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Zhang W, An EK, Kim SJ, Park HB, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Escherichia coli adhesion protein FimH exacerbates colitis via CD11b +CD103 - dendritic cell activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284770. [PMID: 38077339 PMCID: PMC10703180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune stimulators are used to improve vaccine efficiency; however, they are accompanied by various side effects. In previous studies, we reported that the Escherichia coli adhesion protein, FimH, induces immune activity; however, we did not examine any side effects in colon inflammation. Methods FimH was administered orally or intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and changes in symptoms were observed. Immune cells infiltrated into the colon after the induction of colon inflammation were analyzed using a flow cytometer. Changes in Th1 and Th17 cells that induce colitis were analyzed. Further, mesenteric lymph node (mLN) dendritic cells (DCs) activated by FimH were identified and isolated to examine their ability to induce T-cell immunity. Results FimH oral and i.p. administration in C57BL/6 mice did not induce inflammation in the colon; however, DSS-induced colitis was exacerbated by oral and i.p. FimH administration. FimH treatment increased immune cell infiltration in the colon compared to that in DSS colitis. Th1 and Th17 cells, which are directly related to colitis, were increased in the colon by FimH; however, FimH did not directly affect the differentiation of these T cells. FimH upregulated the CD11b+CD103- DC activity in the mLNs, which produced the signature cytokines required for Th1 and Th17. In addition, isolated CD11b+CD103- DCs, after stimulation with FimH, directly induced Th1 and Th17 differentiation in a co-culture of CD4 T cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated the side effects of FimH and indicated that the use of FimH can aggravate the disease in patients with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Microbiology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Department of Microbiology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C. W. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Microbiology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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An Updated Review on Recent Advances in the Usage of Novel Therapeutic Peptides for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Liu J, Liu Y, Kirschen G, Liu A, Lei J, Burd I. Sex-specific differences in T-cell immune dysregulation and aberrant response to inflammatory stimuli in offspring exposed to maternal chronic inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13665. [PMID: 36504421 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEMS Maternal chronic inflammation (MI) can adversely affect offspring's immune development resulting in dysregulation of splenic T cells. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) contributes to mediating inflammation in the placenta to induce fetal toxicity and cause long-term postnatal sequelae. In this study, we investigated how MI affects the T-cell immune development from the fetal to the neonatal period and how offspring responded to postnatal IL-1β challenge when exposed to an adverse intrauterine environment. We also extend these studies to examine the sex-specific differences. METHODS OF STUDY Time-pregnant CD1 dams were administrated with four consecutive injections of mouse recombinant Interleukin-1β (rIL-1β) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from embryonic day (E)14 to E17. Pups were treated with rIL-1β or PBS at postnatal day (PND)11 (pre-weaning) or PND24 (post-weaning). Pups' splenic immune cells were isolated and then characterized using flow cytometry. RESULTS At PND12, no differences were observed either in Ctrl or MI offspring. At PND25, we observed elevated amount of CD8+ T cells, descending CD4+ /CD8+ and Treg/Teff ratio in MI offspring. Pre-weaning rIL-1β administration did not affect T-cell subpopulation in Ctrl pups while post-weaning rIL-1β administration increased T cells and CD8+ T cells and decreased CD4+ /CD8+ and Treg/Teff ratio in Ctrl offspring. Furthermore, pre-weaning rIL-1β administration decreased the frequency of T cells and Treg/Teff ratio in MI pups while post-weaning rIL-1β administration increased Tregs and Treg/Teff in MI pups. Regarding sex-specific changes, we observed that at PND12, MI females exhibited higher CD4+ /CD8+ and Treg/Teff ratio than Ctrl females. At PND25, we observed elevated amount of CD8+ T cells, descending CD4+ /CD8+ and Treg/Teff ratio in MI Females, while MI males did not show any changes in T-cell population. Pre-weaning rIL-1β administration decreased T-cell frequency in both MI males and females and decreased Treg/Teff ratio only in MI females. Post-weaning rIL-1β administration increased Tregs and Treg/Teff ratio, and decreased CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in MI females. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal-inflammation-exposed offspring exhibited dysfunctional T-cell immunity and regulatory immune responses to postnatal challenges, showing both sex-specific and age-dependent differences. It could be speculated from our results that experiencing environmental challenges or adverse stimuli during the vulnerable intrauterine period, such as maternal chronic inflammation, stress, preterm birth, and chronic infections, might induce fetal immune reprogramming and potentially cause long-term adverse immune consequences, such as a predisposition to allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, asthma and pediatric mortality of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Kirschen
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anguo Liu
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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Roy G, Chakraborty A, Swami B, Pal L, Ahuja C, Basak S, Bhaskar S. Type 1 interferon mediated signaling is indispensable for eliciting anti-tumor responses by Mycobacterium indicus pranii. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104711. [PMID: 37122749 PMCID: PMC10140407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The evolving tumor secretes various immunosuppressive factors that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) to become immunologically cold. Consequently, various immunosuppressive cells like Tregs are recruited into the TME which in turn subverts the anti-tumor response of dendritic cells and T cells.Tumor immunotherapy is a popular means to rejuvenate the immunologically cold TME into hot. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) has shown strong immunomodulatory activity in different animal and human tumor models and has been approved for treatment of lung cancer (NSCLC) patients as an adjunct therapy. Previously, MIP has shown TLR2/9 mediated activation of antigen presenting cells/Th1 cells and their enhanced infiltration in mouse melanoma but the underlying mechanism by which it is modulating these immune cells is not yet known. Results This study reports for the first time that MIP immunotherapy involves type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling as one of the major signaling pathways to mediate the antitumor responses. Further, it was observed that MIP therapy significantly influenced frequency and activation of different subsets of T cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+ T cells in the TME. It reduces the migration of Tregs into the TME by suppressing the expression of CCL22, a Treg recruiting chemokine on DCs and this process is dependent on type 1 IFN. Simultaneously, in a type 1 IFN dependent pathway, it enhances the activation and effector function of the immunosuppressive tumor resident DCs which in turn effectively induce the proliferation and effector function of the CD8+ T cells. Conclusion This study also provides evidence that MIP induced pro-inflammatory responses including induction of effector function of conventional dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells along with reduction of intratumoral Treg frequency are essentially mediated in a type 1 IFN-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Roy
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anush Chakraborty
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharati Swami
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Pal
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Charvi Ahuja
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Bhaskar
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Sangeeta Bhaskar,
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Upconversion nanoparticle platform for efficient dendritic cell antigen delivery and simultaneous tracking. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:368. [PMID: 36057018 PMCID: PMC9440881 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) represent a group of NPs that can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into ultraviolet and visible light, thus possess deep tissue penetration power with less background fluorescence noise interference, and do not induce damage to biological tissues. Due to their unique optical properties and possibility for surface modification, UCNPs can be exploited for concomitant antigen delivery into dendritic cells (DCs) and monitoring by molecular imaging. In this study, we focus on the development of a nano-delivery platform targeting DCs for immunotherapy and simultaneous imaging. OVA 254–267 (OVA24) peptide antigen, harboring a CD8 T cell epitope, and Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3CSK4) adjuvant were chemically linked to the surface of UCNPs by amide condensation to stimulate DC maturation and antigen presentation. The OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs were thoroughly characterized and showed a homogeneous morphology and surface electronegativity, which promoted a good dispersion of the NPs. In vitro experiments demonstrated that OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs induced a strong immune response, including DC maturation, T cell activation, and proliferation, as well as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production. In vivo, highly sensitive upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging of OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs allowed tracking of UCNPs from the periphery to lymph nodes. In summary, OVA24-Pam3CSK4-UCNPs represent an effective tool for DC-based immunotherapy.
