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Lyu Y, Meng Z, Hu Y, Jiang B, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhou J, Li M, Wang H. Mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1394932. [PMID: 39169952 PMCID: PMC11335644 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1394932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases have consistently represented a significant challenge in both clinical treatment and scientific research. As research has progressed, the significance of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological diseases has become increasingly prominent. Mitochondria serve not only as a source of energy, but also as regulators of cellular growth and death. Both oxidative stress and mitophagy are intimately associated with mitochondria, and there is mounting evidence that mitophagy and oxidative stress exert a pivotal regulatory influence on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), vascular dementia (VaD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which collectively represent a significant public health concern. Reduced levels of mitophagy have been observed in CI/RI, VaD and AD. The improvement of associated pathology has been demonstrated through the increase of mitophagy levels. CI/RI results in cerebral tissue ischemia and hypoxia, which causes oxidative stress, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and damage to the cerebral vasculature. The BBB disruption and cerebral vascular injury may induce or exacerbate VaD to some extent. In addition, inadequate cerebral perfusion due to vascular injury or altered function may exacerbate the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) thereby contributing to or exacerbating AD pathology. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; alteplase) and endovascular thrombectomy are effective treatments for stroke. However, there is a narrow window of opportunity for the administration of tPA and thrombectomy, which results in a markedly elevated incidence of disability among patients with CI/RI. It is regrettable that there are currently no there are still no specific drugs for VaD and AD. Despite the availability of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical first-line drugs for AD, including memantine, donepezil hydrochloride, and galantamine, these agents do not fundamentally block the pathological process of AD. In this paper, we undertake a review of the mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in neurological disorders, a summary of the clinical trials conducted in recent years, and a proposal for a new strategy for targeted treatment of neurological disorders based on both mitophagy and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lyu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Xichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xichang, China
| | - Mingcheng Li
- Qujing 69 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Qujing, China
| | - Huping Wang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Prescription Innovation and Transformation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Laboratory for TCM New Products Development Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Ren Z, Yang K, Zhu L, Yin D, Zhou Y. Regulatory T cells as crucial trigger and potential target for hyperprogressive disease subsequent to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111934. [PMID: 38574701 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has brought great success to cancer treatment. Nevertheless, limited beneficiary populations and even hyperprogressive disease (HPD) greatly constrain the application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical treatment. HPD is a special pattern of disease progression with rapid tumor growth and even serious consequences of patient death, which requires urgent attention. Among the many predisposing causes of HPD, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are suspected because they are amplified in cases of HPD. Tregs express PD-1 thus PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy may have an impact on Tregs which leads to HPD. Tregs are a subset of CD4+ T cells expressing FoxP3 and play critical roles in suppressing immunity. Tregs migrate toward tumors in the presence of chemokines to suppress antitumor immune responses, causing cancer cells to grow and proliferate. Studies have shown that deleting Tregs could enhance the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and reduce the occurrence of HPD. This suggests that immunotherapy combined with Treg depletion may be an effective means of avoiding HPD. In this review, we summarized the immunosuppressive-related functions of Tregs in antitumor therapy and focused on advances in therapy combining Tregs depletion with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in clinical studies. Moreover, we provided an outlook on Treg-targeted HPD early warning for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Kaiqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Santiso A, Heinemann A, Kargl J. Prostaglandin E2 in the Tumor Microenvironment, a Convoluted Affair Mediated by EP Receptors 2 and 4. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:388-413. [PMID: 38697857 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system in cancer progression has long been recognized. PGE2 functions as an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule with pleiotropic effects in the human body. High levels of intratumoral PGE2 and overexpression of the key metabolic enzymes of PGE2 have been observed and suggested to contribute to tumor progression. This has been claimed for different types of solid tumors, including, but not limited to, lung, breast, and colon cancer. PGE2 has direct effects on tumor cells and angiogenesis that are known to promote tumor development. However, one of the main mechanisms behind PGE2 driving cancerogenesis is currently thought to be anchored in suppressed antitumor immunity, thus providing possible therapeutic targets to be used in cancer immunotherapies. EP2 and EP4, two receptors for PGE2, are emerging as being the most relevant for this purpose. This review aims to summarize the known roles of PGE2 in the immune system and its functions within the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has long been known to be a signaling molecule in cancer. Its presence in tumors has been repeatedly associated with disease progression. Elucidation of its effects on immunological components of the tumor microenvironment has highlighted the potential of PGE2 receptor antagonists in cancer treatment, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutics. Adjuvant treatment could increase the response rates and the efficacy of immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santiso
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Tan C, Nie X, Zhao Z, Hou J. Wnt signaling: Modulating tumor-associated macrophages and related immunotherapeutic insights. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116154. [PMID: 38513742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are highly conserved cascades that mediate multiple biological processes through canonical or noncanonical pathways, from embryonic development to tissue maintenance, but they also contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous cancers. Recent studies have revealed that Wnt signaling pathways critically control the interplay between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and potentially impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the evidence that Wnt signaling pathways boost the maturation and infiltration of macrophages for immune surveillance in the steady state but also polarize TAMs toward immunosuppressive M2-like phenotypes for immune escape in the TME. Both cancer cells and TAMs utilize Wnt signaling to transmit signals, and this interaction is crucial for the carcinogenesis and progression of common solid cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, breast, thyroid, prostate, kidney, and lung cancers; osteosarcoma; and glioma. Specifically, compared with those in solid cancers, Wnt signaling pathways play a distinct role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Efforts to develop Wnt-based drugs for cancer treatment are still ongoing, and some indeed enhance the anticancer immune response. We believe that the combination of Wnt signaling-based therapy with conventional or immune therapies is a promising therapeutic approach and can facilitate personalized treatment for most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Provincial Research Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Prostate Diseases, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Provincial Research Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Prostate Diseases, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Junqing Hou
- Kaifeng 155 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd., Kaifeng, China; Henan Provincial Research Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Prostate Diseases, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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Imodoye SO, Adedokun KA, Bello IO. From complexity to clarity: unravelling tumor heterogeneity through the lens of tumor microenvironment for innovative cancer therapy. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:299-323. [PMID: 38189822 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous clinical successes recorded in the landscape of cancer therapy, tumor heterogeneity remains a formidable challenge to successful cancer treatment. In recent years, the emergence of high-throughput technologies has advanced our understanding of the variables influencing tumor heterogeneity beyond intrinsic tumor characteristics. Emerging knowledge shows that drivers of tumor heterogeneity are not only intrinsic to cancer cells but can also emanate from their microenvironment, which significantly favors tumor progression and impairs therapeutic response. Although much has been explored to understand the fundamentals of the influence of innate tumor factors on cancer diversity, the roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often undervalued. It is therefore imperative that a clear understanding of the interactions between the TME and other tumor intrinsic factors underlying the plastic molecular behaviors of cancers be identified to develop patient-specific treatment strategies. This review highlights the roles of the TME as an emerging factor in tumor heterogeneity. More particularly, we discuss the role of the TME in the context of tumor heterogeneity and explore the cutting-edge diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that could be used to resolve this recurring clinical conundrum. We conclude by speculating on exciting research questions that can advance our understanding of tumor heterogeneity with the goal of developing customized therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikiru O Imodoye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Kamoru A Adedokun
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ibrahim O Bello
