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Zhong R, Zhan J, Zhang S. Integrative Analysis Reveals STC2 as a Prognostic Biomarker of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3891-3913. [PMID: 37792175 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is involved in many tumour types, but it remains unclear what its biological function is in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Therefore, we investigated STC2's expression, potential function, and prognostic significance of in LSCC. The expression and prognosis of STC2 in LSCC were described using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. In the TCGA database, the relationship between STC2 and immune infiltration, expression of immune cell chemokine and receptor genes, immune cell molecular marker genes, and epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker genes were analysed. The biological processes involved in STC2 and its expression-related genes were analysed comprehensively using bioinformatics. The single-gene ceRNA network of STC2 was constructed in the TCGA database. Finally, LSCC patients' tumour tissue STC2 expression was verified. STC2 silencing with the RNAi technique was used for the determination of cellular functions in a laryngeal cancer cell line. STC2 expression was higher in most tumours, including LSCC, than in normal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. The relative proportions of naïve B, plasma, follicular helper T, and macrophage M0 cells in LSCC and normal samples differed significantly. STC2 expression correlated significantly positively with that of TGFB1 (biomarker of Tregs) and significantly negatively with that of D79A and CD19 (biomarkers of B cells). Furthermore, STC2 affected chemokine and receptor gene expression in immune cells. STC2 expression correlated with EMT marker gene expression in LSCC. STC2 was enriched in the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM) organisation, ECM-receptor interaction, and other tumour-related signalling pathways. STC2 was highly expressed in our clinical samples. N-cadherin and vimentin expression were decreased in the TU686 cell line after successful silencing of STC2, indicating that high STC2 expression may prompt LSCC cells to adopt a mesenchymal cell phenotype. STC2 silencing substantially reduced proliferation and migration in the TU686 cell line. STC2 may be a promising predictive biomarker for tumours, providing new approaches for LSCC diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Olson C, Alexander R, Stinnett S. Dysplastic Lesions of the Larynx. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:233-246. [PMID: 37030937 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
There have been many advancements in the clinical and histologic diagnosis of laryngeal dysplasia (LD), but diagnosis still necessitates invasive histologic evaluation. Furthermore, despite improved histologic identification of dysplastic lesions, the exact details of pathophysiologic progression and the risk of malignant transformation is still uncertain. These unknowns create a barrier to establishing an ideal grading and classification system, which prevents the establishment of a precise and consistent treatment paradigm. Identifying these gaps in knowledge serves to highlight where further studies are warranted, ideally focusing on a better understanding of the biological behavior of LD. This would ultimately allow for the creation of a reliable grading and classification system and for the formalization of management and treatment guidelines for LD.
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3
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Granda-Díaz R, Manterola L, Hermida-Prado F, Rodríguez R, Santos L, García-de-la-Fuente V, Fernández MT, Corte-Torres MD, Rodrigo JP, Álvarez-Teijeiro S, Lawrie CH, Garcia-Pedrero JM. Targeting oncogenic functions of miR-301a in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by PI3K/PTEN and MEK/ERK pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114512. [PMID: 36931033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide, remains challenging. miRNA dysregulation is closely linked to tumorigenesis and tumor progression, thus emerging as suitable targets for cancer treatment. Transcriptomic analysis of TCGA HNSCC dataset revealed that miR-301a expression levels significantly increased in primary tumors, as compared to patient-matched normal tissue. This prompted us to investigate its pathobiological role and potential as new therapeutic target using different preclinical HNSCC models. miR-301a overexpression in HNSCC-derived cell lines led to enhanced proliferation and invasion, whereas miR-301 inhibition reduced these effects. In vivo validation was performed using an orthotopic mouse model. Results concordantly showed that the mitotic counts, the percentage of infiltration depth and Ki67 proliferative index were significantly augmented in the subgroup of mice harboring miR-301a-overexpressing tumors. Further mechanistic characterization revealed PI3K/PTEN/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways as central signaling nodes responsible for mediating the oncogenic activity of miR-301a observed in HNSCC cells. Notably, pharmacological disruption of PI3K and ERK signals with BYL-719 and PD98059, respectively, was effective to completely revert/abolish miR-301a-promoted tumor cell growth and invasion. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that miR-301a dysregulation plays an oncogenic role in HNSCC, thus emerging as a candidate therapeutic target for this disease. Importantly, available PI3K and ERK inhibitors emerge as promising anti-tumor agents to effectively target miR-301a-mediated signal circuit hampering growth-promoting and pro-invasive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodríguez
