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Jessop M, Broadway BJ, Miller K, Guettler S. Regulation of PARP1/2 and the tankyrases: emerging parallels. Biochem J 2024; 481:1097-1123. [PMID: 39178157 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a prominent and versatile post-translational modification, which regulates a diverse set of cellular processes. Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) is synthesised by the poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases PARP1, PARP2, tankyrase (TNKS), and tankyrase 2 (TNKS2), all of which are linked to human disease. PARP1/2 inhibitors have entered the clinic to target cancers with deficiencies in DNA damage repair. Conversely, tankyrase inhibitors have continued to face obstacles on their way to clinical use, largely owing to our limited knowledge of their molecular impacts on tankyrase and effector pathways, and linked concerns around their tolerability. Whilst detailed structure-function studies have revealed a comprehensive picture of PARP1/2 regulation, our mechanistic understanding of the tankyrases lags behind, and thereby our appreciation of the molecular consequences of tankyrase inhibition. Despite large differences in their architecture and cellular contexts, recent structure-function work has revealed striking parallels in the regulatory principles that govern these enzymes. This includes low basal activity, activation by intra- or inter-molecular assembly, negative feedback regulation by auto-PARylation, and allosteric communication. Here we compare these poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases and point towards emerging parallels and open questions, whose pursuit will inform future drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jessop
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
| | - Benjamin J Broadway
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
| | - Katy Miller
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, U.K
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2
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Chen HC, Mueller N, Stott K, Kapeni C, Rivers E, Sauer CM, Beke F, Walsh SJ, Ashman N, O'Brien L, Rafati Fard A, Ghodsinia A, Li C, Joud F, Giger O, Zlobec I, Olan I, Aitken SJ, Hoare M, Mair R, Serrao E, Brenton JD, Garcia-Gimenez A, Richardson SE, Huntly B, Spring DR, Skjoedt MO, Skjødt K, de la Roche M, de la Roche M. Novel immunotherapeutics against LGR5 to target multiple cancer types. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:2233-2261. [PMID: 39169164 PMCID: PMC11393416 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed and validated a highly specific, versatile antibody to the extracellular domain of human LGR5 (α-LGR5). α-LGR5 detects LGR5 overexpression in >90% of colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pre-B-ALL tumour cells and was used to generate an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (α-LGR5-ADC), Bispecific T-cell Engager (α-LGR5-BiTE) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (α-LGR5-CAR). α-LGR5-ADC was the most effective modality for targeting LGR5+ cancer cells in vitro and demonstrated potent anti-tumour efficacy in a murine model of human NALM6 pre-B-ALL driving tumour attrition to less than 1% of control treatment. α-LGR5-BiTE treatment was less effective in the pre-B-ALL cancer model yet promoted a twofold reduction in tumour burden. α-LGR5-CAR-T cells also showed specific and potent LGR5+ cancer cell killing in vitro and effective tumour targeting with a fourfold decrease in pre-B-ALL tumour burden relative to controls. Taken together, we show that α-LGR5 can not only be used as a research tool and a biomarker but also provides a versatile building block for a highly effective immune therapeutic portfolio targeting a range of LGR5-expressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Chen
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nico Mueller
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Katherine Stott
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Chrysa Kapeni
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Eilidh Rivers
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carolin M Sauer
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Flavio Beke
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen J Walsh
- University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Ashman
- University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Charles River Laboratories, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - Louise O'Brien
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Amir Rafati Fard
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Arman Ghodsinia
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Changtai Li
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Fadwa Joud
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Olivier Giger
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Olan
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah J Aitken
- University of Cambridge, MRC Toxicology Unit, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Main Drive, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Hoare
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Richard Mair
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Eva Serrao
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Alicia Garcia-Gimenez
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Simon E Richardson
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Brian Huntly
- University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - David R Spring
- University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Rigshospitalet-University Hospital Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Marc de la Roche
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
| | - Maike de la Roche
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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3
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Zhu W, Liu C, Xi K, Li A, Shen LA, Li Y, Jia M, He Y, Chen G, Liu C, Chen Y, Chen K, Sun F, Zhang D, Duan C, Wang H, Wang D, Zhao Y, Meng X, Zhu D. Discovery of Novel 1-Phenylpiperidine Urea-Containing Derivatives Inhibiting β-Catenin/BCL9 Interaction and Exerting Antitumor Efficacy through the Activation of Antigen Presentation of cDC1 Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12485-12520. [PMID: 38912577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with tumor development, and blocking β-catenin/BCL9 is a novel strategy for oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Herein, we presented two novel β-catenin variations and exposed conformational dynamics in several β-catenin crystal structures at the BCL9 binding site. Furthermore, we identified a class of novel urea-containing compounds targeting β-catenin/BCL9 interaction. Notably, the binding modalities of inhibitors were greatly affected by the conformational dynamics of β-catenin. Among them, 28 had a strong affinity for β-catenin (Kd = 82 nM), the most potent inhibitor reported. In addition, 13 and 35 not only activate T cells but also promote the antigen presentation of cDC1, showing robust antitumor efficacy in the CT26 model. Collectively, our study demonstrated a series of potent small-molecule inhibitors targeting β-catenin/BCL9, which can enhance antigen presentation and activate cDC1 cells, delivering a potential strategy for boosting innate and adaptive immunity to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Cuiting Liu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Kang Xi
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Anqi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li-An Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yana Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Yangbo He
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yangqiang Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute and Yangtze Delta Pharmaceutical College, Nantong 226133, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chonggang Duan
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Di Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
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4
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Chen X, Wei C, Zhao J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zuo H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Hao M, He X, Bian Y. Carnosic acid: an effective phenolic diterpenoid for prevention and management of cancers via targeting multiple signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107288. [PMID: 38977208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious global public health issue, and a great deal of research has been made to treat cancer. Of these, discovery of promising compounds that effectively fight cancer always has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpenoid compound widely present in Lamiaceae plants such as Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that CA has significant anti-cancer activity, such as leukaemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, lymphoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. The potential mechanisms involved by CA, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting metastasis, inducing cell apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, regulating the gut microbiota, and enhancing the effects of other anti-cancer drugs. This article reviews the biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety and toxicity, as well as the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the anticancer activity of CA. This will contribute to the development of CA or CA-containing functional foods for the prevention and treatment of cancer, providing important advances in the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cuntao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Man Hao
- Clinical Medical College of Acuupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Ortho and MSK Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Xirui He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China; UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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5
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Zhu H, Gao Y, Liu L, Tao M, Lin X, Cheng Y, Shen Y, Xue H, Guan L, Zhao H, Liu L, Wang S, Yang F, Zhou Y, Liao H, Sun F, Lin H. A novel TNKS/USP25 inhibitor blocks the Wnt pathway to overcome multi-drug resistance in TNKS-overexpressing colorectal cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:207-222. [PMID: 38261825 PMCID: PMC10793098 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulating Tankyrases (TNKS), interactions with USP25 to promote TNKS degradation, rather than inhibiting their enzymatic activities, is emerging as an alternative/specific approach to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we identified UAT-B, a novel neoantimycin analog isolated from Streptomyces conglobatus, as a small-molecule inhibitor of TNKS-USP25 protein-protein interaction (PPI) to overcome multi-drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). The disruption of TNKS-USP25 complex formation by UAT-B led to a significant decrease in TNKS levels, triggering cell apoptosis through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Importantly, UAT-B successfully inhibited the CRC cells growth that harbored high TNKS levels, as demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo studies utilizing cell line-based and patient-derived xenografts, as well as APCmin/+ spontaneous CRC models. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting the TNKS-USP25 PPI using a small-molecule inhibitor represents a compelling therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment, and UAT-B emerges as a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yamin Gao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mengyu Tao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yijia Cheng
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yaoyao Shen
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haitao Xue
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Guan
