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Zhang W, Yuan K, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang X, Song Z, Zhang L, Hu J. Effects of Nanobubbles on Photochemical Processes of Levofloxacin Photosensitizer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7021-7028. [PMID: 38501919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands as an efficacious modality for the treatment of cancer and various diseases, in which optimization of the electron transfer and augmentation of the production of lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent pivotal challenges to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Empirical investigations have established that the spontaneous initiation of redox reactions associated with electron transfer is feasible and is located in the gas-liquid interfaces. Meanwhile, nanobubbles (NBs) are emerging as entities capable of furnishing a plethora of such interfaces, attributed to their stability and large surface/volume ratio in bulk water. Thus, NBs provide a chance to expedite the electron-transfer kinetics within the context of PDT in an ambient environment. In this paper, we present a pioneering exploration into the impact of nitrogen nanobubbles (N2-NBs) on the electron transfer of the photosensitizer levofloxacin (LEV). Transient absorption spectra and time-resolved decay spectra, as determined through laser flash photolysis, unequivocally reveal that N2-NBs exhibit a mitigating effect on the decay of the LEV excitation triplet state, thereby facilitating subsequent processes. Of paramount significance is the observation that the presence of N2-NBs markedly accelerates the electron transfer of LEV, albeit with a marginal inhibitory influence on its energy-transfer reaction. This observation is corroborated through absorbance measurements and offers compelling evidence substantiating the role of NBs in expediting electron transfer within the ambit of PDT. The mechanism elucidated herein sheds light on how N2-NBs intricately influence both electron-transfer and energy-transfer reactions in the photosensitizer LEV. These findings not only contribute to a nuanced understanding of the underlying processes but also furnish novel insights that may inform the application of NBs in the realm of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiwei Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingya Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhejun Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiashan 314102, China
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Dinakaran D, Wilson BC. The use of nanomaterials in advancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for deep-seated tumors and synergy with radiotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250804. [PMID: 37849983 PMCID: PMC10577272 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been under development for at least 40 years. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy with limited toxicity concerns. PDT was expected to become a major new therapeutic option in treating localized cancer. However, despite a shifting focus in oncology to aggressive local therapies, PDT has not to date gained widespread acceptance as a standard-of-care option. A major factor is the technical challenge of treating deep-seated and large tumors, due to the limited penetration and variability of the activating light in tissue. Poor tumor selectivity of PDT sensitizers has been problematic for many applications. Attempts to mitigate these limitations with the use of multiple interstitial fiberoptic catheters to deliver the light, new generations of photosensitizer with longer-wavelength activation, oxygen independence and better tumor specificity, as well as improved dosimetry and treatment planning are starting to show encouraging results. Nanomaterials used either as photosensitizers per se or to improve delivery of molecular photosensitizers is an emerging area of research. PDT can also benefit radiotherapy patients due to its complementary and potentially synergistic mechanisms-of-action, ability to treat radioresistant tumors and upregulation of anti-tumoral immune effects. Furthermore, recent advances may allow ionizing radiation energy, including high-energy X-rays, to replace external light sources, opening a novel therapeutic strategy (radioPDT), which is facilitated by novel nanomaterials. This may provide the best of both worlds by combining the precise targeting and treatment depth/volume capabilities of radiation therapy with the high therapeutic index and biological advantages of PDT, without increasing toxicities. Achieving this, however, will require novel agents, primarily developed with nanomaterials. This is under active investigation by many research groups using different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Dinakaran
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Photodynamic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Meningeal Lymphatic System: The New Niche in Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122612. [PMID: 36559105 PMCID: PMC9784636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising add-on therapy to the current standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). The traditional explanation of the anti-cancer PDT effects involves the PDT-induced generation of a singlet oxygen in the GBM cells, which causes tumor cell death and microvasculature collapse. Recently, new vascular mechanisms of PDT associated with opening of the blood-brain barrier (OBBB) and the activation of functions of the meningeal lymphatic vessels have been discovered. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends and future promises of immunotherapy for brain tumors and discuss PDT-OBBB as a new niche and an important informative platform for the development of innovative pharmacological strategies for the modulation of brain tumor immunity and the improvement of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Mfouo-Tynga IS, Mouinga-Ondeme AG. Photodynamic Therapy: A Prospective Therapeutic Approach for Viral Infections and Induced Neoplasia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101273. [PMID: 36297385 PMCID: PMC9608479 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and arising complications during treatments have highlighted and demonstrated again the evolving ability of microorganisms, especially viral resistance to treatment as they develop into new and strong strains. The search for novel and effective treatments to counter the effects of ever-changing viruses is undergoing. Although it is an approved procedure for treating cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) was first used against bacteria and has now shown potential against viruses and certain induced diseases. PDT is a multi-stage process and uses photosensitizing molecules (PSs) that accumulate in diseased tissues and eradicates them after being light-activated in the presence of oxygen. In this review, studies describing viruses and their roles in disrupting cell regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways and facilitating tumorigenesis were described. With the development of innovative “or smart” PSs through the use of nanoparticles and two-photon excitation, among other strategies, PDT can boost immune responses, inactivate viral infections, and eradicate neoplastic cells. Visualization and monitoring of biological processes can be achieved in real-time with nanomedicines and better tissue penetration strategies. After photodynamic inactivation of viruses, signaling pathways seem to be restored but the underlying mechanisms are still to be elucidated. Light-mediated treatments are suitable to manage both oncogenic viral infections and induced neoplasia.