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Huo W, Yang X, Wang B, Cao L, Fang Z, Li Z, Liu H, Liang XJ, Zhang J, Jin Y. Biomineralized hydrogel DC vaccine for cancer immunotherapy: A boosting strategy via improving immunogenicity and reversing immune-inhibitory microenvironment. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Facciolà A, Visalli G, Laganà A, Di Pietro A. An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050819. [PMID: 35632575 PMCID: PMC9147349 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Multi-Specialist Clinical Institute for Orthopaedic Trauma Care (COT), 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
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8
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Nouri Y, Weinkove R, Perret R. T-cell intrinsic Toll-like receptor signaling: implications for cancer immunotherapy and CAR T-cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003065. [PMID: 34799397 PMCID: PMC8606765 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that specifically recognize common microbial patterns, and have a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are highly expressed by innate immune cells, particularly antigen-presenting cells, the very first report of a human TLR also described its expression and function within T-cells. Gene knock-out models and adoptive cell transfer studies have since confirmed that TLRs function as important costimulatory and regulatory molecules within T-cells themselves. By acting directly on T-cells, TLR agonists can enhance cytokine production by activated T-cells, increase T-cell sensitivity to T-cell receptor stimulation, promote long-lived T-cell memory, and reduce the suppressive activity of regulatory T-cells. Direct stimulation of T-cell intrinsic TLRs may be a relevant mechanism of action of TLR ligands currently under clinical investigation as cancer immunotherapies. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells afford a new opportunity to specifically exploit T-cell intrinsic TLR function. This can be achieved by expressing TLR signaling domains, or domains from their signaling partner myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), within or alongside the CAR. This review summarizes the expression and function of TLRs within T-cells, and explores the relevance of T-cell intrinsic TLR expression to the benefits and risks of TLR-stimulating cancer immunotherapies, including CAR T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Nouri
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Blood & Cancer Centre, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Perret
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Ong GH, Lian BSX, Kawasaki T, Kawai T. Exploration of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists as Candidate Adjuvants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:745016. [PMID: 34692565 PMCID: PMC8526852 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.745016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are used to maximize the potency of vaccines by enhancing immune reactions. Components of adjuvants include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are agonists for innate immune receptors. Innate immune responses are usually activated when pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize PAMPs derived from invading pathogens or DAMPs released by host cells upon tissue damage. Activation of innate immunity by PRR agonists in adjuvants activates acquired immune responses, which is crucial to enhance immune reactions against the targeted pathogen. For example, agonists for Toll-like receptors have yielded promising results as adjuvants, which target PRR as adjuvant candidates. However, a comprehensive understanding of the type of immunological reaction against agonists for PRRs is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of vaccine adjuvants. This review provides an overview of the current progress in development of PRR agonists as vaccine adjuvants, the molecular mechanisms that underlie activation of immune responses, and the enhancement of vaccine efficacy by these potential adjuvant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han Ong
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Benedict Shi Xiang Lian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
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Yildirim M, Yildirim TC, Turay N, Bildik T, Ibibik B, Evcili I, Ersan PG, Tokat UM, Sahin O, Gursel I. TLR ligand loaded exosome mediated immunotherapy of established mammary Tumor in mice. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:32-41. [PMID: 34418488 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) could be harnessed as an immunotherapeutic cancer vaccine. These nanovesicles are inherently possesses rich tumor antigen reservoirs. Due to their undesirable features such as poor or limited immunogenicity as well as facilitation of cancer development via mediating communication between tumor cells TEXs could be transformed into an effective immune adjuvant delivery system that initiates a strong humoral and cell-mediated tumor-specific immune response. Engineering TEXs to harbor immunostimulatory molecules still remains a challenge. Previously, we demonstrated that nucleic acid ligand encapsulated liposomes could trigger synergistic strong humoral, and cell mediated immune responses and provokes tumor regression to that of their standalone counterparts. In this study, we evaluated to immunogenicity of 4T1/Her2 cell-derived exosomes upon loading them with two potent immuno adjuvant, a TLR9 ligand, K-type CpG ODN and a TLR3 ligand, p(I:C). Engineered TEXs co-encapsulating both ligands displayed boosted immunostimulatory properties by activating antigen-specific primary and memory T cell responses. Furthermore, our exosome-based vaccine candidate elicited robust Th1-biased immunity as evidenced by elevated secretion of IgG2a and IFNγ. In a therapeutic cancer model, administration of4T1 tumor derived exosomes loaded with CpG ODN and p(I:C) to animals regress tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Taken together this work implicated that an exosome-based therapeutic vaccine promoted strong cellular and humoral anti-tumor immunity that is sufficient to reverse established tumors. This approach offers a personalized tumor therapy strategy that could be implemented in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Yildirim
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugce Canavar Yildirim
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilsu Turay
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugce Bildik
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Ibibik
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Evcili
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Gulizar Ersan
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey; Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences (DDBS), College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,Columbia
| | - Unal M Tokat
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey; Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences (DDBS), College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,Columbia
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences (DDBS), College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,Columbia
| | - Ihsan Gursel
- Thorlab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Song Q, Zhang G, Wang B, Cao G, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Geng J, Li H, Li Y. Reinforcing the Combinational Immuno-Oncotherapy of Switching "Cold" Tumor to "Hot" by Responsive Penetrating Nanogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36824-36838. [PMID: 34314148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although immuno-oncotherapy in clinic has gained great success, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) existing in the "cold" tumor with insufficient and exhausted lymphocytes may result in a lower-than-expected therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, a properly designed synergistic strategy that can effectively turn the "cold" tumor to "hot" should be considered to improve the therapeutic effects of immuno-oncotherapy. Herein, TME-responsive penetrating nanogels (NGs) were developed, which can improve the delivery and penetration of the co-loaded resiquimod (R848) and green tea catechin (EGCG) in tumors by a nano-sized controlled releasing system of the soluble cyclodextrin-drug inclusion complex. Consequently, the NGs effectively promoted the maturation of dendritic cells, stimulated the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and decreased the PD-L1 expression in tumors. The combination of NGs with the OX40 agonist (αOX40) further synergistically enhanced the activation and infiltration of CTLs into the deep tumor and inhibited the suppression effects from the regulatory T cells (Tregs). As a result, an increased ratio of active CTLs to Tregs in tumors (20.66-fold) was achieved with a 91.56% tumor suppression effect, indicating a successful switch of "cold" tumors to "hot" for an immunologically beneficial TME with significantly improved anti-tumor immune therapeutics. This strategy could be tailored to other immuno-oncotherapeutic approaches to solve the urgent efficiency concerns of the checkpoint-based treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingle Song
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guoli Cao
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Geng
- Center for Polymers in Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Impact of Immunotherapy on CD4 T Cell Phenotypes and Function in Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050454. [PMID: 34064410 PMCID: PMC8147771 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a standard treatment in many cancers and it is based on three main therapeutic axes: immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), vaccination and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). If originally these therapies mainly focused on exploiting CD8 T cells given their role in the direct elimination of tumor cells, increasing evidence highlights the crucial role CD4 T cells play in the antitumor immune response. Indeed, these cells can profoundly modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) by secreting different types of cytokine or by directly eliminating cancer cells. In this review, we describe how different CD4 T cell subsets can contribute to tumor immune responses during immunotherapy and the novel high-throughput immune monitoring tools that are expected to facilitate the study of CD4 T cells, at antigen-specific and single cell level, thus accelerating bench-to-bed translational research in cancer.
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Cui L, Wang X, Zhang D. TLRs as a Promise Target Along With Immune Checkpoint Against Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611444. [PMID: 33469538 PMCID: PMC7813757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and the incidence of gastric cancer in Asia appears to increase in recent years. Although there is a lot of improvement in treatment approaches, the prognosis of GC is poor. So it is urgent to search for a novel and more effective treatment to improve the survival rate of patients. Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are important in cancer. In the innate immune system, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Many studies have reported that TLRs are involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of GC. Therefore, TLRs are potential targets for immunotherapy to gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disorder, and TLRs function in GC is complex. TLRs agonists can be potentially used not only as therapeutic agents to treat gastric cancer but also as adjuvants in conjunction with other immunotherapies. They might provide a promising new target for GC treatment. In the review, we sort out the mechanism of TLRs involved in tumor immunity and summarize the current progress in TLRs-based therapeutic approaches and other immunotherapies in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Wan Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Mwangi PM, Cai H, Li R. Recombinant KRAS G12D Protein Vaccines Elicit Significant Anti-Tumor Effects in Mouse CT26 Tumor Models. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1326. [PMID: 32903495 PMCID: PMC7435050 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development targeting the most frequently mutation G12D of KRAS has great significance. As an attractive immunotherapy, cancer vaccines can overcome binding difficulties of small molecules; however, the weak immunogenicity and production difficulties of reported KRAS mutation vaccines limit their clinical application. To improve antigen-specific immune responses and Anti-Tumor effects on tumors expressing KRAS G12D mutation, we designed recombinant proteins containing KRAS peptide (amino acids 5–21) with G12D (called SP) in two forms: DTT-SP4 and DTSP. DTT-SP4 was constructed by fusing four copies of SP to the C-terminal of the translocation domain of diphtheria toxin (DTT), and DTSP was constructed by grafting SP onto DTT. The two vaccines in combination with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and cytosine phosphoguanine (CpG) successfully induced conspicuous SP-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and displayed prominent protective and therapeutic Anti-Tumor effects in mouse CT26 tumor models. Surprisingly, the DTSP-treated group displayed better Anti-Tumor effects in vivo compared with the DTT-SP4-treated and control groups. Moreover, 87.5 and 50% of DTSP-treated mice in the preventive and therapeutic models were tumor free, respectively. Notably, in the DTSP-treated group, the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression of T cells in vitro and the T-helper 1 (Th1)–related cytokine expression in tumor tissues indicated that the activated Th1 immune response may be involved in Anti-Tumor activity. Furthermore, DTSP treatment remarkably altered the subpopulation of T cells in splenocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The percentage of effector CD8+ T cells increased, whereas that of immunosuppressive CD4+Foxp3+ T cells remained reduced in the DTSP group. Dramatic tumor-inhibitory effects of DTSP, which is easily prepared, make it a more attractive strategy against KRAS G12D tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick Malonza Mwangi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaman Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai HyCharm Inc., Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wang J, Zope H, Islam MA, Rice J, Dodman S, Lipert K, Chen Y, Zetter BR, Shi J. Lipidation Approaches Potentiate Adjuvant-Pulsed Immune Surveillance: A Design Rationale for Cancer Nanovaccine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:787. [PMID: 32850698 PMCID: PMC7399020 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant-pulsed peptide vaccines hold great promise for the prevention and treatment of different diseases including cancer. However, it has been difficult to maximize vaccine efficacy due to numerous obstacles including the unfavorable tolerability profile of adjuvants, instability of peptide antigens, limited cellular uptake, and fast diffusion from the injection site, as well as systemic adverse effects. Here we describe a robust lipidation approach for effective nanoparticle co-delivery of low-molecular weight immunomodulators (TLR7/8 agonists) and peptides (SIINFEKL) with a potent in vivo prophylactic effect. The lipidation approaches (C16-R848 and C16-SIINFEKL) increased their hydrophobicity that is intended not only to improve drug encapsulation efficiency but also to facilitate the membrane association, intracellular trafficking, and subcellular localization. The polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLNs) are designed to sustain antigen/adjuvant levels with less systemic exposure. Our results demonstrated that a lipidated nanovaccine can induce effective immunity by enhancing the expansion and activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. This adaptive immune response led to substantial tumor suppression with improved overall survival in a prophylactic setting. Our new methodology enhances the potential of nanovaccines for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Harshal Zope