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Professional and Technical Ser-vice Center for Biological Material Drug-ability Evaluation, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongjun Zhou
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hongze Liao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Sagathia V, Patel C, Beladiya J, Patel S, Sheth D, Shah G. Tankyrase: a promising therapeutic target with pleiotropic action. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3363-3374. [PMID: 37338576 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) and tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) enzymes belong to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family participates in process of poly-ADP-ribosylation of different target proteins which leads to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Tankyrases are also involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, especially cancer. Their functions include cell cycle homeostasis (primarily in mitosis), telomere maintenance, Wnt signaling pathway regulation, and insulin signaling (particularly GLUT4 translocation). Studies have implicated that genetic changes, mutations in the tankyrase coding sequence, or up regulation and down regulation of tankyrase are reflected in the numerous disease conditions. Investigations are pursued to develop putative molecules that target tankyrase in various diseases such as cancer, obesity, osteoarthritis, fibrosis, cherubism, and diabetes, thereby providing a new therapeutic treatment option. In the present review, we described the structure and function of tankyrase along with its role in different disease conditions. Furthermore, we also presented cumulative experimental evidences of different drugs acting on tankyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrunda Sagathia
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jayesh Beladiya
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Devang Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurang Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
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7
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Groenewald W, Lund AH, Gay DM. The Role of WNT Pathway Mutations in Cancer Development and an Overview of Therapeutic Options. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070990. [PMID: 37048063 PMCID: PMC10093220 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that mutations in the canonical WNT-signalling pathway play a major role in various cancers. Critical to developing new therapeutic strategies is understanding which cancers are driven by WNT pathway activation and at what level these mutations occur within the pathway. Some cancers harbour mutations in genes whose protein products operate at the receptor level of the WNT pathway. For instance, tumours with RNF43 or RSPO mutations, still require exogenous WNT ligands to drive WNT signalling (ligand-dependent mutations). Conversely, mutations within the cytoplasmic segment of the Wnt pathway, such as in APC and CTNNB1, lead to constitutive WNT pathway activation even in the absence of WNT ligands (ligand-independent). Here, we review the predominant driving mutations found in cancer that lead to WNT pathway activation, as well as explore some of the therapeutic interventions currently available against tumours harbouring either ligand-dependent or ligand-independent mutations. Finally, we discuss a potentially new therapeutic avenue by targeting the translational apparatus downstream from WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Groenewald
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Michael Gay
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Patel A, Mitrea D, Namasivayam V, Murcko MA, Wagner M, Klein IA. Principles and functions of condensate modifying drugs. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1007744. [PMID: 36483537 PMCID: PMC9725174 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1007744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are compartmentalized communities of biomolecules, which unlike traditional organelles, are not enclosed by membranes. Condensates play roles in diverse cellular processes, are dysfunctional in many disease states, and are often enriched in classically "undruggable" targets. In this review, we provide an overview for how drugs can modulate condensate structure and function by phenotypically classifying them as dissolvers (dissolve condensates), inducers (induce condensates), localizers (alter localization of the specific condensate community members) or morphers (alter the physiochemical properties). We discuss the growing list of bioactive molecules that function as condensate modifiers (c-mods), including small molecules, oligonucleotides, and peptides. We propose that understanding mechanisms of condensate perturbation of known c-mods will accelerate the discovery of a new class of therapies for difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Mitrea
- Dewpoint Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
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Dong Y, Liu M, Mao Y, Wu S, Wen J, Lu J, Yang Y, Ruan S, Li L, Liu X, Zhang J, Liao S, Dong L. Discovery of 2-(isoxazol-5-yl)phenyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate as a potential inhibitor for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Tang L, Wang N, Wei X, Huang S, Wang P, Zheng Y, Chen L, Zhang L. Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 promotes hypoxic pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through the Wnt3α-β-catenin/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23122. [PMID: 35695329 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is mainly characterized by abnormal pulmonary vascular hyperplasia and vascular remodeling, but its mechanism is complicated and currently unclear. Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (Csrp2) has been reported to promote cell proliferation and migration, and affect cell cycle progression. As a new invasive actin-binding factor, Csrp2 increased the invasion and even metastasis of some cancer cells. It was associated with tumor recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. However, the role of Csrp2 in PH remains unknown. We found that Csrp2 expression was increased both in pulmonary arteries (PAs) and smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PH. Csrp2 enhanced PASMC proliferation and phenotypic transition. The Wnt3α-β-catenin/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) pathway is involved in cell proliferation and phenotypic transition regulated by Csrp2 expression. These results suggest that hypoxia downregulates YinYang-1 (YY1) and then increases Csrp2 expression. Increased Csrp2 promotes PASMC proliferation and phenotypic transition by activating the Wnt3α-β-catenin/LEF1 pathways, which leads to pulmonary vascular remodeling and even provides a new theoretical basis for studying the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Tang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sirui Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yameng Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Thompson HM, Ji H. New ZW4864 Derivatives as Small-Molecule Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/BCL9 Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:865-870. [PMID: 35586435 PMCID: PMC9109161 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-(3-(2-amino-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)piperidine-3-carboxamide derivatives was reported as new small-molecule β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. Compounds 17-21 were discovered to inhibit the β-catenin/BCL9 PPI with K i = 0.85-2.7 μM. The effects of 21 on the β-catenin/BCL9 PPI in cellular context were demonstrated by β-catenin/BCL9 pull-down inhibition and dose-dependent suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signal transactivation. Notably, compound 21 is more potent than ZW4864, a previously reported analogue, in modulating transcription and expression of β-catenin target genes and suppressing survival of β-catenin-dependent cancer cells. The cellular on-target efficacy of 21 was demonstrated by β-catenin rescue experiments. Compound 21 represents a promising starting point for further optimization of β-catenin/BCL9 PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Harriet M. Thompson
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620-9497, United States
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620-9497, United States
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12
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Vafaizadeh V, Buechel D, Rubinstein N, Kalathur RKR, Bazzani L, Saxena M, Valenta T, Hausmann G, Cantù C, Basler K, Christofori G. The interactions of Bcl9/Bcl9L with β-catenin and Pygopus promote breast cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:6195-6209. [PMID: 34545187 PMCID: PMC8553620 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an established regulator of cellular state and its critical contributions to tumor initiation, malignant tumor progression and metastasis formation have been demonstrated in various cancer types. Here, we investigated how the binding of β-catenin to the transcriptional coactivators B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (Bcl9) and Bcl9-Like (Bcl9L) affected mammary gland carcinogenesis in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Conditional knockout of both Bcl9 and Bcl9L resulted into tumor cell death. In contrast, disrupting the interaction of Bcl9/Bcl9L with β-catenin, either by deletion of their HD2 domains or by a point mutation in the N-terminal domain of β-catenin (D164A), diminished primary tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation and reduced tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis. In comparison, the disruption of HD1 domain-mediated binding of Bcl9/Bcl9L to Pygopus had only moderate effects. Interestingly, interfering with the β-catenin-Bcl9/Bcl9L-Pygo chain of adapters only partially impaired the transcriptional response of mammary tumor cells to Wnt3a and TGFβ treatments. Together, the results indicate that Bcl9/Bcl9L modulate but are not critically required for canonical Wnt signaling in its contribution to breast cancer growth and malignant progression, a notion consistent with the “just-right” hypothesis of Wnt-driven tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Vafaizadeh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Buechel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Rubinstein
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ravi K R Kalathur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Bazzani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Quereda V, Frydman SM, Ming Q, Luca VC, Duckett DR, Ji H. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12109-12131. [PMID: 34382808 PMCID: PMC8817233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is strongly associated with many diseases including cancer invasion and metastasis. Small-molecule targeting of the central signaling node of this pathway, β-catenin, is a biologically rational approach to abolish hyperactivation of β-catenin signaling but has been demonstrated to be a difficult task. Herein, we report a drug-like small molecule, ZW4864, that binds with β-catenin and selectively disrupts the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) and β-catenin while sparing the β-catenin/E-cadherin PPI. ZW4864 dose-dependently suppresses β-catenin signaling activation, downregulates oncogenic β-catenin target genes, and abrogates invasiveness of β-catenin-dependent cancer cells. More importantly, ZW4864 shows good pharmacokinetic properties and effectively suppresses β-catenin target gene expression in the patient-derived xenograft mouse model. This study offers a selective chemical probe to explore β-catenin-related biology and a drug-like small-molecule β-catenin/BCL9 disruptor for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Victor Quereda
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Sylvia M Frydman
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
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14