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Matlou GG, Abrahamse H. Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks as photosensitizers and nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:971747. [PMID: 36092660 PMCID: PMC9458963 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.971747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new therapeutic system for cancer treatment that is less invasive and offers greater selectivity than chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. PDT employs irradiation light of known wavelength to excite a photosensitizer (PS) agent that undergoes photochemical reactions to release cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could trigger apoptosis or necrosis-induced cell death in tumor tissue. Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) have unique structural advantages such as high porosity, large surface area, and tunable compositions that have attracted attention toward their use as photosensitizers or nanocarriers in PDT. They can be tailored for specific drug loading, targeting and release, hypoxia resistance, and with photoactive properties for efficient response to optical stimuli that enhance the efficacy of PDT. In this review, an overview of the basic chemistry of NMOFs, their design and use as photosensitizers in PDT, and as nanocarriers in synergistic therapies is presented. The review also discusses the morphology and size of NMOFs and their ability to improve photosensitizing properties and localize within a targeted tissue for effective and selective cancer cell death over healthy cells. Furthermore, targeting strategies that improve the overall PDT efficacy through stimulus-activated release and sub-cellular internalization are outlined with relevance to in vitro and in vivo studies from recent years.
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Xu J, Shamul JG, Kwizera EA, He X. Recent Advancements in Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050743. [PMID: 35269231 PMCID: PMC8911864 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical subcellular organelles that produce most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the energy source for most eukaryotic cells. Moreover, recent findings show that mitochondria are not only the "powerhouse" inside cells, but also excellent targets for inducing cell death via apoptosis that is mitochondria-centered. For several decades, cancer nanotherapeutics have been designed to specifically target mitochondria with several targeting moieties, and cause mitochondrial dysfunction via photodynamic, photothermal, or/and chemo therapies. These strategies have been shown to augment the killing of cancer cells in a tumor while reducing damage to its surrounding healthy tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeting nanotechnologies have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious compared to non-mitochondria-targeting platforms both in vitro and in vivo for cancer therapies. Moreover, mitochondria-targeting nanotechnologies have been intelligently designed and tailored to the hypoxic and slightly acidic tumor microenvironment for improved cancer therapies. Collectively, mitochondria-targeting may be a promising strategy for the engineering of nanoparticles for drug delivery to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Xu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - James G. Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Elyahb Allie Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Recent Advances in Strategies for Addressing Hypoxia in Tumor Photodynamic Therapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010081. [PMID: 35053229 PMCID: PMC8774200 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that uses light to target tumors and minimize damage to normal tissues. It offers advantages including high spatiotemporal selectivity, low side effects, and maximal preservation of tissue functions. However, the PDT efficiency is severely impeded by the hypoxic feature of tumors. Moreover, hypoxia may promote tumor metastasis and tumor resistance to multiple therapies. Therefore, addressing tumor hypoxia to improve PDT efficacy has been the focus of antitumor treatment, and research on this theme is continuously emerging. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art advances in strategies for overcoming hypoxia in tumor PDTs, categorizing them into oxygen-independent phototherapy, oxygen-economizing PDT, and oxygen-supplementing PDT. Moreover, we highlight strategies possessing intriguing advantages such as exceedingly high PDT efficiency and high novelty, analyze the strengths and shortcomings of different methods, and envision the opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Yang C, Su M, Luo P, Liu Y, Yang F, Li C. A Photosensitive Polymeric Carrier with a Renewable Singlet Oxygen Reservoir Regulated by Two NIR Beams for Enhanced Antitumor Phototherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101180. [PMID: 34145754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes photosensitizer to convert molecular oxygen into singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) upon laser irradiation to ablate tumors, will exacerbate the already oxygen shortage of most solid tumors and is thus self-limiting. Herein, a sophisticated photosensitive polymeric material (An-NP) that allows sustained 1 O2 generation and sufficient oxygen supply during the entire phototherapy is engineered by alternatively applying PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT) controlled by two NIR laser beams. In addition to a photosensitizer that generates 1 O2 , An-NP consists of two other key components: a molecularly designed anthracene derivative capable of trapping/releasing 1 O2 with superior reversibility and a dye J-aggregate with superb photothermal performance. Thus, in 655 nm laser-triggered PDT process, An-NP generates abundant 1 O2 with extra 1 O2 being trapped via the conversion into EPO-NP; while in the subsequent 785 nm laser-driven PTT process, the converted EPO-NP undergoes thermolysis to liberate the captured 1 O2 and regenerates An-NP. The intratumoral oxygen level can be replenished during the PTT cycle for the next round of PDT to generate 1 O2 . The working principle and phototherapy efficacy are preliminarily demonstrated in living cells and tumor-bearing mice, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Meihui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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9