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Leone P, Malerba E, Susca N, Favoino E, Perosa F, Brunori G, Prete M, Racanelli V. Endothelial cells in tumor microenvironment: insights and perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367875. [PMID: 38426109 PMCID: PMC10902062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly complex and dynamic mixture of cell types, including tumor, immune and endothelial cells (ECs), soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), blood vessels and extracellular matrix. Within this complex network, ECs are not only relevant for controlling blood fluidity and permeability, and orchestrating tumor angiogenesis but also for regulating the antitumor immune response. Lining the luminal side of vessels, ECs check the passage of molecules into the tumor compartment, regulate cellular transmigration, and interact with both circulating pathogens and innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, they represent a first-line defense system that participates in immune responses. Tumor-associated ECs are involved in T cell priming, activation, and proliferation by acting as semi-professional antigen presenting cells. Thus, targeting ECs may assist in improving antitumor immune cell functions. Moreover, tumor-associated ECs contribute to the development at the tumor site of tertiary lymphoid structures, which have recently been associated with enhanced response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). When compared to normal ECs, tumor-associated ECs are abnormal in terms of phenotype, genetic expression profile, and functions. They are characterized by high proliferative potential and the ability to activate immunosuppressive mechanisms that support tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. A complete phenotypic and functional characterization of tumor-associated ECs could be helpful to clarify their complex role within the tumor microenvironment and to identify EC specific drug targets to improve cancer therapy. The emerging therapeutic strategies based on the combination of anti-angiogenic treatments with immunotherapy strategies, including ICI, CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies aim to impact both ECs and immune cells to block angiogenesis and at the same time to increase recruitment and activation of effector cells within the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Susca
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elvira Favoino
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Internal Medicine Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
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7
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McWhorter R, Bonavida B. The Role of TAMs in the Regulation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:97-125. [PMID: 38989740 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024053667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant cell infiltrate in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs are central to fostering pro-inflammatory conditions, tumor growth, metastasis, and inhibiting therapy responses. Many cancer patients are innately refractory to chemotherapy and or develop resistance following initial treatments. There is a clinical correlation between the level of TAMs in the TME and chemoresistance. Hence, the pivotal role of TAMs in contributing to chemoresistance has garnered significant attention toward targeting TAMs to reverse this resistance. A prerequisite for such an approach requires a thorough understanding of the various underlying mechanisms by which TAMs inhibit response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Such mechanisms include enhancing drug efflux, regulating drug metabolism and detoxification, supporting cancer stem cell (CSCs) resistance, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inhibiting drug penetration and its metabolism, stimulating angiogenesis, impacting inhibitory STAT3/NF-κB survival pathways, and releasing specific inhibitory cytokines including TGF-β and IL-10. Accordingly, several strategies have been developed to overcome TAM-modulated chemoresistance. These include novel therapies that aim to deplete TAMs, repolarize them toward the anti-tumor M1-like phenotype, or block recruitment of monocytes into the TME. Current results from TAM-targeted treatments have been unimpressive; however, the use of TAM-targeted therapies in combination appears promising These include targeting TAMs with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemokine receptor inhibitors, immunotherapy, and loaded nanoparticles. The clinical limitations of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747, USA
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Aizaz M, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Musad Saleh EA, Nisar M, Baran N. The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259034. [PMID: 38033495 PMCID: PMC10682792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent an important component of the innate immune system. Under physiological conditions, macrophages, which are essential phagocytes, maintain a proinflammatory response and repair damaged tissue. However, these processes are often impaired upon tumorigenesis, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) protect and support the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells and promote suppression of antitumor immunity. TAM abundance is closely associated with poor outcome of cancer, with impediment of chemotherapy effectiveness and ultimately a dismal therapy response and inferior overall survival. Thus, cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs is an important target for immune checkpoint therapies and metabolic interventions, spurring interest in it as a therapeutic vulnerability for both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Furthermore, targeting of this cross-talk has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the antibody against CD47 protein, a critical macrophage checkpoint recognized as the "don't eat me" signal, as well as other metabolism-focused strategies. Therapies targeting CD47 constitute an important milestone in the advancement of anticancer research and have had promising effects on not only phagocytosis activation but also innate and adaptive immune system activation, effectively counteracting tumor cells' evasion of therapy as shown in the context of myeloid cancers. Targeting of CD47 signaling is only one of several possibilities to reverse the immunosuppressive and tumor-protective tumor environment with the aim of enhancing the antitumor response. Several preclinical studies identified signaling pathways that regulate the recruitment, polarization, or metabolism of TAMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in cancer progression and the mechanisms by which they communicate with tumor cells. Additionally, we dissect various therapeutic strategies developed to target macrophage-tumor cell cross-talk, including modulation of macrophage polarization, blockade of signaling pathways, and disruption of physical interactions between leukemia cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with tumor hypoxia and acidosis as barriers to effective cancer therapy and discuss opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aakif Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Pintor S, Lopez A, Flores D, Lozoya B, Soti B, Pokhrel R, Negrete J, Persans MW, Gilkerson R, Gunn B, Keniry M. FOXO1 promotes the expression of canonical WNT target genes in examined basal-like breast and glioblastoma multiforme cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2108-2123. [PMID: 37584250 PMCID: PMC10626282 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are aggressive cancers associated with poor prognosis. BBC and GBM have stem cell-like gene expression signatures, which are in part driven by forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors. To gain further insight into the impact of FOXO1 in BBC, we treated BT549 cells with AS1842856 and performed RNA sequencing. AS1842856 binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 and inhibits its ability to directly bind to DNA. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that a set of WNT pathway target genes, including lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and transcription factor 7 (TCF7), were robustly induced after AS1842856 treatment. These same genes were also induced in GBM cell lines U87MG, LN18, LN229, A172, and DBTRG upon AS1842856 treatment. By contrast, follow-up RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of FOXO1 led to reduced LEF1 and TCF7 gene expression in BT549 and U87MG cells. In agreement with RNAi experiments, CRISPR Cas9-mediated FOXO1 disruption reduced the expression of canonical WNT genes LEF1 and TCF7 in U87MG cells. The loss of TCF7 gene expression in FOXO1 disruption mutants was restored by exogenous expression of the DNA-binding-deficient FOXO1-H215R. Therefore, FOXO1 induces TCF7 in a DNA-binding-independent manner, similar to other published FOXO1-activated genes such as TCF4 and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1. Our work demonstrates that FOXO1 promotes canonical WNT gene expression in examined BBC and GBM cells, similar to results found in Drosophila melanogaster, T-cell development, and murine acute myeloid leukemia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shania Pintor
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Alma Lopez
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - David Flores
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Brianda Lozoya
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Bipul Soti
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Rishi Pokhrel
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Joaquin Negrete
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Michael W. Persans
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Robert Gilkerson
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
- Medical Laboratory SciencesThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Bonnie Gunn
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of BiologyThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTXUSA
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10
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Wang L, Yi S, Teng Y, Li W, Cai J. Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:486. [PMID: 37753293 PMCID: PMC10518654 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is the primary type of cervical cancer metastasis and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis in patients. The tumor microenvironment primarily includes cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, immune and inflammatory cells, and blood and lymphatic vascular networks, which can promote the establishment of lymphatic metastatic sites within immunosuppressive microenvironments or promote lymphatic metastasis by stimulating lymphangiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. As the most important feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia plays an essential role in lymph node metastasis. In this review, the known mechanisms of hypoxia, and the involvement of stromal components and immune inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment of lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer are discussed. Additionally, a summary of the clinical trials targeting the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cervical cancer is provided, emphasizing the potential and challenges of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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11
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Huang Q, Liu L, Xiao D, Huang Z, Wang W, Zhai K, Fang X, Kim J, Liu J, Liang W, He J, Bao S. CD44 + lung cancer stem cell-derived pericyte-like cells cause brain metastases through GPR124-enhanced trans-endothelial migration. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1621-1636.e8. [PMID: 37595587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis of lung cancer causes high mortality, but the exact mechanisms underlying the metastasis remain unclear. Here we report that vascular pericytes derived from CD44+ lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) potently cause brain metastases through the G-protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124)-enhanced trans-endothelial migration (TEM). CD44+ CSCs in perivascular niches generate the majority of vascular pericytes in lung ADC. CSC-derived pericyte-like cells (Cd-pericytes) exhibit remarkable TEM capacity to effectively intravasate into the vessel lumina, survive in the circulation, extravasate into the brain parenchyma, and then de-differentiate into tumorigenic CSCs to form metastases. Cd-pericytes uniquely express GPR124 that activates Wnt7-β-catenin signaling to enhance TEM capacity of Cd-pericytes for intravasation and extravasation, two critical steps during tumor metastasis. Furthermore, selective disruption of Cd-pericytes, GPR124, or the Wnt7-β-catenin signaling markedly reduces brain and liver metastases of lung ADC. Our findings uncover an unappreciated cellular and molecular paradigm driving tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Dakai Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jongmyung Kim