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ariful Islam
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Immuno-Oncology Group, Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jamie Rice
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Silicon Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sage Dodman
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Lipert
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yunhan Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce R Zetter
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Han JW, Sung PS, Hong SH, Lee H, Koh JY, Lee H, White S, Maslow JN, Weiner DB, Park SH, Jeong M, Heo J, Ahn SH, Shin EC. IFNL3-adjuvanted HCV DNA vaccine reduces regulatory T cell frequency and increases virus-specific T cell responses. J Hepatol 2020; 73:72-83. [PMID: 32088322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment results in a sustained virologic response (SVR) in most patients with chronic HCV infection, they are at risk of re-infection. Moreover, the immune system is not completely normalized even after SVR (e.g. increased regulatory T [Treg] cell frequency). We developed a DNA vaccine, GLS-6150, to prevent re-infection of patients with DAA-induced SVR and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in individuals with chronic HCV infection. METHODS GLS-6150 consists of plasmids encoding HCV non-structural proteins (NS3-NS5A) and adjuvant IFNL3. The vaccine was administered 4 times at 4-weekly intervals to 3 groups (1, 3, or 6 mg/vaccination; n = 6 per group), followed by a 6 mg boost at 24 weeks (n = 14). Peripheral blood T cell responses were evaluated by interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays, intracellular cytokine staining, and major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) dextramer staining. Treg cell frequency was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Severe adverse events or vaccine discontinuation were not reported. The IFN-γ spot-forming cells specific to NS3-NS5A were increased by GLS-6150. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced multiple cytokines. However, the frequency and phenotype of HCV-specific MHC-I dextramer+CD8+ T cells were not changed. Interestingly, the frequency of Treg cells, particularly activated Treg cells, was decreased by GLS-6150, as expected from previous reports that IFNL3 adjuvants decrease Treg cell frequency. Ex vivo IFN-λ3 treatment reduced Treg frequency in pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, Treg cell frequency inversely correlated with HCV-specific, IFN-γ-producing T cell responses in the study participants. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that GLS-6150 decreases Treg cell frequency and enhances HCV-specific T cell responses without significant side effects. A phase I clinical trial of GLS-6150 is currently underway in patients with DAA-induced SVR. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT02027116. LAY SUMMARY Although direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are successfully used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a prophylactic HCV vaccine needs to be developed, especially for patients who achieve a sustained virologic response. In the current study, we show that a DNA vaccine (GLS-6150) was safe and increased HCV-specific T cell responses. A clinical trial is underway to test this vaccine in patients with a sustained virologic response following DAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - June Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 06060, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott White
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Joel N Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 06060, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsup Jeong
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 06060, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Schijns V, Fernández-Tejada A, Barjaktarović Ž, Bouzalas I, Brimnes J, Chernysh S, Gizurarson S, Gursel I, Jakopin Ž, Lawrenz M, Nativi C, Paul S, Pedersen GK, Rosano C, Ruiz-de-Angulo A, Slütter B, Thakur A, Christensen D, Lavelle EC. Modulation of immune responses using adjuvants to facilitate therapeutic vaccination. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:169-190. [PMID: 32594569 PMCID: PMC7497245 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccination offers great promise as an intervention for a diversity of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Given that most chronic health conditions are thought to have an immune component, vaccination can at least in principle be proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Understanding the nature of protective immunity is of vital importance, and the progress made in recent years in defining the nature of pathological and protective immunity for a range of diseases has provided an impetus to devise strategies to promote such responses in a targeted manner. However, in many cases, limited progress has been made in clinical adoption of such approaches. This in part results from a lack of safe and effective vaccine adjuvants that can be used to promote protective immunity and/or reduce deleterious immune responses. Although somewhat simplistic, it is possible to divide therapeutic vaccine approaches into those targeting conditions where antibody responses can mediate protection and those where the principal focus is the promotion of effector and memory cellular immunity or the reduction of damaging cellular immune responses as in the case of autoimmune diseases. Clearly, in all cases of antigen-specific immunotherapy, the identification of protective antigens is a vital first step. There are many challenges to developing therapeutic vaccines beyond those associated with prophylactic diseases including the ongoing immune responses in patients, patient heterogeneity, and diversity in the type and stage of disease. If reproducible biomarkers can be defined, these could allow earlier diagnosis and intervention and likely increase therapeutic vaccine efficacy. Current immunomodulatory approaches related to adoptive cell transfers or passive antibody therapy are showing great promise, but these are outside the scope of this review which will focus on the potential for adjuvanted therapeutic active vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Schijns
- Wageningen University, Cell Biology & Immunology and, ERC-The Netherlands, Schaijk, Landerd campus, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Biscay, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Žarko Barjaktarović
- Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ilias Bouzalas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Sergey Chernysh
- Laboratory of Insect Biopharmacology and Immunology, Department of Entomology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Lawrenz
- Vaccine Formulation Institute (CH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ane Ruiz-de-Angulo
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Biscay, Spain
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Alaluf E, Vokaer B, Detavernier A, Azouz A, Splittgerber M, Carrette A, Boon L, Libert F, Soares M, Le Moine A, Goriely S. Heme oxygenase-1 orchestrates the immunosuppressive program of tumor-associated macrophages. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133929. [PMID: 32369450 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to the maintenance of a strong immunosuppressive environment, supporting tumor progression and resistance to treatment. To date, the mechanisms that drive acquisition of these immunosuppressive features are still poorly defined. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catabolizes free heme. It displays important cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant properties. A growing body of evidence suggests that HO-1 may also promote tumor development. Herein, we show that HO-1 is highly expressed in monocytic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) once they differentiate into TAMs. Deletion of HO-1 in the myeloid compartment enhances the beneficial effects of a therapeutic antitumor vaccine by restoring CD8+ T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. We further show that induction of HO-1 plays a major role in monocyte education by tumor cells by modulating their transcriptional and epigenetic programs. These results identify HO-1 as a valuable therapeutic target to reprogram the TME and synergize with current cancer therapies to facilitate antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Alaluf
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoît Vokaer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Detavernier
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marion Splittgerber
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alice Carrette
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Frédérick Libert
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, BRIGHTcore ULB-VUB and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Le Moine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
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19
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Abstract
T cell-mediated elimination of malignant cells is one cornerstone of endogenous and therapeutically induced antitumor immunity. Tumors exploit numerous regulatory mechanisms to suppress T cell immunity. Regulatory T cells (T regs) play a crucial role in this process due to their ability to inhibit antitumoral immune responses and they are known to accumulate in various cancer entities. The chemokine CCL22, predominately produced by dendritic cells (DCs), regulates T reg migration via binding to its receptor CCR4. CCL22 controls T cell immunity, both by recruiting T regs to the tumor tissue and by promoting the formation of DC-T reg contacts in the lymph node. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of CCL22 in cancer immunity. After revising the principal mechanisms of CCL22-induced immune suppression, we address the factors leading to CCL22 expression and ways of targeting this chemokine therapeutically. Therapeutic interventions to the CCL22-CCR4 axis may represent a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
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20
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Corgnac S, Botelho NK, Donda A, Romero P. Recombinant fusion proteins for targeting dendritic cell subsets in therapeutic cancer vaccine. Methods Enzymol 2020; 632:521-543. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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An inhalable nanoparticulate STING agonist synergizes with radiotherapy to confer long-term control of lung metastases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5108. [PMID: 31704921 PMCID: PMC6841721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment is profoundly immunosuppressive. Thus, mitigating tumor immunosuppression is crucial for inducing sustained antitumor immunity. Whereas previous studies involved intratumoral injection, we report here an inhalable nanoparticle-immunotherapy system targeting pulmonary antigen presenting cells (APCs) to enhance anticancer immunity against lung metastases. Inhalation of phosphatidylserine coated liposome loaded with STING agonist cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (NP-cGAMP) in mouse models of lung metastases enables rapid distribution of NP-cGAMP to both lungs and subsequent uptake by APCs without causing immunopathology. NP-cGAMP designed for enhanced cytosolic release of cGAMP stimulates STING signaling and type I interferons production in APCs, resulting in the pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment in multifocal lung metastases. Furthermore, fractionated radiation delivered to one tumor-bearing lung synergizes with inhaled NP-cGAMP, eliciting systemic anticancer immunity, controlling metastases in both lungs, and conferring long-term survival in mice with lung metastases and with repeated tumor challenge. Successful anticancer immunotherapy should induce robust systemic immunity against metastases. Here, the authors engineer an inhalable nano-STING agonist, which synergizes with fractionated radiation to control lung metastases and confers long-term systemic antitumor immunity in mice.
