resulting from loss of regulation by the microRNA cluster miR-15b/16 lowered the threshold for ligand-induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and the MAPK p38. An additional sustained increase in NOD1 abundance to 1.5-fold over basal amounts bypassed this low ligand concentration requirement, resulting in robust ligand-independent induction of proinflammatory genes and oncogenes. These findings reveal that tight regulation of NOD1 abundance prevents this sensor from exceeding a physiological switching checkpoint that promotes persistent inflammation and oncogene expression. Furthermore, our data provide insight into how a quantitatively small change in protein abundance can produce marked changes in cell state that can serve as the initiator of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhaskar Dutta
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0421, USA
| | | | - Nicolas W Lounsbury
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0421, USA
| | | | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0421, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0421, USA
| | - Naeha Subramanian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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14
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Mishra R, Haldar S, Suchanti S, Bhowmick NA. Epigenetic changes in fibroblasts drive cancer metabolism and differentiation. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R673-R688. [PMID: 31627186 PMCID: PMC6859444 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genomic changes that drive cancer initiation and progression contribute to the co-evolution of the adjacent stroma. The nature of the stromal reprogramming involves differential DNA methylation patterns and levels that change in response to the tumor and systemic therapeutic intervention. Epigenetic reprogramming in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts are robust biomarkers for cancer progression and have a transcriptional impact that support cancer epithelial progression in a paracrine manner. For prostate cancer, promoter hypermethylation and silencing of the RasGAP, RASAL3 that resulted in the activation of Ras signaling in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Stromal Ras activity initiated a process of macropinocytosis that provided prostate cancer epithelia with abundant glutamine for metabolic conversion to fuel its proliferation and a signal to transdifferentiate into a neuroendocrine phenotype. This epigenetic oncogenic metabolic/signaling axis seemed to be further potentiated by androgen receptor signaling antagonists and contributed to therapeutic resistance. Intervention of stromal signaling may complement conventional therapies targeting the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mishra
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhash Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Kolkata, India
| | - Surabhi Suchanti
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to N A Bhowmick:
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15
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Zhao J, Wang L, Kong D, Hu G, Wei B. Construction of Novel DNA Methylation-Based Prognostic Model to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:718-728. [PMID: 31460783 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a most aggressive primary cancer in brain with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify novel tumor biomarkers with independent prognostic values in GBMs. The DNA methylation profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential methylated genes (DMGs) were screened from recurrent GBM samples using limma package in R software. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify major biological processes and signaling pathways. Furthermore, critical DMGs associated with the prognosis of GBM were screened according to univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. A risk score-based prognostic model was constructed for these DMGs and prediction ability of this model was validated in training and validation data set. In total, 495 DMGs were identified between recurrent samples and disease-free samples, including 356 significantly hypermethylated and 139 hypomethylated genes. Functional and pathway items for these DMGs were mainly related to sensory organ development, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, etc. Five genes with abnormal methylation level were significantly correlated with prognosis according to survival analysis, such as ALX1, KANK1, NUDT12, SNED1, and SVOP. Finally, the risk model provided an effective ability for prognosis prediction both in training and validation data set. We constructed a novel prognostic model for survival prediction of GBMs. In addition, we identified five DMGs as critical prognostic biomarkers in GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guozhang Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Jia Y, Li H, Liu G, Song F. SMAGP a novel biomarker of cervical cancer development and progression. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6925-6935. [PMID: 30410350 PMCID: PMC6199232 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer, one of the most common malignant gynecological tumors, is a significant burden on the health of females worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate genes associated with lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. Methods We report on the lymph node metastasis-associated gene, small cell adhesion glycoprotein (SMAGP), as a key regulator of cervical cancer development and progression. SMAGP expression levels were investigated in 70 cervical squamous cell carcinoma samples and 10 normal cervical squamous epithelium samples. Results Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that SMAGP protein levels were significantly elevated in cervical cancer tissue compared with normal cervical squamous epithelium. Silencing of SMAGP induced cell cycle arrest, inhibited the cell proliferation and colony formation ability of cervical cancer cells in vitro and suppressed their tumorigenic potential in nude mice. In addition, SMAGP knockdown reduced expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related proteins, including vimentin, β-cadherin, MMP2, and Twist. Conclusion Together, our findings demonstrate that SMAGP plays a critical role in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis and could be a new therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Jia
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Haiyu Li
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Infectious Disease, Chongqing Infectious Disease Medical Center, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Geli Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
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17
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Osborne CC, Perry KJ, Shankland M, Henry JQ. Ectomesoderm and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in spiralian development. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1097-1120. [PMID: 30133032 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiralians (e.g., annelids, molluscs, and flatworms) possess two sources of mesoderm. One is from endodermal precursors (endomesoderm), which is considered to be the ancestral source in metazoans. The second is from ectoderm (ectomesoderm) and may represent a novel cell type in the Spiralia. In the mollusc Crepidula fornicata, ectomesoderm is derived from micromere daughters within the A and B cell quadrants. Their progeny lie along the anterolateral edges of the blastopore. There they undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), become rounded and undergo delamination/ingression. Subsequently, they assume the mesenchymal phenotype, and migrate beneath the surface ectoderm to differentiate various cell types, including muscles and pigment cells. RESULTS We examined expression of several genes whose homologs are known to regulate Type 1 EMT in other metazoans. Most of these genes were expressed within spiralian ectomesoderm during EMT. CONCLUSIONS We propose that spiralian ectomesoderm, which exhibits analogous cellular behaviors to other populations of mesenchymal cells, may be controlled by the same genes that drive EMT in other metazoans. Perhaps these genes comprise a conserved metazoan EMT gene regulatory network (GRN). This study represents the first step in elucidating the GRN controlling the development of a novel spiralian cell type (ectomesoderm). Developmental Dynamics 247:1097-1120, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cornelia Osborne
