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Li Y, Tan C, Liu L, Han L. Significance of blood and salivary IEX-1 expression in diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:764-771. [PMID: 29431239 PMCID: PMC5900728 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study assesses a clinical potential of immediate early responsive gene X-1 (IEX-1), also named IER3, in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma using blood and salivary specimens. METHODS Immediate early responsive gene X-1 was quantified in blood and saliva by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 26 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 37 cases of benign ovarian tumor and 55 cases of healthy women. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of IEX-1. RESULTS Immediate early responsive gene X-1 was expressed in blood and saliva of the benign ovarian tumor group and the healthy women group, both at a level significantly higher than that of the ovarian carcinoma group (P < 0.017). There were no significant differences in IEX-1 expression in blood and saliva (P = 0.376 or 0.621, respectively) between the benign ovarian tumor and the healthy women group. Comparison of IEX-1 expression in blood between the ovarian carcinoma group and the benign ovarian tumor group or the healthy women group demonstrated the ROC-area under curves (AUC) of 0.947 or 0.929, respectively. In discriminating the ovarian carcinoma group from the benign ovarian tumor group, IEX-1 expression in blood demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 94.6%, respectively. Similarly, blood IEX-1 expression conferred a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 90.9% in distinguishing the ovarian carcinoma group from the healthy women group. Moreover, salivary IEX-1 expression had ROC-AUC of 0.851 when compared between the ovarian carcinoma group and the benign ovarian tumor group or 0.896 when compared between the ovarian cancer group and the healthy women group. IEX-1 expression was able to discriminate the ovarian carcinoma group from the benign ovarian tumor group with a sensitivity and specificity of 65.4% and 94.6%, respectively, or the ovarian carcinoma from the healthy women with 92.3% sensitivity and 72.5% specificity. CONCLUSION These results suggest the clinical potential of IEX-1 expression in blood and saliva as a sensitive and specific diagnosis for epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Navarro-Mateu F, Tormo MJ, Vilagut G, Alonso J, Ruíz-Merino G, Escámez T, Salmerón D, Júdez J, Martínez S, Navarro C. Epidemiology and genetics of common mental disorders in the general population: the PEGASUS-Murcia project. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e004035. [PMID: 24302509 PMCID: PMC3855565 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, epidemiologists, neurogeneticists and statisticians on research projects has been encouraged to improve our knowledge of the complex mechanisms underlying the aetiology and burden of mental disorders. The PEGASUS-Murcia (Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia) project was designed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and to identify the risk and protective factors, and it also included the collection of biological samples to study the gene-environmental interactions in the context of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PEGASUS-Murcia project is a new cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey based on a representative sample of non-institutionalised adults in the Region of Murcia (Mediterranean Southeast, Spain). Trained lay interviewers used the latest version of the computer-assisted personal interview of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) for use in Spain, specifically adapted for the project. Two biological samples of buccal mucosal epithelium will be collected from each interviewed participant, one for DNA extraction for genomic and epigenomic analyses and the other to obtain mRNA for gene expression quantification. Several quality control procedures will be implemented to assure the highest reliability and validity of the data. This article describes the rationale, sampling methods and questionnaire content as well as the laboratory methodology. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Informed consent will be obtained from all participants and a Regional Ethics Research Committee has approved the protocol. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and presented at the national and the international conferences. DISCUSSION Cross-sectional studies, which combine detailed personal information with biological data, offer new and exciting opportunities to study the gene-environmental interactions in the aetiology of common mental disorders in representative samples of the general population. A collaborative multidisciplinary research approach offers the potential to advance our knowledge of the underlying complex interactions and this opens the field for further innovative study designs in psychiatric epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Subdirección General de Salud Mental y Asistencia Psiquiátrica, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
| | - MJ Tormo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Vilagut
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Médiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Médiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Salud y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Ruíz-Merino
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - T Escámez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB BIOBANC-MUR, Biobanco-HUVA-AECC-FFIS, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Salmerón
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Júdez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB BIOBANC-MUR, Biobanco-HUVA-AECC-FFIS, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - C Navarro
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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MicroRNAs in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:650218. [PMID: 24260035 PMCID: PMC3821954 DOI: 10.1155/2013/650218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding single-stranded RNAs, about 19–25 nucleotides long. They have been shown to be capable of altering mRNA expression; thus some are oncogenic or tumour suppressive in nature and are regulated by cellular and epigenetic factors. The molecular pathogenic pathway of many cancers has been modified since the discovery of miRs. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the sixth most common cancer in the world, has recently been associated with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). miR expression profiles are altered in the transition from dysplasia to carcinoma, with some changes being specific to the underlying risk factor. This difference is particularly significant in HPV-positive HNSCC where host miRs are modulated by the virus, creating a different profile to HPV-negative HNSCC. Saliva, as an easily collected proximal biofluid containing numerous miRs, presents an attractive noninvasive diagnostic tool in detecting HNSCC and determining prognosis. Furthermore, miRs may play a role in the analysis of surgical margins for residual tumour extension and in the development of novel miR-based therapeutic targets and agents.