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - James Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, and the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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12
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Fang J, Lu Y, Zheng J, Jiang X, Shen H, Shang X, Lu Y, Fu P. Exploring the crosstalk between endothelial cells, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: new insights and therapeutic implications. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:586. [PMID: 37666809 PMCID: PMC10477350 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly intricate milieu, comprising a multitude of components, including immune cells and stromal cells, that exert a profound influence on tumor initiation and progression. Within the TME, angiogenesis is predominantly orchestrated by endothelial cells (ECs), which foster the proliferation and metastasis of malignant cells. The interplay between tumor and immune cells with ECs is complex and can either bolster or hinder the immune system. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate crosstalk between ECs and immune cells is essential to advance the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite recent progress, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the interplay between ECs and immune cells remain elusive. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory function of ECs has emerged as a pivotal determinant of the immune response. In light of this, the study of the relationship between ECs and immune checkpoints has garnered considerable attention in the field of immunotherapy. By targeting specific molecular pathways and signaling molecules associated with ECs in the TME, novel immunotherapeutic strategies may be devised to enhance the efficacy of current treatments. In this vein, we sought to elucidate the relationship between ECs, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the TME, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets and charting new avenues for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Fang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 323000, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaocong Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixing Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Cixi People's Hospital, 315300, Cixi, China
| | - Xi Shang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuexin Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Liu L, Xiao B, Hirukawa A, Smith HW, Zuo D, Sanguin-Gendreau V, McCaffrey L, Nam AJ, Muller WJ. Ezh2 promotes mammary tumor initiation through epigenetic regulation of the Wnt and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303010120. [PMID: 37549258 PMCID: PMC10438390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression through histone posttranslational modifications plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of histone modification to tumor initiation remain unclear. To gain a deeper understanding of the role of the histone modifier Enhancer of Zeste homology 2 (Ezh2) in the early stages of mammary tumor progression, we employed an inducible mammary organoid system bearing conditional Ezh2 alleles that faithfully recapitulates key events of luminal B breast cancer initiation. We showed that the loss of Ezh2 severely impairs oncogene-induced organoid growth, with Ezh2-deficient organoids maintaining a polarized epithelial phenotype. Transcriptomic profiling showed that Ezh2-deficient mammary epithelial cells up-regulated the expression of negative regulators of Wnt signaling and down-regulated genes involved in mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling. We identified Sfrp1, a Wnt signaling suppressor, as an Ezh2 target gene that is derepressed and expressed in Ezh2-deficient epithelium. Furthermore, an analysis of breast cancer data revealed that Sfrp1 expression was associated with favorable clinical outcomes in luminal B breast cancer patients. Finally, we confirmed that targeting Ezh2 impairs mTORC1 activity through an indirect mechanism that up-regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor Pten. These findings indicate that Ezh2 integrates the mTORC1 and Wnt signaling pathways during early mammary tumor progression, arguing that inhibiting Ezh2 or therapeutically targeting Ezh2-dependent programs could be beneficial for the treatment of early-stage luminal B breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Liu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Bin Xiao
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alison Hirukawa
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Harvey W. Smith
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Virginie Sanguin-Gendreau
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A0G4, Canada
| | - Alice Jisoo Nam
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - William J. Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
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14
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Salemme V, Vedelago M, Sarcinella A, Moietta F, Piccolantonio A, Moiso E, Centonze G, Manco M, Guala A, Lamolinara A, Angelini C, Morellato A, Natalini D, Calogero R, Incarnato D, Oliviero S, Conti L, Iezzi M, Tosoni D, Bertalot G, Freddi S, Tucci FA, De Sanctis F, Frusteri C, Ugel S, Bronte V, Cavallo F, Provero P, Gai M, Taverna D, Turco E, Pece S, Defilippi P. p140Cap inhibits β-Catenin in the breast cancer stem cell compartment instructing a protective anti-tumor immune response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2350. [PMID: 37169737 PMCID: PMC10175288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The p140Cap adaptor protein is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer associated with a favorable prognosis. Here we highlight a function of p140Cap in orchestrating local and systemic tumor-extrinsic events that eventually result in inhibition of the polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell function in creating an immunosuppressive tumor-promoting environment in the primary tumor, and premetastatic niches at distant sites. Integrative transcriptomic and preclinical studies unravel that p140Cap controls an epistatic axis where, through the upstream inhibition of β-Catenin, it restricts tumorigenicity and self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells limiting the release of the inflammatory cytokine G-CSF, required for polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells to exert their local and systemic tumor conducive function. Mechanistically, p140Cap inhibition of β-Catenin depends on its ability to localize in and stabilize the β-Catenin destruction complex, promoting enhanced β-Catenin inactivation. Clinical studies in women show that low p140Cap expression correlates with reduced presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and more aggressive tumor types in a large cohort of real-life female breast cancer patients, highlighting the potential of p140Cap as a biomarker for therapeutic intervention targeting the β-Catenin/ Tumor-initiating cells /G-CSF/ polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell axis to restore an efficient anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Vedelago
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sarcinella
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Moietta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Piccolantonio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Moiso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Manco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Guala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Danny Incarnato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy and IIGM, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Freddi
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco A Tucci
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Frusteri
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza, 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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15
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Kramer ED, Tzetzo SL, Colligan SH, Hensen ML, Brackett CM, Clausen BE, Taketo MM, Abrams SI. β-Catenin signaling in alveolar macrophages enhances lung metastasis through a TNF-dependent mechanism. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e160978. [PMID: 37092550 PMCID: PMC10243816 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The main cause of malignancy-related mortality is metastasis. Although metastatic progression is driven by diverse tumor-intrinsic mechanisms, there is a growing appreciation for the contribution of tumor-extrinsic elements of the tumor microenvironment, especially macrophages, which correlate with poor clinical outcomes. Macrophages consist of bone marrow-derived and tissue-resident populations. In contrast to bone marrow-derived macrophages, the transcriptional pathways that govern the pro-metastatic activities of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) remain less clear. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are a TRM population with critical roles in tissue homeostasis and metastasis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of cancer and has been identified as a pathologic regulator of AMs in infection. We tested the hypothesis that β-catenin expression in AMs enhances metastasis in solid tumor models. Using a genetic β-catenin gain-of-function approach, we demonstrated that (a) enhanced β-catenin in AMs heightened lung metastasis; (b) β-catenin activity in AMs drove a dysregulated inflammatory program strongly associated with Tnf expression; and (c) localized TNF-α blockade abrogated this metastatic outcome. Last, β-catenin gene CTNNB1 and TNF expression levels were positively correlated in AMs of patients with lung cancer. Overall, our findings revealed a Wnt/β-catenin/TNF-α pro-metastatic axis in AMs with potential therapeutic implications against tumors refractory to the antineoplastic actions of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig M. Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Björn E. Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Makoto M. Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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El-Arabey AA, Alkhalil SS, Al-Shouli ST, Awadalla ME, Alhamdi HW, Almanaa TN, Mohamed SSEM, Abdalla M. Revisiting macrophages in ovarian cancer microenvironment: development, function and interaction. Med Oncol 2023; 40:142. [PMID: 37039909 PMCID: PMC10090027 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been linked to immunosuppression and poor prognosis. TAMs have been shown to be harmful in ovarian cancer (OC), with a positive correlation between their high levels of tumors and poor overall patient survival. These cells are crucial in the progression and chemoresistance of OC. The primary pro-tumoral role of TAMs is the release of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, and exosomes that directly enhance the invasion potential and chemoresistance of OC by activating their pro-survival signalling pathways. TAMs play a crucial role in the metastasis of OC in the peritoneum and ascities by assisting in spheroid formation and cancer cell adhesion to the metastatic regions. Furthermore, TAMs interact with tumor protein p53 (TP53), exosomes, and other immune cells, such as stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to support the progression and metastasis of OC. In this review we revisit development, functions and interactions of TAMs in the TME of OC patients to highlight and shed light on challenges and excitement down the road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751 Egypt