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22
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Liu WL, Zou MZ, Liu T, Zeng JY, Li X, Yu WY, Li CX, Ye JJ, Song W, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Cytomembrane nanovaccines show therapeutic effects by mimicking tumor cells and antigen presenting cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3199. [PMID: 31324770 PMCID: PMC6642123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer vaccines are unsuccessful in eliciting clinically relevant effects. Without using exogenous antigens and adoptive cells, we show a concept of utilizing biologically reprogrammed cytomembranes of the fused cells (FCs) derived from dendritic cells (DCs) and cancer cells as tumor vaccines. The fusion of immunologically interrelated two types of cells results in strong expression of the whole tumor antigen complexes and the immunological co-stimulatory molecules on cytomembranes (FMs), allowing the nanoparticle-supported FM (NP@FM) to function like antigen presenting cells (APCs) for T cell immunoactivation. Moreover, tumor-antigen bearing NP@FM can be bio-recognized by DCs to induce DC-mediated T cell immunoactivation. The combination of these two immunoactivation pathways offers powerful antitumor immunoresponse. Through mimicking both APCs and cancer cells, this cytomembrane vaccine strategy can develop various vaccines toward multiple tumor types and provide chances for accommodating diverse functions originating from the supporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Zhen Zou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wen Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China. .,The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
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23
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Zom GG, Willems MMJHP, Khan S, van der Sluis TC, Kleinovink JW, Camps MGM, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV, Melief CJM, Ossendorp F. Novel TLR2-binding adjuvant induces enhanced T cell responses and tumor eradication. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:146. [PMID: 30541631 PMCID: PMC6292168 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ligands for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family can induce activation of cells of the innate immune system and are widely studied for their potential to enhance adaptive immunity. Conjugation of TLR2-ligand Pam3CSK4 to synthetic long peptides (SLPs) was shown to strongly enhance the induction of antitumor immunity. To further improve cancer vaccination, we have previously shown that the novel TLR2-L Amplivant (AV), a modified Pam3CSK4, potentiates the maturation effects on murine DCs. In the current study, we further assessed the immunological properties of AV. Methods Naïve mice were vaccinated with a conjugate of either Pam3CSK4 or AV and an SLP to assess specific T cell priming efficiency in vivo. The potency of AV and Pam3CSK4, either as free compounds or conjugated to different SLPs, to mature murine DCs was compared by stimulating murine dendritic cells overnight followed by ELISA and flow cytometry analysis. Murine tumor experiments were carried out by vaccinating mice carrying established HPV16 E6 and E7-expressing tumors and subsequently analyzing myeloid and lymphoid cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, tumor outgrowth after vaccination was monitored to enable comparison of the efficiency to induce antitumor immunity by Pam3CSK-SLP and AV-SLP conjugates. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, AV-SLP conjugate vaccination was combined with ablative therapies to assess whether synergism between such therapies would occur. Results SLPs conjugated to AV induce stronger DC maturation, in vivo T cell priming and antitumor immunity compared to conjugates with Pam3CSK4. Interestingly, AV-SLP conjugates modulate the macrophage populations in the tumor microenvironment, correlating with a therapeutic effect in an aggressive murine tumor model. The potency of AV-SLP conjugates in cancer vaccination operates optimally in combination with chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy. Conclusion These data allow further optimization of vaccination-based immunotherapy of cancer by use of the improved TLR2-ligand Amplivant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0455-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs G Zom
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Selina Khan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tetje C van der Sluis
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Kleinovink
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,ISA Pharmaceuticals BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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24
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Kwak M, Yu K, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide functions as a mucosal adjuvant to induce dendritic cell activation in mediastinal lymph node. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1618-1623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Durgeau A, Virk Y, Gros G, Voilin E, Corgnac S, Djenidi F, Salmon J, Adam J, de Montpréville V, Validire P, Ferrone S, Chouaib S, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Lemonnier F, Tartour E, Chaput N, Besse B, Mami-Chouaib F. Human preprocalcitonin self-antigen generates TAP-dependent and -independent epitopes triggering optimised T-cell responses toward immune-escaped tumours. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5097. [PMID: 30504837 PMCID: PMC6269466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours often evade CD8 T-cell immunity by downregulating TAP. T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing are immunogenic non-mutated neoantigens that emerge during tumour immune evasion. The preprocalcitonin (ppCT)16-25 neoepitope belongs to this category of antigens. Here we show that most human lung tumours display altered expression of TAP and frequently express ppCT self-antigen. We also show that ppCT includes HLA-A2-restricted epitopes that are processed by TAP-independent and -dependent pathways. Processing occurs in either the endoplasmic reticulum, by signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase, or in the cytosol after release of a signal peptide precursor or retrotranslocation of a procalcitonin substrate by endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation. Remarkably, ppCT peptide-based immunotherapy induces efficient T-cell responses toward antigen processing and presenting machinery-impaired tumours transplanted into HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice and in NOD-scid-Il2rγnull mice adoptively transferred with human PBMC. Thus, ppCT-specific T lymphocytes are promising effectors for treatment of tumours that have escaped immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Durgeau
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.,ElyssaMed, Paris Biotech Santé, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Yasemin Virk
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gwendoline Gros
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Elodie Voilin
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Fayçal Djenidi
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Salmon
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) UMR 8122, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Adam
- INSERM U 981, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent de Montpréville
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, 92350, Le-Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Thumbay Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, UAE
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Cancer Institute, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Department of Drug Development (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - François Lemonnier
- Département Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Diabète, Equipe Immunologie des Diabètes, INSERM U1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, and CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, F-92296, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Département de Médecine, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumour Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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26
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Quandt J, Schlude C, Bartoschek M, Will R, Cid-Arregui A, Schölch S, Reissfelder C, Weitz J, Schneider M, Wiemann S, Momburg F, Beckhove P. Long-peptide vaccination with driver gene mutations in p53 and Kras induces cancer mutation-specific effector as well as regulatory T cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500671. [PMID: 30524892 PMCID: PMC6279329 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutated proteins arising from somatic mutations in tumors are promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. They represent true tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) as they are exclusively expressed in tumors, reduce the risk of autoimmunity and are more likely to overcome tolerance compared to wild-type (wt) sequences. Hence, we designed a panel of long peptides (LPs, 28–35 aa) comprising driver gene mutations in TP35 and KRAS frequently found in gastrointestinal tumors to test their combined immunotherapeutic potential. We found increased numbers of T cells responsive against respective mutated and wt peptides in colorectal cancer patients that carry the tested mutations in their tumors than patients with other mutations. Further, active immunization of HLA(-A2/DR1)-humanized mice with mixes of the same mutated LPs yielded simultaneous, polyvalent CD8+/CD4+ T cell responses against the majority of peptides. Peptide-specific T cells possessed a multifunctional cytokine profile with CD4+ T cells showing a TH1-like phenotype. Two mutated peptides (Kras[G12V], p53[R248W]) induced significantly higher T cell responses than corresponding wt sequences and comprised HLA-A2/DR1-restricted mutated epitopes. However, vaccination with the same highly immunogenic LPs strongly increased systemic regulatory T cells (Treg) numbers in a syngeneic sarcoma model over-expressing these mutated protein variants and resulted in accelerated tumor outgrowth. In contrast, tumor outgrowth was delayed when vaccination was directed against tumor-intrinsic Kras/Tp53 mutations of lower immunogenicity. Conclusively, we show that LP vaccination targeting multiple mutated TSAs elicits polyvalent, multifunctional, and mutation-specific effector T cells capable of targeting tumors. However, the success of this therapeutic approach can be hampered by vaccination-induced, TSA-specific Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Quandt
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Knapp Research Center, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christoph Schlude
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bartoschek
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultaet an der TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Tran T, Blanc C, Granier C, Saldmann A, Tanchot C, Tartour E. Therapeutic cancer vaccine: building the future from lessons of the past. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:69-85. [PMID: 29978248 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cancer vaccines have raised many hopes from the start of immunotherapy but have not yet been clinically successful. The few positive results of anti-cancer vaccines have been observed in clinical situations of low tumor burden or preneoplastic lesions. Several new concepts and new results reposition this therapeutic approach in the field of immunotherapy. Indeed, cancers that respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (20-30%) are those that are infiltrated by anti-tumor T cells with an inflammatory infiltrate. However, 70% of cancers do not appear to have an anti-tumor immune reaction in the tumor microenvironment. To induce this anti-tumor immunity, therapeutic combinations between vaccines and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 are being evaluated. In addition, the identification of neoepitopes against which the immune system is less tolerated is giving rise to a new enthusiasm by the first clinical results of the vaccine including these neoepitopes in humans. The ability of anti-cancer vaccines to induce a population of anti-tumor T cells called memory resident T cells that play an important role in immunosurveillance is also a new criterion to consider in the design of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tran
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Blanc
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Granier
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Saldmann
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Tanchot
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratory of Immunology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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28
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Vaccine-induced antigen-specific regulatory T cells attenuate the antiviral immunity against acute influenza virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1239-1253. [PMID: 29467445 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based T cell vaccines targeting the conserved epitopes of influenza virus can provide cross-protection against distantly related strains, but they are generally not immunogenic. Foreign antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells are induced under subimmunogenic conditions peripherally, although their development and role in vaccine-mediated antiviral immunity is unclear. Here, we demonstrated primary vaccination with peptides alone significantly induced antigen-specific Foxp3+ Treg cells, which were further expanded by repeated vaccination with unadjuvanted peptides. Certain adjuvants, including CpG, suppressed the induction and expansion of antigen-specific Treg cells by peptide vaccination. Interestingly, secondary influenza virus infection significantly increased the frequency of preexisting antigen-specific Treg cells, although primary infection barely induced them. Importantly, specific depletion of vaccine-induced antigen-specific Treg cells promoted influenza viral clearance, indicating their inhibitory role in vivo. Immunization with CpG-adjuvanted peptides by the subcutaneous prime-intranasal-boost strategy restricted the recruitment and accumulation of antigen-specific Treg cells in lung, and stimulated robust T cell immunity. Finally, subcutaneous prime-intranasal-boost immunization with CpG-adjuvanted peptides or whole-inactivated influenza vaccines protected mice from heterosubtypic influenza virus infection. In conclusion, antigen-specific Treg cells induced by peptide vaccines attenuate the antiviral immunity against influenza virus infection. CpG-adjuvanted peptide vaccines provide heterosubtypic influenza protection probably by inhibiting Treg development and enhancing T cell immunity.