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Haas C, Hanson E, Anjos MJ, Ballantyne KN, Banemann R, Bhoelai B, Borges E, Carvalho M, Courts C, De Cock G, Drobnic K, Dötsch M, Fleming R, Franchi C, Gomes I, Hadzic G, Harbison SA, Harteveld J, Hjort B, Hollard C, Hoff-Olsen P, Hüls C, Keyser C, Maroñas O, McCallum N, Moore D, Morling N, Niederstätter H, Noël F, Parson W, Phillips C, Popielarz C, Roeder AD, Salvaderi L, Sauer E, Schneider PM, Shanthan G, Court DS, Turanská M, van Oorschot RAH, Vennemann M, Vidaki A, Zatkalíková L, Ballantyne J. RNA/DNA co-analysis from human menstrual blood and vaginal secretion stains: results of a fourth and fifth collaborative EDNAP exercise. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 8:203-12. [PMID: 24315610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) organized a fourth and fifth collaborative exercise on RNA/DNA co-analysis for body fluid identification and STR profiling. The task was to identify dried menstrual blood and vaginal secretion stains using specific RNA biomarkers, and additionally test 3 housekeeping genes for their suitability as reference genes. Six menstrual blood and six vaginal secretion stains, two dilution series (1/4-1/64 pieces of a menstrual blood/vaginal swab) and, optionally, bona fide or mock casework samples of human or non-human origin were analyzed by 24 participating laboratories, using RNA extraction or RNA/DNA co-extraction methods. Two novel menstrual blood mRNA multiplexes were used: MMP triplex (MMP7, MMP10, MMP11) and MB triplex (MSX1, LEFTY2, SFRP4) in conjunction with a housekeeping gene triplex (B2M, UBC, UCE). Two novel mRNA multiplexes and a HBD1 singleplex were used for the identification of vaginal secretion: Vag triplex (MYOZ1, CYP2B7P1 and MUC4) and a Lactobacillus-specific Lacto triplex (Ljen, Lcris, Lgas). The laboratories used different chemistries and instrumentation and all were able to successfully isolate and detect mRNA in dried stains. The simultaneous extraction of RNA and DNA allowed for positive identification of the tissue/fluid source of origin by mRNA profiling as well as a simultaneous identification of the body fluid donor by STR profiling, also from old and compromised casework samples. The results of this and the previous collaborative RNA exercises support RNA profiling as a reliable body fluid identification method that can easily be combined with current STR typing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haas
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Patil PB, Patil BR. Saliva: A diagnostic biomarker of periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012; 15:310-7. [PMID: 22368352 PMCID: PMC3283925 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.92560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of disease plays a crucial role in successful therapy. Early diagnosis and management reduces the severity and possible complications of the disease process. To overcome this challenge, medical researchers are devoted to finding molecular disease biomarkers that reveal a hidden lethal threat before the disease becomes complicated. Saliva, an important physiologic fluid, containing a highly complex mixture of substances, is rapidly gaining popularity as a diagnostic tool. Periodontal disease is a chronic disease of the oral cavity comprising a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. In the field of periodontology, traditional clinical criteria are often insufficient for determining sites of active disease, for monitoring the response to therapy, or for measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression. Saliva, as a mirror of oral and systemic health, is a valuable source for clinically relevant information because it contains biomarkers specific for the unique physiologic aspects of periodontal diseases. This review highlights the various potentials of saliva as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Basgauda Patil
- Department of Periodontology, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre, Maharashtra, India
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Osman TA, Costea DE, Johannessen AC. The use of salivary cytokines as a screening tool for oral squamous cell carcinoma : A review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:256-61. [PMID: 22923900 PMCID: PMC3424944 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.99083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. The 5-year survival rate has remained below 50% over the last two decades, and new tools for early diagnosis are needed. Saliva has been used for diagnosis of several systemic diseases, and its use for diagnosis of OSCC has been sought extensively. Among the many salivary analytes for diagnosis of OSCC, accumulating evidences indicate the possibility of using salivary cytokines. Overproduction of proinflammatory, proangiogenic cytokines by OSCC cells has been reported, and their role in tumor progression and angiogenesis is well established. However, many inflammatory conditions and immunological diseases could affect the levels of cytokines in serum and saliva. This article has reviewed publications in this matter, and some strengths and weaknesses have been pointed out. Conclusively, large-scale investigations are required for validation of the use of salivary cytokines for diagnosis of OSCC, with consideration to the influential role of periodontal inflammation in their levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarig A Osman