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T. Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Heba W. Alhamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Saif Eldin M. Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory science, College of Applied Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022 Shandong China
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17
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Katanaev VL, Baldin A, Denisenko TV, Silachev DN, Ivanova AE, Sukhikh GT, Jia L, Ashrafyan LA. Cells of the tumor microenvironment speak the Wnt language. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:468-480. [PMID: 37045723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays numerous functions in cancer, from primary transformation and tumor growth to metastasis. In addition to these cancer cell-intrinsic functions, Wnt signaling emerges to critically control cross-communication among cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we summarize the evidence that not only multiple cancer cell types, but also cells constituting the TME 'speak the Wnt language'. Fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelia, and lymphocytes all use the Wnt language to convey messages to and from cancer cells and among themselves; these messages are important for tumor progression and fate. Decoding this language will advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Alexey Baldin
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Denisenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia; Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Ivanova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennadiy T Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lev A Ashrafyan
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Akademika Oparina Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
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18
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Sadhukhan P, Seiwert TY. The role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and tumor metabolism. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:187-201. [PMID: 37002376 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and plasticity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) make it difficult to fully understand the intratumoral regulation of different cell types and their activities. Macrophages play a crucial role in the signaling dynamics of the TME. Among the different subtypes of macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with poor prognosis, although some subtypes of TAMs can at the same time improve treatment responsiveness and lead to favorable clinical outcomes. TAMs are key regulators of cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor metabolism, and importantly immunosuppression in the TME by modulating various chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. TAMs have been identified as a key contributor to resistance to chemotherapy and cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we aim to discuss the mechanisms by which TAMs regulate innate and adaptive immune signaling in the TME and summarize recent preclinical research on the development of therapeutics targeting TAMs and tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sadhukhan
- Johns Hopkins University, Skip Viragh Outpatient Cancer Building, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tanguy Y Seiwert
- Johns Hopkins University, Skip Viragh Outpatient Cancer Building, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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20
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Ying H, Hang Q, Cheng G, Yang S, Lai X, Fang M. Impact of the immune molecular profile of the tumor microenvironment on the prognosis of NSCLC. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:131. [PMID: 36844625 PMCID: PMC9950347 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the association between macrophages, tumor neo-vessels and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the tumor microenvironment and the clinicopathological features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the prognostic factors of stromal features in NSCLC. To determine this, tissue microarrays containing samples of 92 patients with NSCLC were studied using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The quantitative data demonstrated that in tumor islets, the number of CD68+ and CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was 8-348 (median, 131) and 2-220 (median, 52), respectively (P<0.001). In tumor stroma, the number of CD68+ and CD206+ TAMs was 23-412 (median, 169) and 7-358 (median, 81), respectively (P<0.001). The number of CD68+ TAMs in each location of the tumor islets and tumor stroma was significantly higher than that of CD206+ TAMs, and they were significantly correlated (P<0.0001). The quantitative density of CD105 and PD-L1 in tumor tissues was 19-368 (median, 156) and 9-493 (median, 103), respectively. Survival analysis revealed that a high density of CD68+ TAMs in tumor stroma and islets and a high density of CD206+ TAMs and PD-L1 in tumor stroma were associated with worse prognosis (both P<0.05). Collectively, the survival analysis demonstrated that the high-density group was related to a worse prognosis regardless of combined neo-vessels and PD-L1 expression with the CD68+ TAMs in tumor islets and stroma, or CD206+ TAMs in tumor islets and stroma. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to provide a multi-component combined prognostic survival analysis of different types of macrophages in different regions with tumor neo-vessels and PD-L1, which demonstrated the importance of macrophages in tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjie Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Hang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Lai
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Min Fang or Dr Xiaojing Lai, Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Min Fang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Min Fang or Dr Xiaojing Lai, Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), 1 Banshan East Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China, E-mail:
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21
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Chen S, Ding H, Wang K, Guo K. Inhibition of Wnt7b reduces the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1415-1424. [PMID: 36472725 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors. The role of Wnt7b as a ligand of the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer remains to be studied. Through bioinformatics online analysis, we found that Wnt7b is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of gastrointestinal tumors. This study mainly explored the effects of Wnt7b regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 cells in colorectal cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Applying the TCGA data set, Wnt7b was found to be highly expressed in most gastrointestinal tumor samples. Real-time quantitative PCR(q-PCR), Western blotting(WB) results showed that Wnt7b was significantly higher expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines compared with normal intestinal epithelial cells. SW480 cells transfected with the sh-Wnt7b showed successful knockdown of Wnt7b. MTT colorimetry showed the proliferation ability of sh-Wnt7b group decreased significantly compared with the non-transfected group. The results of double staining flow cytometry showed that the sh-Wnt7b group had more apoptosis. Cell scratch test showed that the cell migration rate of sh-wnt7b group considerably reduced. The Transwell invasion experiment demonstrated that the number of cell invasions in the sh-Wnt7b group decreased significantly. After SW480 cells was transfected with sh-Wnt7b, the protein levels of β-catenin, CCND1, and CD44 in this group of cells were detected to be reduced by WB, and the same results were obtained by q-PCR detection of mRNA. CONCLUSION Wnt7b is highly expressed in colorectal cancer cells, which may affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Chen
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Sanhueza S, Simón L, Cifuentes M, Quest AFG. The Adipocyte-Macrophage Relationship in Cancer: A Potential Target for Antioxidant Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:126. [PMID: 36670988 PMCID: PMC9855200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern with a staggering 39% worldwide prevalence as of 2021. Given the magnitude of the problem and considering its association with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, it does not come as a surprise that obesity is now considered one of the major risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and cancer. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has taken center stage in understanding how changes in its components, particularly adipocytes and macrophages, participate in such processes. In this review, we will initially focus on how changes in adipose tissue upon excess fat accumulation generate endocrine signals that promote cancer development. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment or stroma, which is also critical in cancer development, contains macrophages and adipocytes, which, in reciprocal paracrine communication with cancer cells, generate relevant signals. We will discuss how paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment between cancer cells, macrophages, and adipocytes favors cancer development and progression. Finally, as reactive oxygen species participate in many of these signaling pathways, we will summarize the information available on how antioxidants can limit the effects of endocrine and paracrine signaling due to dysfunctional adipose tissue components in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Sanhueza
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Layla Simón
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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23
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Zhang X, Bai W, Hu L, Ha H, Du Y, Xiong W, Wang H, Shang P. The pleiotropic mode and molecular mechanism of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:91-104. [PMID: 36071369 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in primary and metastatic tumor tissues. Studies have shown that macrophages mainly exhibit a tumor-promoting phenotype and play a key role in tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, many macrophage-targeted drugs have entered clinical trials. However, compared to preclinical studies, some clinical trial results showed that macrophage-targeted therapy did not achieve the desired effect. This may be because most of what we know about macrophages comes from in vitro experiments and animal models, while macrophages in the more complex human microenvironment are still poorly understood. With the development of technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, we have gained a new understanding of the origin, classification and functional mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages. Therefore, this study reviewed the recent progress of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and metastasis, aiming to provide some help for the formulation of optimal strategies for macrophage-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wenxiu Bai
- Ultrasonic Special Examination Department, Tai An TSCM Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lisha Hu
- Ultrasonic Special Examination Department, Tai An TSCM Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Hualan Ha
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuelin Du
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Panfeng Shang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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24