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Shih CY, Wang PT, Su WC, Teng H, Huang WL. Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends. Biomedicines 2021; 9:137. [PMID: 33535466 PMCID: PMC7912771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT is one of the most important area in PDT field. Recently, emerging nanotechnology has benefitted progress in many areas, including PDT. In this review, after briefly introducing the mechanisms of PDT and hypoxia, as well as basic knowledge about nanomedicines, we will discuss the state of the art of nanomedicine-based approaches for assisting PDT for treating hypoxic tumors, mainly based on oxygen replenishing strategies and the oxygen dependency diminishing strategies. Among these strategies, we will emphasize emerging trends about the use of nanoscale metal-organic framework (nMOF) materials and the combination of PDT with immunotherapy. We further discuss future perspectives and challenges associated with these trends in both the aspects of mechanism and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (P.-T.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Pei-Ting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (P.-T.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsisheng Teng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (P.-T.W.); (H.T.)
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM. Recent advances in strategies for overcoming hypoxia in photodynamic therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:116-135. [PMID: 32693200 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) derived from the tailored accumulation of photosensitizing drug (photosensitizer; PS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and from local irradiation, turns it into a "magic bullet" for the treatment of resistant tumors without sparing the healthy tissue and possible adverse effects. However, locally-induced hypoxia is one of the undesirable consequences of PDT, which may contribute to the emergence of resistance and significantly reduce therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the development of strategies using new approaches in nanotechnology and molecular biology can offer an increased opportunity to eliminate the disadvantages of hypoxia. Emerging evidence indicates that wisely designed phototherapeutic procedures, including: (i) ROS-tunable photosensitizers, (ii) organelle targeting, (iii) nano-based photoactive drugs and/or PS delivery nanosystems, as well as (iv) combining them with other strategies (i.e. PTT, chemotherapy, theranostics or the design of dual anticancer drug and photosensitizers) can significantly improve the PDT efficacy and overcome the resistance. This mini-review addresses the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms of the HIF-1α pathway in the regulation of PDT efficacy. It also discusses the most recent achievements as well as future perspectives and potential challenges of PDT application against hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Blood Flow Measurements Enable Optimization of Light Delivery for Personalized Photodynamic Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061584. [PMID: 32549354 PMCID: PMC7353010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluence rate is an effector of photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcome. Lower light fluence rates can conserve tumor perfusion during some illumination protocols for PDT, but then treatment times are proportionally longer to deliver equivalent fluence. Likewise, higher fluence rates can shorten treatment time but may compromise treatment efficacy by inducing blood flow stasis during illumination. We developed blood-flow-informed PDT (BFI-PDT) to balance these effects. BFI-PDT uses real-time noninvasive monitoring of tumor blood flow to inform selection of irradiance, i.e., incident fluence rate, on the treated surface. BFI-PDT thus aims to conserve tumor perfusion during PDT while minimizing treatment time. Pre-clinical studies in murine tumors of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) and a mesothelioma cell line (AB12) show that BFI-PDT preserves tumor blood flow during illumination better than standard PDT with continuous light delivery at high irradiance. Compared to standard high irradiance PDT, BFI-PDT maintains better tumor oxygenation during illumination and increases direct tumor cell kill in a manner consistent with known oxygen dependencies in PDT-mediated cytotoxicity. BFI-PDT promotes vascular shutdown after PDT, thereby depriving remaining tumor cells of oxygen and nutrients. Collectively, these benefits of BFI-PDT produce a significantly better therapeutic outcome than standard high irradiance PDT. Moreover, BFI-PDT requires ~40% less time on average to achieve outcomes that are modestly better than those with standard low irradiance treatment. This contribution introduces BFI-PDT as a platform for personalized light delivery in PDT, documents the design of a clinically-relevant instrument, and establishes the benefits of BFI-PDT with respect to treatment outcome and duration.
