1
|
Zhu Y, Zhao J, Ding H, Qiu M, Xue L, Ge D, Wen G, Ren H, Li P, Wang J. Applications of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e741. [PMID: 39309692 PMCID: PMC11413507 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic agents owing to their natural abundance, accessibility, and unique biological properties. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the therapeutic potential of plant-derived EVs and emphasizes their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tumor-inhibitory effects. Here, we discussed the advancements in isolation and purification techniques, such as ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography, which are critical for maintaining the functional integrity of these nanovesicles. Next, we investigated the diverse administration routes of EVs and carefully weighed their respective advantages and challenges related to bioavailability and patient compliance. Moreover, we elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms of action of plant-derived EVs, including their roles in anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antitumor activity, and modulation of gut microbiota. We also discussed the impact of EVs on specific diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting the importance of addressing current challenges related to production scalability, regulatory compliance, and immunogenicity. Finally, we proposed future research directions for optimizing EV extraction and developing targeted delivery systems. Through these efforts, we envision the seamless integration of plant-derived EVs into mainstream medicine, offering safe and potent therapeutic alternatives across various medical disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Junqi Zhao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lingling Xue
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Dongxue Ge
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Gaolin Wen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Peng Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng K, Li X, Bai Y, Zhang D, Tian L. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide: A comprehensive overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24335. [PMID: 38293343 PMCID: PMC10826740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for naturally occurring constituents is driven by the rise in the cancer prevalence and the unpleasant side effects associated with chemotherapeutics. Triptolide, the primary active component of "Tripterygium Wilfordii", has exploited for biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential against various tumors. Based on the recent pre-clinical investigations, triptolide is linked to the induction of death of cancerous cells by triggering cellular apoptosis via inhibiting heat shock protein expression (HSP70), and cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs) by up regulating expression of P21. MKP1, histone methyl transferases and RNA polymerases have all recently identified as potential targets of triptolide in cells. Autophagy, AKT signaling pathway and various pathways involving targeted proteins such as A-disintegrin & metalloprotease-10 (ADAM10), Polycystin-2 (PC-2), dCTP pyro-phosphatase 1 (DCTP1), peroxiredoxin-I (Prx-I), TAK1 binding protein (TAB1), kinase subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the xeroderma-pigmentosum B (XPB or ERCC3) have been exploited. Besides that, triptolide is responsible for enhancing the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutics. In addition, several triptolide moieties, including minnelide and LLDT8, have progressed in investigations on humans for the treatment of cancer. Targeted strategies, such as triptolide conjugation with ligands or triptolide loaded nano-carriers, are efficient techniques to confront toxicities associated with triptolide. We expect and anticipate that advances in near future, regarding combination therapies of triptolide, might be beneficial against cancerous cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yuzhuo Bai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He H, Takahashi A, Mukai T, Hori A, Narita M, Tojo A, Yang T, Nagamura-Inoue T. The Immunomodulatory Effect of Triptolide on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686356. [PMID: 34484183 PMCID: PMC8415460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have immunosuppressive ability and have been used in clinical treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease, one of severe complications of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, MSCs are activated to suppress the immune system only after encountering an inflammatory stimulation. Thus, it will be ideal if MSCs are primed to be activated and ready to suppress the immune reaction before being administered. Triptolide (TPL) is a diterpene triepoxide purified from a Chinese herb-Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in vitro. In this study, we aimed to use TPL to prime umbilical cord-derived MSCs (TPL-primed UC-MSCs) to enter a stronger immunosuppressive status. UC-MSCs were primed with TPL, which was washed out thoroughly, and the TPL-primed UC-MSCs were resuspended in fresh medium. Although TPL inhibited the proliferation of UC-MSCs, 0.01 μM TPL for 24 h was tolerable. The surface markers of TPL-primed UC-MSCs were identical to those of non-primed UC-MSCs. TPL-primed UC-MSCs exhibited stronger anti-proliferative effect for activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay than the non-primed UC-MSCs. TPL-primed UC-MSCs promoted the expression of IDO-1 in the presence of IFN-γ, but TPL alone was not sufficient. Furthermore, TPL-primed UC-MSCs showed increased expression of PD-L1. Conclusively, upregulation of IDO-1 in the presence of IFN-γ and induction of PD-L1 enhances the immunosuppressive potency of TPL-primed UC-MSCs on the proliferation of activated T cells. Thus, TPL- primed MSCs may provide a novel immunosuppressive cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping He
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.,Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Atsuko Takahashi
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Akiko Hori
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, School of Health Science, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Triptolide impairs genome integrity by directly blocking the enzymatic activity of DNA-PKcs in human cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110427. [PMID: 32574974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a multi-functional natural small molecular compound extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Triptolide and its derivatives exhibit cytotoxicity through inducing DNA damage, therefore increasing sensitivity to DNA-damage based chemotherapy or radiotherapy in different types of cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of genotoxicity by triptolide, and the loss of genome integrity induced by triptolide are not fully understood. Here, we measured the effects of triptolide on genome integrity in a human fibroblast line HCA2-hTERT using the neutral comet assay. We demonstrated that treating cells with triptolide induced genomic instability in HCA2-hTERT cells. Furthermore, we observed the accumulation of γH2AX foci in triptolide treated cells than control cells at 24 h post ionizing radiation. Further mechanistic studies indicated that triptolide inhibited the enzymatic activity of DNA-PKcs, the critical nonhomologous end joining factor. In vitro kinase activity assays showed that triptolide suppressed the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs and molecular docking also predicted a potential interaction between triptolide and DNA-PKcs. As a consequence, we found that triptolide treatment enhanced the interaction between DNA-PKcs and KU80 and hampered the following recruitment of 53BP1. Altogether, our finding provides a new perspective about the toxicity of triptolide in non-cancer cells and highlights the necessity of taking genome effects of triptolide and its derivatives into consideration in the future clinical and research applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Maqbool F, Falconer JR, Moyle PM. Supercritical fluid assembly of albendazole liposomes targeting gastrin-releasing peptide receptor overexpressing tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1315-1330. [PMID: 32484025 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop albendazole (ABZ)-loaded bombesin(6-14) (BBN(6-14)) functionalized liposomes for targeting GRPR to enhance delivery to cancer cells. Materials & methods: ABZ-loaded liposomes were formulated using supercritical CO2 technology; functionalized with a GRPR-targeted lipid-anchored BBN(6-14) peptide; and evaluated for effects on cell viability, particle size and targeted cell uptake. Results: BBN(6-14)-coated ABZ liposomes decreased cell viability compared with nonfunctionalized ABZ liposomes. The level of GRPR expression positively correlated with intracellular uptake and decreased cell viability. The reduced cell viability, higher cell uptake and GRPR expression were observed in the order PC-3 > Caco-2 > HepG2 cells. Conclusion: BBN(6-14)-functionalized ABZ liposomes showed enhanced reduction in cell viability compared with nonfunctionalized ABZ liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Maqbool