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Diamante A, Chaturbedy PK, Rowling PJE, Kumita JR, Eapen RS, McLaughlin SH, de la Roche M, Perez-Riba A, Itzhaki LS. Engineering mono- and multi-valent inhibitors on a modular scaffold. Chem Sci 2021; 12:880-895. [PMID: 33623657 PMCID: PMC7885266 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03175e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we exploit the simple, ultra-stable, modular architecture of consensus-designed tetratricopeptide repeat proteins (CTPRs) to create a platform capable of displaying both single as well as multiple functions and with diverse programmable geometrical arrangements by grafting non-helical short linear binding motifs (SLiMs) onto the loops between adjacent repeats. As proof of concept, we built synthetic CTPRs to bind and inhibit the human tankyrase proteins (hTNKS), which play a key role in Wnt signaling and are upregulated in cancer. A series of mono-valent and multi-valent hTNKS binders was assembled. To fully exploit the modular scaffold and to further diversify the multi-valent geometry, we engineered the binding modules with two different formats, one monomeric and the other trimeric. We show that the designed proteins are stable, correctly folded and capable of binding to and inhibiting the cellular activity of hTNKS leading to downregulation of the Wnt pathway. Multivalency in both the CTPR protein arrays and the hTNKS target results in the formation of large macromolecular assemblies, which can be visualized both in vitro and in the cell. When delivered into the cell by nanoparticle encapsulation, the multivalent CTPR proteins displayed exceptional activity. They are able to inhibit Wnt signaling where small molecule inhibitors have failed to date. Our results point to the tremendous potential of the CTPR platform to exploit a range of SLiMs and assemble synthetic binding molecules with built-in multivalent capabilities and precise, pre-programmed geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diamante
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Piyush K Chaturbedy
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Pamela J E Rowling
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Janet R Kumita
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Rohan S Eapen
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Francis Crick Avenue , Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , CB2 0QH , UK
| | - Marc de la Roche
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1GA , UK
| | - Albert Perez-Riba
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
| | - Laura S Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Tennis Court Road , Cambridge CB2 1PD , UK . ;
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15
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Targeting the β-catenin signaling for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:104794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Bienz M. Head-to-Tail Polymerization in the Assembly of Biomolecular Condensates. Cell 2020; 182:799-811. [PMID: 32822572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clustering of macromolecules is a fundamental cellular device underlying diverse biological processes that require high-avidity binding to effectors and substrates. Often, this involves a transition between diffuse and locally concentrated molecules akin to biophysical phase separation observable in vitro. One simple mechanistic paradigm underlying physiologically relevant phase transitions in cells is the reversible head-to-tail polymerization of hub proteins into filaments that are cross-linked by dimerization into dynamic three-dimensional molecular condensates. While many diverse folds and motifs can mediate dimerization, only two structurally distinct domains have been discovered so far to undergo head-to-tail polymerization, though these are widespread among all living kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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17
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Damale MG, Pathan SK, Shinde DB, Patil RH, Arote RB, Sangshetti JN. Insights of tankyrases: A novel target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112712. [PMID: 32877803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrases are the group of enzymes belonging to a class of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) recently named ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD). The two isoforms of tankyrase i.e. tankyrase1 (TNKS1) and tankyrase2 (TNKS2) were abundantly expressed in various biological functions in telomere regulation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, viral replication, endogenous hormone regulation, glucose transport, cherubism disease, erectile dysfunction, and apoptosis. The structural analysis, mechanistic information, in vitro and in vivo studies led identification and development of several classes of tankyrase inhibitors under clinical phases. In the nutshell, this review will drive future research on tankyrase as it enlighten the structural and functional features of TNKS 1 and TNKS 2, different classes of inhibitors with their structure-activity relationship studies, molecular modeling studies, as well as past, current and future perspective of the different class of tankyrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj G Damale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, 431136, MS, India
| | - Shahebaaz K Pathan
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, 431001, India
| | | | - Rajendra H Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, M.S, India
| | - Rohidas B Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, 431001, India.
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18
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Pollock K, Liu M, Zaleska M, Meniconi M, Pfuhl M, Collins I, Guettler S. Fragment-based screening identifies molecules targeting the substrate-binding ankyrin repeat domains of tankyrase. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19130. [PMID: 31836723 PMCID: PMC6911004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PARP enzyme and scaffolding protein tankyrase (TNKS, TNKS2) uses its ankyrin repeat clusters (ARCs) to bind a wide range of proteins and thereby controls diverse cellular functions. A number of these are implicated in cancer-relevant processes, including Wnt/β-catenin signalling, Hippo signalling and telomere maintenance. The ARCs recognise a conserved tankyrase-binding peptide motif (TBM). All currently available tankyrase inhibitors target the catalytic domain and inhibit tankyrase's poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation function. However, there is emerging evidence that catalysis-independent "scaffolding" mechanisms contribute to tankyrase function. Here we report a fragment-based screening programme against tankyrase ARC domains, using a combination of biophysical assays, including differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We identify fragment molecules that will serve as starting points for the development of tankyrase substrate binding antagonists. Such compounds will enable probing the scaffolding functions of tankyrase, and may, in the future, provide potential alternative therapeutic approaches to inhibiting tankyrase activity in cancer and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Pollock
- Divisions of Structural Biology & Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Drug Discovery Programme, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Manjuan Liu
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Zaleska
- Divisions of Structural Biology & Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Mirco Meniconi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences and Randall Centre, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Divisions of Structural Biology & Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
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19
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Wei Y, Zhang F, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wang F, Li Y. LDLRAD2 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and promotes metastasis by activating Wnt/β-catenin/EMT signaling cascade in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8951-8968. [PMID: 31649207 PMCID: PMC6834412 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC) remain unsatisfying and limited. Therefore, it is still imperative to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying GC aggressive progression. The prognostic value and biological functions of low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain containing protein 2 (LDLRAD2) in GC have never been studied yet. We found that LDLRAD2 expression was significantly upregulated in GC and closely correlated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Functionally, LDLRAD2 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion, and metastasis of GC cells. Mechanistically, LDLRAD2 interacted with and inhibited Axin1 from binding to cytoplasmic β-catenin, which facilitated the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Inhibition of β-catenin activity markedly abolished LDLRAD2-induced migration, invasion and metastasis. Together, these results suggested that LDLRAD2 contributed to invasion and metastasis of GC through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. LDLRAD2/ Wnt/β-catenin axis may be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Wei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Hung CC, Chaya A, Liu K, Verdelis K, Sfeir C. The role of magnesium ions in bone regeneration involves the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Acta Biomater 2019; 98:246-255. [PMID: 31181262 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based implants have become of interest to both academia and the medical industry. The attraction largely is due to Mg's biodegradability and ability to enhance bone healing and formation. However, the underlying mechanism of how Mg regulates osteogenesis is still unclear. Based on our previous in vivo and molecular signaling work demonstrating the osteogenic effect of Mg, the current study aims to extend this work at the molecular level especially that we also observed and quantified mineral deposits in the bone marrow space in a rabbit ulna fracture model with Mg plates and screws. Histological analysis and quantitative results of micro-CT showed mineralized deposition and a significant increase in bone volume at 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-operative. These in vivo results led us to focus on studying the effect of Mg2+ on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The data presented in this manuscript demonstrate the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hBMSCs when treated with 10 mM Mg2+. With additional Mg2+ present, the protein expression of active β-catenin was significantly increased to a level similar to that of the positive control. Immunocytochemistry and the increased expression of LEF1 and Dkk1, downstream target genes that are controlled directly by active β-catenin, demonstrated the protein translocation and the activation of transcription. Taken together, these data suggest that Mg2+ induces an osteogenic effect in the bone marrow space by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which in turn causes BMSCs to differentiate toward the osteoblast lineage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are being studied to be used in the field of implantable medical devices due to its natural biodegradability and the potential ability to promote bone regeneration. Despite many in vivo studies that demonstrated an increased new bone growth by implanting Mg-based devices, the underlying mechanism of this effect is still unclear. In order to safely use Mg-based implants on human and better control the osteogenic effect, it is necessary to understand the corresponding cellular response in the targeted area. The present study provides the rationale to study Mg ions on bone marrow stromal cells and shows the activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that promotes osteogenesis by in vivo and in vitro approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chih Hung
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Chaya
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Verdelis