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29
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Martínez-Usatorre A, Donda A, Zehn D, Romero P. PD-1 Blockade Unleashes Effector Potential of Both High- and Low-Affinity Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:792-803. [PMID: 29875150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor T cell responses involve CD8+ T cells with high affinity for mutated self-antigen and low affinity for nonmutated tumor-associated Ag. Because of the highly individual nature of nonsynonymous somatic mutations in tumors, however, immunotherapy relies often on an effective engagement of low-affinity T cells. In this study, we studied the role of T cell affinity during peripheral priming with single-peptide vaccines and during the effector phase in the tumor. To that end, we compared the antitumor responses after OVA257-264 (N4) peptide vaccination of CD8+ T cells carrying TCRs with high (OT-1) and low (OT-3) avidity for the N4 peptide in B16.N4 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, we assessed the response of OT-1 cells to either high-affinity (B16.N4) or low-affinity (B16.T4) Ag-expressing tumors after high-affinity (N4) or low-affinity (T4) peptide vaccination. We noticed that although low-affinity tumor-specific T cells expand less than high-affinity T cells, they express lower levels of inhibitory receptors and produce more cytokines. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells show similar in vivo re-expansion capacity to their counterparts in secondary lymphoid organs when transferred to tumor-free hosts, suggesting that T cells in tumors may be rekindled upon relief of tumor immunosuppression. Moreover, our results show that αPD-1 treatment enhances tumor control of high- and low-affinity ligand-expressing tumors, suggesting that combination of high-affinity peripheral priming by altered peptide ligands and checkpoint blockade may enable tumor control upon low-affinity Ag recognition in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Martínez-Usatorre
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; and
| | - Alena Donda
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; and
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; and
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30
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Zhang W, Okimura T, Xu L, Zhang L, Oda T, Kwak M, Yu Q, Jin JO. Ascophyllan functions as an adjuvant to promote anti-cancer effect by dendritic cell activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19284-98. [PMID: 27008707 PMCID: PMC4991383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that ascophyllan, a sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown alga, has immune-activating effects. In this study, we evaluated ascophyllan as an adjuvant for its therapeutic and preventive effect on tumor in a mouse melanoma model. Ascophyllan induced migration of DCs to spleen and tumor-draining lymph node (drLN) in a mouse B16 melanoma model. Moreover, ascophyllan induced activation of dendritic cells (DCs), and promoted IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing Th1 immune responses in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, treatment with a combination of ascophyllan and ovalbumin (OVA) in the tumor-bearing mice promoted proliferation of OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells and migration of those cells into the tumor, consequently inhibiting the tumor growth. Immunization with the combination of ascophyllan and OVA caused enhanced OVA-specific antibody production and memory T cell responses compared to OVA immunization alone, and almost completely prevented B16-OVA tumor growth upon subsequent tumor challenge. Finally, the combination of ascophyllan and OVA prevented B16-OVA tumor invasion and metastasis into the liver. Thus, these results demonstrate that ascophyllan can function as an adjuvant to induce DC activation, antigen specific CTL activation, Th1 immune response and antibody production, and hence may be useful as a therapeutic and preventive tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Ndure J, Noho-Konteh F, Adetifa JU, Cox M, Barker F, Le MT, Sanyang LC, Drammeh A, Whittle HC, Clarke E, Plebanski M, Rowland-Jones SL, Flanagan KL. Negative Correlation between Circulating CD4 +FOXP3 +CD127 - Regulatory T Cells and Subsequent Antibody Responses to Infant Measles Vaccine but Not Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine Implies a Regulatory Role. Front Immunol 2017; 8:921. [PMID: 28855899 PMCID: PMC5557771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key homeostatic role by suppressing immune responses. They have been targeted in mouse and human cancer studies to improve vaccine immunogenicity and tumor clearance. A number of commercially available drugs and experimental vaccine adjuvants have been shown to target Tregs. Infants have high numbers of Tregs and often have poor responses to vaccination, yet the role Tregs play in controlling vaccine immunogenicity has not been explored in this age group. Herein, we explore the role of CD4+FOXP3+CD127- Tregs in controlling immunity in infant males and females to vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTP) and/or measles vaccine (MV). We find correlative evidence that circulating Tregs at the time of vaccination suppress antibody responses to MV but not DTP; and Tregs 4 weeks after DTP vaccination may suppress vaccine-specific cellular immunity. This opens the exciting possibility that Tregs may provide a future target for improved vaccine responses in early life, including reducing the number of doses of vaccine required. Such an approach would need to be safe and the benefits outweigh the risks, thus further research in this area is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorjoh Ndure
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Fatou Noho-Konteh
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Jane U Adetifa
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Momodou Cox
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Francis Barker
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - My Thanh Le
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Lady C Sanyang
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Adboulie Drammeh
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Hilton C Whittle
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Clarke
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Katie L Flanagan
- Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
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32
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33
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Xu L, Kwak M, Zhang W, Zeng L, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide induces toll-like receptor 4 dependent spleen dendritic cell maturation and anti-cancer immunity. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1325981. [PMID: 28811960 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1325981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) has shown an activation of immune cells in vitro. However, the immune stimulatory effect of RGP in a mouse in vivo is not well studied. In this study, we examined the effect of RGP on dendritic cell (DC) activation and anticancer immunity in vivo. Treatments of RGP in C56BL/6 mice induced increased levels of co-stimulatory molecule expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in spleen DCs dependent on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and those DCs promoted interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. RGP also enhanced ovalbumin (OVA) antigen (Ag)-specific immune activation in tumor-bearing mice, including Ag presentation in DCs, OT-I and OT-II T-cell proliferation, migration of OT-I and OT-II T cells into the B16-OVA tumor, OVA-specific IFNγ production, and the specific killing of OVA-coated splenocytes, which consequently inhibited B16-OVA tumor growth dependent on TLR4 and CD8+ T cells. Finally, the combination of RGP and self-Ag treatment efficiently inhibited CT26 carcinoma and B16 melanoma tumor growth in BLAB/c and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. These data demonstrate that RGP could be a useful adjuvant molecule for immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.,Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Hu X, Wu T, Bao Y, Zhang Z. Nanotechnology based therapeutic modality to boost anti-tumor immunity and collapse tumor defense. J Control Release 2017; 256:26-45. [PMID: 28434891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is still the leading cause of death. While traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy play dominating roles, recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy indicate that the influence of immune system on cancer development is virtually beyond our expectation. Manipulating the immune system to fight against cancer has been thriving in recent years. Further understanding of tumor anatomy provides opportunities to put a brake on immunosuppression by overcoming tumor intrinsic resistance or modulating tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology which provides versatile engineered approaches to enhance therapeutic effects may potentially contribute to the development of future cancer treatment modality. In this review, we will focus on the application of nanotechnology both in boosting anti-tumor immunity and collapsing tumor defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuling Bao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Romero P, Banchereau J, Bhardwaj N, Cockett M, Disis ML, Dranoff G, Gilboa E, Hammond SA, Hershberg R, Korman AJ, Kvistborg P, Melief C, Mellman I, Palucka AK, Redchenko I, Robins H, Sallusto F, Schenkelberg T, Schoenberger S, Sosman J, Türeci Ö, Van den Eynde B, Koff W, Coukos G. The Human Vaccines Project: A roadmap for cancer vaccine development. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:334ps9. [PMID: 27075624 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine development has been vigorously pursued for 40 years. Immunity to tumor antigens can be elicited by most vaccines tested, but their clinical efficacy remains modest. We argue that a concerted international effort is necessary to understand the human antitumor immune response and achieve clinically effective cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research at University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Mary L Disis
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109-4714, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Robert Hershberg
- Celgene Immuno-Oncology Center of Excellence, 1616 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Alan J Korman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Biologics Discovery California, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Melief
- ISA Pharmaceuticals & Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - A Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA. Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | | | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen Schoenberger
- Center for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology & UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sosman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Özlem Türeci
- CI3 Cluster for Individualized Immunotherapy, Kupferbergterasse 17-19, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels branch, Brussels, BRU 1200, Belgium. Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium. University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wayne Koff
- International AIDS Vaccines Initiative, 125 Broad Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Cancer Research at University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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36
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Rapid and Continued T-Cell Differentiation into Long-term Effector and Memory Stem Cells in Vaccinated Melanoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3285-3296. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Perspectives in immunotherapy: meeting report from the “Immunotherapy Bridge”, Napoli, December 5th 2015. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5067891 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system and preventing immune escape, the immunotherapy of cancer provides great potential for clinical application, in broad patient populations, achieving both conventional and unconventional clinical responses. After the substantial advances in melanoma, the focus of cancer immunotherapy has expanded to include many other cancers. Targeting immune checkpoints and further mechanisms used by tumors to avoid anticancer immunity, different approaches are under evaluation, including combination therapies. The first Immunotherapy Bridge meeting focused on various cancer types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell, breast and ovarian carcinoma, and discussed mechanisms of action of single agents and combination strategies, and the prediction of clinical responses.