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - James R Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li YW, Xu J, Zhu GY, Huang ZJ, Lu Y, Li XQ, Wang N, Zhang FX. Apigenin suppresses the stem cell-like properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting YAP/TAZ activity. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:105. [PMID: 30479839 PMCID: PMC6244166 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a clinical challenge because of the absence of effective therapeutic targets. In TNBC, overexpression of YAP and TAZ correlates with bioactivities of cancer stem cells (CSCs), high histological grade, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. Thus, YAP/TAZ may serve as potential therapeutic targets in TNBC. To identify YAP/TAZ inhibitors, in previous experiments, we screened a library of natural compounds by using YAP/TAZ luciferase reporter assay and identified apigenin as a potential inhibitor. In this study, we demonstrated that apigenin significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that apigenin inhibited stemness features of TNBC cells in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Our mechanism study demonstrated that apigenin decreased YAP/TAZ activity and the expression of target genes, such as CTGF and CYR61, in TNBC cells. We also showed that apigenin disrupted the YAP/TAZ-TEADs protein-protein interaction and decreased expression of TAZ sensitized TNBC cells to apigenin treatment. Collectively, our studies suggest that apigenin is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of TNBC patients with high YAP/TAZ activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Li
- 1Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- 1Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Juan Huang
- 3The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- 4School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Qian Li
- 3The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Neng Wang
- 3The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China.,5Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xue Zhang
- 3The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Triptolide inhibits Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 expression by increasing sensitivity of mitochondria apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:192. [PMID: 30111354 PMCID: PMC6094928 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widely found in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue and associated with poor prognosis of patients. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is expressed in all NPC tumors and plays multiple biological roles in both virus and host cells. Triptolide is a natural product extracted from Tripterygium and shows anti-cancer activities. The goal of this work was to illustrate the anti-cancer effect of triptolide and elucidate a novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of EBNA1 in NPC cells encountered with triptolide. METHODS In the present study, a CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the proliferation of NPC cells treated with triptolide in a dose- and time-dependent ways. Effects of triptolide on NPC cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometric analysis. EBNA1 expression in mRNA and protein levels was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that triptolide effectively inhibited proliferation of NPC cells. Triptolide arrested NPC cell cycles in S phase and induced apoptosis through a caspase-9-dependent apoptosis pathway. Low-dose of triptolide reduced the half-life of EBNA1 and significantly decreased EBNA1 expression by promoting the process of proteasome-ubiquitin pathway. Over-expression of EBNA1, which was independent from EBV genome, effectively attenuated the apoptosis induced by triptolide. In addition, triptolide significantly inhibited proliferations of tumors induced by EBV-positive cells in vivo. Furthermore, EBNA1 were expressed in all NPC biopsies of Chinese patients. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides the evidence that triptolide induces EBNA1 degradation and stimulates NPC apoptosis through mitochondria apoptotic pathway. In addition, EBNA1 assists NPC cells to resist triptolide-induced apoptosis through inhibiting caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Broad targeting of triptolide to resistance and sensitization for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:771-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
9
|
Teng F, Xu Z, Chen J, Zheng G, Zheng G, Lv H, Wang Y, Wang L, Cheng X. DUSP1 induces apatinib resistance by activating the MAPK pathway in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1203-1222. [PMID: 29956792 PMCID: PMC6072387 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1) is an oncogene that is associated with cancer progression following drug resistance. In order to investigate the potential relationship between DUSP1 and apatinib resistance in gastric cancer cells, we preformed many assays to study this problem. DUSP1 gene was detected by RT-qPCR assay, proteins in MAPK pathway were quantified by western blot assay, and CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Hoechest 33342 stain were performed to detect the resistance of cells, cell cycles and apoptosis, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to discover the expression of DUSP1 protein in patients' tumor or paratumor tissues. It was found that apatinib (Apa)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells showed increased expression of DUSP1, whereas the knockdown of DUSP1 in resistant cells resensitized these cells to Apa. The restored sensitivity to Apa was the result of inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the induction of apoptosis. The in vitro use of Apa in combination with a DUSP1 inhibitor, triptolide, exerted significant effects on inhibiting the expression of DUSP1, growth inhibition, and apoptosis via the inactivation of MAPK signaling. In patients who did not undergo chemotherapy or targeted therapy, the expression of DUSP1 in adjacent tissues was higher when compared with that observed in tumor tissues. In addition, the expression of DUSP1 was higher in the early stages of GC than in the advanced stages. The expression of DUSP1 in tumor tissues was not associated with the survival rate of the patients. Therefore, increased expression of DUSP1 may be responsible for Apa resistance, and DUSP1 may serve as a biomarker for Apa efficacy. In conclusion, inducing the downregulation of DUSP1 may be a promising strategy to overcome Apa resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zheng
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guodian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhejiang Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen C, Yang S, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang SB, Wu B, Hong J, Zhang W, Lin J, Okunieff P, Zhang L. Triptolide mitigates radiation-induced pneumonitis via inhibition of alveolar macrophages and related inflammatory molecules. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45133-45142. [PMID: 28415830 PMCID: PMC5542172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced pulmonary injury is a major limitation of radiotherapy for thoracic tumors. We have demonstrated that triptolide (TPL) could alleviate IR-induced pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanism by which TPL mitigates the effects of radiotoxicity. The results showed that: (1) Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were the primary inflammatory cells infiltrating irradiated lung tissues and were maintained at a high level for at least 17 days, which TPL could reduce by inhibiting of the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and its receptor CXCR2. (2) Stimulated by the co-cultured irradiated lung epithelium, AMs produced a panel of inflammative molecules (IMs), such as cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β) and chemokines (MIP-2, MCP-1, LIX). TPL-treated AMs could reduce the production of these IMs. Meanwhile, AMs isolated from irradiated lung tissue secreted significantly high levels of IMs, which could be dramatically reduced by TPL. (3) TPL suppressed the phagocytosis of AMs as well as ROS production. Our results indicate that TPL mitigates radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation through the inhibition of the infiltration, IM secretion, and phagocytosis of AMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China 350122