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Li C, Yu S, Chen J, Hou Q, Wang S, Qian C, Yin S. Risk stratification based on DNA damage-repair-related signature reflects the microenvironmental feature, metabolic status and therapeutic response of breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127982. [PMID: 37033959 PMCID: PMC10080010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-repair machinery participates in maintaining genomic integrity and affects tumorigenesis. Molecular signatures based on DNA damage-repair-related genes (DRGs) capable of comprehensively indicating the prognosis, tumor immunometabolic profile and therapeutic responsiveness of breast cancer (BRCA) patients are still lacking. Integrating public datasets and bioinformatics algorithms, we developed a robust prognostic signature based on 27 DRGs. Multiple patient cohorts identified significant differences in various types of survival between high- and low-risk patients stratified by the signature. The signature correlated well with clinicopathological factors and could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for BRCA patients. Furthermore, low-risk tumors were characterized by more infiltrated CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, M1 macrophages, activated NK cells and resting dendritic cells, and fewer M0 and M2 macrophages. The favorable immune infiltration patterns of low-risk tumors were also accompanied by specific metabolic profiles, decreased DNA replication, and enhanced antitumor immunity. Low-risk patients may respond better to immunotherapy, and experience improved outcomes with conventional chemotherapy or targeted medicine. Real-world immunotherapy and chemotherapy cohorts verified the predictive results. Additionally, four small molecule compounds promising to target high-risk tumors were predicted. In vitro experiments confirmed the high expression of GNPNAT1 and MORF4L2 in BRCA tissues and their association with immune cells, and the knockdown of these two DRGs suppressed the proliferation of human BRCA cells. In summary, this DNA damage-repair-related signature performed well in predicting patient prognosis, immunometabolic profiles and therapeutic sensitivity, hopefully contributing to precision medicine and new target discovery of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Qian
- *Correspondence: Cheng Qian, ; Shulei Yin,
| | - Shulei Yin
- *Correspondence: Cheng Qian, ; Shulei Yin,
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25
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Mishra AK, Banday S, Bharadwaj R, Ali A, Rashid R, Kulshreshtha A, Malonia SK. Macrophages as a Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in Solid Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:55. [PMID: 36679900 PMCID: PMC9863216 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolution in cancer immunotherapy over the last few decades has resulted in a paradigm shift in the clinical care of cancer. Most of the cancer immunotherapeutic regimens approved so far have relied on modulating the adaptive immune system. In recent years, strategies and approaches targeting the components of innate immunity have become widely recognized for their efficacy in targeting solid cancers. Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system, which can play a crucial role in the generation of anti-tumor immunity through their ability to phagocytose cancer cells and present tumor antigens to the cells of adaptive immunity. However, the macrophages that are recruited to the tumor microenvironment predominantly play pro-tumorigenic roles. Several strategies targeting pro-tumorigenic functions and harnessing the anti-tumorigenic properties of macrophages have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and a few of them have also advanced to clinical trials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of TAMs and their role in the progression of solid malignancies. We discuss various mechanisms through which TAMs promote tumor progression, such as inflammation, genomic instability, tumor growth, cancer stem cell formation, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis, tissue remodeling, and immunosuppression, etc. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TAMs and explore how macrophages can be used as a tool for next-generation immunotherapy for the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shahid Banday
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Romana Rashid
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ankur Kulshreshtha
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sunil K. Malonia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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26
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Liu M, Liu L, Song Y, Li W, Xu L. Targeting macrophages: a novel treatment strategy in solid tumors. J Transl Med 2022; 20:586. [PMID: 36510315 PMCID: PMC9743606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells, which act as a key regulator in tumorigenesis and progression. Increasing evidence have demonstrated that the TME alters the nature of macrophages to maintain dynamic tissue homeostasis, allowing TAMs to acquire the ability to stimulate angiogenesis, promote tumor metastasis and recurrence, and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, tumors with high TAM infiltration have poor prognoses and are resistant to treatment. In the field of solid tumor, the exploration of tumor-promoting mechanisms of TAMs has attracted much attention and targeting TAMs has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. Currently, the most common therapeutic options for targeting TAMs are as follows: the deletion of TAMs, the inhibition of TAMs recruitment, the release of phagocytosis by TAMs, and the reprogramming of macrophages to remodel their anti-tumor capacity. Promisingly, the study of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) may provide even greater benefit for patients with solid tumors. In this review, we discuss how TAMs promote the progression of solid tumors as well as summarize emerging immunotherapeutic strategies that targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lina Liu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Yongping Song
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Linping Xu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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27
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Wißfeld J, Werner A, Yan X, ten Bosch N, Cui G. Metabolic regulation of immune responses to cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0381. [PMID: 36269001 PMCID: PMC9724228 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is an ecosystem composed of multiple types of cells, such as tumor cells, immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer cells grow faster than non-cancerous cells and consume larger amounts of nutrients. The rapid growth characteristic of cancer cells fundamentally alters nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment and results in reprogramming of immune cell metabolic pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular metabolism of nutrients, such as lipids and amino acids, beyond being essential to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells, also regulates a broad spectrum of cellular signal transduction, and influences immune cell survival, differentiation, and anti-tumor effector function. The cancer immunometabolism research field is rapidly evolving, and exciting new discoveries are reported in high-profile journals nearly weekly. Therefore, all new findings in this field cannot be summarized within this short review. Instead, this review is intended to provide a brief introduction to this rapidly developing research field, with a focus on the metabolism of two classes of important nutrients-lipids and amino acids-in immune cells. We highlight recent research on the roles of lipids and amino acids in regulating the metabolic fitness and immunological functions of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of "editing" metabolic pathways in immune cells to act synergistically with currently available immunotherapies in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anke Werner
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xin Yan
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nora ten Bosch
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Correspondence to: Guoliang Cui, E-mail:
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28
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Yang Y, Cao Y. The impact of VEGF on cancer metastasis and systemic disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:251-261. [PMID: 35307547 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality and the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis remain elusive. Both blood and lymphatic vasculatures are essential structures for mediating distal metastasis. The vasculature plays multiple functions, including accelerating tumor growth, sustaining the tumor microenvironment, supplying growth and invasive signals, promoting metastasis, and causing cancer-associated systemic disease. VEGF is one of the key angiogenic factors in tumors and participates in the initial stage of tumor development, progression and metastasis. Consequently, VEGF and its receptor-mediated signaling pathways have become one of the most important therapeutic targets for treating various cancers. Today, anti-VEGF-based antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) are widely used in the clinic for treating different types of cancer in human patients. Despite nearly 20-year clinical experience with AADs, the impact of these drugs on cancer metastasis and systemic disease remains largely unknown. In this review article, we focus our discussion on tumor VEGF in cancer metastasis and systemic disease and mechanisms underlying AADs in clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Wang Z, Zhong H, Liang X, Ni S. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma: Navigating the clinical and translational landscape. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024921. [PMID: 36311702 PMCID: PMC9606568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can directly clear tumor cells and enhance the phagocytic ability of immune cells. An abundance of TAMs at the site of the glioblastoma tumor indicates that TAM-targeting immunotherapy could represent a potential form of treatment for this aggressive cancer. Herein, we discuss: i) the dynamic role of TAMs in glioblastoma; ii) describe the formation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment; iii) summarize the latest clinical trial data that reveal how TAM function can be regulated in favor tumor eradication; and lastly, iv) evaluate the implications of existing and novel translational approaches for treating glioblastoma in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zide Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liang, ; Shilei Ni,
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liang, ; Shilei Ni,
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30
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Yang J, Tan CL, Long D, Liang Y, Zhou L, Liu XB, Chen YH. Analysis of invasiveness and tumor-associated macrophages infiltration in solid pseudopapillary tumors of pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5047-5057. [PMID: 36160642 PMCID: PMC9494934 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare pancreatic tumor. Considering its malignant behaviors, SPT has been classified as a low-grade malignant tumor. Indeed, only 9.2% of all SPT patients are initially diagnosed as malignant with invasion or metastasis. Thus, one of the challenges in managing SPT patients is predicting malignant behavior.
AIM To investigate the malignant behavior and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration between different histopathologic features of SPT patients.
METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 22 patients pathologically diagnosed with an SPT between 2009 and 2019 at West China Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Integrity of the capsule and growth pattern of the tumor cells was assessed microscopically in hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections. Based on the histopathological features, the SPT patients were divided into two groups: capsule or invasion. Clinical features, malignant behavior, and TAM infiltration were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS Among the 22 SPT patients, 11 were identified for each group, having either a capsule or invasion histopathologic feature. Malignant behavior was more frequent in the invasion group, including 2 patients who had peripheral organ invasion, 3 with liver metastasis, and 1 with both lymph node and spleen metastases (P= 0.045). Ki-67 index of more than 3% was also more frequent in the invasion group (P = 0.045). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the invasion group had a significant increase of CD68-positive TAMs in intratumor and peritumor sites in comparison with the capsule group (all P < 0.0001). Similarly, CD163-positive M2-like macrophages were also markedly increased in the intratumor and peritumor sites in the invasion group (all P < 0.0001). At the liver metastasis site, both intratumor and peritumor tissues showed relatively high-level CD68-positive TAMs and CD163-positive M2-like macrophages infiltration. However, the differences between the intratumor, peritumor and normal hepatic tissues did not reach statistical significance (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION SPT patients with invasion evident under microscope were more likely to exhibit malignant behavior and TAM infiltration, especially M2-like macrophages. This finding can help in future investigations of the underlying mechanism of TAM-mediated SPT malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chun-Lu Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu-Bao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Identification and implication of tissue-enriched ligands in epithelial-endothelial crosstalk during pancreas development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12498. [PMID: 35864120 PMCID: PMC9304391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the pancreas is driven by an intrinsic program coordinated with signals from other cell types in the epithelial environment. These intercellular communications have been so far challenging to study because of the low concentration, localized production and diversity of the signals released. Here, we combined scRNAseq data with a computational interactomic approach to identify signals involved in the reciprocal interactions between the various cell types of the developing pancreas. This in silico approach yielded 40,607 potential ligand-target interactions between the different main pancreatic cell types. Among this vast network of interactions, we focused on three ligands potentially involved in communications between epithelial and endothelial cells. BMP7 and WNT7B, expressed by pancreatic epithelial cells and predicted to target endothelial cells, and SEMA6D, involved in the reverse interaction. In situ hybridization confirmed the localized expression of Bmp7 in the pancreatic epithelial tip cells and of Wnt7b in the trunk cells. On the contrary, Sema6d was enriched in endothelial cells. Functional experiments on ex vivo cultured pancreatic explants indicated that tip cell-produced BMP7 limited development of endothelial cells. This work identified ligands with a restricted tissular and cellular distribution and highlighted the role of BMP7 in the intercellular communications contributing to vessel development and organization during pancreas organogenesis.
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Chen C, Luo L, Xu C, Yang X, Liu T, Luo J, Shi W, Yang L, Zheng Y, Yang J. Tumor specificity of WNT ligands and receptors reveals universal squamous cell carcinoma oncogenes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:790. [PMID: 35850748 PMCID: PMC9295300 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WNT signal pathway has myriad family members, which are broadly involved in embryonic development and human cancer. Over-activation of WNT-β-Catenin signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival. However, how diverse components of WNT signaling specifically engaged in distinct tumor types remains incompletely understood. Methods We analyzed the transcriptomic profiling of WNT ligands and receptors/co-receptors among 26 different tumor types to identify their expression pattern, and further verified these results using clinical oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples. At the same time, we also detected WNT7B expression in oral inflammation and carcinoma, and constructed stable WNT7B knockdown OSCC cell lines to study the effects of WNT7B on the cell migration and invasion ability. Results We found a group of tumor-specific WNT members, including a panel of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) specific upregulated WNT ligands and receptors, WNT5A, WNT7B, FZD7 and GPC1. We further revealed a significant correlation between these protein expression characteristics and clinical outcomes of OSCC and LUSC patients. Moreover, WNT7B was demonstrated to contribute to the development of oral chronic inflammation and OSCC, partly due to promoting the invasion ability of tumor cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the function of WNT ligands and receptors in specific tumors depends on the origination of tumor tissue type. Collectively, they support the use of WNT components as a highly specific target for pan-tissue-type originated tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09898-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Lunan Luo
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Changling Xu
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jingyue Luo
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. .,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. .,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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Cui Y, Luo Y, Qian Q, Tian J, Fang Z, Wang X, Zeng Y, Wu J, Li Y. Sanguinarine Regulates Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Prevent Lung Cancer Angiogenesis Through the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:732860. [PMID: 35847885 PMCID: PMC9282876 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.732860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-mediated angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment is a prerequisite for lung cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting TAMs, which block angiogenesis, is expected to be a breakthrough in controlling the growth and metastasis of lung cancer. In this study, we found that Sanguinarine (Sang) inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in Lewis lung cancer mice. Furthermore, Sanguinarine inhibited the proliferation, migration, and lumen formation of HUVECs and the expression of CD31 and VEGF by regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages in vitro. However, the inhibitory effect of Sanguinarine on angiogenesis remained in vivo despite the clearance of macrophages using small molecule drugs. Further high-throughput sequencing suggested that WNT/β-Catenin signaling might represent the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of Sanguinarine. Finally, the β-Catenin activator SKL2001 antagonized the effect of Sanguinarine, indicating that Sanguinarine can regulate M2-mediated angiogenesis through the WNT/β-Catenin pathway. In conclusion, this study presents the first findings that Sanguinarine can function as a novel regulator of the WNT/β-Catenin pathway to modulate the M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit angiogenesis, which has potential application value in immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaohong Qian
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoying Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianchun Wu, ; Yan Li,
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianchun Wu, ; Yan Li,
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34
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Ebrahimi N, Kharazmi K, Ghanaatian M, Miraghel SA, Amiri Y, Seyedebrahimi SS, Mobarak H, Yazdani E, Parkhideh S, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Role of the Wnt and GTPase pathways in breast cancer tumorigenesis and treatment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Hong K, Zhang Y, Yao L, Zhang J, Sheng X, Guo Y. Tumor microenvironment-related multigene prognostic prediction model for breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:845-868. [PMID: 35060926 PMCID: PMC8833129 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is an invasive disease with complex molecular mechanisms. Prognosis-related biomarkers are still urgently needed to predict outcomes of breast cancer patients. METHODS Original data were download from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The analyses were performed using perl-5.32 and R-x64-4.1.1. RESULTS In this study, 1086 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the TCGA cohort; 523 shared DEGs were identified in the TCGA and GSE10886 cohorts. Eight subtypes were estimated using non-negative matrix factorization clustering with significant differences seen in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.01). Univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were performed to develop a related risk score related to the 17 DEGs; this score separated breast cancer into low- and high-risk groups with significant differences in survival (P < 0.01) and showed powerful effectiveness (TCGA all group: 1-year area under the curve [AUC] = 0.729, 3-year AUC = 0.778, 5-year AUC = 0.781). A nomogram prediction model was constructed using non-negative matrix factorization clustering, the risk score, and clinical characteristics. Our model was confirmed to be related with tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, DEGs in high-risk breast cancer were enriched in histidine metabolism (normalized enrichment score [NES] = 1.49, P < 0.05), protein export (NES = 1.58, P < 0.05), and steroid hormone biosynthesis signaling pathways (NES = 1.56, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We established a comprehensive model that can predict prognosis and guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hong
- Medicine School, Ningbo University, Jiangbei, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Lingli Yao
- Medicine School, Ningbo University, Jiangbei, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabo Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Haishu, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianneng Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Haishu, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo City First Hospital, Haishu, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
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36
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Arora L, Kalia M, Pal D. Role of macrophages in cancer progression and targeted immunotherapies. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 135:281-311. [PMID: 37061335 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The vast complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) aggrandizes the underlying principles responsible for immune escape, therapy resistance, and treatment failure. The stromal and immune cell population circumjacent to the tumor cells affects the cancer cell cycle leading to tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibiting a unique M2 polarization state constitute a significant portion of the TME. They serve as tumor suppressors at early stages and tumor promoters at advanced stages by governing various microenvironmental cues. TAMs secreted various pro-tumoral cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteases are known to regulate the different cell cycle molecules including checkpoint inhibitors in cancer cells leading to cell cycle progression with faulty cellular components. Moreover, TAMs are well-known immunosuppressors and thereby facilitating the tumor cells' evasion from immune recognition. This chapter will describe the interaction between TAMs and tumor cells, the involvement of TAMs in the regulation of cancer cell progression by controlling cell cycle checkpoints or molecular pathways, and current TAM-based therapies, including restriction of TAM recruitment, anti-survival strategies, or switching polarity. Moreover, this chapter will also emphasize recently developed drug targets and CAR-macrophage cell therapy that restricts tumor progression.