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Endodontics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles Sfeir
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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21
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β-Catenin/TCF4 Complex-Mediated Induction of the NRF3 ( NFE2L3) Gene in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133344. [PMID: 31288376 PMCID: PMC6651286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable upregulation of the NRF2 (NFE2L2)-related transcription factor NRF3 (NFE2L3) in several cancer tissues and its correlation with poor prognosis strongly suggest the physiological function of NRF3 in tumors. Indeed, we had recently uncovered the function of NRF3, which promotes cancer cell proliferation by p53 degradation via the 20S proteasome. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the induction of NRF3 gene expression in cancer cells is highly elusive. We herein describe that NRF3 upregulation is induced by the β-catenin/TCF4 complex in colon cancer cells. We first confirmed high NRF3 mRNA expression in human colon cancer specimens. The genome database indicated that the human NRF3 gene possesses a species-conserved WRE sequence (TCF/LEF consensus element), implying that the β-catenin/TCF complex activates NRF3 expression in colon cancer. Consistently, we observed that the β-catenin/TCF4 complex mediates NRF3 expression by binding directly to the WRE site. Furthermore, inducing NRF3 activates cell proliferation and the expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. The existence of the β-catenin/TCF4-NRF3 axis was also validated in the intestine and organoids of Apc-deficient mice. Finally, the positive correlation between NRF3 and β-catenin target gene expression strongly supports our conclusion. Our findings clearly demonstrate that NRF3 induction in cancer cells is controlled by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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22
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Schaefer KN, Peifer M. Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Regulation and a Role for Biomolecular Condensates. Dev Cell 2019; 48:429-444. [PMID: 30782412 PMCID: PMC6386181 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-Catenin signaling plays key roles in tissue homeostasis and cell fate decisions in embryonic and post-embryonic development across the animal kingdom. As a result, pathway mutations are associated with developmental disorders and many human cancers. The multiprotein destruction complex keeps signaling off in the absence of Wnt ligands and needs to be downregulated for pathway activation. We discuss new insights into destruction complex activity and regulation, highlighting parallels to the control of other cell biological processes by biomolecular condensates that form by phase separation to suggest that the destruction complex acts as a biomolecular condensate in Wnt pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Schaefer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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23
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Mieszczanek J, van Tienen LM, Ibrahim AEK, Winton DJ, Bienz M. Bcl9 and Pygo synergise downstream of Apc to effect intestinal neoplasia in FAP mouse models. Nat Commun 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 30760710 PMCID: PMC6374407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl9 and Pygo are Wnt enhanceosome components that effect β-catenin-dependent transcription. Whether they mediate β-catenin-dependent neoplasia is unclear. Here we assess their roles in intestinal tumourigenesis initiated by Apc loss-of-function (ApcMin), or by Apc1322T encoding a partially-functional Apc truncation commonly found in colorectal carcinomas. Intestinal deletion of Bcl9 extends disease-free survival in both models, and essentially cures Apc1322T mice of their neoplasia. Loss-of-Bcl9 synergises with loss-of-Pygo to shift gene expression within Apc-mutant adenomas from stem cell-like to differentiation along Notch-regulated secretory lineages. Bcl9 loss also promotes tumour retention in ApcMin mice, apparently via relocating nuclear β-catenin to the cell surface, but this undesirable effect is not seen in Apc1322T mice whose Apc truncation retains partial function in regulating β-catenin. Our results demonstrate a key role of the Wnt enhanceosome in β-catenin-dependent intestinal tumourigenesis and reveal the potential of BCL9 as a therapeutic target during early stages of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Mieszczanek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Laurens M van Tienen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ashraf E K Ibrahim
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre,, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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24
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Gay DM, Ridgway RA, Müller M, Hodder MC, Hedley A, Clark W, Leach JD, Jackstadt R, Nixon C, Huels DJ, Campbell AD, Bird TG, Sansom OJ. Loss of BCL9/9l suppresses Wnt driven tumourigenesis in models that recapitulate human cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:723. [PMID: 30760720 PMCID: PMC6374445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different thresholds of Wnt signalling are thought to drive stem cell maintenance, regeneration, differentiation and cancer. However, the principle that oncogenic Wnt signalling could be specifically targeted remains controversial. Here we examine the requirement of BCL9/9l, constituents of the Wnt-enhanceosome, for intestinal transformation following loss of the tumour suppressor APC. Although required for Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and regeneration, Bcl9/9l deletion has no impact upon normal intestinal homeostasis. Loss of BCL9/9l suppressed many features of acute APC loss and subsequent Wnt pathway deregulation in vivo. This resulted in a level of Wnt pathway activation that favoured tumour initiation in the proximal small intestine (SI) and blocked tumour growth in the colon. Furthermore, Bcl9/9l deletion completely abrogated β-catenin driven intestinal and hepatocellular transformation. We speculate these results support the just-right hypothesis of Wnt-driven tumour formation. Importantly, loss of BCL9/9l is particularly effective at blocking colonic tumourigenesis and mutations that most resemble those that occur in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Miryam Müller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joshua D Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - David J Huels
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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25
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Menon M, Elliott R, Bowers L, Balan N, Rafiq R, Costa-Cabral S, Munkonge F, Trinidade I, Porter R, Campbell AD, Johnson ER, Esdar C, Buchstaller HP, Leuthner B, Rohdich F, Schneider R, Sansom O, Wienke D, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. A novel tankyrase inhibitor, MSC2504877, enhances the effects of clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:201. [PMID: 30655555 PMCID: PMC6336890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the PARP superfamily tankyrase enzymes suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signalling in tumour cells. Here, we describe here a novel, drug-like small molecule inhibitor of tankyrase MSC2504877 that inhibits the growth of APC mutant colorectal tumour cells. Parallel siRNA and drug sensitivity screens showed that the clinical CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, causes enhanced sensitivity to MSC2504877. This tankyrase inhibitor-CDK4/6 inhibitor combinatorial effect is not limited to palbociclib and MSC2504877 and is elicited with other CDK4/6 inhibitors and toolbox tankyrase inhibitors. The addition of MSC2504877 to palbociclib enhances G1 cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence in tumour cells. MSC2504877 exposure suppresses the upregulation of Cyclin D2 and Cyclin E2 caused by palbociclib and enhances the suppression of phospho-Rb, providing a mechanistic explanation for these effects. The combination of MSC2504877 and palbociclib was also effective in suppressing the cellular hyperproliferative phenotype seen in Apc defective intestinal stem cells in vivo. However, the presence of an oncogenic Kras p.G12D mutation in mice reversed the effects of the MSC2504877/palbociclib combination, suggesting one molecular route that could lead to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Menon
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Leandra Bowers
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicolae Balan
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sara Costa-Cabral
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Felix Munkonge
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ines Trinidade
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma R Johnson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christina Esdar
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Buchstaller
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgitta Leuthner
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Rohdich
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Richard Schneider
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Owen Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dirk Wienke
- Merck KGaA, Biopharma Research & Development, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Alan Ashworth
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, 94158, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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26
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Li C, Zheng X, Han Y, Lv Y, Lan F, Zhao J. XAV939 inhibits the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells through the WNT pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8973-8982. [PMID: 29805633 PMCID: PMC5958670 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of the tankyrase (TNKS) small molecule inhibitor XAV939 on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the possible underlying mechanism. To do this, the association between TNKS and the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in lung acinar adenocarcinoma was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed, which demonstrated that TNKS, β-catenin and Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) proteins are positively expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissue; this expression was significantly higher than that in normal adjacent non-carcinoma tissues. A549 cell proliferation was inhibited in all XAV939-intervention groups examined. In the wound-healing assay, cells treated with different concentrations of XAV939 exhibited a significantly increased scratch width compared with the control group. Reverse transcription-semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that β-catenin mRNA expression was significantly decreased in A549 cells in response to different XAV939 concentrations compared with the control group. Immunofluorescence revealed that β-catenin protein, initially localized in the nucleus/cytoplasm, gradually translocated to the cytoplasm/membrane, an effect that was associated with increased drug concentration. TNKS, β-catenin and c-Myc protein expression in A549 cells treated with XAV939 was reduced compared with that in untreated cells. Therefore, abnormally high TNKS expression may promote the occurrence of lung cancer. The TNKS inhibitor XAV939 inhibited lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The underlying mechanism by which XAV939 exerted its inhibitory effects may be associated with attenuation of the WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Fu Lan
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
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27