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Steven B Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Bing Wu
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Fujian Platform for Medical Research at First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Key Lab of Individualized Active Immunotherapy and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Province Universities, Fuzhou, China 350005
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Triptolide Combined with Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via NF-κB-Related Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122139. [PMID: 27999372 PMCID: PMC5187939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a poor prognosis because of the lack of an effective treatment. Here we explored the efficiency and the molecular mechanisms of combined treatment with triptolide and ionizing radiation for treating NPC. Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE) cells were treated with triptolide, ionizing radiation, or triptolide plus ionizing radiation in vitro. Tumor potency was examined in an in vivo CNE cell xenograft mouse model, which was treated as above. Our results demonstrated that triptolide caused a significant reduction in cell growth and colony number, and induced a marked apoptosis that was further enhanced with increasing doses of ionizing radiation. Combination treatment synergistically reduced tumor weight and volume without obvious toxicity. Western blot analysis in vitro and in vivo showed that triptolide induced apoptotic protein Bax expression and inhibited phosph-NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and VEGF proteins without affecting other NF-κB related protein expression. In conclusion, our findings revealed that triptolide plus ionizing radiation had synergistic anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis effects in NPC via down-regulating NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. The combination therapy may provide novel mechanism insights into inhibit NPC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bando SI, Hatano O, Takemori H, Kubota N, Ohnishi K. Potentiality of syringetin for preferential radiosensitization to cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:286-294. [PMID: 27707083 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1242815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the enhancing effects of syringetin on the radiosensitivity of normal and cancer cells, and the related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used normal human lung and mouse fibroblasts as well as human lung and mouse cancer cells derived from the above normal fibroblasts. Cell radiosensitivity was measured using a colony formation assay. Apoptosis was analyzed with DAPI staining and Western blots. DNA lesions were analyzed with γH2AX immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The colony formation assay showed that syringetin enhanced radiosensitivity more effectively in cancer cells (H1299 and C3H/MCA clone 15) compared with normal cells (HFL-III and C3H/10T1/2). The radiosensitizing effect of syringetin was observed in mutated p53 and wild-type p53-transfected H1299 cells regardless of p53 status. Apoptosis was more frequently observed in X-ray-irradiated H1299 cells combined with syringetin compared with X-ray-only-treated cells. Enhanced apoptosis by syringetin was not observed in HFL-III cells. Western blot analysis showed that X-ray-induced Caspase-3 activation was enhanced by syringetin in H1299 cells. The number of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) measured by quantitative analysis of γH2AX foci was the same for H1299 cells treated with X-rays with or without syringetin. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that syringetin enhances radiosensitivity more effectively in cancer cells than in normal cells through enhancement of the Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis pathway. Syringetin could be useful in the development of novel efficacious radiosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Bando
- a Department of Biology , Center for Humanities and Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Osamu Hatano
- b Department of Community Health and Epidemiology , Nara Medical University School of Medicine , Kashihara , Nara , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- c Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disease , National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation , Ibaragi , Osaka , Japan
| | - Nobuo Kubota
- d Department of Radiological Sciences , Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Ken Ohnishi
- a Department of Biology , Center for Humanities and Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences , Ibaraki , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The outcomes for treatment of pancreatic cancer have not improved dramatically in many decades. However, the recent promising results with combination chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease increase optimism for future treatments. With greater control of overt or occult metastatic disease, there will likely be an expanding role for local treatment modalities, especially given that nearly a third of pancreatic cancer patients have locally destructive disease without distant metastatic disease at the time of death. Technical advances have allowed for the safe delivery of dose-escalated radiation therapy, which can then be combined with chemotherapy, targeted agents, immunotherapy, and nanoparticulate drug delivery techniques to produce novel and improved synergistic effects. Here we discuss recent advances and future directions for multimodality therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Helm A, Lee R, Durante M, Ritter S. The Influence of C-Ions and X-rays on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 26835420 PMCID: PMC4718996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the endothelium of blood vessels, which may occur during radiotherapy, is discussed as a potential precursor to the development of cardiovascular disease. We thus chose human umbilical vein endothelial cells as a model system to examine the effect of low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Cells were exposed to 250 kV X-rays or carbon ions (C-ions) with the energies of either 9.8 MeV/u (LET = 170 keV/μm) or 91 MeV/u (LET = 28 keV/μm). Subculture of cells was performed regularly up to 46 days (~22 population doublings) post-irradiation. Immediately after exposure, cells were seeded for the colony forming assay. Additionally, at regular intervals, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1 staining) and cellular senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining) were assessed. Cytogenetic damage was investigated by the micronucleus assay and the high-resolution multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. Analysis of radiation-induced damage shortly after exposure showed that C-ions are more effective than X-rays with respect to cell inactivation or the induction of cytogenetic damage (micronucleus assay) as observed in other cell systems. For 9.8 and 91 MeV/u C-ions, relative biological effectiveness values of 2.4 and 1.5 were obtained for cell inactivation. At the subsequent time points, the number of micronucleated cells decreased to the control level. Analysis of chromosomal damage by mFISH technique revealed aberrations frequently involving chromosome 13 irrespective of dose or radiation quality. Disruption of the MMP was seen only a few days after exposure to X-rays or C-ions. Cellular senescence was not altered by radiation at any time point investigated. Altogether, our data indicate that shortly after exposure C-ions were more effective in damaging endothelial cells than X-rays. However, late damage to endothelial cells was not found for the applied conditions and endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Ryonfa Lee