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Zou J, Zhu J, Yang Z, Li L, Fan W, He L, Tang W, Deng L, Mu J, Ma Y, Cheng Y, Huang W, Dong X, Chen X. A Phototheranostic Strategy to Continuously Deliver Singlet Oxygen in the Dark and Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8833-8838. [PMID: 31943602 PMCID: PMC7250713 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Continuous irradiation during photodynamic therapy (PDT) inevitably induces tumor hypoxia, thereby weakening the PDT effect. In PDT-induced hypoxia, providing singlet oxygen from stored chemical energy may enhance the cell-killing effect and boost the therapeutic effect. Herein, we present a phototheranostic (DPPTPE@PEG-Py NPs) prepared by using a 2-pyridone-based diblock polymer (PEG-Py) to encapsulate a semiconducting, heavy-atom-free pyrrolopyrrolidone-tetraphenylethylene (DPPTPE) with high singlet-oxygen-generation ability both in dichloromethane and water. The PEG-Py can trap the 1 O2 generated from DPPTPE under laser irradiation and form a stable intermediate of endoperoxide, which can then release 1 O2 in the dark, hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, fluorescence-imaging-guided phototherapy demonstrates that this phototheranostic could completely inhibit tumor growth with the help of laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Z Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - L Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - L He
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - L Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Y Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - X Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - X Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Zou J, Zhu J, Yang Z, Li L, Fan W, He L, Tang W, Deng L, Mu J, Ma Y, Cheng Y, Huang W, Dong X, Chen X. A Phototheranostic Strategy to Continuously Deliver Singlet Oxygen in the Dark and Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Liangcan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Liming Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Yaya Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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Jing Y, Xu Q, Chen M, Shao X. Pyridone-containing phenalenone-based photosensitizer working both under light and in the dark for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2201-2208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jiang D, Xu M, Pei Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Ma F, Lu H, Chen J. Core-matched nanoassemblies for targeted co-delivery of chemotherapy and photosensitizer to treat drug-resistant cancer. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:406-421. [PMID: 30763634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of drug resistance in tumors causes therapeutic failure or tumor relapse. Combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy holds significant promise to treat drug-resistant tumors. However, stubborn hydrophobicity of photosensitizer (PS), low encapsulation efficiency and leaking problem of PS in organic carrier, and disparate physicochemical properties of PS and chemotherapeutics make the combination unachievable. Thus how to efficiently co-deliver the two functional agents to enable photo-chemotherapy seems to be one of the key challenges. Here, core-matched technology (CMT) was developed to realize efficient co-delivery of PS and chemotherapeutics, in which PS verteporfin (VP), tumor angiogenesis-targeting iNGR peptide and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were respectively pre-modified with D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), and the conjugates self-assembled into iNGR-modified and VP conjugated nanoassemblies (iNGR-VP-NA) with chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel (DTX) loaded in the hydrophobic core. The obtained iNGR-VP-NA-DTX was characterized by mean size of 166.0 ± 9.2 nm and morphology of uniformly spherical shape. In vitro, with the assistance of laser, iNGR-VP-NA-DTX exhibited higher cellular uptake, stronger cytotoxicity in HUVEC cells, drug-resistant HCT-15 tumor cells and more effective inhibition of tube formation than iNGR-VP-NA-DTX without laser or VP-NA-DTX with laser. After intravenously injected into mice, through the near-infrared light emitted by VP, iNGR-VP-NA exhibited improved accumulation compared to VP-NA in drug-resistant HCT-15 tumor. Besides, iNGR-VP-NA-DTX with laser enhanced inhibition of angiogenesis and induced severe apoptosis and necrosis in tumor tissues along with minimal impact to normal areas. These evidences demonstrated that iNGR-VP-NA-DTX was of great potential to treat drug-resistant tumors via efficient angiogenesis-targeted photo-chemotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy is thought to be a potential approach to treat drug-resistant cancer. However, it is difficult to realize optimized photo-chemotherapy in one nano-system. Here, iNGR-modified nanoassemblies is created based on core-matched nanotechnology to realize targeted photo-chemotherapy. In this study, the improved co-loading of chemotherapy and photosensitizer in the nanoassemblies exerted a synergistic anti-tumor effect and the decoration with iNGR enhanced tumor-targeting efficiency. In the presence of laser irradiation, the nanoassemblies exhibited enhanced and targeted anti-tumor efficacy in drug-resistant HCT-15 tumor both in vitro and in vivo.