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kimberly J Perry
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marty Shankland
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Q Henry
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Urbana, Illinois
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18
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Li H, Zhang W, Sun X, Chen J, Li Y, Niu C, Xu B, Zhang Y. Overexpression of kinesin family member 20A is associated with unfavorable clinical outcome and tumor progression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3433-3450. [PMID: 30254487 PMCID: PMC6140728 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s169214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KIF20A plays an indispensable role in cytokinesis regulation, which is important for tumor proliferation and growth. Recently, the oncogenic role of KIF20A has been well documented in several cancers. However, its clinical role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains not reported yet. We investigated its expression and its role in promoting invasion and chemoresistance in EOC cells. Patients and methods KIF20A transcription and translation levels were investigated in normal ovarian epithelial cell, ovarian cancer cells, and 10 pairs of fresh EOC tissues and adjacent normal ovarian tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blots. Moreover, KIF20A protein level was also examined by immunohistochemistry in 150 EOC tissues. The correlation between KIF20A expression and clinical variables was analyzed by statistical methods. We also used wound healing assay, transwell assay MTT, and Annexin V/PI to explore KIF20A functions. Results KIF20A expression was obviously elevated at both mRNA and protein levels in EOC cell lines and clinical cancer tissues compared with normal ovarian epithelial cell and adjacent normal ovarian tissues. KIF20A protein expression was highly correlated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.008), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002), intraperitoneal metastasis (P<0.001), vital status at last follow-up (P<0.001), intraperitoneal recurrence (P=0.030), tumor recurrence (P=0.005), drug resistance (P=0.013), and ascites with tumor cells (P<0.001). KIF20A overexpression was closely related to poorer overall survival and disease progression-free survival. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that KIF20A can act as an independent hazard indicator for predicting clinical outcomes in EOC patients. Interestingly, KIF20A overexpression promoted invasion and metastasis of EOC cells and also confers resistance to cisplatin. Conclusion Our findings indicated that KIF20A overexpression predicts unfavorable clinical outcome, revealing that KIF20A holds a promising potential to serve as a useful prognostic biomarker for EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Weijing Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Jueming Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Yue Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China,
| | - Chunhao Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Benke Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China,
| | - Yanna Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China,
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19
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Hayashi N, Goto M, Itarashiki T, Yonesu A, Sakudo A. Current Plasma Sterilization and Disinfection Studies. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2018. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.31.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Akira Yonesu
- Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Akikazu Sakudo
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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20
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Sanford T, Meng MV, Railkar R, Agarwal PK, Porten SP. Integrative analysis of the epigenetic basis of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:19. [PMID: 29456764 PMCID: PMC5809922 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidation of epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer will lead to further understanding of the biology of the disease and hopefully improved therapies. Our aim was to perform an integrative epigenetic analysis of invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder to identify the epigenetic abnormalities involved in the development and progression of this cancer. Methods Pre-processed methylation data and RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and processed using the R package TCGA-Assembler. An R package MethylMix was used to perform an analysis incorporating both methylation and gene expression data on all samples, as well as a subset analysis comparing patients surviving less than 2 years and patients surviving more than 2 years. Genes associated with poor prognosis were individually queried. Pathway analysis was performed on statistically significant genes identified by MethylMix criteria using ConsensusPathDB. Validation was performed using flow cytometry on bladder cancer cell lines. Results A total of 408 patients met all inclusion criteria. There were a total of 240 genes differentially methylated by MethylMix criteria. Review of individual genes specific to poor-prognosis patients revealed the majority to be candidate tumor suppressors in other cancer types. Pathway analysis showed increase in methylation of genes involved in antioxidant pathways including glutathione and NRF2. Genes involved in estrogen metabolism were also hypermethylated while genes involved in the EGFR pathway were found to be hypomethylated. EGFR expression was confirmed to be elevated in six bladder cancer cell lines. Conclusions In patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma, we found differential methylation in patients with better and worse prognosis after cystectomy. Differentially methylated genes are involved in many relevant oncologic pathways, including EGFR and antioxidant pathways, that may be a target for therapy or chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sanford
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10—Hatfield CRC, Room 2-5952, Bethesda, MD 20892-1210 USA
| | - Maxwell V. Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California, Mail code 1695, 550 16th Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Reema Railkar
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10—Hatfield CRC, Room 2-5952, Bethesda, MD 20892-1210 USA
| | - Piyush K. Agarwal
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10—Hatfield CRC, Room 2-5952, Bethesda, MD 20892-1210 USA
| | - Sima P. Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California, Mail code 1695, 550 16th Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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21