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brincks EL, Kucaba TA, James BR, Murphy KA, Schwertfeger KL, Sangwan V, Banerjee S, Saluja AK, Griffith TS. Triptolide enhances the tumoricidal activity of TRAIL against renal cell carcinoma. FEBS J 2015; 282:4747-4765. [PMID: 26426449 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is resistant to traditional cancer therapies, and metastatic RCC (mRCC) is incurable. The shortcomings in current therapeutic options for patients with mRCC provide the rationale for the development of novel treatment protocols. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has proven to be a potent inducer of tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo, and a number of TRAIL death receptor agonists (recombinant TRAIL or TRAIL death receptor-specific mAb) have been developed and tested clinically. Unfortunately the clinical efficacy of TRAIL has been underwhelming and is likely due to a number of possible mechanisms that render tumors resistant to TRAIL, prompting the search for drugs that increase tumor cell susceptibility to TRAIL. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combining the diterpene triepoxide triptolide, or its water-soluble prodrug, Minnelide, with TRAIL receptor agonists against RCC in vitro or in vivo, respectively. TRAIL-induced apoptotic death of human RCC cells was increased in the presence of triptolide. The triptolide-induced sensitization was accompanied by increased TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and decreased heat shock protein 70 expression. In vivo treatment of mice bearing orthotopic RCC (Renca) tumors showed the combination of Minnelide and agonistic anti-DR5 mAb significantly decreased tumor burden and increased animal survival compared to either therapy alone. Our data suggest triptolide/Minnelide sensitizes RCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through altered TRAIL death receptor and heat shock protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Brincks
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Tamara A Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Britnie R James
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ashok K Saluja
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meng G, Wang W, Chai K, Yang S, Li F, Jiang K. Combination treatment with triptolide and hydroxycamptothecin synergistically enhances apoptosis in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells through PP2A-regulated ERK, p38 MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1007-17. [PMID: 25573072 PMCID: PMC4324588 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recently, two plant-derived drugs triptolide (TP) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) both have shown broad-spectrum anticancer activities. Our previous study documented that combination treatment with these two drugs acted more effectively than mono-therapy, however, the molecular basis underlying the synergistic cytotoxicity remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism of TP/HCPT anticancer effect in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, by investigating the involvement of phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and PP2A-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt signaling pathways. The results showed that TP and HCPT synergistically exerted cytotoxicity in the growth of A549 cells. Combinatorial TP/HCPT treatment significantly enhanced the activation of caspase-3 and -9, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial and subsequent apoptosis. While the Akt survival pathway was inhibited, ERK and p38 MAPKs were dramatically activated. Furthermore, the activity of PP2A was significantly augmented. Regulation of p38, ERK and Akt by PP2A was demonstrated, by using a specific PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA). Finally, pharmacological inhibitors OA, SB203580, SP600125 and PD98059 confirm the role of PP2A and its substrates ERK, p38 MAPK and Akt in mediating TP/HCPT-induced apoptosis. Taken together, this study provides the first evidence for a synergistic TP/HCPT anti-cancer activity in A549 cells and also supports a critical role of PP2A and PP2A-regulated signaling pathways, providing new insight into the mode of action of TP/HCPT in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanmin Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Suwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P.R. China
| | - Fangqiong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng C, Zhu H, Song H, Wang Z, Huang G, Li D, Ma Z, Ma J, Qin Q, Sun X, Ma J. Targets and molecular mechanisms of triptolide in cancer therapy. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:622-6. [PMID: 25400429 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL/TL) is a natural drug with novel anticancer effects. Preclinical studies indicated that TPL inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, inhibits tumor metastasis and enhances the effect of other therapeutic methods in various cancer cell lines. Multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as caspases, heat-shock proteins, NF-κB, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair-associated factors, are associated with the anti-cancer effect. TPL also improves chemoradiosensitivity in cancer therapy. Phase I trials indicate the potential clinical value of TPL use. However, further trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Meng
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhu
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Guanhong Huang
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Defan Li
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zhaoming Ma
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Qin Qin
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- 1 Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang No. 2 People's Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang BY, Cao J, Chen JW, Liu QY. Triptolide induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via inhibiting the overexpression of MDM2. Med Oncol 2014; 31:270. [PMID: 25280518 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide has been reported to exhibit antitumor effects in several cancers. This study investigates the mechanism by which triptolide induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Gastric biopsies were collected for histological evaluation and detection of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) expression. Gastric cancer cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of triptolide at indicated time points. The expression of MDM2, p53 protein, and target proteins including p21, PUMA, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was detected. Apoptosis of cells treated with or without triptolide was evaluated. Our results showed that MDM2 protein was overexpressed in gastric cancer (p < 0.01, resp.). Triptolide induced significant apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, treatment with triptolide strongly inhibited the overexpression of MDM2 in gastric cancer cells, and this MDM2 inhibition led to increased levels of p53 protein and inhibition of XIAP (p < 0.05). However, triptolide failed to increase the expression of p53 target protein p21 and PUMA (p > 0.05). In conclusion, triptolide may induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via the inhibition of MDM2 overexpression in a p53-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park B. Triptolide, a diterpene, inhibits osteoclastogenesis, induced by RANKL signaling and human cancer cells. Biochimie 2014; 105:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Triptolide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 activities and suppressing E6-mediated p53 degradation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80784. [PMID: 24244715 PMCID: PMC3828261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, an active compound extracted from Chinese herb Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), shows a broad-spectrum of anticancer activity through its cytotoxicity. However, the efficacy of triptolide on laryngocarcinoma rarely been evaluated, and the mechanism by which triptolide-induced cellular apoptosis is still not well understood. In this study, we found that triptolide significantly inhibited the laryngocarcinoma HEp-2 cells proliferation, migration and survivability. Triptolide induces HEp-2 cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways since both caspase-8 and -9 are activated. Moreover, triptolide enhances p53 expression by increasing its stability via down-regulation of E6 and E6AP. Increased p53 transactivates down-stream target genes to initiate apoptosis. In addition, we found that short time treatment with triptolide induced DNA damage, which was consistent with the increase in p53. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of triptolide is decreased by p53 knockdown or use of caspases inhibitor. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that triptolide inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 expression and activating p53 functions through induction of DNA damage and suppression of E6 mediated p53 degradation. These studies indicate that triptolide is a potential anti-laryngocarcinoma drug.
