1
|
Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu B. Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:953-1008. [PMID: 38487001 PMCID: PMC10935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1α, and c-Myc, can also influence cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circular RNAs play a vital role in directly regulating the Warburg effect. Additionally, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune system interactions are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Notably, the development of drugs targeting the Warburg effect has exhibited promising potential in tumor treatment. This comprehensive review presents novel directions and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients by conducting in-depth research and summarizing the bright prospects of targeting the Warburg effect in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen G, Hong X, He W, Ou L, Chen B, Zhong W, Lin Y, Luo X. The construction and analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle related prognostic model for cervical cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1092276. [PMID: 36968582 PMCID: PMC10033772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1092276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor in term of in incidence and mortality among women worldwide. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is an important hub of energy metabolism, networking one-carbon metabolism, fatty acyl metabolism and glycolysis. It can be seen that the reprogramming of cell metabolism including TCA cycle plays an indispensable role in tumorigenesis and development. We aimed to identify genes related to the TCA cycle as prognostic markers in CC. Methods: Firstly, we performed the differential expressed analysis the gene expression profiles associated with TCA cycle obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential gene list was generated and cluster analysis was performed using genes with detected fold changes >1.5. Based on the subclusters of CC, we analysed the relationship between different clusters and clinical information. Next, Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to screen genes with prognostic characteristics, and risk scores were calculated according to the genes with prognostic characteristics. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between the predictive signature and the treatment response of CC patients. Finally, we detected the expression of ench prognostic gene in clinical CC samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: We constructed a prognostic model consist of seven TCA cycle associated gene (ACSL1, ALDOA, FOXK2, GPI, MDH1B, MDH2, and MTHFD1). Patients with CC were separated into two groups according to median risk score, and high-risk group had a worse prognosis compared to the low-risk group. High risk group had lower level of sensitivity to the conventional chemotherapy drugs including cisplatin, paclitaxel, sunitinib and docetaxel. The expression of ench prognostic signature in clinical CC samples was verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusion: There are several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to TCA cycle in CC. The risk score model based on these genes can effectively predict the prognosis of patients and provide tumor markers for predicting the prognosis of CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiao Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanshan He
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Ou
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Zhong
- Department of Surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Lin, ; Xiping Luo,
| | - Xiping Luo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Lin, ; Xiping Luo,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
'Warburg effect' controls tumor growth, bacterial, viral infections and immunity - Genetic deconstruction and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:334-346. [PMID: 35820598 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary pressure for life transitioning from extended periods of hypoxia to an increasingly oxygenated atmosphere initiated drastic selections for a variety of biochemical pathways supporting the robust life currently present on the planet. First, we discuss how fermentative glycolysis, a primitive metabolic pathway present at the emergence of life, is instrumental for the rapid growth of cancer, regenerating tissues, immune cells but also bacteria and viruses during infections. The 'Warburg effect', activated via Myc and HIF-1 in response to growth factors and hypoxia, is an essential metabolic and energetic pathway which satisfies nutritional and energetic demands required for rapid genome replication. Second, we present the key role of lactic acid, the end-product of fermentative glycolysis able to move across cell membranes in both directions via monocarboxylate transporting proteins (i.e. MCT1/4) contributing to cell-pH homeostasis but also to the complex immune response via acidosis of the tumour microenvironment. Importantly lactate is recycled in multiple organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and energy source protecting cells and animals from harsh nutritional or oxygen restrictions. Third, we revisit the Warburg effect via CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI-KO) or lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA/B-DKO) in two aggressive tumours (melanoma B16-F10, human adenocarcinoma LS174T). Full suppression of lactic acid production reduces but does not suppress tumour growth due to reactivation of OXPHOS. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumour growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Finally, we briefly discuss the current clinical developments of an MCT1 specific drug AZ3965, and the recent progress for a specific in vivo MCT4 inhibitor, two drugs of very high potential for future cancer clinical applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeoung NH, Jo AL, Park HS. The effect of autocrine motility factor alone and in combination with methyl jasmonate on liver cancer cell growth. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1711-1715. [PMID: 33988672 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells secrete autocrine motility factor (AMF) to stimulate the motility of cancer cells. In this study, AMF secreted from HT-29 colorectal cancer cells selectively suppressed liver cancer cells by downregulating pAKT and β-catenin. In addition, HT-29 AMF significantly augmented the activity of methyl jasmonate against liver cancer cells and is a promising alternative for liver cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Ae Lim Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hee Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ko YS, Kim NY, Pyo JS. Clinicopathological significance and angiogenic role of the constitutive phosphorylation of the FOXO1 transcription factor in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153150. [PMID: 32829108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of phospho-forkhead box O1 (pFOXO1) expression and its impact on the angiogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry in 266 human CRC tissues for pFOXO1, and evaluated its cytoplasmic expression, regardless of its nuclear expression. We also investigated the correlation between pFOXO1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, survival, microvessel density (MVD), and angiogenesis-related molecules in CRC. RESULTS pFOXO1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of 100 (37.6 %) of the 266 CRC tissues. Furthermore, pFOXO1 expression was significantly correlated with the left colon and rectum, and with vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and higher pTNM stage. However, there was no significant correlation between pFOXO1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters. MVD was significantly higher in pFOXO1-positive tumors than in pFOXO1-negative tumors (P = 0.025). Among the angiogenesis-related molecules examined, pFOXO1 expression was significantly correlated with SIRT1 (P = 0.002) and VEGF expression (P < 0.001), but not with HIF-1α expression. pFOXO1 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival rates (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results showed that the pFOXO1 expression was significantly correlated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor survival rates. Moreover, pFOXO1 expression may affect tumor progression through SIRT1- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young San Ko
- Forensic Medicine Div., Busan Institute, National Forensic Service, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, 95 Dunsanseo-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma YT, Xing XF, Dong B, Cheng XJ, Guo T, Du H, Wen XZ, Ji JF. Higher autocrine motility factor/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase expression is associated with tumorigenesis and poorer prognosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4969-4980. [PMID: 30464597 PMCID: PMC6208529 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s177441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is a glycolytic-related enzyme that inter-converts glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate in the cytoplasm. This protein is also secreted into the extracellular matrix by cancer cells and is, therefore, also called autocrine motility factor (AMF). Methods To clarify the roles of AMF/GPI in gastric cancer (GC), we collected 335 GC tissues and the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, performed immunohistochemical studies, and analyzed the relationship between AMF/GPI expression and the patients’ clinicopathologic features. Results AMF/GPI expression was found to be significantly higher in the GC group than in the corresponding noncancerous tissue group (P<0.001). Additionally, AMF/GPI expression positively associated with a higher TNM stage and poorer prognosis in patients. Through Kaplan–Meier analysis and according to the Oncomine database, we found that AMF/GPI was overexpressed in GC tissues compared to normal mucosa, and the patients with higher AMF/GPI expression had poorer outcomes. We used AMF/GPI-silenced GC cell lines to observe how changes in AMP/GPI affect cellular phenotypes. AMF/GPI knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis, and induced apoptosis in GC cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that AMF/GPI overexpression is involved in carcinogenesis and promotes the aggressive phenotypes of GC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, , .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China,
| | - Xiao-Fang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Xian-Zi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, ,