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Anello L, Cavalieri V, Di Bernardo M. Developmental effects of the protein kinase inhibitor kenpaullone on the sea urchin embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:36-44. [PMID: 29128602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The selection and validation of bioactive compounds require multiple approaches, including in-depth analyses of their biological activity in a whole-animal context. We exploited the sea urchin embryo in a rapid, medium-scale range screening to test the effects of the small synthetic kinase inhibitor kenpaullone. We show that sea urchin embryos specifically respond to this molecule depending on both dose and timing of administration. Phenotypic effects of kenpaullone are not immediately visible, since this molecule affects neither the fertilization nor the spatial arrangement of blastomeres at early developmental stages. Nevertheless, kenpaullone exposure from the beginning of embryogenesis profoundly perturbs specification, detachment from the epithelium, and migration of the primary mesenchyme cells, thus affecting the whole embryonic epithelial mesenchymal transition process. Our results reaffirm the sea urchin embryo as an excellent and sensitive in vivo system, which provides straightforward and rapid response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Anello
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Di Bernardo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Hou L, Hou X, Wang L, Li Z, Xin B, Chen J, Gao X, Mu H. PD98059 impairs the cisplatin-resistance of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing ERK pathway and epithelial mesenchymal transition process. Cancer Biomark 2017; 21:187-194. [PMID: 29103028 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zenghui Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Beibei Xin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Mu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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23
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Liu W, Chen Y, Xie H, Guo Y, Ren D, Li Y, Jing X, Li D, Wang X, Zhao M, Zhu T, Wang Z, Wei X, Gao F, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Yi F. TIPE1 suppresses invasion and migration through down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1103-1117. [PMID: 28994231 PMCID: PMC5783849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasiveness and metastasis of gastric cancer. Therefore, identifying key molecules involved in EMT will provide new therapeutic strategy for treating patients with gastric cancer. TIPE1 is a newly identified member of the TIPE (TNFAIP8) family, and its contributions to progression and metastasis have not been evaluated. In this study, we found that the levels of TIPE1 were significantly reduced and inversely correlated with differentiation status and distant metastasis in primary gastric cancer tissues. We further observed overexpression of TIPE1 in aggressive gastric cancer cell lines decreased their metastatic properties both in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by markedly inhibiting EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Consistently, gene silencing of TIPE1 in well‐differentiated gastric cancer cell line (AGS) inhibited these processes. Mechanistically, we found that TIPE1‐medicated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling was one of the critical signal transduction pathways that link TIPE1 to EMT inhibition. Importantly, TIPE1 dramatically restrained the expression and activities of MMP2 and MMP9 which are demonstrated to promote tumour progression and are implicated in EMT. Collectively, these findings provide new evidence for a better understanding of the biological activities of TIPE1 in progression and metastasis of gastric cancer and suggest that TIPE1 may be an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Taishan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yongmin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peoples Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianfeng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinbing Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Suxia Liu
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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24
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Kong G, Jiang Y, Sun X, Cao Z, Zhang G, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Cheng G. Irisin reverses the IL-6 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion through the STAT3/Snail signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2647-2656. [PMID: 29048621 PMCID: PMC5780017 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel discovered myokine, irisin is considered to be a promising candidate for the treatment of metabolic disorders and cancer. However, little is known about the anti-metastasic effect of irisin on osteosarcoma cells and its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of irisin on the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and the underlying mechanisms involved. Viability and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells were examined by MTT assay. Then, by using scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assays, we evaluated migratory and invasive ability of the cells, respectively. Moreover, the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining after treatment with IL-6 and irisin. Furthermore, the expression of ERK, p38, STAT3 and Snail were detected by western blot analysis. Finally, an inhibitor of STAT3, WP1066 was applied to testify the effect of irisin on the expression of EMT markers and Snail. It was found that irisin treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, irisin reversed the IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells by regulating the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9. In addition, irisin suppressed the IL-6-activated phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of Snail in osteosarcoma cells. Finally, blockade of STAT3 by WP1066 (a STAT3 inhibitor) further enhanced the effect of irisin on the EMT and Snail expression in osteosarcoma cells. Collectively, our findings revealed that irisin may play a critical role in the IL-6-induced EMT of osteosarcoma cells via the STAT3/Snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Xiujiang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
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25
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Ohara K, Arai E, Takahashi Y, Ito N, Shibuya A, Tsuta K, Kushima R, Tsuda H, Ojima H, Fujimoto H, Watanabe SI, Katai H, Kinoshita T, Shibata T, Kohno T, Kanai Y. Genes involved in development and differentiation are commonly methylated in cancers derived from multiple organs: a single-institutional methylome analysis using 1007 tissue specimens. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:241-251. [PMID: 28069692 PMCID: PMC5862281 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of DNA methylation alterations shared by cancers derived from multiple organs. We analyzed single-institutional methylome data by single-CpG-resolution Infinium assay for 1007 samples of non-cancerous tissue (N) and corresponding cancerous tissue (T) obtained from lung, stomach, kidney, breast and liver. Principal component analysis revealed that N samples of each organ showed distinct DNA methylation profiles, DNA methylation profiles of N samples of each organ being inherited by the corresponding T samples and DNA methylation profiles of T samples being more similar to those of N samples in the same organ than those of T samples in other organs. In contrast to such organ and/or carcinogenetic factor-specificity of DNA methylation profiles, when compared with the corresponding N samples, 231 genes commonly showed DNA hypermethylation in T samples in four or more organs. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that such commonly methylated genes were enriched among “transcriptional factors” participating in development and/or differentiation, which reportedly show bivalent histone modification in embryonic stem cells. Pyrosequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed an inverse correlation between DNA methylation levels and mRNA expression levels of representative commonly methylated genes, such as ALX1, ATP8A2, CR1 and EFCAB1, in tissue samples. These data suggest that disruption of the differentiated state of precancerous cells via alterations of expression, independent of differences in organs and/or carcinogenetic factors, may be a common feature of DNA methylation alterations during carcinogenesis in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ohara