Collapse
|
21
|
Herbal compound triptolide synergistically enhanced antitumor activity of vasostatin120–180. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:945-57. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283651862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
22
|
Wang W, Lin W, Hong B, Li X, Zhang M, Zhang L, Lv G. Effect of triptolide on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in vitro and in vivo. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:2284-94. [PMID: 23321185 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are invasive, hard-to-treat, soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, in vitro and in vivo effects of triptolide were investigated using human MPNST cell lines. METHODS Cultured STS-26T and ST88-14 cells were treated with 0-100 ng/ml triptolide (for determination of cell proliferation by sulphorhodamine B assay), with 12.5 ng/ml or 25 ng/ml triptolide (for analysis of caspase activity, effects on apoptotic pathway intermediates [by Western blots and flow cytometry], and for measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A xenograft model was established by injection of STS-26T cells into nude mice, and the effects of 250 μg/kg triptolide on tumour growth and apoptosis were compared with controls. RESULTS Triptolide significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro, through activation of caspases, in a dose- and time-dependent manner; VEGF and EGFR levels were suppressed. In vivo, triptolide inhibited the growth of STS-26T xenografts and reduced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Triptolide may have a therapeutic benefit in MPNST treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hong J, Zhang Z, Lv W, Zhang M, Chen C, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L, Han D, Zhang W. Icaritin synergistically enhances the radiosensitivity of 4T1 breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71347. [PMID: 23977023 PMCID: PMC3744569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Icaritin (ICT) is a hydrolytic form of icariin isolated from plants of the genus Epimedium. This study was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of icaritin and its possible underlying mechanism using murine 4T1 breast cancer cells. The combination of Icaritin at 3 µM or 6 µM with 6 or 8 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR) in the clonogenic assay yielded an ER (enhancement ratio) of 1.18 or 1.28, CI (combination index) of 0.38 or 0.19 and DRI (dose reducing index) of 2.51 or 5.07, respectively. These strongly suggest that Icaritin exerted a synergistic killing (?) effect with radiation on the tumor cells. This effect might relate with bioactivities of ICT: 1) exert an anti-proliferative effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which is different from IR killing effect but likely work together with the IR effect; 2) suppress the IR-induced activation of two survival paths, ERK1/2 and AKT; 3) induce the G2/M blockage, enhancing IR killing effect; and 4) synergize with IR to enhance cell apoptosis. In addition, ICT suppressed angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Taken together, ICT is a new radiosensitizer and can enhance anti-cancer effect of IR or other therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Division of Radiation Biology, Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wenlong Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Deping Han
- Division of Radiation Biology, Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (DH)
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Division of Radiation Biology, Central Research Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (DH)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang M, Zhang H, Liu T, Tian D, Gu L, Zhou M. Triptolide inhibits MDM2 and induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through a p53-independent pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 12:184-94. [PMID: 23243057 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, a natural product derived from the Chinese plant Tripterygium wilfordii, is reported to exhibit antitumor effects in a broad range of cancers. The antitumor activity of triptolide is associated with its biologic activities, as it inhibits various proproliferative or antiapoptotic factors that are dominantly expressed in given types of cancer cells. Herein, we show that triptolide induced apoptosis in a subgroup of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells overexpressing the MDM2 oncoprotein by inhibiting MDM2 expression. More specifically, we found that triptolide inhibited MDM2 at the transcriptional level by suppressing its mRNA synthesis. This MDM2 inhibition led in turn to increased levels of p53 protein; however, p53 functionality was not activated due to the fact that triptolide-treated cells lacked induction of p21 and PUMA as well as in G(1) cell-cycle arrest. Triptolide-mediated downregulation of MDM2 increased inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), its translational target, in a manner distinct from reactions to cellular stress and DNA-damaging agent ionizing radiation that induce XIAP due to p53-activated MDM2. These results suggest that increased inhibition of XIAP due to downregulation of MDM2 may play a critical role in triptolide-induced apoptosis in MDM2-overexpressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Preparation, characterization, and assessment of the antiglioma effects of liposomal celastrol. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:515-24. [PMID: 22343423 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283514b68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of celastrol in the treatment of cancer has been an area of growing interest. To circumvent the issues of low solubility, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity of celastrol, we prepared liposomal celastrol using the thin-film dispersion method. We characterized particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and pharmacological parameters of liposomal celastrol. The drug concentration in plasma and tissues was measured using LC-MS/MS. In addition, the sulforhodamine B assay was used to determine the 50% inhibiting concentration. We assessed the effects of the compound in SHG-44 glioma subcutaneous xenografts in BALB/c nude mice. To compare the toxic effects of liposomal and free celastrol, the weight as well as hematologic, heart, liver, and kidney parameters were measured weekly and the morphology of organ tissues was observed pathologically. We found that liposomal celastrol had high encapsulation efficiency (71.67%) and liposomal celastrol had a higher C(max) and area under the curve, longer t(1/2), and better biodistribution than free celastrol. A cytotoxicity assay indicated that free celastrol had lower 50% inhibiting concentration values than the liposomal celastrol; however, treatment of subcutaneous xenografts with 1 mg/kg of liposomal celastrol induced greater antitumor activity than free celastrol at an equimolar concentration. In addition, a 4 mg/kg dose of liposomal celastrol had fewer severe side effects than free celastrol at the same dose. In this study, we found that the use of liposomes as a carrier of celastrol increased the bioavailability and reduced the side effects of the compound. Our findings suggest that liposomal celastrol should be further investigated in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
26
|