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37
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Ma Q, Yang L, Tolentino K, Wang G, Zhao Y, Litzenburger UM, Shi Q, Zhu L, Yang C, Jiao H, Zhang F, Li R, Tsai MC, Chen JA, Lai I, Zeng H, Li L, Chang HY. Inducible lncRNA transgenic mice reveal continual role of HOTAIR in promoting breast cancer metastasis. eLife 2022; 11:79126. [PMID: 36579891 PMCID: PMC9831604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HOTAIR is a 2.2-kb long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) whose dysregulation has been linked to oncogenesis, defects in pattern formation during early development, and irregularities during the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the oncogenic transformation determined by HOTAIR in vivo and its impact on chromatin dynamics are incompletely understood. Here, we generate a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible expression of human HOTAIR in the context of the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer-prone background to systematically interrogate the cellular mechanisms by which human HOTAIR lncRNA acts to promote breast cancer progression. We show that sustained high levels of HOTAIR over time increased breast metastatic capacity and invasiveness in breast cancer cells, promoting migration and subsequent metastasis to the lung. Subsequent withdrawal of HOTAIR overexpression reverted the metastatic phenotype, indicating oncogenic lncRNA addiction. Furthermore, HOTAIR overexpression altered both the cellular transcriptome and chromatin accessibility landscape of multiple metastasis-associated genes and promoted EMT. These alterations are abrogated within several cell cycles after HOTAIR expression is reverted to basal levels, indicating an erasable lncRNA-associated epigenetic memory. These results suggest that a continual role for HOTAIR in programming a metastatic gene regulatory program. Targeting HOTAIR lncRNA may potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Liuyi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Karen Tolentino
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Guiping Wang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Ulrike M Litzenburger
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Quanming Shi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huiyuan Jiao
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Miao-Chih Tsai
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Jun-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ian Lai
- Transgenic, Knockout, and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Hong Zeng
- Transgenic, Knockout, and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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Zhu S, Yi M, Wu Y, Dong B, Wu K. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 34965886 PMCID: PMC8715617 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that present as different functional phenotypes due to their plasticity. They can be classified into two categories, namely M1- and M2-like macrophages, which are involved in processes as diverse as anti-tumor activity and immunosuppressive tumor promotion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are defined as being of an M2-type and are considered as the active component in tumor microenvironment. TAMs are involved in multiple processes of tumor progression through the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, protein hydrolases and more, which lead to enhance tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, which in turn supports invasion and metastasis. It is assumed that the abundance of TAMs in major solid tumors is correlated to a negative patient prognosis. Because of the currently available data of the TAMs’ role in tumor development, these cells have emerged as a promising target for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this paper, we will briefly describe the origins and types of TAMs and will try to comprehensively show how TAMs contribute to tumorigenesis and disease progression. Finally, we will present the main TAM-based therapeutic strategies currently available.
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Conte E. Targeting monocytes/macrophages in fibrosis and cancer diseases: Therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108031. [PMID: 34774879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over almost 140 years since their identification, the knowledge about macrophages has unbelievably evolved. The 'big eaters' from being thought of as simple phagocytic cells have been recognized as master regulators in immunity, homeostasis, healing/repair and organ development. Long considered to originate exclusively from bone marrow-derived circulating monocytes, macrophages have been also demonstrated to be the first immune cells colonizing tissues in the developing embryo and persisting in adult life by self-renewal, as long-lived tissue resident macrophages. Therefore, heterogeneous populations of macrophages with different ontogeny and functions co-exist in tissues. Macrophages act as sentinels of homeostasis and are intrinsically programmed to lead the wound healing and repair processes that occur after injury. However, in certain pathological circumstances macrophages get dysfunctional, and impaired or aberrant macrophage activities become key features of diseases. For instance, in both fibrosis and cancer, that have been defined 'wounds that do not heal', dysfunctional monocyte-derived macrophages overall play a key detrimental role. On the other hand, due to their plasticity these cells can be 're-educated' and exert anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer functions. Therefore macrophages represent an important therapeutic target in both fibrosis and cancer diseases. The current review will illustrate new insights into the role of monocytes/macrophages in these devastating diseases and summarize new therapeutic strategies and applications of macrophage-targeted drug development in their clinical setting.
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant leukocyte population in most solid tumors and are greatly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, these macrophages can promote tumor growth and metastasis through interactions with other cell populations within the tumor milieu and have been associated with poor outcomes in multiple tumors. In this review, we examine how the tumor microenvironment facilitates the polarization of TAMs. Additionally, we evaluate the mechanisms by which TAMs promote tumor angiogenesis, induce tumor invasion and metastasis, enhance chemotherapeutic resistance, and foster immune evasion. Lastly, we focus on therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in the treatments of cancer, including reducing monocyte recruitment, depleting or reprogramming TAMs, and targeting inhibitory molecules to increase TAM-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Petty
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaopei Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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41
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Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215318. [PMID: 34771482 PMCID: PMC8582510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant leukocyte population in most solid tumors and are greatly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, these macrophages can promote tumor growth and metastasis through interactions with other cell populations within the tumor milieu and have been associated with poor outcomes in multiple tumors. In this review, we examine how the tumor microenvironment facilitates the polarization of TAMs. Additionally, we evaluate the mechanisms by which TAMs promote tumor angiogenesis, induce tumor invasion and metastasis, enhance chemotherapeutic resistance, and foster immune evasion. Lastly, we focus on therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in the treatments of cancer, including reducing monocyte recruitment, depleting or reprogramming TAMs, and targeting inhibitory molecules to increase TAM-mediated phagocytosis.
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Tu W, Gong J, Zhou Z, Tian D, Wang Z. TCF4 enhances hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer by regulating tumor-associated macrophage via CCL2/CCR2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:882. [PMID: 34580284 PMCID: PMC8476489 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis is a significant clinical problem for which better therapies are urgently needed. Tumor-associated macrophage, a major cell population in the tumor microenvironment, is a known contributor to primary cancer progression and cancer metastasis. Here, we found TAM recruitment and M2 polarization were increased in the hepatic metastatic lesion compared with the primary site of human CRC tissues. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis showed that TAM recruitment and polarization were closely correlated with the elevated TCF4 expression in the metastatic site. To investigate the role of TCF4 in CRC liver metastasis, we generated a syngeneic mouse model using MC38 cells splenic injection. Results from in vivo experiments and mouse models revealed that TCF4 deficiency in MC38 cells does not affect their proliferation and invasion; however, it reduces TAM infiltration and M2 polarization in the metastasis site. Further studies indicated that these effects are mediated by the TCF4 regulated CCL2 and CCR2 expression. TCF4 or CCL2 silencing in the tumor cells prevent CRC liver metastasis in the mouse model. Altogether, these findings suggest that the TCF4-CCL2-CCR2 axis plays an essential role in CRC liver metastasis by enhancing TAMs recruitment and M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dean Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Na L, Wang Z, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dong D, Wang W, Zhao C. WNT7B represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem-like properties in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166271. [PMID: 34562599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastasis are the major problems of bladder urothelial carcinoma, which mainly attribute to tumor cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance. METHODS TCGA database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma samples. CCLE database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder cancer cell lines. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Pearson statistics. 37 human bladder urothelial carcinoma specimens were adopted for immunohistochemistry. Bladder cancer cells RT4, J82, and UM-UC-3 were used to carry out loss and gain of function studies. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to analyze the overall survival. FINDINGS WNT7B is downregulated in high-grade bladder urothelial carcinomas. Low WNT7B expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Loss and gain of function studies showed that WNT7B inhibits bladder urothelial carcinoma cell EMT, stem-like properties and chemoresistance. FZD5, a specific receptor for WNT7B, mediates WNT7B signaling. ELF3 is a downstream component of WNT7B signaling, which transcriptionally modulates NOTCH1, a tumor suppressor in bladder urothelial carcinoma. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that WNT7B/FZD5-ELF3-NOTCH1 signaling functions as a tumor-suppressing pathway in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Che LH, Liu JW, Huo JP, Luo R, Xu RM, He C, Li YQ, Zhou AJ, Huang P, Chen YY, Ni W, Zhou YX, Liu YY, Li HY, Zhou R, Mo H, Li JM. A single-cell atlas of liver metastases of colorectal cancer reveals reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment in response to preoperative chemotherapy. Cell Discov 2021; 7:80. [PMID: 34489408 PMCID: PMC8421363 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. How to improve therapeutic options for patients with metastatic CRC is the core question for CRC treatment. However, the complexity and diversity of stromal context of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver metastases of CRC have not been fully understood, and the influence of stromal cells on response to chemotherapy is unclear. Here we performed an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional landscape of primary CRC, matched liver metastases and blood at single-cell resolution, and a systematic examination of transcriptional changes and phenotypic alterations of the TME in response to preoperative chemotherapy (PC). Based on 111,292 single-cell transcriptomes, our study reveals that TME of treatment-naïve tumors is characterized by the higher abundance of less-activated B cells and higher heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). By contrast, in tumors treated with PC, we found activation of B cells, lower diversity of TAMs with immature and less activated phenotype, lower abundance of both dysfunctional T cells and ECM-remodeling cancer-associated fibroblasts, and an accumulation of myofibroblasts. Our study provides a foundation for future investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying liver metastasis of CRC and its response to PC, and opens up new possibilities for the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Che