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Arai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoriko Takahashi
- Biomedical Department, Solution Center, Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo 105-6215, Japan
| | - Nanako Ito
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ayako Shibuya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takayuki Kinoshita
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan and
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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26
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Xu Y, Tai W, Qu X, Wu W, Li Z, Deng S, Vongphouttha C, Dong Z. Rapamycin protects against paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28624451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide indeveloping countries worldwide, and pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most typical features of PQ poisoning. The molecular mechanism of PQ toxicity especially how to treat PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis is still largely unknown. In animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, we used HE staining, western blotting assay and Real-time PCR assay to analyze the effects of rapamycin on the PQ-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that PQ induced the pulmonary fibrosis using HE staining and Masson's staining, and up-regulated the activity of HYP and the mRNA expressions of Collagen I and III (COL-1and COL-3) in pulmonary tissues. We also found that rapamycin down-regulated the mesenchymal cell marker Vimentin and up-regulated the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin both in mRNA and protein levels compared with PQ group. And the EMT associated transcription factor Snail was decreased by rapamycin treatment compared with PQ group. And PQ decreased the Nrf2 expression both in mRNA and protein levels, and rapamycin inhibited these effects of PQ. SFN, a activator of Nrf2, could inhibit the EMT and the expression of Snail. And knockdowon of Nrf2 could abolish the inhibitory effects of rapamycin of PQ-induced EMT. In conclusion, rapamycin protects against paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - ZhenKun Li
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shuhao Deng
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chanthasone Vongphouttha
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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27
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Mansour MA, Senga T. HOXD8 exerts a tumor-suppressing role in colorectal cancer as an apoptotic inducer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:1-13. [PMID: 28457970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes are conserved transcription factors which determine the anterior-posterior body axis patterning. HOXD8 is a member of HOX genes deregulated in several tumors such as lung carcinoma, neuroblastoma, glioma and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a context-dependent manner. In CRC, HOXD8 is downregulated in cancer tissues and metastatic foci as compared to normal tissues. Whether HOXD8 acts as a tumor suppressor of malignant progression and metastasis is still unclear. Also, the underlying mechanism of its function including the downstream targets is totally unknown. Here, we clarified the lower expression of HOXD8 in clinical colorectal cancer vs. normal colon tissues. Also, we showed that stable expression of HOXD8 in colorectal cancer cells significantly reduced the cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and invasion. Further, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified the genes associated with HOXD8 in order to demonstrate its function as a suppressor or a promoter of colorectal carcinoma. Among inversely related genes, apoptotic inhibitors like STK38 kinase and MYC were shown to be negatively associated with HOXD8. We demonstrated the ability of HOXD8 to upregulate executioner caspases 6 & 7 and cleaved PARP, thus inducing the apoptotic events in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mansour
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Takeshi Senga
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
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28
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Zhou W, Mo X, Cui W, Zhang Z, Li D, Li L, Xu L, Yao H, Gao J. Nrf2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing snail expression during pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38646. [PMID: 27982105 PMCID: PMC5159829 DOI: 10.1038/srep38646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenotype conversion that plays a critical role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). It is known that snail could regulate the progression of EMT. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of antioxidant defense system, protects cells against oxidative stress. However, it is not known whether Nrf2 regulates snail thereby modulating the development of PF. Here, bleomycin (BLM) was intratracheally injected into both Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-/-) and wild-type mice to compare the development of PF. Rat type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) were treated with a specific Nrf2 activator sulforaphane, or transfected with Nrf2 and snail siRNAs to determine their effects on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT. We found that BLM-induced EMT and lung fibrosis were more severe in Nrf2-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. In vitro, sulforaphane treatment attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT, accompanied by the down-regulation of snail. Inversely, silencing Nrf2 by siRNA enhanced TGF-β1-induced EMT along with increased expression of snail. Interestingly, when snail was silenced by siRNA, sulforaphane treatment was unable to reduce the progression of EMT in RLE-6TN cells. These findings suggest that Nrf2 attenuates EMT and fibrosis process by regulating the expression of snail in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoting Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wenhui Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.,The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Delin Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Liucheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Liang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
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29
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Shao L, Li H, Chen J, Song H, Zhang Y, Wu F, Wang W, Zhang W, Wang F, Li H, Tang D. Irisin suppresses the migration, proliferation, and invasion of lung cancer cells via inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 485:598-605. [PMID: 27986567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is involved in promoting metabolism, immune regulation, and affects chronic inflammation in many systemic diseases, including gastric cancer. However, the role of irisin in lung cancer is not well characterized. To determine whether irisin has a protective effect against lung cancer, we cultured A549 and NCI-H446 lung cancer cells and treated them with irisin. We detected the proliferation by MTT assay, and assessed the migration and invasion of the cells by scratch wound healing assay and Tran-swell assay. The expression levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the related signaling pathways were detected by western blot analysis. Meanwhile, an inhibitor of PI3K was used to investigate the effect of irsin. Finally, the expression of Snail was detected. We demonstrated that irisin inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells, and has a novel role in mediating the PI3K/AKT pathway in the cells. Irisin can reverse the activity of EMT and inhibit the expression of Snail via mediating the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is a key regulator of Snail. These results revealed that irisin inhibited EMT and reduced the invasion of lung cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China; Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Huanjie Li