Triptolide triggers the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the downregulation of Decoy receptor 3 expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1597-605. [PMID: 22581262 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triptolide (TPL) is a diterpenoid triepoxide that effectively induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism by which TPL activates caspase cascade remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the antitumor effects of TPL against pancreatic cancer and investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cell proliferation was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay. The apoptosis was evaluated by caspase activity assay, Western blot and flow cytometry. DcR3 level was measured by ELISA. AsPC-1 xenografts were established to compare the in vivo antitumor effects of TPL and Gemcitabine. RESULTS TPL inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TPL also inhibited DcR3 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated DcR3 knockdown sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to TPL-induced apoptosis. In vivo, DcR3 siRNA significantly enhanced TPL-induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. Moreover, TPL showed less toxicity compared to Gemcitabine in mice model. CONCLUSIONS TPL induces the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the downregulation of DcR3 expression and has the potential as an effective agent against pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Williams JP, Jackson IL, Shah JR, Czarniecki CW, Maidment BW, DiCarlo AL. Animal models and medical countermeasures development for radiation-induced lung damage: report from an NIAID Workshop. Radiat Res 2012; 177:e0025-39. [PMID: 22468702 DOI: 10.1667/rrol04.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since 9/11, there have been concerns that terrorists may detonate a radiological or nuclear device in an American city. Aside from several decorporation and blocking agents for use against internal radionuclide contamination, there are currently no medications within the Strategic National Stockpile that are approved to treat the immediate or delayed complications resulting from accidental exposure to radiation. Although the majority of research attention has focused on developing countermeasures that target the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract, since they represent the most acutely radiosensitive organs, individuals who survive early radiation syndromes will likely suffer late effects in the months that follow. Of particular concern are the delayed effects seen in the lung that play a major role in late mortality seen in radiation-exposed patients and accident victims. To address these concerns, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop to discuss pulmonary model development, mechanisms of radiation-induced lung injury, targets for medical countermeasures development, and end points to evaluate treatment efficacy. Other topics covered included guidance on the challenges of developing and licensing drugs and treatments specific to a radiation lung damage indication. This report reviews the data presented, as well as key points from the ensuing discussion.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou ZL, Yang YX, Ding J, Li YC, Miao ZH. Triptolide: structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, bioactivities, clinical development and mechanisms. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:457-75. [PMID: 22270059 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, a principal bioactive ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has attracted extensive exploration due to its unique structure of a diterpenoid triepoxide and multiple biological activities. This review will focus on the structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology, and clinical development of triptolide in the last forty years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Li Zhou
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu Y, Bao X, Sun T, Xu J, Zheng W, Shen P. Triptolide attenuate the oxidative stress induced by LPS/D-GalN in mice. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1022-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
30
|
Park B, Sung B, Yadav VR, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Triptolide, histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, suppresses growth and chemosensitizes leukemic cells through inhibition of gene expression regulated by TNF-TNFR1-TRADD-TRAF2-NIK-TAK1-IKK pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1134-44. [PMID: 21820422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f, exerts its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities by inhibiting the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, through a mechanism not yet fully understood. We found that triptolide, in nanomolar concentrations, suppressed both constitutive and inducible NF-κB activation, but did not directly inhibit binding of p65 to the DNA. The diterpene did block TNF-induced ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and degradation of IκBα, the inhibitor of NF-κB and inhibited acetylation of p65 through suppression of binding of p65 to CBP/p300. Triptolide also inhibited the IκBα kinase (IKK) that activates NF-κB and phosphorylation of p65 at serine 276, 536. Furthermore, the NF-κB reporter activity induced by TNF-TNFR1-TRADD-TRAF2-NIK-TAK1-IKKβ was abolished by the triepoxide. Triptolide also abrogated TNF-induced expression of cell survival proteins (XIAP, Bcl-x(L), Bcl-2, survivin, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2), cell proliferative proteins (cyclin D1, c-myc and cyclooxygenase-2), and metastasis proteins (ICAM-1 and MMP-9). This led to enhancement of apoptosis induced by TNF, taxol, and thalidomide by the diterpene and to suppression of tumor invasion. Overall, our results demonstrate that triptolide can block the inflammatory pathway activated by TNF-TNFR1-TRADD-TRAF2-NIK-TAK1-IKK, sensitizes cells to apoptosis, and inhibits invasion of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoungduck Park
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan W, Lu J, Huang M, Li Y, Chen M, Wu G, Gong J, Zhong Z, Xu Z, Dang Y, Guo J, Chen X, Wang Y. Anti-cancer natural products isolated from chinese medicinal herbs. Chin Med 2011. [PMID: 21777476 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6- 27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of natural products isolated from Chinese herbs have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, retard metastasis and enhance chemotherapy, exhibiting anti-cancer potential both in vitro and in vivo. This article summarizes recent advances in in vitro and in vivo research on the anti-cancer effects and related mechanisms of some promising natural products. These natural products are also reviewed for their therapeutic potentials, including flavonoids (gambogic acid, curcumin, wogonin and silibinin), alkaloids (berberine), terpenes (artemisinin, β-elemene, oridonin, triptolide, and ursolic acid), quinones (shikonin and emodin) and saponins (ginsenoside Rg3), which are isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs. In particular, the discovery of the new use of artemisinin derivatives as excellent anti-cancer drugs is also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Binjiang Dist., Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Huatuo Rd., Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuanye Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiajie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tan W, Lu J, Huang M, Li Y, Chen M, Wu G, Gong J, Zhong Z, Xu Z, Dang Y, Guo J, Chen X, Wang Y. Anti-cancer natural products isolated from chinese medicinal herbs. Chin Med 2011; 6:27. [PMID: 21777476 PMCID: PMC3149025 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of natural products isolated from Chinese herbs have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, retard metastasis and enhance chemotherapy, exhibiting anti-cancer potential both in vitro and in vivo. This article summarizes recent advances in in vitro and in vivo research on the anti-cancer effects and related mechanisms of some promising natural products. These natural products are also reviewed for their therapeutic potentials, including flavonoids (gambogic acid, curcumin, wogonin and silibinin), alkaloids (berberine), terpenes (artemisinin, β-elemene, oridonin, triptolide, and ursolic acid), quinones (shikonin and emodin) and saponins (ginsenoside Rg3), which are isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs. In particular, the discovery of the new use of artemisinin derivatives as excellent anti-cancer drugs is also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Rd., Binjiang Dist., Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Huatuo Rd., Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuanye Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiajie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ding X, Zhou X, Zhang H, Qing J, Qiang H, Zhou G. Triptolide augments the effects of 5-lipoxygenase RNA interference in suppressing pancreatic tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:253-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Seo HR, Seo WD, Pyun BJ, Lee BW, Jin YB, Park KH, Seo EK, Lee YJ, Lee YS. Radiosensitization by celastrol is mediated by modification of antioxidant thiol molecules. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:34-42. [PMID: 21570383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The radiosensitizing effects of naturally occurring triterpenes were investigated in human lung cancer cells. Several quinone methide-containing triterpenes (QMTs) enhanced the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation (IR) and of these QMTs, celastrol (CE) had the greatest enhancing effect on IR-induced cell death in vitro. Additionally, the quinone methide moiety of CE was shown to be essential for CE-mediated radiosensitization; in contrast, dihydrocelastrol (DHCE), does not contain this moiety. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by IR was augmented in combination with CE, which was responsible for CE-mediated radiosensitization. CE induced the thiol reactivity and inhibited the activities of antioxidant molecules, such as thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. In vivo, nude mouse xenografting data also revealed that tumor growth delay was greater in mice treated with CE plus IR, compared with those treated with CE or IR alone. When DHCE, instead of CE, was combined with IR, tumor growth delay was similar to that in IR alone-treated mice. These results demonstrate that CE synergistically enhances the effects of IR and suggest the novel anticancer therapeutic use of CE in combination with radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haeng Ran Seo
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li YW, Zhu GY, Shen XL, Chu JH, Yu ZL, Fong WF. Furanodienone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by suppressing EGFR/HER2 signaling in HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:1315-23. [PMID: 21461888 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overexpression of EGFR and HER2 is seen in breast cancers and results in poor prognosis and decreased patient survival. Clinically, EGFR and HER2 are effective therapeutic targets. The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro effects of furanodienone, an active chemical component isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae, on the activation of EGFR/HER2 signaling, cell cycle, and apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing BT474 and SKBR3 cells. METHODS Cell growth was assessed by SRB protein assay. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry, and apoptosis was observed by Annexin V and DAPI staining. Effects of furanodienone on the activation of EGFR/HER2 signaling-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Furanodienone inhibited cell growth in BT474 and SKBR3 cells. Furanodienone caused G1 arrest in BT474 cells and induced apoptosis in SKBR3 cells. Furanodienone interfered with EGFR/HER2 signaling in treated cells as shown by decreases in phosphorylated EGFR, HER2, Akt, Gsk3β and an increase in p27(kip1) protein. Accordingly, furanodienone inhibited EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, HER2, Akt, and Gsk3β. EGFR-specific siRNA knockdown did not affect the cell growth inhibitory effect of furanodienone. On the contrary, specific siRNA knockdown of HER2 increased cellular resistance to furanodienone toxicity. In HER-2-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells, the transfection and expression of HER2 increased the sensitivity of cells to furanodienone toxicity. CONCLUSION Furanodienone inhibited EGFR/HER2 signaling pathway in BT474 and SKBR3 cells. More importantly, the effect of furanodienone was specifically dependent on HER2, but not EGFR, expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, 4/F, JCSCM Building, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li YW, Zhu GY, Shen XL, Chu JH, Yu ZL, Fong WF. Furanodienone inhibits cell proliferation and survival by suppressing ERα signaling in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:217-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Liu Q. Triptolide and its expanding multiple pharmacological functions. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:377-83. [PMID: 21255694 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a major active component of extracts derived from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). Triptolide has multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, immune modulation, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity. So, triptolide has been widely used to treat inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation and even tumors. Triptolide cannot only induce tumor cell apoptosis directly, but can also enhance apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents such as TNF-α, TRAIL and chemotherapeutic agents regardless of p53 phenotype by inhibiting NFκB activation. Recently, the cellular targets of triptolide, such as MKP-1, HSP, 5-Lox, RNA polymerase and histone methyl-transferases had been demonstrated. However, the clinical use of triptolide is often limited by its severe toxicity and water-insolubility. New water-soluble triptolide derivatives have been designed and synthesized, such as PG490-88 or F60008, which have been shown to be safe and potent antitumor agent. Importantly, PG490-88 has been approved entry into Phase I clinical trial for treatment of prostate cancer in USA. This review will focus on these breakthrough findings of triptolide and its implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu B, Wang YJ, Zhu CF, Lin Y, Zhu XL, Wei S, Lu Y, Cheng XX. Triptolide inhibits extracellular matrix protein synthesis by suppressing the Smad2 but not the MAPK pathway in TGF-beta1-stimulated NRK-49F cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:3180-91. [PMID: 20466671 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triptolide has been used for treating various autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unclear whether triptolide exerts effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, which plays an important role in renal fibrosis. METHODS NRK-49F cells stimulated with TGF-β1 were incubated with triptolide in various concentrations. ECM proteins, including collagen type III and fibronectin, were detected using the reverse transcription real-time PCR and ELISA methods. MAPK and Smad2/3 phosphorylation were measured with western blot. P38 and ERK 1/2 pathways were inhibited with the specific inhibitors, SB203580 and PD98059. The Smad2 signal was blocked with the siRNA method. RESULTS Triptolide inhibited ECM synthesis in TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-49F cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Triptolide enhanced TGF-β1-induced activation of the p38, ERK 1/2 signals, whereas it inhibited Smad2 activation. There was no crosstalk between the p38, ERK 1/2 and Smad2 pathways in NRK-49F cells. Inhibition of either the p38 or ERK 1/2 signals reduced ECM synthesis. Triptolide downregulated synthesis of fibronectin and collagen type III in TGF-β1-stimulated cells treated with SB203580 and/or PD98059. SB203580 and/or PD98059 significantly repressed synthesis of fibronectin and collagen type III in TGF-β1-stimulated cells treated with triptolide. Smad2 inhibition by siRNA significantly reduced ECM synthesis. However, ECM synthesis in NRK-49F cells transfected with Smad2 siRNA and treated by triptolide was increased compared with Smad2 siRNA-transfected cells. CONCLUSION The effect of triptolide to suppress ECM synthesis by inhibiting Smad2 activation may surpass its stimulating effect on ECM synthesis by activation of p38 and ERK 1/2, leading to a total inhibition of ECM synthesis in TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-49F cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Guangxing Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Choi YJ, Kim SY, Oh JM, Juhnn YS. Stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein augments gamma ray-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bak expression via CREB and AP-1 in H1299 human lung cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2009; 41:592-600. [PMID: 19381065 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.8.