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Sarcomas and Experimental Therapies, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-de-la-Fuente
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Teresa Fernández
- Histopathology Unit, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Daniela Corte-Torres
- Biobank of Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Sino-Swiss Institute of Advanced Technology (SSIAT), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juana M Garcia-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Wei J, Wang Y, Xie B, Ma J, Wang Y. Cortactin and HER2 as potential markers for dural-targeted therapy in advanced gastric cancer. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:403-410. [PMID: 34533670 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the role of HER2/cortactin co-overexpression in advanced gastric cancer (GC). This study retrospectively enrolled 246 patients with stage III GC from January 2015 to December 2016 at our hospital. We explored, using immunostaining techniques, the role of the expression of cortactin and HER2 in the progression of advanced GC. The patient data, including age, sex, cortactin and HER2 expression, pathological parameters and survival, were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the characteristics, survival, and prognostic factors of the patients. The results showed that the expression of cortactin was significantly associated with vascular-lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.001), and TNM stage (P = 0.046). HER2 overexpression correlated with tumor size (P = 0.002), neural invasion (P = 0.002), Lauren classification (P = 0.005) and N stage (P = 0.034). Through univariate analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method, vascular-lymphatic invasion (P = 0.015), neural invasion (P = 0.021), N stage (P < 0.003), and HER2/cortactin co-overexpression (P < 0.028) were shown to be significantly associated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that vascular lymphatic invasion (hazard ratio = 1.481, 95% CI, 1.064 to 2.061, P = 0.020), neural invasion (hazard ratio = 1.505, 95% CI, 1.084 to 2.089, P = 0.015), N stage (N2/N1: hazard ratio = 1.655, 95% CI, 1.048 to 2.641, P < 0.031, N3/N1: hazard ratio = 2.089, 95% CI, 1.325 to 3.295, P < 0.002), and HER2/cortactin co-overexpression (hazard ratio = 1.427, 95% CI, 1.007 to 2.024, P = 0.046) were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival. The results suggested that HER2/cortactin co-overexpression is an important predictive biomarker for GC patients. GC patients with HER2/cortactin co-overexpression may receive dual-targeted therapy to improve survival prognosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233000, China.
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233000, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233000, China
| | - Jiachi Ma
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233000, China
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233000, China
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5
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López F, Mäkitie A, de Bree R, Franchi A, de Graaf P, Hernández-Prera JC, Strojan P, Zidar N, Strojan Fležar M, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Centeno BA, Ferlito A. Qualitative and Quantitative Diagnosis in Head and Neck Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091526. [PMID: 34573868 PMCID: PMC8466857 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis is the art of determining the nature of a disease, and an accurate diagnosis is the true cornerstone on which rational treatment should be built. Within the workflow in the management of head and neck tumours, there are different types of diagnosis. The purpose of this work is to point out the differences and the aims of the different types of diagnoses and to highlight their importance in the management of patients with head and neck tumours. Qualitative diagnosis is performed by a pathologist and is essential in determining the management and can provide guidance on prognosis. The evolution of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques has made it possible to obtain more precise diagnoses and to identify prognostic markers and precision factors. Quantitative diagnosis is made by the radiologist and consists of identifying a mass lesion and the estimation of the tumour volume and extent using imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and PET. The distinction between the two types of diagnosis is clear, as the methodology is different. The accurate establishment of both diagnoses plays an essential role in treatment planning. Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care, and it provides an explanation of a patient’s health problem and informs subsequent decision. Deep learning and radiomics approaches hold promise for improving diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo CIBERONC-ISCIII, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessandro Franchi
- Department of Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Primoz Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nina Zidar
- Department of Head and Neck Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Margareta Strojan Fležar
- Department of Cytopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo CIBERONC-ISCIII, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Barbara A. Centeno
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.C.H.-P.); (B.A.C.)