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38
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Baumgaertner P, Costa Nunes C, Cachot A, Maby-El Hajjami H, Cagnon L, Braun M, Derré L, Rivals JP, Rimoldi D, Gnjatic S, Abed Maillard S, Marcos Mondéjar P, Protti MP, Romano E, Michielin O, Romero P, Speiser DE, Jandus C. Vaccination of stage III/IV melanoma patients with long NY-ESO-1 peptide and CpG-B elicits robust CD8 + and CD4 + T-cell responses with multiple specificities including a novel DR7-restricted epitope. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1216290. [PMID: 27853637 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1216290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long synthetic peptides and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides are promising components for cancer vaccines. In this phase I trial, 19 patients received a mean of 8 (range 1-12) monthly vaccines s.c. composed of the long synthetic NY-ESO-179-108 peptide and CpG-B (PF-3512676), emulsified in Montanide ISA-51. In 18/18 evaluable patients, vaccination induced antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell and antibody responses, starting early after initiation of immunotherapy and lasting at least one year. The T-cells responded antigen-specifically, with strong secretion of IFNγ and TNFα, irrespective of patients' HLAs. The most immunogenic regions of the vaccine peptide were NY-ESO-189-102 for CD8+ and NY-ESO-183-99 for CD4+ T-cells. We discovered a novel and highly immunogenic epitope (HLA-DR7/NY-ESO-187-99); 7/7 HLA-DR7+ patients generated strong CD4+ T-cell responses, as detected directly ex vivo with fluorescent multimers. Thus, vaccination with the long synthetic NY-ESO-179-108 peptide combined with the strong immune adjuvant CpG-B induced integrated, robust and functional CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses in melanoma patients, supporting the further development of this immunotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baumgaertner
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - C Costa Nunes
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - A Cachot
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - H Maby-El Hajjami
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Cagnon
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV) , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Braun
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - L Derré
- Urology Research Unit, Urology Department, University Hospital Center (CHUV) , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-P Rivals
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, CHUV, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - D Rimoldi
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - S Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, USA
| | - S Abed Maillard
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV) , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marcos Mondéjar
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M P Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Romano
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV) , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Michielin
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Jandus
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Switzerland
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Kitahata Y, Kanuma T, Hayashi M, Kobayashi N, Ozasa K, Kusakabe T, Temizoz B, Kuroda E, Yamaue H, Coban C, Yamamoto T, Kobiyama K, Aoshi T, Ishii KJ. Circulating nano-particulate TLR9 agonist scouts out tumor microenvironment to release immunogenic dead tumor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48860-48869. [PMID: 27384490 PMCID: PMC5226476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggest that a β-glucan derived from mushroom Schizophyllan(SPG) complexed with a humanized TLR9 agonistic CpG DNA, K3 (K3-SPG) is a promising vaccine adjuvant that induces robust CD8 T cell responses to co-administered antigen. However, it has not been investigated whether K3-SPG alone can act as an anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agent or not. Here, we demonstrate that intravenous injection of K3-SPG, but not CpG alone, is accumulated in the tumor microenvironment and triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells by local induction of type-I interferon (IFN) as well as IL-12. Resultant innate immune activation as well as subsequent tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses were contributed the tumor growth suppression. This anti-tumor effect of K3-SPG monotherapy was also confirmed by using various tumor models including pancreatic cancer peritoneal dissemination model. Taken together, nano-particulate TLR9 agonist injected intravenously can scout out tumor microenvironment to provoke local innate immune activation and release dead tumor cells into circulation that may induce broader and protective tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kitahata
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanuma
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hayashi
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kobayashi
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ozasa
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Burcu Temizoz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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40
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Alipour Talesh G, Ebrahimi Z, Badiee A, Mansourian M, Attar H, Arabi L, Jalali SA, Jaafari MR. Poly (I:C)-DOTAP cationic nanoliposome containing multi-epitope HER2-derived peptide promotes vaccine-elicited anti-tumor immunity in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:57-64. [PMID: 27260485 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we aimed at developing a vaccine delivery/adjuvant system to enhance anti-tumor immunity against the natural multi-epitope HER2/Neu-derived P5 peptide. Polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] is a strong immunoadjuvant able to enhance specific antitumor immunity induced by peptide-based vaccines. Nevertheless, delivering the peptide and adjuvant intracellularly into their target site remains a challenging issue. We hypothesized this barrier could be overcome through the use of a cationic nanoliposome carrier system which can carry and protect the antigen and adjuvant in the extracellular environment and augment the induction of antitumor immunity. P5 was encapsulated in cationic nanoliposomes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)-Cholesterol either alone or complexed with Poly (I:C). Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were immunized with the formulations 3 times in two-week intervals and the efficiency and type of immune response were then evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The groups immunized with Lip-P5+PIC (DOTAP-Cholestrol-P5+Poly (I:C)) and Lip+PIC (DOTAP-Cholestrol+Poly (I:C)) enhanced the release of Interferon (IFN)-γ in comparison with other groups. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Lip-P5+PIC formulation induced the highest level of IFN-γ in CD8(+) lymphocytes. Lip-P5+PIC, Lip+PIC and Lip-P5 (DOTAP-Cholestrol-P5) provided some extent of protection in terms of tumor regression in TUBO tumor mice model during the first 65days post tumor challenge but at the end only the tumors of mice immunized with Lip-P5+PIC were significantly smaller than all other groups. Furthermore, tumors of mice receiving Lip-P5+PIC grew at a significantly slower rate throughout the observation period. Our results showed that the combination of Poly (I:C) and DOTAP with the tumor antigen and without applying additional T-helper epitope induced strong antitumor responses. The observations presented here are of great interest for future vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Alipour Talesh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mercedeh Mansourian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Attar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Science & Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ayari C, Besançon M, Bergeron A, LaRue H, Bussières V, Fradet Y. Poly(I:C) potentiates Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:223-34. [PMID: 26759009 PMCID: PMC11029542 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific immunotherapy consisting of intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the best available treatment to prevent non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor recurrence and progression. This treatment however is suboptimal, and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches are needed. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a major role in the activation of the immune system in response to pathogens and danger signals but also in anti-tumor responses. We previously showed that human urothelial cells express functional TLRs and respond to TLR2 and TLR3 agonists. In this study, we analyzed the potential of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], a TLR3 agonist, to replace or complement BCG in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We observed that poly(I:C) had an anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effect in vitro on two low-grade human bladder cancer cell lines, MGH-U3 and RT4. In MGH-U3 cells, poly(I:C) induced growth arrest at the G1-S transition. Poly(I:C) also increased the immunogenicity of MGH-U3 and RT4 cells, inducing the secretion of MHC class I molecules and of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By comparison, poly(I:C) had less in vitro impact on two high-grade human bladder cancer cell lines, 5637 and T24, and on MBT-2 murine high-grade bladder cancer cells. The latter can be used as an immunocompetent model of bladder cancer. The combination poly(I:C)/BCG was much more effective in reducing MBT-2 tumor growth in mice than either treatment alone. It completely cured 29% of mice and also induced an immunological memory response. In conclusion, our study suggests that adding poly(I:C) to BCG may enhance the therapeutic effect of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherifa Ayari
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Marjorie Besançon
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Hélène LaRue
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Bussières
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 10 McMahon, Québec, G1R 3S1, Canada
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Lievense L, Aerts J, Hegmans J. Immune Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 893:59-90. [PMID: 26667339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24223-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has long been considered an unsuitable target for immunotherapy due to its proposed immunoresistant properties. However, recent evidence has shown that anti-tumor immune responses can occur in lung cancer patients, paving the way for lung cancer as a novel target for immunotherapy. In order to take full advantage of the potential of immunotherapy, research is focusing on the presence and function of various immunological cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Immune cells which facilitate or inhibit antitumor responses have been identified and their prognostic value in lung cancer has been established. Knowledge regarding these pro- and anti-tumor immune cells and their mechanisms of action has facilitated the identification of numerous potential immunotherapeutic strategies and opportunities for intervention. A plethora of immunotherapeutic approaches is currently being developed and studied in lung cancer patients and phase 3 clinical trials are ongoing. Many different immunotherapies have shown promising clinical effects in patients with limited and advanced stage lung cancer, however, future years will have to tell whether immunotherapy will earn its place in the standard treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Lievense
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hegmans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands.