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Gammons M, Bienz M. Multiprotein complexes governing Wnt signal transduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 51:42-49. [PMID: 29153704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three multiprotein complexes have key roles in transducing Wnt signals from the plasma membrane to the cell nucleus - the β-catenin destruction complex, or Axin degradasome, which targets the Wnt effector β-catenin for proteasomal degradation in the absence of Wnt; the Wnt signalosome, assembled by polymerization of Dishevelled upon Wnt engaging its receptors, to inactivate the Axin degradasome, which allows β-catenin to accumulate; and the Wnt enhanceosome which enables β-catenin to gain access to target genes, to relieve their transcriptional repression by Groucho/TLE. This review focuses on recent advances that have highlighted mechanistic principles governing the assembly and function of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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28
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Guo W, Ji H. Structure-Based Optimization of Small-Molecule Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2989-3007. [PMID: 29566337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based optimization was conducted to improve the potency, selectivity, and cell-based activities of β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) inhibitors based on the 4'-fluoro- N-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide scaffold, which was designed to mimic the side chains of the hydrophobic α-helical hot spots at positions i, i + 3, and i + 7. Compound 29 was found to disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction (PPI) with a Ki of 0.47 μM and >1900-fold selectivity for β-catenin/BCL9 over β-catenin/E-cadherin PPIs. The proposed binding mode of new inhibitors was consistent with the results of site-directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. Cell-based studies indicated that 29 disrupted the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction, selectively suppressed transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, downregulated expression of Wnt target genes, and inhibited viability of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells in dose-dependent manners. A comparison of the biochemical and cell-based assay results offered the directions for future inhibitor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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29
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Sannino G, Armbruster N, Bodenhöfer M, Haerle U, Behrens D, Buchholz M, Rothbauer U, Sipos B, Schmees C. Role of BCL9L in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73725-73738. [PMID: 27713160 PMCID: PMC5342010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a low overall survival rate, which is approximately 20% during the first year and decreases to less than 6% within five years of the disease. This is due to premature dissemination accompanied by a lack of disease-specific symptoms during the initial stages. Additionally, to date there are no biomarkers for an early prognosis available.A growing number of studies indicate that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), triggered by WNT-, TGF-β- and other signaling pathways is crucial for the initiation of the metastatic process in PDAC. Here we show, that BCL9L is up-regulated in PDAC cell lines and patient tissue compared to non-cancer controls. RNAi-induced BCL9L knockdown negatively affected proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. On a molecular basis, BCL9L depletion provoked an increment of E-cadherin protein levels, with concomitant increase of β-catenin retention at the plasma membrane. This is linked to the induction of a strong epithelial phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells upon BCL9L knockdown even in the presence of the EMT-inducer TGF-β. Finally, xenograft mouse models of pancreatic cancer revealed a highly significant reduction in the number of liver metastases upon BCL9L knockdown. Taken together, our findings underline the key importance of BCL9L for EMT and thus progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Direct targeting of this protein might be a valuable approach to effectively antagonize invasion and metastasis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sannino
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Tumor Biology Group, Reutlingen, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Armbruster
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Tumor Biology Group, Reutlingen, Germany.,Current address: Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mona Bodenhöfer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Tumor Biology Group, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Haerle
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Tumor Biology Group, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Diana Behrens
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tuebingen, Tumor Biology Group, Reutlingen, Germany
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30
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Mariotti L, Pollock K, Guettler S. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by tankyrase-dependent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and scaffolding. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4611-4636. [PMID: 28910490 PMCID: PMC5727255 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is pivotal for stem cell function and the control of cellular differentiation, both during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in adults. Its activity is carefully controlled through the concerted interactions of concentration-limited pathway components and a wide range of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and acetylation. Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by PARylation was discovered relatively recently. The PARP tankyrase PARylates AXIN1/2, an essential central scaffolding protein in the β-catenin destruction complex, and targets it for degradation, thereby fine-tuning the responsiveness of cells to the Wnt signal. The past few years have not only seen much progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PARylation controls the pathway but also witnessed the successful development of tankyrase inhibitors as tool compounds and promising agents for the therapy of Wnt-dependent dysfunctions, including colorectal cancer. Recent work has hinted at more complex roles of tankyrase in Wnt/β-catenin signalling as well as challenges and opportunities in the development of tankyrase inhibitors. Here we review some of the latest advances in our understanding of tankyrase function in the pathway and efforts to modulate tankyrase activity to re-tune Wnt/β-catenin signalling in colorectal cancer cells. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mariotti
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Katie Pollock
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Division of Cancer BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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31
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32
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Yamaguchi K, Zhu C, Ohsugi T, Yamaguchi Y, Ikenoue T, Furukawa Y. Bidirectional reporter assay using HAL promoter and TOPFLASH improves specificity in high-throughput screening of Wnt inhibitors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2868-2882. [PMID: 28755500 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of Wnt signaling plays an important role in colorectal and liver tumorigenesis. Cell-based assays using synthetic TCF/LEF (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor) reporters, as readouts of β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcriptional activity, have contributed greatly to the discovery of small molecules that modulate Wnt signaling. In the present study, we report a novel screening method, called a bidirectional dual reporter assay. Integrated transcriptome analysis identified a histidine ammonia-lyase gene (HAL) that was negatively regulated by β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcriptional activity. We leveraged a promoter region of the HAL gene as another transcriptional readout of Wnt signaling. Cells stably expressing both an optimized HAL reporter and the TCF/LEF reporter enabled bidirectional reporter activities in response to Wnt signaling. Increased HAL reporter activity and decreased TCF/LEF reporter activity were observed simultaneously in the cells when β-catenin/TCF7L2 was inhibited. Notably, this method could decrease the number of false positives observed when screening an inhibitor library compared with the conventional TCF/LEF assay. We found that Brefeldin A, a disruptor of the Golgi apparatus, inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The utility of our system could be expanded to examine other disease-associated pathways beyond the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Zhu
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohsugi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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van Kappel EC, Maurice MM. Molecular regulation and pharmacological targeting of the β-catenin destruction complex. Br J Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28634996 PMCID: PMC5727331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The β‐catenin destruction complex is a dynamic cytosolic multiprotein assembly that provides a key node in Wnt signalling regulation. The core components of the destruction complex comprise the scaffold proteins axin and adenomatous polyposis coli and the Ser/Thr kinases casein kinase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3. In unstimulated cells, the destruction complex efficiently drives degradation of the transcriptional coactivator β‐catenin, thereby preventing the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Mutational inactivation of the destruction complex is a major pathway in the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we review recent insights in the regulation of the β‐catenin destruction complex, including newly identified interaction interfaces, regulatory elements and post‐translationally controlled mechanisms. In addition, we discuss how mutations in core destruction complex components deregulate Wnt signalling via distinct mechanisms and how these findings open up potential therapeutic approaches to restore destruction complex activity in cancer cells. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline C van Kappel
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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miR-30a acts as a tumor suppressor by double-targeting COX-2 and BCL9 in H. pylori gastric cancer models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7113. [PMID: 28769030 PMCID: PMC5540978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most important factors that affect the development of gastric cancer, and its mechanism remains un-elucidated. Our present study found that, miR-30a is crucial for regulating the growth and migration of H. pylori infected gastric cancer in vitro by targeting COX-2 and BCL9. In details, double-stranded miR-30a precursor produced two single-stranded and matured miRNAs including miR-30a-3p and miR-30a-5p, which played significant biological functions in two different manners. First, miR-30a-3p inhibited COX-2 expression and regulated nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and second, miR-30a-5p targeted BCL9 to regulate TCF/LEF promoter activity followed by affecting β-catenin downstream target gene expression. In vivo, miR-30a knockout mice were successfully achieved using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Compared with H. pylori-infected wild-type mice, H. pylori-infected miR-30a knockout mice showed increased incidence of chronic gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, atypical hyperplasia, and other precancerous lesions or adenocarcinoma manifestations in the antral or gastric mucosa of mice, as well as regulation of genes closely associated with tumor development. Taken together, miR-30a acts as a tumor suppressor by double-targeting COX-2 and BCL9, and significantly affects the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer, shedding new light on the mechanisms underlying H. pylori-associated gastric cancer.