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy;
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Cavaliere M, Bisogno A, Scarpa A, D'Urso A, Marra P, Colacurcio V, De Luca P, Ralli M, Cassandro E, Cassandro C. Biomarkers of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 54:151787. [PMID: 34242969 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma is the second common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract after lung cancer; in most cases is a squamous cell carcinoma, whose risk factors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Despite therapeutic progress, the five-year overall survival rate for this malignancy has remained nearly 50% and many patients already present metastasis at the time of diagnosis. To date, there are no tools that predict the evolution of laryngeal carcinoma: in this light, during the last years, many studies were planned with the aim to investigate the role played by different biomarkers expressed by larynx cancer, which can help make an early diagnosis, predict disease evolution and direct therapeutic choice. This review aims to summarize these markers and correlating them with disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cavaliere
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Bisogno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Scarpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Urso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vito Colacurcio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ettore Cassandro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cassandro
- Surgical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10124 Turin, Italy
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Sharafutdinov I, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. The Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system upregulates epithelial cortactin expression by a CagA- and JNK-dependent pathway. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13376. [PMID: 34197673 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin represents an important actin-binding factor, which controls actin-cytoskeletal remodelling in host cells. In this way, cortactin has been shown to exhibit crucial functions both for cell movement and tumour cell invasion. In addition, the cortactin gene cttn is amplified in various cancer types of humans. Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of multiple gastric diseases and represents a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been repeatedly shown that H. pylori manipulates cancer-related signal transduction events in infected gastric epithelial cells such as the phosphorylation status of cortactin. In fact, H. pylori modifies the activity of cortactin's binding partners to stimulate changes in the actin-cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and motility. Here we show that H. pylori infection of cultured AGS and Caco-2 cells for 24-48 hr leads to the overexpression of cortactin by 2-3 fold at the protein level. We demonstrate that this activity requires the integrity of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) as well as the translocated effector protein CagA. We further show that ectopic expression of CagA is sufficient to stimulate cortactin overexpression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CagA at the EPIYA-repeat region is not required, suggesting that this CagA activity proceeds in a phosphorylation-independent fashion. Inhibitor studies further demonstrate that the involved signalling pathway comprises the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), but not ERK1/2 or p38. Taken together, using H. pylori as a model system, this study discovered a previously unrecognised cortactin activation cascade by a microbial pathogen. We suggest that H. pylori targets cortactin to manipulate the cellular architecture and epithelial barrier functions that can impact gastric cancer development. TAKE AWAYS: Helicobacter pylori infection induces overexpression of cortactin at the protein level Cortactin upregulation requires the T4SS and effector protein CagA Ectopic expression of CagA is sufficient to stimulate cortactin overexpression Overexpression of cortactin proceeds CagA phosphorylation-independent The involved host cell signalling pathway comprises the MAP kinase JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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8
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Zhang Y, Sun X. Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Therapeutic Prospect. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10207-10220. [PMID: 33116602 PMCID: PMC7553669 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s270342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of head and neck cancers, which occurs in the oral cavity, oral pharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients is only 63%, mainly because about 80–90% of patients with advanced HNSCC tend to suffer from local recurrence or even distant metastasis. Despite the more in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of HNSCC in recent years, effective targeted therapies are unavailable for HNSCC, which emphasize the urgent demand for studies in this area. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to oncogenesis and tumor progression by its significant function in cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration. In addition, FAK exerts an effect on the tumor microenvironment, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, radiation (chemotherapy) resistance, tumor stem cells and regulation of inflammatory factors. Moreover, the overexpression and activation of FAK are detected in multiple types of tumors, including HNSCC. FAK inhibition can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, significantly decrease cell growth, invasion and migration in HNSCC cell lines. In this article, we mainly review the research progress of FAK in the occurrence, development and metastasis of HNSCC, and put forward the prospects for the therapeutic targets of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wan P, Ongkasuwan J, Martinez J, Sandulache V, Deng D, Jiang J, Sikora A, Altman KW. Biomarkers for Malignant Potential in Vocal Fold Leukoplakia: A State of the Art Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 164:751-758. [PMID: 32988279 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820957251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore biomarkers that are candidates for understanding potential degeneration to malignancy of vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL), with the goal of guiding future diagnostic and treatment recommendations. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Medline search engines. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching the following key words: vocal fold or laryngeal, coupled with leukoplakia or dysplasia, and combined with the term prognostic markers. We collated the biomarkers and their significance, followed by observing the power of their evidence by assessing the quality of the studies according to guidelines of tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK). CONCLUSIONS Prognostic biomarkers in the 16 studies are generally divided into 3 categories according to their biological roles: proliferation (Ki-67, CK-1 RS14024 SNP), cell cycle control (P53, p16, cyclin D1, p57kip2, interleukin-10 [IL-10], miR-10a, and miR-34c), cell adhesion, and invasion (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, OPN/CD44v6 axis, MMP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, MMP-9, serpin peptidase inhibitor 1, plasminogen activator, CTNN/B1, β-catenin, NANOG, HERG1). The prognostic use of these biomarkers is limited due to the variable methodologies, study design, assay methods, and statistical analysis performed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Prognostic factors in vocal fold leukoplakia have important clinical implications regarding the potential for malignant degeneration. Although further study is needed, the currently available evidence suggests that p53, p16, cyclin D1, IL-10, NLR, OPN and CD44v6, CTNNB1, and CTTN and FAK might be of particular interest in determining prognosis of VFL as related to malignancy. Future, large, well-designed, prospective studies are expected to determine the prognostic power of these biomarkers before their implementation in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wan
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julina Ongkasuwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julian Martinez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vlad Sandulache
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Defeng Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth W Altman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Biber G, Ben-Shmuel A, Sabag B, Barda-Saad M. Actin regulators in cancer progression and metastases: From structure and function to cytoskeletal dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:131-196. [PMID: 33066873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a central factor contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating the involvement of actin regulatory proteins in malignancy, and their dysregulation was shown to predict poor clinical prognosis. Although enhanced cytoskeletal activity is often associated with cancer progression, the expression of several inducers of actin polymerization is remarkably reduced in certain malignancies, and it is not completely clear how these changes promote tumorigenesis and metastases. The complexities involved in cytoskeletal induction of cancer progression therefore pose considerable difficulties for therapeutic intervention; it is not always clear which cytoskeletal regulator should be targeted in order to impede cancer progression, and whether this targeting may inadvertently enhance alternative invasive pathways which can aggravate tumor growth. The entire constellation of cytoskeletal machineries in eukaryotic cells are numerous and complex; the system is comprised of and regulated by hundreds of proteins, which could not be covered in a single review. Therefore, we will focus here on the actin cytoskeleton, which encompasses the biological machinery behind most of the key cellular functions altered in cancer, with specific emphasis on actin nucleating factors and nucleation-promoting factors. Finally, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for cancer which aim to target the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biber
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - A Ben-Shmuel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - B Sabag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - M Barda-Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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11
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Hellquist H, Ferlito A, Mäkitie AA, Thompson LDR, Bishop JA, Agaimy A, Hernandez-Prera JC, Gnepp DR, Willems SM, Slootweg PJ, Rinaldo A. Developing Classifications of Laryngeal Dysplasia: The Historical Basis. Adv Ther 2020; 37:2667-2677. [PMID: 32329013 PMCID: PMC7467449 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the last 60 years numerous significant attempts have been made to achieve a widely acceptable terminology and histological grading for laryngeal squamous intraepithelial lesions. While dysplasia was included in the pathology of the uterine cervix already in 1953, the term dysplasia was accepted in laryngeal pathology first after the Toronto Centennial Conference on Laryngeal Cancer in 1974. In 1963 Kleinsasser proposed a three-tier classification, and in 1971 Kambic and Lenart proposed a four-tier classification. Since then, four editions of the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification have been proposed (1978, 1991, 2005 and 2017). Several terms such as squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIN) and laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) are now being abandoned and replaced by squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). The essential change between the 2005 and 2017 WHO classifications is the attempt to induce a simplification from a four- to a two-tier system. The current WHO classification (2017) thus recommends the use of a two-tier system with reasonably clear histopathological criteria for the two groups: low-grade and high-grade dysplasia. Problems with interobserver variability apart, subjectivities and uncertainties remain, but to a lesser degree. Ongoing and additional molecular studies may help to clarify underlying events that will increase our understanding and possibly can facilitate our attempts to obtain an even better classification. The classification needs to be easier for the general pathologist to perform and easier for the clinician to interpret. These two objectives are equally important to provide each patient the best personalised treatment available for squamous intraepithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hellquist
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Faro, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Faro, Portugal.
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Faro, Portugal.