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China, , .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Devillers M, Ahmad L, Korri-Youssoufi H, Salmon L. Carbohydrate-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of a cancer biomarker in human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 96:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Lyu Z, Chen Y, Guo X, Zhou F, Yan Z, Xing J, An J, Zhang H. Genetic variants in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene as prognosis predictors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2016; 40:698-704. [PMID: 27288297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer cells, including the alterations of activity and expression of enzymes in glucose metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of glucise-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in cancer initiation, metastasis and progression. However, the significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GPI gene has not been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this study, a total of 3 functional SNPs in GPI gene were genotyped in 492 HCC patients with surgical treatment. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used for the analysis of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS The homozygous variant genotypes of rs7248411 in mRNA splice sites of GPI gene were significantly associated with an increased risk of death in the multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.16-3.68 in a recessive model). In stratified analysis, the association remained significant in patients with high α-fetal protein (AFP) level (HR=2.37, 95% CI 1.25-4.49). Moreover, we identified the interaction between rs7248411 and AFP level in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients (P for interaction<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GPI gene polymorphism may serve as potential biomarkers to predict the OS of HCC. Further studies with different ethnicities are needed to validate our findings and generalize its clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomin Lyu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhaoyong Yan
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lucarelli G, Rutigliano M, Sanguedolce F, Galleggiante V, Giglio A, Cagiano S, Bufo P, Maiorano E, Ribatti D, Ranieri E, Gigante M, Gesualdo L, Ferro M, de Cobelli O, Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, De Placido S, Palazzo S, Bettocchi C, Ditonno P, Battaglia M. Increased Expression of the Autocrine Motility Factor is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Clear Cell-Renal Cell Carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2117. [PMID: 26579829 PMCID: PMC4652838 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), also known as phosphoglucose isomerase, was initially identified as the second glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Later studies demonstrated that GPI was the same as the autocrine motility factor (AMF), and that it mediates its biological effects through the interaction with its surface receptor (AMFR/gp78). In this study, we assessed the role of GPI/AMF as a prognostic factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cancer-specific (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, we evaluated the expression and localization of GPI/AMF and AMFR, using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry (TMA-IHC), indirect immunofluorescence (IF), and confocal microscopy analysis.Primary renal tumor and nonneoplastic tissues were collected from 180 patients who underwent nephrectomy for ccRCC. TMA-IHC and IF staining showed an increased signal for both GPI and AMFR in cancer cells, and their colocalization on plasma membrane. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences in CSS and PFS among groups of patients with high versus low GPI expression. In particular, patients with high tissue levels of GPI had a 5-year survival rate of 58.8%, as compared to 92.1% for subjects with low levels (P < 0.0001). Similar findings were observed for PFS (56.8% vs 93.3% at 5 years). At multivariate analysis, GPI was an independent adverse prognostic factor for CSS (HR = 1.26; P = 0.001), and PFS (HR = 1.16; P = 0.01).In conclusion, our data suggest that GPI could serve as a marker of ccRCC aggressiveness and a prognostic factor for CSS and PFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lucarelli
- From the Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari (GL, MR, VG, AG, SP, CB, PD, MB); Department of Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia (FS, SC, PB); Department of Pathology, University of Bari (EM); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari (DR); Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia (ER); Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari (MG, GL); Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan (MF, OdC); and Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (CB, GDL, SDP)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim SY, Ko YS, Park J, Choi Y, Park JW, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Yoo YB, Lee JS, Lee BL. Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXO1 Inhibits Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer in Relation to SIRT1. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:345-54. [PMID: 25761483 PMCID: PMC4720104 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously reported that forkhead transcription factors of the O class 1 (FOXO1) expression in gastric cancer (GC) was associated with angiogenesis-related molecules. However, there is little experimental evidence for the direct role of FOXO1 in GC. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FOXO1 on the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in GC and its relationship with SIRT1. Materials and Methods Stable GC cell lines (SNU-638 and SNU-601) infected with a lentivirus containing FOXO1 shRNA were established for animal studies as well as cell culture experiments. We used xenograft tumors in nude mice to evaluate the effect of FOXO1 silencing on tumor growth and angiogenesis. In addition, we examined the association between FOXO1 and SIRT1 by immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 471 human GC specimens and Western blot analysis of xenografted tumor tissues. Results In cell culture, FOXO1 silencing enhanced hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and GC cell growth under hypoxic conditions, but not under normoxic conditions. The xenograft study showed that FOXO1 downregulation enhanced tumor growth, microvessel areas, HIF-1α activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. In addition, inactivated FOXO1 expression was associated with SIRT1 expression in human GC tissues and xenograft tumor tissues. Conclusion Our results indicate that FOXO1 inhibits GC growth and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions via inactivation of the HIF-1α–VEGF pathway, possibly in association with SIRT1. Thus, development of treatment modalities aiming at this pathway might be useful for treating GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Youn Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Tumour Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiseul Choi
- Tumour Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bok Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Tumour Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shih WL, Yu FL, Chang CD, Liao MH, Wu HY, Lin PY. Suppression of AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenic activities by ursolic acid in cultured hepatoma cells and in a mouse model. Mol Carcinog 2013; 52:800-12. [PMID: 22549898 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI) possesses tumorigenic activities through the modulation of intracellular signaling. We then investigated the effects of ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), tangeretin, and nobiletin against AMF/PGI-mediated oncogenesis in cultured stable Huh7 and Hep3B cells expressing wild-type or mutated AMF/PGI and in a mouse model in this study. The working concentrations of the tested compounds were lower than their IC10 , which was determined by Brdu incorporation and colony formation assay. Only UA efficiently suppressed the AMF/PGI-induced Huh7 cell migration and MMP-3 secretion. Additionally, UA inhibited the AMF/PGI-mediated protection against TGF-β-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells, whereas OA, tangeretin, and nobiletin had no effect. In Huh7 cells and tumor tissues, UA disrupted the Src/RhoA/PI 3-kinase signaling and complex formation induced by AMF/PGI. In the Hep3B system, UA dramatically suppressed AMF/PGI-induced anti-apoptotic signaling transmission, including Akt, p85, Bad, and Stat3 phosphorylation. AMF/PGI enhances tumor growth, angiogenesis, and pulmonary metastasis in mice, which is correlated with its enzymatic activity, and critically, UA intraperitoneal injection reduces the tumorigenesis in vivo, enhances apoptosis in tumor tissues and also prolongs mouse survival. Combination of sub-optimal dose of UA and cisplatin, a synergistic tumor cell-killing effects was found. Thus, UA modulates intracellular signaling and might serve as a functional natural compound for preventing or alleviating hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu ZY, Chen JS, Shu YQ. Gene expression profile towards the prediction of patient survival of gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2009; 64:133-9. [PMID: 20005068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several gene expression signatures have been reported to predict patient survival of gastric cancer after surgical resection. However, the prognostic gene lists have overlapped poorly until now. This study conducted an analysis to characterize gene expression profile and developed a survival prediction model. METHODS The gene expression profile was evaluated in fresh frozen tumor tissue obtained from 48 patients with primary gastric cancer. We measured 84 representative genes involved in transformation and tumorigenesis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and related the results to overall survival. RESULTS In a univariate analysis, 84 genes were ranked on their ability to predict survival, of which nine genes were the strongest predictor (P<0.05). They were PLAU, MAP2K1, THBS1, TWIST1, ITGB5, NME4, ANGPT2, platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), ITGB1. Then, we did a multivariate analysis to further select four genes (ITGB1, PDGFB, THBS1, TWIST1) from the above nine genes for the construction of biomathematics model, which was independent of age, gender, TNM stage and other variables. This model could correctly clarify gastric patients into the high-risk group, median-risk group and low-risk group, as well as predict their survival. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of the expression of four genes is probable to predict surgery-related survival. This model may be test further for its potential to improve the selection of the resected gastric cancer patients in adjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fairbank M, St-Pierre P, Nabi IR. The complex biology of autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI) and its receptor, the gp78/AMFR E3 ubiquitin ligase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:793-801. [PMID: 19603112 DOI: 10.1039/b820820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a glycolytic enzyme that exhibits a dual function as an extracellular cytokine, under the name autocrine motility factor (AMF). Its cell surface receptor, gp78/AMFR, is also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Expression of both AMF/PGI and gp78/AMFR is associated with cancer and, in this review, we will discuss various aspects of the biology of this ligand-receptor complex and its role in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fairbank