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43
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Ascierto PA, Atkins M, Bifulco C, Botti G, Cochran A, Davies M, Demaria S, Dummer R, Ferrone S, Formenti S, Gajewski TF, Garbe C, Khleif S, Kiessling R, Lo R, Lorigan P, Arthur GM, Masucci G, Melero I, Mihm M, Palmieri G, Parmiani G, Puzanov I, Romero P, Schilling B, Seliger B, Stroncek D, Taube J, Tomei S, Zarour HM, Testori A, Wang E, Galon J, Ciliberto G, Mozzillo N, Marincola FM, Thurin M. Future perspectives in melanoma research: meeting report from the "Melanoma Bridge": Napoli, December 3rd-6th 2014. J Transl Med 2015; 13:374. [PMID: 26619946 PMCID: PMC4665874 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth "Melanoma Bridge Meeting" took place in Naples, December 3-6th, 2014. The four topics discussed at this meeting were: Molecular and Immunological Advances, Combination Therapies, News in Immunotherapy, and Tumor Microenvironment and Biomarkers. Until recently systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma patients was ineffective, but recent advances in tumor biology and immunology have led to the development of new targeted and immunotherapeutic agents that prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). New therapies, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors as well as other signaling pathway inhibitors, are being tested in patients with metastatic melanoma either as monotherapy or in combination, and all have yielded promising results. These include inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases (BRAF, MEK, and VEGFR), the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway [PI3K, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)], activators of apoptotic pathway, and the cell cycle inhibitors (CDK4/6). Various locoregional interventions including radiotherapy and surgery are still valid approaches in treatment of advanced melanoma that can be integrated with novel therapies. Intrinsic, adaptive and acquired resistance occur with targeted therapy such as BRAF inhibitors, where most responses are short-lived. Given that the reactivation of the MAPK pathway through several distinct mechanisms is responsible for the majority of acquired resistance, it is logical to combine BRAF inhibitors with inhibitors of targets downstream in the MAPK pathway. For example, combination of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (e.g., dabrafenib/trametinib) have been demonstrated to improve survival compared to monotherapy. Application of novel technologies such sequencing have proven useful as a tool for identification of MAPK pathway-alternative resistance mechanism and designing other combinatorial therapies such as those between BRAF and AKT inhibitors. Improved survival rates have also been observed with immune-targeted therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma. Immune-modulating antibodies came to the forefront with anti-CTLA-4, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway blocking antibodies that result in durable responses in a subset of melanoma patients. Agents targeting other immune inhibitory (e.g., Tim-3) or immune stimulating (e.g., CD137) receptors and other approaches such as adoptive cell transfer demonstrate clinical benefit in patients with melanoma as well. These agents are being studied in combination with targeted therapies in attempt to produce longer-term responses than those more typically seen with targeted therapy. Other combinations with cytotoxic chemotherapy and inhibitors of angiogenesis are changing the evolving landscape of therapeutic options and are being evaluated to prevent or delay resistance and to further improve survival rates for this patient population. This meeting's specific focus was on advances in combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Both combination targeted therapy approaches and different immunotherapies were discussed. Similarly to the previous meetings, the importance of biomarkers for clinical application as markers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of treatment response was an integral part of the meeting. The overall emphasis on biomarkers supports novel concepts toward integrating biomarkers into contemporary clinical management of patients with melanoma across the entire spectrum of disease stage. Translation of the knowledge gained from the biology of tumor microenvironment across different tumors represents a bridge to impact on prognosis and response to therapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Michael Atkins
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Alistair Cochran
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Silvia Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Departments of Medicine and of Pathology, Immunology and Cancer Program, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermato Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Samir Khleif
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Roger Lo
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Lorigan
- University of Manchester/Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Grant Mc Arthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Giuseppe Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, The Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Martin Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Parmiani
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Unit of Bio-Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors, San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Janis Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University SOM, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sara Tomei
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Departments of Medicine, Immunology and Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Ena Wang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
| | | | - Nicola Mozzillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Magdalena Thurin
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Martins KAO, Cooper CL, Stronsky SM, Norris SLW, Kwilas SA, Steffens JT, Benko JG, van Tongeren SA, Bavari S. Adjuvant-enhanced CD4 T Cell Responses are Critical to Durable Vaccine Immunity. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:67-78. [PMID: 26870818 PMCID: PMC4739439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based vaccines offer a safer alternative to live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines but have limited immunogenicity. The identification of adjuvants that augment immunogenicity, specifically in a manner that is durable and antigen-specific, is therefore critical for advanced development. In this study, we use the filovirus virus-like particle (VLP) as a model protein-based vaccine in order to evaluate the impact of four candidate vaccine adjuvants on enhancing long term protection from Ebola virus challenge. Adjuvants tested include poly-ICLC (Hiltonol), MPLA, CpG 2395, and alhydrogel. We compared and contrasted antibody responses, neutralizing antibody responses, effector T cell responses, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell frequencies with each adjuvant's impact on durable protection. We demonstrate that in this system, the most effective adjuvant elicits a Th1-skewed antibody response and strong CD4 T cell responses, including an increase in Tfh frequency. Using immune-deficient animals and adoptive transfer of serum and cells from vaccinated animals into naïve animals, we further demonstrate that serum and CD4 T cells play a critical role in conferring protection within effective vaccination regimens. These studies inform on the requirements of long term immune protection, which can potentially be used to guide screening of clinical-grade adjuvants for vaccine clinical development. Adjuvants can prolong the protection afforded by protein-based vaccines and impact adaptive immune responses Enhanced CD4 T cell responses, helper and effector, correlate with duration of protection Durable protection from ma-EBOV is associated with Tfh frequency, Th1 antibody titers, and effector CD4 T cells
Protein-based vaccines are extremely safe, but they sometimes require the addition of adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. In this study, we compared the impact of multiple adjuvants on immunogenicity, focusing on the duration of vaccine-mediated protection in mice. We then looked at how each adjuvant impacted the immune response in order to identify correlates of that long lasting immunity. The most effective adjuvant/vaccine combinations elicited multifunctional CD4 T cell responses and a Th1-skewed antibody response. By transferring antigen-experienced CD4 T cells and serum into naïve animals, we demonstrated that both CD4 T cells and serum were critical for durable vaccine-mediated protection.