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (Gs protein) stimulate cAMP generation in response to various signals, and modulate various cellular phenomena such as proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gs proteins on gamma ray-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells and its molecular mechanism, as an attempt to develop a new strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gamma radiation. Expression of constitutively active mutant of the alpha subunit of Gs (GalphasQL) augmented gamma ray-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent pathway when assessed by clonogenic assay, FACS analysis of PI stained cells, and western blot analysis of the cytoplasmic translocation of cytochrome C and the cleavage of caspase-3 and ploy(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in H1299 human lung cancer cells. GalphasQL up-regulated the Bak expression at the levels of protein and mRNA. Treatment with inhibitors of PKA (H89), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), and a CRE-decoy blocked GalphasQL-stimulated Bak reporter luciferase activity. Expression of GalphasQL increased basal and gamma ray-induced luciferase activity of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and AP-1, and the binding of CREB and AP-1 to Bak promoter. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2, a Galphas activating signal, was found to augment gamma ray-induced apoptosis, which was abolished by treatment with a prostanoid receptor antagonist. These results indicate that Galphas augments gamma ray-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bak expression via CREB and AP-1 in H1299 lung cancer cells, suggesting that the efficacy of radiotherapy of lung cancer may be improved by modulating Gs signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dai Y, DeSano JT, Meng Y, Ji Q, Ljungman M, Lawrence TS, Xu L. Celastrol potentiates radiotherapy by impairment of DNA damage processing in human prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:1217-25. [PMID: 19545787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Celastrol is an active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine and has recently been identified as a potent natural proteasome inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing potential of celastrol in the human prostate cancer PC-3 model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the radiosensitizing effect of celastrol. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and by a caspase-3 activation assay. DNA damage processing was examined by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot for phosphorylated H2AX (gammaH2AX). The PC-3 xenograft model in the athymic nude mouse was used for the determination of the in vivo efficacy of celastrol combined with radiotherapy. The tumor samples were also analyzed for apoptosis and angiogenesis. RESULTS Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in a dose- and schedule-dependent manner, in which pretreatment with celastrol for 1 h followed by IR achieved maximal radiosensitization. Celastrol significantly prolonged the presence of IR-induced gammaH2AX and increased IR-induced apoptosis. Celastrol, combined with fractionated radiation, significantly inhibited PC-3 tumor growth in vivo without obvious systemic toxicity. The combination treatment increased gammaH2AX levels and apoptosis, induced cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase and Mcl-1, and reduced angiogenesis in vivo compared with either treatment alone. CONCLUSION Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage processing and augmenting apoptosis. Celastrol might represent a promising new adjuvant regimen for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen YW, Lin GJ, Chia WT, Lin CK, Chuang YP, Sytwu HK. Triptolide exerts anti-tumor effect on oral cancer and KB cells in vitro and in vivo. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:562-8. [PMID: 19359213 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), a diterpenoid triepoxide purified from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has been reported to potentiate the anti-tumor effect in various cancer cells. However, the effect of TPL on oral cancers is not yet evaluated. Herein we first demonstrate that TPL induces prominent growth inhibition and apoptosis in two oral cancer cell lines, SCC25 and OEC-M1 and in KB cells. Our results indicate that TPL induces a dose-dependent apoptosis of these cells at nanomolar concentration. Apoptosis signalings are both activated through time upon TPL treatment detected by elevated caspase-3, 8, 9 activities. In xenograft tumor mouse model, TPL injection successfully inhibits the tumor growth via apoptosis induction which was demonstrated by TUNEL assay. These results demonstrate that TPL exerts anti-tumor effect on oral cancer and KB cells and suggest further the potential of TPL combining with other chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy for advanced oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min-Chuan East Road, Neihu 114, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The recent article by Zhou et al was highly interesting and thought provoking. The authors have clearly shown that triptolide administration is associated with up-regulation of the Bax gene, resulting in an attenuating effect on cell growth in gastrointestinal malignancies such as pancreatic carcinomas. The article by Zhou et al is all the more important because it highlights the rapidly increasing role of triplodide in the management of systemic malignancies. For instance, triptolide acts on the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, thereby enhancing apoptosis secondary to the administration of bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells. Similar synergisms are seen when triptolide is administered along with 5-fluoruracil for the management of colonic carcinomas. Similarly, triptolide causes down-regulation of the Bcl-2 gene, resulting in control of cell growth in tumors, such as glioblastoma multiformes.
Collapse
|
43
|
Yao J, Jiang Z, Duan W, Huang J, Zhang L, Hu L, He L, Li F, Xiao Y, Shu B, Liu C. Involvement of Mitochondrial Pathway in Triptolide-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Normal Liver L-02 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:592-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Yao
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Weigang Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jingfeng Huang
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Luyong Zhang
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ling Hu
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yajie Xiao
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Bin Shu
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Chunhui Liu
- National Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|