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lester D R Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills, CA, USA
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Douglas R Gnepp
- Department of Pathology, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Slootweg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Ion Channel Dysregulation in Head and Neck Cancers: Perspectives for Clinical Application. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:375-427. [PMID: 32789787 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a highly complex and heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve very diverse anatomical structures and distinct aetiological factors, treatments and clinical outcomes. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are predominant and the sixth most common cancer worldwide with still low survival rates. Omic technologies have unravelled the intricacies of tumour biology, harbouring a large diversity of genetic and molecular changes to drive the carcinogenesis process. Nonetheless, this remarkable heterogeneity of molecular alterations opens up an immense opportunity to discover novel biomarkers and develop molecular-targeted therapies. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of ion channel expression and/or function is frequently and commonly observed in a variety of cancers from different origin. As a consequence, the concept of ion channels as potential membrane therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis has attracted growing attention. This chapter intends to comprehensively and critically review the current state-of-art ion channel dysregulation specifically focusing on head and neck cancers and to formulate the major challenges and research needs to translate this knowledge into clinical application. Based on current reported data, various voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (i.e. Kv3.4, Kv10.1 and Kv11.1) have been found frequently aberrantly expressed in HNSCC as well as precancerous lesions and are highlighted as clinically and biologically relevant features in both early stages of tumourigenesis and late stages of disease progression. More importantly, they also emerge as promising candidates as cancer risk markers, tumour markers and potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic targets for therapeutic interventions; however, the oncogenic properties seem to be independent of their ion-conducting function.
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13
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Hermida-Prado F, Villaronga MÁ, Granda-Díaz R, Del-Río-Ibisate N, Santos L, Hermosilla MA, Oro P, Allonca E, Agorreta J, Garmendia I, Tornín J, Perez-Escuredo J, Fuente R, Montuenga LM, Morís F, Rodrigo JP, Rodríguez R, García-Pedrero JM. The SRC Inhibitor Dasatinib Induces Stem Cell-Like Properties in Head and Neck Cancer Cells that are Effectively Counteracted by the Mithralog EC-8042. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081157. [PMID: 31382448 PMCID: PMC6722627 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent dysregulation of SRC family kinases (SFK) in multiple cancers prompted various inhibitors to be actively tested in preclinical and clinical trials. Disappointingly, dasatinib and saracatinib failed to demonstrate monotherapeutic efficacy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Deeper functional and mechanistic knowledge of the actions of these drugs is therefore needed to improve clinical outcome and to develop more efficient combinational strategies. Even though the SFK inhibitors dasatinib and saracatinib robustly blocked cell migration and invasion in HNSCC cell lines, this study unveils undesirable stem cell-promoting functions that could explain the lack of clinical efficacy in HNSCC patients. These deleterious effects were targeted by the mithramycin analog EC-8042 that efficiently eliminated cancer stem cells (CSC)-enriched tumorsphere cultures as well as tumor bulk cells and demonstrated potent antitumor activity in vivo. Furthermore, combination treatment of dasatinib with EC-8042 provided favorable complementary anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and anti-CSC functions without any noticeable adverse interactions of both agents. These findings strongly support combinational strategies with EC-8042 for clinical testing in HNSCC patients. These data may have implications on ongoing dasatinib-based trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Villaronga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Del-Río-Ibisate
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Oro
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irati Garmendia
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Tornín
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Fuente
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, and Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Morís
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodríguez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Munguía-Calzada P, Fernández-Vega I, Martínez-Camblor P, Díaz-Coto S, García-Pedrero JM, Vivanco B, Osuna CG, Vazquez-Lopez F, Rodrigo JP, Santos-Juanes J. Correlation of focal adhesion kinase expression with nodal metastasis in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 41:1290-1296. [PMID: 30537291 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cortactin overexpression is frequently detected in a variety of cancers, and has been associated with poor clinical outcome. However, there are no data in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of FAK and cortactin expression with the clinicopathologic features and the impact on the prognosis of cSCC patients. METHODS FAK and cortactin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 100 patients with cSCC, and correlated with the clinical data. RESULTS FAK overexpression was a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis with crude and adjusted ratios (HRs) of 2.04, (95% CI [1.08-3.86], [P = 0.029]) and 2.23 (95% CI [1.01-4.91], [P = 0.047]), respectively. Cortactin expression was not a significant risk factor for nodal metastasis. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that FAK overexpression is an independent predictor of nodal metastasis that might be helpful for risk stratification and management of patients with cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Munguía-Calzada
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Camblor
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hannover, New Hampshire.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juana María García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Galache Osuna
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Vazquez-Lopez
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Santos-Juanes
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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