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Haibo Song
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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30
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Bernaudo S, Salem M, Qi X, Zhou W, Zhang C, Yang W, Rosman D, Deng Z, Ye G, Yang B, Vanderhyden B, Wu Z, Peng C. Cyclin G2 inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4816-27. [PMID: 26876206 PMCID: PMC5024152 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies owing to poor screening methods, non-specific symptoms and limited knowledge of the cellular targets that contribute to the disease. Cyclin G2 is an unconventional cyclin that acts to oppose cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of the cyclin G2 gene (CCNG2) in a variety of human cancers has been reported; however, the role of cyclin G2 in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of cyclin G2 in EOC. In vitro and in vivo studies using several EOC-derived tumor cell lines revealed that cyclin G2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and spheroid formation, as well as tumor formation and invasion. By interrogating cDNA microarray data sets, we found that CCGN2 mRNA is reduced in several large cohorts of human ovarian carcinoma when compared with normal ovarian surface epithelium or borderline tumors of the ovary. Mechanistically, cyclin G2 was found to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as demonstrated by the differential regulation of various EMT genes, such as Snail, Slug, vimentin and E-cadherin. Moreover, cyclin G2 potently suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by downregulating key Wnt components, namely LRP6, DVL2 and β-catenin, which could be linked to inhibition of EMT. Taken together, our novel findings demonstrate that cyclin G2 has potent tumor-suppressive effects in EOCs by inhibiting EMT through attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernaudo
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Salem
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - X Qi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Zhou
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Rosman
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Deng
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Ye
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Zhang X, Wang L, Wang Y, Shi S, Zhu H, Xiao F, Yang J, Yang A, Hao X. Inhibition of FOXQ1 induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in prostate cancer cells by controlling BCL11A/MDM2 expression. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2349-56. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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32
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Cheng Z, Guo Y, Yang Y, Kan J, Dai S, Helian M, Li B, Xu J, Liu C. Nitidine chloride suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion through Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1023-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Histone demethylase RBP2 promotes malignant progression of gastric cancer through TGF-β1-(p-Smad3)-RBP2-E-cadherin-Smad3 feedback circuit. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17661-74. [PMID: 25974964 PMCID: PMC4627336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some feedback pathways are critical in the process of tumor development or malignant progression. However the mechanisms through which these pathways are epigenetically regulated have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the histone demethylase RBP2 was crucial for TGF-β1-(p-Smad3)-RBP2-E-cadherin-Smad3 feedback circuit that was implicated in malignant progression of tumors and its knockdown significantly inhibited gastric cancer (GC) metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RBP2 can directly bind to E-cadherin promoter and suppress its expression, facilitating EMT and distant metastasis of GC. RBP2 can also be induced by TGF-β1, a key inducer of EMT, through phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) pathway in GC. The upregulated RBP2 can be recruited by p-smad3 to E-cadherin promoter and enhance its suppression, contributing to the promotion of metastasis of GC. In addition, the suppression of E-cadherin by RBP2 attenuated inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation (exerted by E-cadherin), resulting further induction of RBP2 expression, and thus constituting positive feedback regulation during GC malignant progression. This TGF-β1-(p-Smad3)-RBP2- E-cadherin-Smad3 feedback circuit may be a novel mechanism for GC malignant progression and suppression of RBP2 expression may serve as a new strategy for the prevention of tumor distant metastasis.
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Yuan H, Kajiyama H, Ito S, Chen D, Shibata K, Hamaguchi M, Kikkawa F, Senga T. HOXB13 and ALX4 induce SLUG expression for the promotion of EMT and cell invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13359-70. [PMID: 25944620 PMCID: PMC4537020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeoproteins, a family of transcription factors that have conserved homeobox domains, play critical roles in embryonic development in a wide range of species. Accumulating studies have revealed that homeoproteins are aberrantly expressed in multiple tumors and function as either tumor promoters or suppressors. In this study, we show that two homeoproteins, HOXB13 and ALX4, are associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. HOXB13 and ALX4 formed a complex in cells, and exogenous expression of either protein promoted EMT and invasion. Conversely, depletion of either protein suppressed invasion and induced reversion of EMT. SLUG is a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that promotes EMT in various cell lines. Knockdown of HOXB13 or ALX4 suppressed SLUG expression, and exogenous expression of either protein promoted SLUG expression. Finally, we showed that SLUG expression was essential for the HOXB13- or ALX4-mediated EMT and invasion. Our results show that HOXB13/SLUG and ALX4/SLUG axes are novel pathways that promote EMT and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoko Ito
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Dan Chen
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michinari Hamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Senga
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Ngo HKC, Lee HG, Piao JY, Zhong X, Lee HN, Han HJ, Kim W, Kim DH, Cha YN, Na HK, Surh YJ. Helicobacter pyloriinduces Snail expression through ROS-mediated activation of Erk and inactivation of GSK-3β in human gastric cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2236-2246. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Kieu-Chi Ngo
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hee Geum Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Juan-Yu Piao
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Xiancai Zhong
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Han
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Young-Nam Cha
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; Inha University; Incheon South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Sungshin Women's University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center; College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