- Section of Pathology, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Lee YH, Joshipura K, Vergara JL, Wong DT. Detection of type II diabetes mellitus using salivary transcriptomic biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gmbhs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lee YH, Kim JH, Zhou H, Kim BW, Wong DT. Salivary transcriptomic biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer: for serous papillary adenocarcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:427-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reboiras-López MD, Pérez-Sayáns M, Somoza-Martín JM, Gayoso-Diz P, Barros-Angueira F, Gándara-Rey JM, García-García A. Comparison of the Cytobrush®, dermatological curette and oral CDx® brush test as methods for obtaining samples of RNA for molecular analysis of oral cytology. Cytopathology 2011; 23:192-7. [PMID: 21410796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interest in oral exfoliative cytology has increased with the availability of molecular markers that may lead to the earlier diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. This research aims to compare the efficacy of three different instruments (Cytobrush, curette and Oral CDx brush) in providing adequate material for molecular analysis. METHODS One hundred and four cytological samples obtained from volunteer healthy subjects were analysed using all three instruments. The clinical and demographical variables under study were age, sex and smoking habits. The three instruments were compared for their ability to obtain adequate samples and for the amount of RNA obtained using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-qRT) analysis of the Abelson (ABL) housekeeping gene. RESULTS RNA of the ABL gene has been quantified by number of copies. Adequate samples were more likely to be obtained with a curette (90.6%) or Oral CDx (80.0%) than a Cytobrush (48.6%); P < 0.001. Similarly, the RNA quantification was 17.64 ± 21.10 with a curette, 16.04 ± 15.81 with Oral CDx and 6.82 ± 6.71 with a Cytobrush. There were statistically significant differences between the Cytobrush and curette (P = 0.008) and between the Cytobrush and OralCDx (P = 0.034). There was no difference according to the demographical variables. CONCLUSIONS Oral exfoliative cytology is a simple, non-invasive technique that provides sufficient RNA to perform studies on gene expression. Although material was obtained with all three instruments, adequate samples were more likely to be obtained with the curette or Oral CDx than with a Cytobrush. The Oral CDx is a less aggressive instrument than the curette, so could be a useful tool in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Reboiras-López
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Entrerríos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
In all, 350,000 new cases of oral cancer are reported annually worldwide, 35,000 of these occur in the United States. For decades, the 5-year survival rate has remained low at only 60%, which is mainly due to cancer diagnosis at late and progressed stage. Using saliva as a diagnostic medium could be the key for early detection and thus improved survival rates. Among all salivary constituents, the transcriptome has turned out to be a highly promising biomarker source. So far, seven mRNA and two microRNA markers were found to be discriminatory in saliva of oral cancer patients. This review will give an overview on the field of salivary transcriptome research with focus on oral cancer detection as well as the translation of salivary diagnostics into clinical reality.
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Pérez-Sayáns M, Somoza-Martín JM, Barros-Angueira F, Reboiras-López MD, Gándara-Vila P, Gándara Rey JM, García-García A. Exfoliative cytology for diagnosing oral cancer. Biotech Histochem 2010; 85:177-87. [PMID: 20426699 DOI: 10.3109/10520290903162730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exfoliative cytology is a minimally invasive technique for obtaining oral cell specimens from patients for diagnostic purposes. Classical applications of oral cytology studies, such as oral candidiasis, have been extended to include oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. A number of analytical methods are available for studying cytology specimens. The development of molecular analysis techniques, the oral cancer etiopathogenic process, and improvements in liquid-based exfoliative cytology are leading to renewed interest in exfoliative cytology. Results sometimes are disputed, so the aim of our review was to clarify the applicability of exfoliative cytology to the diagnosis of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Sayáns
- School of Dentistry, Entrerríos s/n, Santiago of Compostela C.P. 15782, Spain.
