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Castro-Espin C, Cairat M, Navionis AS, Dahm CC, Antoniussen CS, Tjønneland A, Mellemkjær L, Mancini FR, Hajji-Louati M, Severi G, Le Cornet C, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Masala G, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Crous-Bou M, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Guevara M, Smith-Byrne K, Heath AK, Christakoudi S, Gunter MJ, Rinaldi S, Agudo A, Dossus L. Prognostic role of pre-diagnostic circulating inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer survival: evidence from the EPIC cohort study. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02858-6. [PMID: 39342063 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation influences tumour progression and cancer prognosis, but its role preceding breast cancer (BC) and its prognostic implications remain inconclusive. METHODS We studied pre-diagnostic plasma inflammatory biomarkers in 1538 women with BC from the EPIC study. Cox proportional hazards models assessed their relationship with all-cause and BC-specific mortality, adjusting for tumour characteristics and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Over a 7-year follow-up after diagnosis, 229 women died, 163 from BC. Elevated IL-6 levels were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR1-SD 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47). Among postmenopausal, IL-6 was associated with higher all-cause (HR1-SD 1.41, 95% CI 1.18-1.69) and BC-specific mortality (HR1-SD 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.66), (PHeterogeneity (pre/postmenopausal) < 0.05 for both), while IL-10 and TNFα were associated with all-cause mortality only (HR1-SD 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.40 and HR1-SD 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.56). Among ER+PR+, IL-10 was associated with all-cause and BC-specific mortality (HR1-SD 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.65 and HR1-SD 1.42 95% CI 1.08-1.86), while TNF-α was associated with all-cause mortality in HER2- (HR1-SD 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.61). An inflammatory score predicted higher all-cause mortality, especially in postmenopausal women (HR1-SD 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.58). CONCLUSIONS Higher pre-diagnosis IL-6 levels suggest poorer long-term survival among BC survivors. In postmenopausal survivors, elevated IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα and inflammatory scores seem to predict all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Castro-Espin
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manon Cairat
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Navionis
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Christina C Dahm
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian S Antoniussen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mariem Hajji-Louati
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Villa delle Rose Via Cosimo il Vecchio, 2- 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1 - 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit of Novara, viale Roma, 7, 128100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- BioGipuzkoa (BioDonostia) Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, 31003, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Schor NF. Developing the next-generation cancer research workforce in the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:637-641. [PMID: 38273662 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the National Institutes of Health is renowned for being the largest funder of biomedical research in the world, the research and associated career development programs on its own campuses are relatively unknown. These intramural programs provide many outstanding and programmatically unique opportunities for research-intensive careers and training in cancer biology, prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutics. Their complementary foci, structures, and review mechanisms make the extramural and intramural cancer research contributions of the National Institutes of Health the perfect partners in the quest to rid the world of cancer as we know it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina F Schor
- Department of Intramural Research, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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McCaffrey C, Jahangir C, Murphy C, Burke C, Gallagher WM, Rahman A. Artificial intelligence in digital histopathology for predicting patient prognosis and treatment efficacy in breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:363-377. [PMID: 38655907 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2346545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histological images contain phenotypic information predictive of patient outcomes. Due to the heavy workload of pathologists, the time-consuming nature of quantitatively assessing histological features, and human eye limitations to recognize spatial patterns, manually extracting prognostic information in routine pathological workflows remains challenging. Digital pathology has facilitated the mining and quantification of these features utilizing whole-slide image (WSI) scanners and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. AI algorithms to identify image-based biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment (TME) have the potential to revolutionize the field of oncology, reducing delays between diagnosis and prognosis determination, allowing for rapid stratification of patients and prescription of optimal treatment regimes, thereby improving patient outcomes. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss how AI algorithms and digital pathology can predict breast cancer patient prognosis and treatment outcomes using image-based biomarkers, along with the challenges of adopting this technology in clinical settings. EXPERT OPINION The integration of AI and digital pathology presents significant potential for analyzing the TME and its diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value in breast cancer patients. Widespread clinical adoption of AI faces ethical, regulatory, and technical challenges, although prospective trials may offer reassurance and promote uptake, ultimately improving patient outcomes by reducing diagnosis-to-prognosis delivery delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine McCaffrey