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Interaction of tankyrase and peroxiredoxin II is indispensable for the survival of colorectal cancer cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:40. [PMID: 28659575 PMCID: PMC5489516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) enzymes are overexpressed in most cancer tissues, but their specific signaling role in cancer progression is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Prx type II (PrxII) plays a tumor-promoting role in colorectal cancer by interacting with a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) tankyrase. PrxII deletion in mice with inactivating mutation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene reduces intestinal adenomatous polyposis via Axin/β-catenin axis and thereby promotes survival. In human colorectal cancer cells with APC mutations, PrxII depletion consistently reduces the β-catenin levels and the expression of β-catenin target genes. Essentially, PrxII depletion hampers the PARP-dependent Axin1 degradation through tankyrase inactivation. Direct binding of PrxII to tankyrase ARC4/5 domains seems to be crucial for protecting tankyrase from oxidative inactivation. Furthermore, a chemical compound targeting PrxII inhibits the expansion of APC-mutant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo tumor xenografts. Collectively, this study reveals a redox mechanism for regulating tankyrase activity and implicates PrxII as a targetable antioxidant enzyme in APC-mutation-positive colorectal cancer. 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) enzymes are highly expressed in most cancers but how they promote cancer progression is unclear. Here the authors show that in colorectal cancers with APC mutation, PrxII binds to tankyrase and prevents its oxidative inactivation, thereby preventing Axin1-dependent degradation of ²b-catenin.
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Gustafson CT, Mamo T, Shogren KL, Maran A, Yaszemski MJ. FH535 Suppresses Osteosarcoma Growth In Vitro and Inhibits Wnt Signaling through Tankyrases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:285. [PMID: 28588489 PMCID: PMC5440578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive primary bone tumor which exhibits aberrantly activated Wnt signaling. The canonical Wnt signaling cascade has been shown to drive cancer progression and metastasis through the activation of β-catenin. Hence, small molecule inhibitors of Wnt targets are being explored as primary or adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we have investigated the ability of FH535, an antagonist of Wnt signaling, to inhibit the growth of OS cells. We found that FH535 was cytotoxic in all OS cell lines which were tested (143b, U2OS, SaOS-2, HOS, K7M2) but well tolerated by normal human osteoblast cells. Additionally, we have developed an in vitro model of doxorubicin-resistant OS and found that these cells were highly responsive to FH535 treatment. Our analysis provided evidence that FH535 strongly inhibited markers of canonical Wnt signaling. In addition, our findings demonstrate a reduction in PAR-modification of Axin2 indicating inhibition of the tankyrase 1/2 enzymes. Moreover, we observed inhibition of auto-modification of PARP1 in the presence of FH535, indicating inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity. These data provide evidence that FH535 acts through the tankyrase 1/2 enzymes to suppress Wnt signaling and could be explored as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for the control of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl T Gustafson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States
| | - Tewodros Mamo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States
| | - Kristen L Shogren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States
| | - Avudaiappan Maran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, RochesterMN, United States
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Xu H, Feng Y, Jia Z, Yang J, Lu X, Li J, Xia M, Wu C, Zhang Y, Chen J. AXIN1 protects against testicular germ cell tumors via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:981-986. [PMID: 28693262 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Axis inhibition protein 1 (AXIN1) is characterized as a tumor suppressor in numerous types of cancer. However, the functional role of AXIN1 in the testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) remains unclear. The human embryonal carcinoma-derived cell line NTera2 was transfected with a recombinant AXIN1 expression vector (pcDNA3.1-AXIN1) and/or a small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against AXIN1 (siAXIN). Following transfection, the mRNA and protein levels of AXIN1 were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting, respectively. In addition, cell viability, apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins [apoptosis regulator Bax (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2] and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway proteins [phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, mTOR, p-AKT, AKT, P-70S ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and S6] were assessed. AXIN1 mRNA and protein levels were increased following transfection with pcDNA3.1-AXIN1 and decreased following transfection with siAXIN1 compared with their respective control groups. After overexpression of AXIN1, NTera2 cell viability and expression of Bcl-2, p-mTOR p-AKT and p-S6 protein was decreased, while apoptosis and Bax protein levels were increased, compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in AXIN1 mRNA expression, apoptosis or Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression when NTera2 cells were simultaneously transfected with pcDNA3.1-AXIN1+siAXIN1. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that overexpression of AXIN1 protects against TGCTs via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting that AXIN1 may be a potential target for gene therapy in TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xueren Lu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Xia
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Chunru Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Zhumadian City Center Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
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Thorvaldsen TE. Targeting Tankyrase to Fight WNT-dependent Tumours. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:81-88. [PMID: 28371398 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant WNT signalling activity is linked to various diseases due to the WNT dependency of fundamental processes during development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in components of the multi-protein β-catenin destruction complex promote excessive amounts of the main transcriptional activator β-catenin and are particularly common in colorectal cancer (CRC). The tankyrase enzymes were recently implicated as negative regulators of destruction complex activity by mediating degradation of the scaffolding protein AXIN. Indeed, tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi) have emerged as promising therapeutics by restoring functional signal-limiting destruction complexes in CRCs. Furthermore, as TNKSi-induced destruction complexes (so-called degradasomes) can be visualized by microscopy, they have served as a valuable experimental model system to address unresolved aspects regarding the structure, function and composition of the β-catenin destruction complex. This MiniReview provides an overview of the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms and interactions that govern the β-catenin destruction complex activity. It further highlights the potential of TNKSi as anticancer drugs and as a novel research tool to dissect the WNT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Espen Thorvaldsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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van Tienen LM, Mieszczanek J, Fiedler M, Rutherford TJ, Bienz M. Constitutive scaffolding of multiple Wnt enhanceosome components by Legless/BCL9. eLife 2017; 6:e20882. [PMID: 28296634 PMCID: PMC5352222 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling elicits context-dependent transcription switches that determine normal development and oncogenesis. These are mediated by the Wnt enhanceosome, a multiprotein complex binding to the Pygo chromatin reader and acting through TCF/LEF-responsive enhancers. Pygo renders this complex Wnt-responsive, by capturing β-catenin via the Legless/BCL9 adaptor. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering of Drosophila legless (lgs) and human BCL9 and B9L to show that the C-terminus downstream of their adaptor elements is crucial for Wnt responses. BioID proximity labeling revealed that BCL9 and B9L, like PYGO2, are constitutive components of the Wnt enhanceosome. Wnt-dependent docking of β-catenin to the enhanceosome apparently causes a rearrangement that apposes the BCL9/B9L C-terminus to TCF. This C-terminus binds to the Groucho/TLE co-repressor, and also to the Chip/LDB1-SSDP enhanceosome core complex via an evolutionary conserved element. An unexpected link between BCL9/B9L, PYGO2 and nuclear co-receptor complexes suggests that these β-catenin co-factors may coordinate Wnt and nuclear hormone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Fiedler
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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40
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Thorvaldsen TE, Pedersen NM, Wenzel EM, Stenmark H. Differential Roles of AXIN1 and AXIN2 in Tankyrase Inhibitor-Induced Formation of Degradasomes and β-Catenin Degradation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170508. [PMID: 28107521 PMCID: PMC5249069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the tankyrase enzymes (TNKS1 and TNKS2) has recently been shown to induce highly dynamic assemblies of β-catenin destruction complex components known as degradasomes, which promote degradation of β-catenin and reduced Wnt signaling activity in colorectal cancer cells. AXIN1 and AXIN2/Conductin, the rate-limiting factors for the stability and function of endogenous destruction complexes, are stabilized upon TNKS inhibition due to abrogated degradation of AXIN by the proteasome. Since the role of AXIN1 versus AXIN2 as scaffolding proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway still remains incompletely understood, we sought to elucidate their relative contribution in the formation of degradasomes, as these protein assemblies most likely represent the morphological and functional correlates of endogenous β-catenin destruction complexes. In SW480 colorectal cancer cells treated with the tankyrase inhibitor (TNKSi) G007-LK we found that AXIN1 was not required for degradasome formation. In contrast, the formation of degradasomes as well as their capacity to degrade β-catenin were considerably impaired in G007-LK-treated cells depleted of AXIN2. These findings give novel insights into differential functional roles of AXIN1 versus AXIN2 in the β-catenin destruction complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Espen Thorvaldsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (EMW); (HS)
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (EMW); (HS)
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41