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Zhang L, Farrell JJ, Zhou H, Elashoff D, Akin D, Park NH, Chia D, Wong DT. Salivary transcriptomic biomarkers for detection of resectable pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:949-57.e1-7. [PMID: 19931263 PMCID: PMC2831159 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lack of detection technology for early pancreatic cancer invariably leads to a typical clinical presentation of incurable disease at initial diagnosis. New strategies and biomarkers for early detection are sorely needed. In this study, we have conducted a prospective sample collection and retrospective blinded validation to evaluate the performance and translational utilities of salivary transcriptomic biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of resectable pancreatic cancer. METHODS The Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) was used to profile transcriptomes and discover altered gene expression in saliva supernatant. Biomarkers discovered from the microarray study were subjected to clinical validation using an independent sample set of 30 pancreatic cancer patients, 30 chronic pancreatitis patients, and 30 healthy controls. RESULTS Twelve messenger RNA biomarkers were discovered and validated. The logistic regression model with the combination of 4 messenger RNA biomarkers (KRAS, MBD3L2, ACRV1, and DPM1) could differentiate pancreatic cancer patients from noncancer subjects (chronic pancreatitis and healthy control), yielding a receiver operating characteristic plot, area under the curve value of 0.971 with 90.0% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The salivary biomarkers possess discriminatory power for the detection of resectable pancreatic cancer, with high specificity and sensitivity. This report provides the proof of concept of salivary biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of a systemic cancer and paves the way for prediction model validation study followed by pivotal clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James J. Farrell
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Akin
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - No-Hee Park
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Division of Hematology & Oncology, David Geffen School of medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David T. Wong
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Division of Head and Neck Surgery/Otolaryngology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Giannobile WV, Beikler T, Kinney JS, Ramseier CA, Morelli T, Wong DT. Saliva as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease: current state and future directions. Periodontol 2000 2009; 50:52-64. [PMID: 19388953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hu Z, Zimmermann BG, Zhou H, Wang J, Henson BS, Yu W, Elashoff D, Krupp G, Wong DT. Exon-level expression profiling: a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of oral fluids. Clin Chem 2008; 54:824-32. [PMID: 18356245 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.096164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of global gene expression profiling to saliva samples is hampered by the presence of partially fragmented and degraded RNAs that are difficult to amplify and detect with the prevailing technologies. Moreover, the often limited volume of saliva samples is a challenge to quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation of multiple candidates. The aim of this study was to provide proof-of-concept data on the combination of a universal mRNA-amplification method with exon arrays for candidate selection and a multiplex preamplification method for easy validation. METHODS We used a universal mRNA-specific linear-amplification strategy in combination with Affymetrix Exon Arrays to amplify salivary RNA from 18 healthy individuals on the nanogram scale. Multiple selected candidates were preamplified in one multiplex reverse transcription PCR reaction, cleaned up enzymatically, and validated by qPCR. RESULTS We defined a salivary exon core transcriptome (SECT) containing 851 transcripts of genes that have highly similar expression profiles in healthy individuals. A subset of the SECT transcripts was verified by qPCR analysis. Informatics analysis of the SECT revealed several functional clusters and sequence motifs. Sex-specific salivary exon biomarkers were identified and validated in tests with samples from healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to use samples containing fragmented RNAs to conduct high-resolution expression profiling with coverage of the entire transcriptome and to validate multiple targets from limited amounts of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhi Hu
- Dental Research Institute, 73-017 Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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Zimmermann BG, Wong DT. Salivary mRNA targets for cancer diagnostics. Oral Oncol 2007; 44:425-9. [PMID: 18061522 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) affects almost 1 million people worldwide per year. Despite therapeutic advances the overall survival rate remains low because diagnosis often occurs only at advanced stages with poor prognosis. Like in most cancers, the implementation of an early detection scheme would have a positive impact on this disease. Similarly, as oral cancer has a very high recurrence rate, the early identification of recurrence or second primary tumors is an important challenge. HNSCC detection is currently based on expert clinical examination of the upper aerodigestive tract and histologic analysis of suspicious areas, but it may be undetectable in hidden sites, and unfortunately visual screening for oral lesions is an often neglected part of dental healthcare. Our group is actively pursuing the assembly of a toolbox for the molecular analysis of oral fluid. Here we present our current status utilizing the salivary transcriptome for oral cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard G Zimmermann
- UCLA Dental Research Institute, 73-017 Center for Health Sciences, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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