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Kok DEG, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Lute C, Heil SG, Uitterlinden AG, van der Velde N, van Meurs JBJ, van Schoor NM, Hooiveld GJEJ, de Groot LCPGM, Kampman E, Steegenga WT. The effects of long-term daily folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation in elderly subjects. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:121. [PMID: 26568774 PMCID: PMC4644301 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate and its synthetic form folic acid function as donor of one-carbon units and have been, together with other B-vitamins, implicated in programming of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation during early development. To what extent regulation of DNA methylation can be altered via B-vitamins later in life, and how this relates to health and disease, is not exactly known. The aim of this study was to identify effects of long-term supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 on genome-wide DNA methylation in elderly subjects. This project was part of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial on effects of supplemental intake of folic acid and vitamin B12 on bone fracture incidence (B-vitamins for the PRevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) study). Participants with mildly elevated homocysteine levels, aged 65-75 years, were randomly assigned to take 400 μg folic acid and 500 μg vitamin B12 per day or a placebo during an intervention period of 2 years. DNA was isolated from buffy coats, collected before and after intervention, and genome-wide DNA methylation was determined in 87 participants (n = 44 folic acid/vitamin B12, n = 43 placebo) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. RESULTS After intervention with folic acid and vitamin B12, 162 (versus 14 in the placebo group) of the 431,312 positions were differentially methylated as compared to baseline. Comparisons of the DNA methylation changes in the participants receiving folic acid and vitamin B12 versus placebo revealed one single differentially methylated position (cg19380919) with a borderline statistical significance. However, based on the analyses of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) consisting of multiple positions, we identified 6 regions that differed statistically significantly between the intervention and placebo group. Pronounced changes were found for regions in the DIRAS3, ARMC8, and NODAL genes, implicated in carcinogenesis and early embryonic development. Furthermore, serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 or plasma homocysteine were related to DNA methylation of 173, 425, and 11 regions, respectively. Interestingly, for several members of the developmental HOX genes, DNA methylation was related to serum levels of folate. CONCLUSIONS Long-term supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 in elderly subjects resulted in effects on DNA methylation of several genes, among which genes implicated in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien Lute
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Stepicheva NA, Song JL. microRNA-31 modulates skeletal patterning in the sea urchin embryo. Development 2015; 142:3769-80. [PMID: 26400092 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that repress the translation and reduce the stability of target mRNAs in animal cells. microRNA-31 (miR-31) is known to play a role in cancer, bone formation and lymphatic development. However, studies to understand the function of miR-31 in embryogenesis have been limited. We examined the regulatory role of miR-31 in early development using the sea urchin as a model. miR-31 is expressed at all stages of development and its knockdown (KD) disrupts the patterning and function of primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs), which form the embryonic skeleton spicules. We identified that miR-31 directly represses Pmar1, Alx1, Snail and VegfR7 within the PMC gene regulatory network using reporter constructs. Further, blocking the miR-31-mediated repression of Alx1 and/or VegfR7 in the developing embryo resulted in defects in PMC patterning and skeletogenesis. The majority of the mislocalized PMCs in miR-31 KD embryos did not express VegfR10, indicating that miR-31 regulates VegfR gene expression within PMCs. In addition, miR-31 indirectly suppresses Vegf3 expression in the ectoderm. These results indicate that miR-31 coordinately suppresses genes within the PMCs and in the ectoderm to impact PMC patterning and skeletogenesis. This study identifies the novel function and molecular mechanism of miR-31-mediated regulation in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda A Stepicheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jia L Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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38
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Li J, Wang Q, Wen R, Liang J, Zhong X, Yang W, Su D, Tang J. MiR-138 inhibits cell proliferation and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting GIT1 and SEMA4C. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2793-805. [PMID: 26283050 PMCID: PMC4687704 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumours worldwide with a poor 5-year survival rate. Recent studies indicated that miRNAs have been involved in the tumorigenic driver pathways in NSCLC, but the relevant molecular mechanisms are not well-understood. In this study, we investigated the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-138 in human NSCLC. The effects of miR-138 on the NSCLC cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were first examined. Then the targeting connections of miR-138 with G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) and semaphorin 4C (SEMA4C) were confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assays. Finally, the effects of GIT1 and SEMA4C on the NSCLC cell growth and EMT were investigated respectively. We found that the ectopic expression of miR-138 resulted in a significant inhibition of NSCLC growth and reversion of EMT. GIT1 and SEMA4C were identified as two novel targets of miR-138. Furthermore, GIT1 and SEMA4C knockdown inhibited the cell growth and reversed EMT, just like the effects of miR-138 overexpression on NSCLC cells, whereas ectopic expression of GIT1 and SEMA4C partly rescued the suppressive effects of miR-138 in NSCLC cells. These data represent a crucial step towards the understanding of the novel roles and molecular mechanism of miR-138, GIT1 and SEMA4C in NSCLC progression, which may provide some new targets or prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC treatment, thus having implications in translational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Li
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiling Wen
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieman Liang
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxiang Su
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- KingMed Diagnostics and KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang Y, Zhao M, Xu H, Wang K, Fu Z, Jiang Y, Yao Z. RASAL2 down-regulation in ovarian cancer promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6734-45. [PMID: 25216515 PMCID: PMC4196159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and transcoelomic metastasis is responsible for the greatest disease mortality. Although intensive efforts have been made, the mechanism behind this process remains unclear. RASAL2 is a GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which was recently reported as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. In this study, we identified RASAL2 as a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in ovarian cancer. RASAL2 was down-regulated in ovarian cancer samples compared with normal tissue samples, especially in advanced stages and grades. RASAL2 knockdown in ovarian cancer cell lines promoted in vitro anchorage-independent growth, cell migration and invasion and in vivo tumor formation. Moreover, we observed EMT in RASAL2-depleted cells. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion was attenuated, and mesenchymal markers were up-regulated. Further investigation revealed that the oncogenic role of RASAL2 down-regulation was mediated by the Ras-ERK pathway. RASAL2 knockdown activated the Ras-ERK pathway, and inhibition of the pathway reversed the functional effects of RASAL2 depletion. Together, our results implicate RASAL2 as an EMT regulator and tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer, and down-regulation of RASAL2 promotes ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P.R. China. Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Haixu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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40