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Wang Z, Tacchelly-Benites O, Yang E, Ahmed Y. Dual Roles for Membrane Association of Drosophila Axin in Wnt Signaling. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006494. [PMID: 27959917 PMCID: PMC5154497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Wnt signal transduction pathway underlies numerous congenital disorders and cancers. Axin, a concentration-limiting scaffold protein, facilitates assembly of a “destruction complex” that prevents signaling in the unstimulated state and a plasma membrane-associated “signalosome” that activates signaling following Wnt stimulation. In the classical model, Axin is cytoplasmic under basal conditions, but relocates to the cell membrane after Wnt exposure; however, due to the very low levels of endogenous Axin, this model is based largely on examination of Axin at supraphysiological levels. Here, we analyze the subcellular distribution of endogenous Drosophila Axin in vivo and find that a pool of Axin localizes to cell membrane proximal puncta even in the absence of Wnt stimulation. Axin localization in these puncta is dependent on the destruction complex component Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc). In the unstimulated state, the membrane association of Axin increases its Tankyrase-dependent ADP-ribosylation and consequent proteasomal degradation to control its basal levels. Furthermore, Wnt stimulation does not result in a bulk redistribution of Axin from cytoplasmic to membrane pools, but causes an initial increase of Axin in both of these pools, with concomitant changes in two post-translational modifications, followed by Axin proteolysis hours later. Finally, the ADP-ribosylated Axin that increases rapidly following Wnt stimulation is membrane associated. We conclude that even in the unstimulated state, a pool of Axin forms membrane-proximal puncta that are dependent on Apc, and that membrane association regulates both Axin levels and Axin’s role in the rapid activation of signaling that follows Wnt exposure. Axin is a scaffold protein with essential roles in Wnt signal transduction. In the classical model, the transition from the unstimulated to stimulated state is thought to be achieved by recruitment of Axin from cytosol to plasma membrane. We find that a pool of endogenous Drosophila Axin is localized in puncta juxtaposed with the cell membrane even under basal conditions and is targeted for degradation by the ADP-ribose polymerase Tankyrase. Wnt stimulation initially results in increased Axin levels in both the cytosolic and membrane pools, which may enhance the robust activation of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Ofelia Tacchelly-Benites
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Eungi Yang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mariotti L, Templeton CM, Ranes M, Paracuellos P, Cronin N, Beuron F, Morris E, Guettler S. Tankyrase Requires SAM Domain-Dependent Polymerization to Support Wnt-β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cell 2016; 63:498-513. [PMID: 27494558 PMCID: PMC4980433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) Tankyrase (TNKS and TNKS2) is paramount to Wnt-β-catenin signaling and a promising therapeutic target in Wnt-dependent cancers. The pool of active β-catenin is normally limited by destruction complexes, whose assembly depends on the polymeric master scaffolding protein AXIN. Tankyrase, which poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates and thereby destabilizes AXIN, also can polymerize, but the relevance of these polymers has remained unclear. We report crystal structures of the polymerizing TNKS and TNKS2 sterile alpha motif (SAM) domains, revealing versatile head-to-tail interactions. Biochemical studies informed by these structures demonstrate that polymerization is required for Tankyrase to drive β-catenin-dependent transcription. We show that the polymeric state supports PARP activity and allows Tankyrase to effectively access destruction complexes through enabling avidity-dependent AXIN binding. This study provides an example for regulated signal transduction in non-membrane-enclosed compartments (signalosomes), and it points to novel potential strategies to inhibit Tankyrase function in oncogenic Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mariotti
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK; Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Catherine M Templeton
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK; Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Michael Ranes
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK; Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Patricia Paracuellos
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK; Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nora Cronin
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Fabienne Beuron
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Edward Morris
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK; Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK.
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Riccio AA, McCauley M, Langelier MF, Pascal JM. Tankyrase Sterile α Motif Domain Polymerization Is Required for Its Role in Wnt Signaling. Structure 2016; 24:1573-81. [PMID: 27499439 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrase-1 (TNKS1/PARP-5a) is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme that regulates multiple cellular processes creating a poly(ADP-ribose) posttranslational modification that can lead to target protein turnover. TNKS1 thereby controls protein levels of key components of signaling pathways, including Axin1, the limiting component of the destruction complex in canonical Wnt signaling that degrades β-catenin to prevent its coactivator function in gene expression. There are limited molecular level insights into TNKS1 regulation in cell signaling pathways. TNKS1 has a sterile α motif (SAM) domain that is known to mediate polymerization, but the functional requirement for SAM polymerization has not been assessed. We have determined the crystal structure of wild-type human TNKS1 SAM domain and used structure-based mutagenesis to disrupt polymer formation and assess the consequences on TNKS1 regulation of β-catenin-dependent transcription. Our data indicate the SAM polymer is critical for TNKS1 catalytic activity and allows TNKS1 to efficiently access cytoplasmic signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Riccio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michael McCauley
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Nfonsam V, Xu W, Koblinski J, Jandova J. Gene Expression Analysis of Sporadic Early-Onset Rectal Adenocarcinoma. GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER : RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 1:1005. [PMID: 28239680 PMCID: PMC5321608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall declines in incidence of rectal cancer (RC) in patients older than 50 years have been mostly attributed to improvement in treatment modalities and introduction of age-based screening. Recent studies, however, have shown a rise in the incidence of RC in patients younger than 50 years. The etiology of early-onset (EO) RC is not well understood. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular features of (EO) RC and show its uniqueness compared to late-onset (LO) disease. METHODS Two cohorts of patients with sporadic RC were identified. Tumors and matching non-involved tissues from six (EO) RC patients (< 50 years) and six (LO) RC patients (>65 years) were obtained from Pathology archives. Deparaffinized tissues were macro-dissected from FFPE sections, RNA isolated and used for expression profiling of 770 cancer related genes representing 13 canonical pathways. Statistical analysis was performed using the Gene Expression R-script module within the nCounter software v2.6. A gene was considered to be above background if the average count for the target gene was greater than the average counts for the eight negative control genes and if the P value of the t-test was less than 0.05. RESULTS When we compared rectal tumors to non-involved rectal tissues, changes in expression levels of 171 genes were statistically significant in early-onset group and 151 genes in late-onset group. Further comparative gene expression analysis between early- and late-onset rectal tumors normalized to their matching non-involved tissues revealed that changes in expression of 65 genes were unique to early-onset rectal tumors with 16 genes being up- and 49 genes down-regulated using the cutoff criteria of expression levels difference >2 fold and p-value <0.01. At the pathway level, MAPK signaling was the most deregulated pathway in early-onset rectal tumors compared to PI3K-AKT signaling pathway being the most deregulated in late-onset rectal tumors. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that sporadic early-onset rectal cancer is characterized by distinct molecular events compared to late-onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nfonsam
- UA Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - W Xu
- NanoString Technologies, 530 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - J Koblinski
- UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - J Jandova
- UA Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, 1501 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Pedersen NM, Thorvaldsen TE, Schultz SW, Wenzel EM, Stenmark H. Formation of Tankyrase Inhibitor-Induced Degradasomes Requires Proteasome Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160507. [PMID: 27482906 PMCID: PMC4970726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In canonical Wnt signaling, the protein levels of the key signaling mediator β-catenin are under tight regulation by the multimeric destruction complex that mediates proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. In colorectal cancer, destruction complex activity is often compromised due to mutations in the multifunctional scaffolding protein Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), leading to a stabilization of β-catenin. Recently, tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi), a novel class of small molecule inhibitors, were shown to re-establish a functional destruction complex in APC-mutant cancer cell lines by stabilizing AXIN1/2, whose protein levels are usually kept low via poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by the tankyrase enzymes (TNKS1/2). Surprisingly, we found that for the formation of the morphological correlates of destruction complexes, called degradasomes, functional proteasomes are required. In addition we found that AXIN2 is strongly upregulated after 6 h of TNKS inhibition. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 counteracted TNKSi-induced degradasome formation and AXIN2 stabilization, and this was accompanied by reduced transcription of AXIN2. Mechanistically we could implicate the transcription factor FoxM1 in this process, which was recently shown to be a transcriptional activator of AXIN2. We observed a substantial reduction in TNKSi-induced stabilization of AXIN2 after siRNA-mediated depletion of FoxM1 and found that proteasome inhibition reduced the active (phosphorylated) fraction of FoxM1. This can explain the decreased protein levels of AXIN2 after MG132 treatment. Our findings have implications for the design of in vitro studies on the destruction complex and for clinical applications of TNKSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Espen Thorvaldsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian Wolfgang Schultz