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chowdhury Jahangir
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clodagh Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimbhe Burke
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arman Rahman
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Amgad M, Hodge JM, Elsebaie MAT, Bodelon C, Puvanesarajah S, Gutman DA, Siziopikou KP, Goldstein JA, Gaudet MM, Teras LR, Cooper LAD. A population-level digital histologic biomarker for enhanced prognosis of invasive breast cancer. Nat Med 2024; 30:85-97. [PMID: 38012314 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with variable survival outcomes. Pathologists grade the microscopic appearance of breast tissue using the Nottingham criteria, which are qualitative and do not account for noncancerous elements within the tumor microenvironment. Here we present the Histomic Prognostic Signature (HiPS), a comprehensive, interpretable scoring of the survival risk incurred by breast tumor microenvironment morphology. HiPS uses deep learning to accurately map cellular and tissue structures to measure epithelial, stromal, immune, and spatial interaction features. It was developed using a population-level cohort from the Cancer Prevention Study-II and validated using data from three independent cohorts, including the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer trial, Cancer Prevention Study-3, and The Cancer Genome Atlas. HiPS consistently outperformed pathologists in predicting survival outcomes, independent of tumor-node-metastasis stage and pertinent variables. This was largely driven by stromal and immune features. In conclusion, HiPS is a robustly validated biomarker to support pathologists and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amgad
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James M Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maha A T Elsebaie
- Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David A Gutman
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kalliopi P Siziopikou
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffery A Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee A D Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Zhan Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Ni X, Wang J, Tang Z. Pretreatment dual-energy CT for predicting early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:9052-9062. [PMID: 37405505 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the predictive performance of pretreatment dual-energy CT (DECT) for early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS In this retrospective study, 56 NPC patients who underwent pretreatment DECT scans with posttreatment follow-up were enrolled. The DECT-derived normalised iodine concentration (nIC), effective atomic number (Zeff), 40-180 keV (20 keV interval), and Mix-0.3 value of the tumour lesions were measured to predict the early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The Mann‒Whitney U test, ROC analysis, Kaplan‒Meier method with log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to evaluate the predictive performance of DECT parameters, respectively. RESULTS Among all DECT-derived parameters, ROC analysis showed the predictive performances of nIC and Zeff values for early objective response to induction chemotherapy (AUCs of 0.803 and 0.826), locoregional failure-free survival (AUCs of 0.786 and 0.767), progression-free survival (AUCs of 0.856 and 0.731) and overall survival (AUCs of 0.765 and 0.799) in NPC patients, respectively (all p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that a high nIC value was an independent predictor of poor survival in NPC. In addition, survival analysis indicated that NPC patients with higher nIC values in primary tumours tend to have lower 5-year locoregional failure-free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival rates than those with lower nIC values. CONCLUSIONS DECT-derived nIC and Zeff values can predict early response to induction chemotherapy and survival in NPC; in particular, a high nIC value is an independent predictive factor of poor survival in NPC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Preoperative dual-energy computed tomography may provide predictive value for early response and survival outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and facilitate their clinical management. KEY POINTS • Pretreatment dual-energy computed tomography helps to predict early response to therapy and survival in NPC. • NIC and Zeff values derived from dual-energy computed tomography can predict early objective response to induction chemotherapy and survival in NPC. • A high nIC value is an independent predictive factor of poor survival in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaochen Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Abubakar M, Mullooly M, Nyante S, Pfeiffer RM, Aiello Bowles EJ, Cora R, Bodelon C, Butler E, Butcher D, Sternberg L, Troester MA, Weinmann S, Sherman M, Glass AG, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Gierach GL. Mammographic Density Decline, Tamoxifen Response, and Prognosis by Molecular Characteristics of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:6555998. [PMID: 35583138 PMCID: PMC9070642 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic breast density (MBD) decline post-tamoxifen initiation is a favorable prognostic factor in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) and has potential utility as a biomarker of tamoxifen response. However, the prognostic value of MBD decline may vary by molecular characteristics among ER-positive patients. METHODS We investigated associations between MBD decline (≥10% vs <10%) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) among ER-positive breast cancer patients aged 36-87 years at diagnosis treated with tamoxifen at Kaiser Permanente Northwest (1990-2008). Patients who died of BC (case patients; n = 62) were compared with those who did not (control patients; n = 215) overall and by tumor molecular characteristics (immunohistochemistry [IHC]-based subtype [luminal A-like: ER-positive/progesterone receptor [PR]-positive/HER2-negative/low Ki67; luminal B-like: ER-positive and 1 or more of PR-negative, HER2-positive, high Ki67] and modified IHC [mIHC]-based recurrence score of ER/PR/Ki67). Percent MBD was measured in the unaffected breast at baseline mammogram (mean = 6 months before tamoxifen initiation) and follow-up (mean = 12 months post-tamoxifen initiation). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from logistic regression models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS MBD decline was statistically significantly associated with reduced risk of BCSM overall (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.92). This association was, however, stronger among women with aggressive tumor characteristics including luminal B-like (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.73) vs A-like (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.92); large (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.78) vs small (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.04 to 3.79) tumors; PR-negative (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.37) vs PR-positive (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.40) disease; and high (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.93) vs low (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.10 to 2.09) mIHC3 score. CONCLUSION The findings support MBD decline as a prognostic marker of tamoxifen response among patients with aggressive ER-positive BC phenotypes, for whom understanding treatment effectiveness is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Correspondence to: Mustapha Abubakar, MD, PhD, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Maeve Mullooly
- School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin J Aiello Bowles
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renata Cora
- Independent Contractor, CT(ASCP), MB(ASCP), Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eboneé Butler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Sternberg
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Andrew G Glass
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Uray IP, Uray K. Mechanotransduction at the Plasma Membrane-Cytoskeleton Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11566. [PMID: 34768998 PMCID: PMC8584042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues are crucial for survival, adaptation, and normal homeostasis in virtually every cell type. The transduction of mechanical messages into intracellular biochemical messages is termed mechanotransduction. While significant advances in biochemical signaling have been made in the last few decades, the role of mechanotransduction in physiological and pathological processes has been largely overlooked until recently. In this review, the role of interactions between the cytoskeleton and cell-cell/cell-matrix adhesions in transducing mechanical signals is discussed. In addition, mechanosensors that reside in the cell membrane and the transduction of mechanical signals to the nucleus are discussed. Finally, we describe two examples in which mechanotransduction plays a significant role in normal physiology and disease development. The first example is the role of mechanotransduction in the proliferation and metastasis of cancerous cells. In this system, the role of mechanotransduction in cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and motility, is described. In the second example, the role of mechanotransduction in a mechanically active organ, the gastrointestinal tract, is described. In the gut, mechanotransduction contributes to normal physiology and the development of motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván P. Uray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Gonçalves DA, Jasiulionis MG, de Melo FHM. The Role of the BH4 Cofactor in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Cancer Progression: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9546. [PMID: 34502450 PMCID: PMC8431490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is associated with abnormal proliferation, genetic instability, cell death resistance, metabolic reprogramming, immunity evasion, and metastasis. These alterations are triggered by genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes that control cell homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) induced by different enzymes and reactions with distinct molecules contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression by modifying DNA, proteins, and lipids, altering their activities. Nitric oxide synthase plays a central role in oncogenic signaling modulation and redox landscape. Overexpression of the three NOS isoforms has been found in innumerous types of cancer contributing to tumor growth and development. Although the main function of NOS is the production of nitric oxide (NO), it can be a source of ROS in some pathological conditions. Decreased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor availability is involved in NOS dysfunction, leading to ROS production and reduced levels of NO. The regulation of NOSs by BH4 in cancer is controversial since BH4 has been reported as a pro-tumoral or an antitumoral molecule. Therefore, in this review, the role of BH4 in the control of NOS activity and its involvement in the capabilities acquired along tumor progression of different cancers was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Assis Gonçalves
- Micro-Imuno-Parasitology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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