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Zhao F, Wang M, Li S, Bai X, Bi H, Liu Y, Ao X, Jia Z, Wu H. DACH1 inhibits SNAI1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and represses breast carcinoma metastasis. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e143. [PMID: 25775416 PMCID: PMC5399170 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a major role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the specific mechanism of transcriptional repression involved in this process remains largely unknown. Dachshund homologue 1 (DACH1) expression is lost in invasive breast cancer with poor prognosis, and the role of DACH1 in regulating breast cancer metastasis is poorly understood. In this study, significant correlation between the expression of DACH1 and the morphology of breast cancer cells was observed. Subsequent investigation into the relationship between DACH1 and EMT showed that overexpression of DACH1 in ZR-75-30 cells induced a shift towards epithelial morphology and cell-cell adhesion, as well as increased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and suppressed cell migration and invasion. In contrast, silencing DACH1 in MCF-7 and T47D cells disrupted the epithelial morphology and cell-cell contact, reduced the expression of E-cadherin, and induced cell migration and invasion. DACH1 also specifically interacted with SNAI1, but not SNAI2, to form a complex, which could bind to the E-box on the E-cadherin promoter in an SNAI1-dependent manner. DACH1 inhibited the transcriptional activity of SNAI1, leading to the activation of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the level of DACH1 also correlated with the extent of metastasis in a mouse model. DACH1 overexpression significantly decreased the metastasis and growth of 4T1/Luc cells in BALB/c mice. Analysis of tissue samples taken from human breast cancers showed a significant correlation between the expression of DACH1 and E-cadherin in SNAI1-positive breast cancer. Collectively, our data identified a new mechanistic pathway for the regulation of EMT and metastasis of breast cancer cells, one that is based on the regulation of E-cadherin expression by direct DACH1-SNAI1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - M Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - S Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - X Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - H Bi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Y Liu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - X Ao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Z Jia
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - H Wu
- 1] School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China [2] School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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41
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Yang M, Pan Y, Zhou Y. Depletion of ALX1 causes inhibition of migration and induction of apoptosis in human osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5965-70. [PMID: 25736924 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor in children and young adults, and the molecular regulation of the invasion of osteosarcoma (OS) remains unknown. In this study, we found that increased expression of ALX1 was associated with the progression of osteosarcoma and that ALX1 protein levels were significantly elevated in matched distant metastases. High ALX1 levels also predict shorter overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting ALX1 expression using the technique of RNA silencing via short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Synthetic shRNA duplexes against ALX1 were introduced to downregulate the expression of ALX1 in a highly malignant osteosarcoma cell line, U2OS. The results obtained indicated that shRNA targeting of ALX1 could lead to an efficient and specific inhibition of endogenous ALX1 activity. Furthermore, we found that depletion of ALX1 caused a dramatic cell cycle arrest, followed by massive apoptotic cell death, and eventually resulted in a significant decrease in migration and invasion of the osteosarcoma cell line studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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42
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SUGIYAMA MAI, HASEGAWA HITOKI, ITO SATOKO, SUGIYAMA KAZUYA, MAEDA MASAO, AOKI KOSUKE, WAKABAYASHI TOSHIHIKO, HAMAGUCHI MICHINARI, NATSUME ATSUSHI, SENGA TAKESHI. Paired related homeobox 1 is associated with the invasive properties of glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1123-30. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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43
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LIU TIANFENG, LIU PEISHU, DING FENG, YU NINA, LI SHIHONG, WANG SURONG, ZHANG XIAOFEI, SUN XIANGXIU, CHEN YING, WANG FENG, ZHAO YUNHE, LI BO. Ampelopsin reduces the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:861-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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44
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B-Myb regulates snail expression to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancer cell. Med Oncol 2014; 32:412. [PMID: 25502082 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, which is closely related to metastasis. Recent studies argue that breast cancer cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire aggressive malignant properties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition are poorly understood. In this study, we found that siRNA-mediated attenuation of B-Myb expression restored E-cadherin expression and cell-cell junction formation in breast cancer cells, suppressing cell invasion, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation. In contrast, the forced B-Myb expression decreased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, but increased the mesenchymal markers in breast cancer cells. We found that B-Myb upregulated expression of the key EMT regulator snail and that it mediated EMT activation and cell invasion by B-Myb.
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45
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The SNAI1 3'UTR functions as a sponge for multiple migration-/invasion-related microRNAs. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1067-72. [PMID: 25326810 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated a large-scale regulatory network generated by 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) in cancer. The 3'UTRs act not only in cis but, most likely even more importantly, as trans regulators of gene expression, consequently leading to phenotypic alterations. Here, we found that ectopic expression of SNAI1 3'UTR induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell line RMUG-L without significantly affecting cell viability. Additionally, SNAI1 3'UTR overexpression regulated key epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including SNAI1, Vimentin, and E-cadherin, and functioned as a sponge for multiple migration-/invasion-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in RMUG-L cells. These findings revealed the noncoding function of SNAI1 for the first time.