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai He
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Piao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ni
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Mo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Cassetta L, Pollard JW. Macrophage targeting in cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:18-41. [PMID: 32445205 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. During initial stages of tumor development, macrophages can either directly promote antitumor responses by killing tumor cells or indirectly recruit and activate other immune cells. As genetic changes occur within the tumor or T helper 2 (TH 2) cells begin to dominate the TME, TAMs begin to exhibit an immunosuppressive protumor phenotype that promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Thus, targeting TAMs has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. To date, TAM targeting strategies have focused on macrophage depletion and inhibition of their recruitment into the TME. However, these strategies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy, although trials are still underway with combination therapies. The fact that macrophages have the potential for antitumor activity has moved the TAM targeting field toward the development of TAM-reprogramming strategies to support this antitumor immune response. Here, we discuss the various roles of TAMs in cancer therapy and their immunosuppressive properties, as well as implications for emerging checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies. We review state-of-the-art TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on current ones at the preclinical and clinical trial stages that aim to reprogram TAMs as an oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cassetta
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Cheng Y, Song S, Wu P, Lyu B, Qin M, Sun Y, Sun A, Mu L, Xu F, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang Q. Tumor Associated Macrophages and TAMs-Based Anti-Tumor Nanomedicines. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100590. [PMID: 34292673 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As an important part of tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of many malignant tumors and can significantly promote the formation of tumor blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, hence TAMs are greatly associated with poor prognosis. The research on nanomedicine has achieved huge progress, and nano-drugs have been widely utilized to treat various diseases through different mechanisms. Therefore, developing nano-drugs that are based on TAMs-associated anti-tumor mechanisms to effectively suppress tumor growth is expected to be a promising research filed. This paper introduces relevant information about TAMs in terms of their origin, and their roles in tumor genesis, development and metastasis. Furthermore, TAMs-related anti-tumor nano-drugs are summarized. Specifically, a wide range of nano-drugs targeting at TAMs are introduced, and categorized according to their therapeutic mechanisms toward tumors. Additionally, various nano delivery platforms using TAMs as cell carriers which aim at inhibiting tumor growth are reviewed. These two parts elucidate that the exploration of nanomedicine is essential to the study on TAMs-related anti-tumor strategies. This review is also intended to provide novel ideas for in-depth investigation on anti-tumor molecular mechanisms and nano-drug delivery systems based on TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Siyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Bochen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yanan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Aning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Limin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
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Roles of the Immune/Methylation/Autophagy Landscape on Single-Cell Genotypes and Stroke Risk in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5633514. [PMID: 34457116 PMCID: PMC8397558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5633514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to perform integrative analysis of the immune/methylation/autophagy landscape on breast cancer prognosis and single-cell genotypes. Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Score (BCRRS) and Breast Cancer Prognostic Risk Score (BCPRS) were determined based on 6 prognostic IMAAGs obtained from the TCGA-BRCA cohort. BCRRS and BCPRS, respectively, were used to construct a risk prediction model of overall survival and progression-free survival. Predictive capacity of the model was evaluated using clinical data. Analysis showed that BCRRS is associated with a high risk of stroke. In addition, PPI and drug-ceRNA networks based on differences in BCPRS were constructed. Single cells were genotyped through integrated scRNA-seq of the TNBC samples based on clustering results of BCPRS-related genes. The findings of this study show the potential regulatory effects of IMAAGs on breast cancer tumor microenvironment. High AUCs of 0.856 and 0.842 were obtained for the OS and PFS prognostic models, respectively. scRNA-seq analysis showed high expression levels of adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in high BCPRS clusters. Moreover, analysis of ligand-receptor interactions and potential regulatory mechanisms were performed. The LINC00276&MALAT1/miR-206/FZD4-Wnt7b pathway was also identified which may be useful in future research on targets against breast cancer metastasis and recurrence. Neural network-based deep learning models using BCPRS-related genes showed that these genes can be used to map the tumor microenvironment. In summary, analysis of IMAAGs, BCPRS, and BCRRS provides information on the breast cancer microenvironment at both the macro- and microlevels and provides a basis for development of personalized treatment therapy.
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Cao D, Naiyila X, Li J, Huang Y, Chen Z, Chen B, Li J, Guo J, Dong Q, Ai J, Yang L, Liu L, Wei Q. Potential Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Drug Therapy by Changing Factors Related to Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705280. [PMID: 34447750 PMCID: PMC8383319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of various cell types and extracellular components. It contains tumor cells and is nourished by a network of blood vessels. The TME not only plays a significant role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors but also has a far-reaching impact on the effect of therapeutics. Continuous interaction between tumor cells and the environment, which is mediated by their environment, may lead to drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the key cellular components of the TME and the potential strategies to improve the effectiveness of drug therapy by changing their related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaokaiti Naiyila
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Munir MT, Kay MK, Kang MH, Rahman MM, Al-Harrasi A, Choudhury M, Moustaid-Moussa N, Hussain F, Rahman SM. Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Multifaceted Regulators of Breast Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6526. [PMID: 34207035 PMCID: PMC8233875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women of Western countries and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The breast tumor microenvironment contains immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and extracellular matrix. Among these cells, macrophages or tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major components of the breast cancer microenvironment. TAMs facilitate metastasis of the breast tumor and are responsible for poor clinical outcomes. High TAM density was also found liable for the poor prognosis of breast cancer. These observations make altering TAM function a potential therapeutic target to treat breast cancer. The present review summarizes the origin of TAMs, mechanisms of macrophage recruitment and polarization in the tumor, and the contributions of TAMs in tumor progression. We have also discussed our current knowledge about TAM-targeted therapies and the roles of miRNAs and exosomes in re-educating TAM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Tabassum Munir
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.T.M.); (N.M.-M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Matthew K. Kay
- Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Min H. Kang
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz 616, Oman;
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.T.M.); (N.M.-M.)
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Fazle Hussain
- Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz 616, Oman;
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50
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Tan Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Ge S, Zhong F, Xia G, Sun C. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693517. [PMID: 34178692 PMCID: PMC8222665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, an important class of innate immune cells that maintain body homeostasis and ward off foreign pathogens, exhibit a high degree of plasticity and play a supportive role in different tissues and organs. Thus, dysfunction of macrophages may contribute to advancement of several diseases, including cancer. Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment are known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which typically promote cancer cell initiation and proliferation, accelerate angiogenesis, and tame anti-tumor immunity to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Massive infiltration of TAMs or enrichment of TAM-related markers usually indicates cancer progression and a poor prognosis, and consequently tumor immunotherapies targeting TAMs have gained significant attention. Here, we review the interaction between TAMs and cancer cells, discuss the origin, differentiation and phenotype of TAMs, and highlight the role of TAMs in pro-cancer functions such as tumor initiation and development, invasive metastasis, and immunosuppression. Finally, we review therapies targeting TAMs, which are very promising therapeutic strategies for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tan
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyang Ge
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowei Xia
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyu Sun
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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