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6P 5V8, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dobashi Y, Watanabe H, Sato Y, Hirashima S, Yanagawa T, Matsubara H, Ooi A. Differential expression and pathological significance of autocrine motility factor/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase expression in human lung carcinomas. J Pathol 2007; 210:431-40. [PMID: 17029220 DOI: 10.1002/path.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the involvement of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in the phenotype and biological profiles of human lung carcinomas, we analysed protein and mRNA expression in a total of 180 cases. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining in 67.2%, with the highest frequency in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 90.8%) and the lowest in small cell carcinoma (SmCC; 27.8%). In SCC, the staining frequency and intensity correlated with the degree of morphological differentiation. Generally, the expression levels in immunoblotting analysis corresponded well with immunohistochemical positivity. However, there was less agreement between protein and mRNA levels: in SmCC and large cell carcinomas (LCCs), mRNA showed higher, but protein showed lower expression. Among non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), AMF protein levels correlated inversely with tumour size, but tumours exhibiting lymph node metastasis showed higher mRNA expression. In cultured lung carcinoma cells which comprised all histological subtypes, AMF was detected in the lysates of all ten cell lines. Secreted AMF protein was detected in the conditioned media from six cell lines, most of which were SmCC or LCC. Thus, a particular subset of lung carcinomas secrete AMF, which may promote cell motility via autocrine stimulation through its cognate receptor and cause the biological aggressiveness seen in SmCC and LCC. Moreover, treatment by proteasome inhibitors resulted in increased cellular AMF in five cell lines, suggesting that intracellular AMF levels are regulated by both secretion and proteasome-dependent degradation. In conclusion, AMF was detected in a major proportion of lung carcinomas, and may play a part not only in proliferation and/or progression of the tumours, but also, possibly, in the differentiation of SCC. Furthermore, higher mRNA expression may be related to the high metastatic potential of NSCLC and increased protein secretion, leading to a more aggressive phenotype, such as the invasiveness of SmCC and LCC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tanizaki Y, Sato Y, Oka H, Utsuki S, Kondo K, Miyajima Y, Nagashio R, Fujii K. Expression of autocrine motility factor mRNA is a poor prognostic factor in high-grade astrocytoma. Pathol Int 2006; 56:510-5. [PMID: 16930331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.01999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that tumor infiltration is correlated with the expression of autocrine motility factor (AMF) and its receptor 78 kDa glycoprotein (gp78). The purpose of the present study was to detect AMF and gp78 mRNA expression levels and their localization in high-grade astrocytomas (glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma) and to determine whether AMF and gp78 are important prognostic factors. A total of 32 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded glioblastomas and 23 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded anaplastic astrocytomas was used. The expressions of AMF and gp78 mRNA were detected using the highly sensitive in situ hybridization method. The expression of AMF mRNA was detected in 27 of 32 glioblastomas (84.4%) and 11 of 23 anaplastic astrocytomas (47.8%). The positivity of AMF mRNA was significantly higher in glioblastomas than in anaplastic astrocytomas (P = 0.0094), but gp78 mRNA was detected in most cases and no statistical significance was observed. The overall survival of patients with AMF expression was significantly shorter than patients without AMF expression (P = 0.0175). In anaplastic astrocytomas, the overall survival of patients with AMF expression was also significantly shorter than in patients without AMF expression (P = 0.0058). This study demonstrated that AMF is a poor prognostic factor in high-grade astrocytomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Perryman LA, Blair JM, Kingsley EA, Szymanska B, Ow KT, Wen VW, MacKenzie KL, Vermeulen PB, Jackson P, Russell PJ. Over-expression of p53 mutants in LNCaP cells alters tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1207-14. [PMID: 16723121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study has investigated the impact of three specific dominant-negative p53 mutants (F134L, M237L, and R273H) on tumorigenesis by LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Mutant p53 proteins were associated with an increased subcutaneous "take rate" in NOD-SCID mice, and increased production of PSA. Tumors expressing F134L and R273H grew slower than controls, and were associated with decreased necrosis and apoptosis, but not hypoxia. Interestingly, hypoxia levels were increased in tumors expressing M237L. There was less proliferation in F134L-bearing tumors compared to control, but this was not statistically significant. Angiogenesis was decreased in tumors expressing F134L and R273H compared with M237L, or controls. Conditioned medium from F134L tumors inhibited growth of normal human umbilical-vein endothelial cells but not telomerase-immortalized bone marrow endothelial cells. F134L tumor supernatants showed lower levels of VEGF and endostatin compared with supernatants from tumors expressing other mutants. Our results support the possibility that decreased angiogenesis might account for reduced growth rate of tumor cells expressing the F134L p53 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Perryman
- Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker St., Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|