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46
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Zhou XM, Zhang H, Han X. Role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition proteins in gynecological cancers: pathological and therapeutic perspectives. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9523-30. [PMID: 25168372 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecorelogic cancers like ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers are among the major threats to modern life, especially to female health. Like some other types of cancers, all of these gynecological cancers have found to be associated with the developmental stage epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). More specifically, the aberrant expression of major EMT markers, such as lower expressions of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin, and overexpressions of N-cadherin, beta-catenin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinases, have been reported in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. The transcription factors, such as Twist, Snail, Slug, and Zeb, which regulate these EMT mediators, are also reported to be overexpressed in gynecological cancers. In addition to the over/lower expression, the promoter methylation of some of these genes has been identified too. In the era of target-specific cancer therapeutics, some promising studies showed that targeting EMT markers might be an interesting and successful tool in future cancer therapy. In this study, we have reviewed the recent development in the research on the association of EMT markers with three major gynecological cancers in the perspectives of carcinogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhou
- Department of Gynaecolgy and Obstetrics, Shenzhen FuTian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 Beihuan Blvd., Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, China,
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47
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Liu B, Han SM, Tang XY, Han L, Li CZ. Overexpressed FOXC2 in ovarian cancer enhances the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2545-54. [PMID: 24700112 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly invasive and metastatic disease with poor prognosis, particularly if this disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage, which is often the case. Researchers have argued that ovarian cancer cells that have undergone epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire aggressive malignant properties; however, the relevant molecular mechanisms in this setting are poorly understood. In cancer cases, the transcription factor forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) has been detected, but the function of this factor in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis remains unclear. In the present study, FOXC2 was overexpressed in invasive ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues. The invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells was significantly increased by ectopic FOXC2 expression but it was significantly decreased by RNA interference targeting FOXC2. E‑cadherin and vimentin expression levels were modulated by FOXC2. These results indicated that FOXC2 was required for the maintenance of the mesenchymal phenotype after TGF‑β1 induced EMT in human ovarian cancer cells. Thus, FOXC2 or its associated gene expression program may provide an effective target for anti-EMT-based therapies. These therapies can then be performed to treat invasive ovarian tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Mei Han
- Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yong Tang
- Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Li Han
- Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Zhong Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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48
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Sekiya R, Maeda M, Yuan H, Asano E, Hyodo T, Hasegawa H, Ito S, Shibata K, Hamaguchi M, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H, Senga T. PLAGL2 regulates actin cytoskeletal architecture and cell migration. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1993-2001. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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49
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Guo F, Cogdell D, Hu L, Yang D, Sood AK, Xue F, Zhang W. MiR-101 suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2 in ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2021-8. [PMID: 24677166 PMCID: PMC4020617 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy; the majority of patients succumb to the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. The poor survival rate is attributed to diagnosis at advanced stage, when the tumor has metastasized. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a necessary step toward metastatic tumor progression. Through integrated computational analysis, we recently identified a master microRNA (miRNA) network that includes miR-101 and regulates EMT in ovarian carcinoma. In the present study, we characterized the functions of miR-101. Using reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that miR-101 suppressed the expression of the E-cadherin repressors ZEB1 and ZEB2 by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of both ZEB1 and ZEB2. Introduction of miR-101 significantly inhibited EMT and cell migration and invasion. Introducing cDNAs of ZEB1 and ZEB2 without 3'UTR abrogated miR-101-induced EMT alteration, respectively. Our findings showed that miR-101 represents a redundant mechanism for the miR-200 family that regulates EMT through two major E-cadherin transcriptional repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Cogdell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Saunders LR, McClay DR. Sub-circuits of a gene regulatory network control a developmental epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Development 2014; 141:1503-13. [PMID: 24598159 DOI: 10.1242/dev.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental cell state change that transforms epithelial to mesenchymal cells during embryonic development, adult tissue repair and cancer metastasis. EMT includes a complex series of intermediate cell state changes including remodeling of the basement membrane, apical constriction, epithelial de-adhesion, directed motility, loss of apical-basal polarity, and acquisition of mesenchymal adhesion and polarity. Transcriptional regulatory state changes must ultimately coordinate the timing and execution of these cell biological processes. A well-characterized gene regulatory network (GRN) in the sea urchin embryo was used to identify the transcription factors that control five distinct cell changes during EMT. Single transcription factors were perturbed and the consequences followed with in vivo time-lapse imaging or immunostaining assays. The data show that five different sub-circuits of the GRN control five distinct cell biological activities, each part of the complex EMT process. Thirteen transcription factors (TFs) expressed specifically in pre-EMT cells were required for EMT. Three TFs highest in the GRN specified and activated EMT (alx1, ets1, tbr) and the 10 TFs downstream of those (tel, erg, hex, tgif, snail, twist, foxn2/3, dri, foxb, foxo) were also required for EMT. No single TF functioned in all five sub-circuits, indicating that there is no EMT master regulator. Instead, the resulting sub-circuit topologies suggest EMT requires multiple simultaneous regulatory mechanisms: forward cascades, parallel inputs and positive-feedback lock downs. The interconnected and overlapping nature of the sub-circuits provides one explanation for the seamless orchestration by the embryo of cell state changes leading to successful EMT.
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