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (EMW); (HS)
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail: (EMW); (HS)
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Kuusela S, Wang H, Wasik AA, Suleiman H, Lehtonen S. Tankyrase inhibition aggravates kidney injury in the absence of CD2AP. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2302. [PMID: 27441654 PMCID: PMC4973355 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been indicated in podocyte dysfunction and injury, and shown to contribute to the development and progression of nephropathy. Tankyrases, multifunctional poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily members with features of both signaling and cytoskeletal proteins, antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found that tankyrases interact with CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), a protein essential for kidney ultrafiltration as CD2AP-knockout (CD2AP−/−) mice die of kidney failure at the age of 6–7 weeks. We further observed that tankyrase-mediated total poly-(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), a post-translational modification implicated in kidney injury, was increased in mouse kidneys and cultured podocytes in the absence of CD2AP. The data revealed increased activity of β-catenin, and upregulation of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) (mediator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway) and fibronectin (downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin) in CD2AP−/− podocytes. Total PARylation and active β-catenin were reduced in CD2AP−/− podocytes by tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 treatment. However, instead of ameliorating podocyte injury, XAV939 further upregulated LEF1, failed to downregulate fibronectin and induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that associates with podocyte injury. In zebrafish, administration of XAV939 to CD2AP-depleted larvae aggravated kidney injury and increased mortality. Collectively, the data reveal sustained activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CD2AP−/− podocytes, contributing to podocyte injury. However, we observed that inhibition of the PARylation activity of tankyrases in the absence of CD2AP was deleterious to kidney function. This indicates that balance of the PARylation activity of tankyrases, maintained by CD2AP, is essential for normal kidney function. Furthermore, the data reveal that careful contemplation is required when targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway to treat proteinuric kidney diseases associated with impaired CD2AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuusela
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A A Wasik
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Suleiman
- HHMI/Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Leavitt T, Hu MS, Marshall CD, Barnes LA, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Scarless wound healing: finding the right cells and signals. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:483-93. [PMID: 27256396 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From the moment we are born, every injury to the skin has the potential to form a scar, many of which can impair form and/or function. As such, scar management constitutes a billion-dollar industry. However, effectively promoting scarless wound healing remains an elusive goal. The complex interactions of wound healing contribute to our inability to recapitulate scarless wound repair as it occurs in nature, such as in fetal skin and the oral mucosa. However, many new advances have occurred in recent years, some of which have translated scientific findings from bench to bedside. In vivo lineage tracing has helped establish a variety of novel cellular culprits that may act as key drivers of the fibrotic response. These newly characterized cell populations present further targets for therapeutic intervention, some of which have previously demonstrated promising results in animal models. Here, we discuss several recent studies that identify exciting approaches for diminishing scar formation. Particular attention will also be paid to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays an important role in both embryogenesis and tissue repair. New insights into the differential effects of Wnt signaling on heterogeneous fibroblast and keratinocyte populations within the skin further demonstrate methods by which wound healing can be re-directed to a more fetal scarless phenotype. Graphical abstract Recent approaches to reducing scar formation. Representation showing novel scientific approaches for decreasing scar formation, including the targeting of pro-fibrotic cell populations based on surface molecule expression (e.g. DPP4(+) fibroblasts, ADAM12(+) pericytes). Modulation of cellular mechanotransduction pathways are another means to reduce scar formation, both at the molecular level or, macroscopically with dressings designed to offload tension, at cutaneous wound sites (ADAM12 a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, FAK focal adhesion kinase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripp Leavitt
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Clement D Marshall
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Leandra A Barnes
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Croy HE, Fuller CN, Giannotti J, Robinson P, Foley AVA, Yamulla RJ, Cosgriff S, Greaves BD, von Kleeck RA, An HH, Powers CM, Tran JK, Tocker AM, Jacob KD, Davis BK, Roberts DM. The Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Enzyme Tankyrase Antagonizes Activity of the β-Catenin Destruction Complex through ADP-ribosylation of Axin and APC2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12747-12760. [PMID: 27068743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colon cancer cases are initiated by truncating mutations in the tumor suppressor, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). APC is a critical negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway that participates in a multi-protein "destruction complex" to target the key effector protein β-catenin for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Prior work has established that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzyme Tankyrase (TNKS) antagonizes destruction complex activity by promoting degradation of the scaffold protein Axin, and recent work suggests that TNKS inhibition is a promising cancer therapy. We performed a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen and uncovered TNKS as a putative binding partner of Drosophila APC2, suggesting that TNKS may play multiple roles in destruction complex regulation. We find that TNKS binds a C-terminal RPQPSG motif in Drosophila APC2, and that this motif is conserved in human APC2, but not human APC1. In addition, we find that APC2 can recruit TNKS into the β-catenin destruction complex, placing the APC2/TNKS interaction at the correct intracellular location to regulate β-catenin proteolysis. We further show that TNKS directly PARylates both Drosophila Axin and APC2, but that PARylation does not globally regulate APC2 protein levels as it does for Axin. Moreover, TNKS inhibition in colon cancer cells decreases β-catenin signaling, which we find cannot be explained solely through Axin stabilization. Instead, our findings suggest that TNKS regulates destruction complex activity at the level of both Axin and APC2, providing further mechanistic insight into TNKS inhibition as a potential Wnt pathway cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Croy
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Caitlyn N Fuller
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Jemma Giannotti
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Paige Robinson
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Andrew V A Foley
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Robert J Yamulla
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Sean Cosgriff
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Bradford D Greaves
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Ryan A von Kleeck
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Hyun Hyung An
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Catherine M Powers
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Julie K Tran
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Aaron M Tocker
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Kimberly D Jacob
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - Beckley K Davis
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
| | - David M Roberts
- From the Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604.
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Peitzsch C, Cojoc M, Hein L, Kurth I, Mäbert K, Trautmann F, Klink B, Schröck E, Wirth MP, Krause M, Stakhovsky EA, Telegeev GD, Novotny V, Toma M, Muders M, Baretton GB, Frame FM, Maitland NJ, Baumann M, Dubrovska A. An Epigenetic Reprogramming Strategy to Resensitize Radioresistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2637-51. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Martino-Echarri E, Brocardo MG, Mills KM, Henderson BR. Tankyrase Inhibitors Stimulate the Ability of Tankyrases to Bind Axin and Drive Assembly of β-Catenin Degradation-Competent Axin Puncta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150484. [PMID: 26930278 PMCID: PMC4773256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the wnt signaling pathway is a major cause of colon cancer development. Tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi) have recently been developed to block the wnt pathway by increasing axin levels to promote degradation of the wnt-regulator β-catenin. TNKSi bind to the PARP (poly(ADP)ribose polymerase) catalytic region of tankyrases (TNKS), preventing the PARylation of TNKS and axin that normally control axin levels through ubiquitination and degradation. TNKSi treatment of APC-mutant SW480 colorectal cancer cells can induce axin puncta which act as sites for assembly of β-catenin degradation complexes, however this process is poorly understood. Using this model system, we found that siRNA knockdown of TNKSs 1 and 2 actually blocked the ability of TNKSi drugs to induce axin puncta, revealing that puncta formation requires both the expression and the inactivation of TNKS. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that treatment of cells with TNKSi caused a strong increase in the formation of axin-TNKS complexes, correlating with an increase in insoluble or aggregated forms of TNKS/axin. The efficacy of TNKSi was antagonized by proteasome inhibitors, which stabilized the PARylated form of TNKS1 and reduced TNKSi-mediated assembly of axin-TNKS complexes and puncta. We hypothesise that TNKSi act to stimulate TNKS oligomerization and assembly of the TNKS-axin scaffold that form puncta. These new insights may help in optimising the future application of TNKSi in anticancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Martino-Echarri
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mariana G. Brocardo
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate M. Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia
| | - Beric R. Henderson
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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