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Key Words
- Adjuvant
- BME, beta mercaptoethanol
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DSCF, Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner
- Durable protection
- ELISA, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- Ebola virus
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GP, glycoprotein
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- IM, intramuscular
- IP, intraperitoneal
- IQR, interquartile range
- Immune correlates
- LN, lymph node
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- NAb, neutralizing antibody
- Ns, not significant
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PRR, pattern recognition receptor
- Pfu, plaque forming unit
- PsVNA, pseudovirion neutralization assay
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- USAMRIID, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
- VLP, virus-like particle
- Vaccine
- ma-EBOV, mouse-adapted Ebola virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A O Martins
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Cooper
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina M Stronsky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L W Norris
- Research Support Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jesse T Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline G Benko
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sean A van Tongeren
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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45
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Anz D, Rapp M, Eiber S, Koelzer VH, Thaler R, Haubner S, Knott M, Nagel S, Golic M, Wiedemann GM, Bauernfeind F, Wurzenberger C, Hornung V, Scholz C, Mayr D, Rothenfusser S, Endres S, Bourquin C. Suppression of intratumoral CCL22 by type i interferon inhibits migration of regulatory T cells and blocks cancer progression. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4483-93. [PMID: 26432403 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CCL22 is abundantly expressed in many types of cancer and is instrumental for intratumoral recruitment of regulatory T cells (Treg), an important subset of immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting lymphocytes. In this study, we offer evidence for a generalized strategy to blunt Treg activity that can limit immune escape and promote tumor rejection. Activation of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor (TLR) or RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) ligands prevented accumulation of Treg in tumors by blocking their immigration. Mechanistic investigations indicated that Treg blockade was a consequence of reduced intratumoral CCL22 levels caused by type I IFN. Notably, stable expression of CCL22 abrogated the antitumor effects of treatment with RLR or TLR ligands. Taken together, our findings argue that type I IFN blocks the Treg-attracting chemokine CCL22 and thus helps limit the recruitment of Treg to tumors, a finding with implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Anz
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Rapp
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Eiber
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffael Thaler
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Haubner
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Knott
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Nagel
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Golic
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela M Wiedemann
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bauernfeind
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wurzenberger
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Institute of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Scholz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Carole Bourquin
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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46
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Peres LDP, da Luz FAC, Pultz BDA, Brígido PC, de Araújo RA, Goulart LR, Silva MJB. Peptide vaccines in breast cancer: The immunological basis for clinical response. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1868-77. [PMID: 26523780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses peptide-based vaccines in breast cancer, immune responses and clinical outcomes, which include studies on animal models and phase I, phase I/II, phase II and phase III clinical trials. Peptide-based vaccines are powerful neoadjuvant immunotherapies that can directly target proteins expressed in tumor cells, mainly tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The most common breast cancer TAA epitopes are derived from MUC1, HER2/neu and CEA proteins. Peptides derived from TAAs could be successfully used to elicit CD8 and CD4 T cell-specific responses. Thus, choosing peptides that adapt to natural variations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes is critical. The most attractive advantage is that the target response is more specific and less toxic than for other therapies and vaccines. Prominent studies on NeuVax - E75 (epitope for HER2/neu and GM-CSF) in breast cancer and DPX-0907 (HLA-A2-TAAs) expressed in breast cancer, ovarian and prostate cancer have shown the efficacy of peptide-based vaccines as neoadjuvant immunotherapy against cancer. Future peptide vaccine strategies, although a challenge to be applied in a broad range of breast cancers, point to the development of degenerate multi-epitope immunogens against multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de Paula Peres
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Brunna dos Anjos Pultz
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Brígido
- Laboratório de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, (INGEB), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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47
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Jackson CM, Kochel CM, Nirschl CJ, Durham NM, Ruzevick J, Alme A, Francica BJ, Elias J, Daniels A, Dubensky TW, Lauer P, Brockstedt DG, Baxi EG, Calabresi PA, Taube JM, Pardo CA, Brem H, Pardoll DM, Lim M, Drake CG. Systemic Tolerance Mediated by Melanoma Brain Tumors Is Reversible by Radiotherapy and Vaccination. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1161-72. [PMID: 26490306 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune responses to antigens originating in the central nervous system (CNS) are generally attenuated, as collateral damage can have devastating consequences. The significance of this finding for the efficacy of tumor-targeted immunotherapies is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The B16 murine melanoma model was used to compare cytotoxic responses against established tumors in the CNS and in the periphery. Cytokine analysis of tissues from brain tumor-bearing mice detected elevated TGFβ secretion from microglia and in the serum and TGFβ signaling blockade reversed tolerance of tumor antigen-directed CD8 T cells. In addition, a treatment regimen using focal radiation therapy and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated for immunologic activity and efficacy in this model. RESULTS CNS melanomas were more tolerogenic than equivalently progressed tumors outside the CNS as antigen-specific CD8 T cells were deleted and exhibited impaired cytotoxicity. Tumor-bearing mice had elevated serum levels of TGFβ; however, blocking TGFβ signaling with a small-molecule inhibitor or a monoclonal antibody did not improve survival. Conversely, tumor antigen-specific vaccination in combination with focal radiation therapy reversed tolerance and improved survival. This treatment regimen was associated with increased polyfunctionality of CD8 T cells, elevated T effector to T regulatory cell ratios, and decreased TGFβ secretion from microglia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CNS tumors may impair systemic antitumor immunity and consequently accelerate cancer progression locally as well as outside the CNS, whereas antitumor immunity may be restored by combining vaccination with radiation therapy. These findings are hypothesis-generating and warrant further study in contemporary melanoma models as well as human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Durham
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacob Ruzevick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angela Alme
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian J Francica
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jimmy Elias
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Emily G Baxi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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48
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Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality for cancer as it can promote specific and durable anti-cancer responses. However, limitations to current approaches remain. Therapeutics administered as soluble injections often require high doses and frequent re-dosing, which can result in systemic toxicities. Soluble bolus-based vaccine formulations typically elicit weak cellular immune responses, limiting their use for cancer. Current methods for ex vivo T cell expansion for adoptive T cell therapies are suboptimal, and achieving high T cell persistence and sustained functionality with limited systemic toxicity following transfer remains challenging. Biomaterials can play important roles in addressing some of these limitations. For example, nanomaterials can be employed as vehicles to deliver immune modulating payloads to specific tissues, cells, and cellular compartments with minimal off-target toxicity, or to co-deliver antigen and danger signal in therapeutic vaccine formulations. Alternatively, micro-to macroscale materials can be employed as devices for controlled molecular and cellular delivery, or as engineered microenvironments for recruiting and programming immune cells in situ. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for combining cancer immunotherapy and biomaterials, and the application of biomaterials to cancer immunotherapy is likely to enable the development of effective next-generation platforms. This review discusses the application of engineered materials for the delivery of immune modulating agents to the tumor microenvironment, therapeutic cancer vaccination, and adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Cheung
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J. Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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49
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Kuhn S, Yang J, Hyde EJ, Harper JL, Kirman JR, Ronchese F. IL-1βR-dependent priming of antitumor CD4 + T cells and sustained antitumor immunity after peri-tumoral treatment with MSU and mycobacteria. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1042199. [PMID: 26451307 PMCID: PMC4589042 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1042199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Local immune-activating therapies seek to improve the presentation of tumor antigen, thereby promoting the activation of antitumor CD8+ T cells and delaying tumor growth. Surprisingly, little is known about the ability of these therapies to stimulate antitumor CD4+ T cells. We examined tumor-specific CD4+ T cell responses after peri-tumoral administration of the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), or the danger signal monosodium urate crystals in combination with Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSU + Msmeg) in mice. Both treatments delayed tumor growth, however, only MSU + Msmeg induced proliferation of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph node (dLN). In line with the proliferation data, administration of MSU + Msmeg, but not poly I:C, enhanced the infiltration of CD4+FoxP3− T cells into the tumor, increased their capacity to produce IFNγ and TNF-α, and decreased PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Induction of CD4+ T cell proliferation by treatment with MSU + Msmeg required IL-1βR signaling, as it was blocked by administration of the IL-1βR antagonist Anakinra. In addition, treatment with Anakinra or with anti-CD4 also reversed the increased survival after tumor challenge in MSU + Msmeg treated mice. Thus, peri-tumoral treatment with MSU + Msmeg results in IL-1βR-dependent priming of antitumor CD4+ T cells in the LN, with consequent superior activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the tumor, and sustained antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuhn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research ; Wellington, New Zealand ; Victoria University of Wellington ; Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Yang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research ; Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Evelyn J Hyde
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research ; Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jacquie L Harper
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research ; Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joanna R Kirman
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research ; Wellington, New Zealand ; Current address: Department of Microbiology; University of Otago ; Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research ; Wellington, New Zealand
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50
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Derouazi M, Di Berardino-Besson W, Belnoue E, Hoepner S, Walther R, Benkhoucha M, Teta P, Dufour Y, Yacoub Maroun C, Salazar AM, Martinvalet D, Dietrich PY, Walker PR. Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Vaccine Induces Robust CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3020-31. [PMID: 26116496 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines that can coordinately induce multi-epitope T cell-mediated immunity, T helper functions, and immunologic memory may offer effective tools for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report the development of a new class of recombinant protein cancer vaccines that deliver different CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell epitopes presented by MHC class I and class II alleles, respectively. In these vaccines, the recombinant protein is fused with Z12, a novel cell-penetrating peptide that promotes efficient protein loading into the antigen-processing machinery of dendritic cells. Z12 elicited an integrated and multi-epitopic immune response with persistent effector T cells. Therapy with Z12-formulated vaccines prolonged survival in three robust tumor models, with the longest survival in an orthotopic model of aggressive brain cancer. Analysis of the tumor sites showed antigen-specific T-cell accumulation with favorable modulation of the balance of the immune infiltrate. Taken together, the results offered a preclinical proof of concept for the use of Z12-formulated vaccines as a versatile platform for the development of effective cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Derouazi
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Sabine Hoepner
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romy Walther
- University of Toulouse, CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, Toulouse, France
| | - Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Teta
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Dufour
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Yacoub Maroun
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis Martinvalet
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Walker
- Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Centre of Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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