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Turksoy A, Yildiz D, Akkaya EU. Photosensitization and controlled photosensitization with BODIPY dyes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Li X, Kwon N, Guo T, Liu Z, Yoon J. Innovative Strategies for Hypoxic‐Tumor Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11522-11531. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 120–750 Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 120–750 Korea
| | - Tian Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 120–750 Korea
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 120–750 Korea
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Li X, Kwon N, Guo T, Liu Z, Yoon J. Innovative Strategien für die photodynamische Therapie hypoxischer Tumore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingshu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Tian Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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Chen H, Qiu Y, Ding D, Lin H, Sun W, Wang GD, Huang W, Zhang W, Lee D, Liu G, Xie J, Chen X. Gadolinium-Encapsulated Graphene Carbon Nanotheranostics for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802748. [PMID: 30035840 PMCID: PMC6435436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PS) are an essential component of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Conventional PSs are often porphyrin derivatives, which are associated with high hydrophobicity, low quantum yield in aqueous solutions, and suboptimal tumor-to-normal-tissue (T/N) selectivity. There have been extensive efforts to load PSs into nanoparticle carriers to improve pharmacokinetics. The approach, however, is often limited by PS self-quenching, pre-mature release, and nanoparticle accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system organs. Herein, a novel, nanoparticle-based PS made of gadolinium-encapsulated graphene carbon nanoparticles (Gd@GCNs), which feature a high 1 O2 quantum yield, is reported. Meanwhile, Gd@GCNs afford strong fluorescence and high T1 relaxivity (16.0 × 10-3 m-1 s-1 , 7 T), making them an intrinsically dual-modal imaging probe. Having a size of approximately 5 nm, Gd@GCNs can accumulate in tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The unbound Gd@GCNs cause little toxicity because Gd is safely encapsulated within an inert carbon shell and because the particles are efficiently excreted from the host through renal clearance. Studies with rodent tumor models demonstrate the potential of the Gd@GCNs to mediate image-guided PDT for cancer treatment. Overall, the present study shows that Gd@GCNs possess unique physical, pharmaceutical, and toxicological properties and are an all-in-one nanotheranostic tool with substantial clinical translation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China,
| | - Yuwei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dandan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huirong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Geoffrey D. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Weicheng Huang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Daye Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China,
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA,
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,
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Navaeipour F, Afsharan H, Tajalli H, Mollabashi M, Ranjbari F, Montaseri A, Rashidi MR. Effects of continuous wave and fractionated diode laser on human fibroblast cancer and dermal normal cells by zinc phthalocyanine in photodynamic therapy: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:456-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Interstitial 5-ALA photodynamic therapy and glioblastoma: Preclinical model development and preliminary results. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Turan IS, Yildiz D, Turksoy A, Gunaydin G, Akkaya EU. A Bifunctional Photosensitizer for Enhanced Fractional Photodynamic Therapy: Singlet Oxygen Generation in the Presence and Absence of Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Simsek Turan
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Deniz Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology; Hacettepe University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Engin U. Akkaya
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Bilkent University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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Turan IS, Yildiz D, Turksoy A, Gunaydin G, Akkaya EU. A Bifunctional Photosensitizer for Enhanced Fractional Photodynamic Therapy: Singlet Oxygen Generation in the Presence and Absence of Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2875-8. [PMID: 26799149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen within tumor tissues during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is self-limiting, as the already low oxygen concentrations within tumors is further diminished during the process. In certain applications, to minimize photoinduced hypoxia the light is introduced intermittently (fractional PDT) to allow time for the replenishment of cellular oxygen. This condition extends the time required for effective therapy. Herein, we demonstrated that a photosensitizer with an additional 2-pyridone module for trapping singlet oxygen would be useful in fractional PDT. Thus, in the light cycle, the endoperoxide of 2-pyridone is generated along with singlet oxygen. In the dark cycle, the endoperoxide undergoes thermal cycloreversion to produce singlet oxygen, regenerating the 2-pyridone module. As a result, the photodynamic process can continue in the dark as well as in the light cycles. Cell-culture studies validated this working principle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Simsek Turan
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin U Akkaya
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Shao P, Chapman DW, Moore RB, Zemp RJ. Monitoring photodynamic therapy with photoacoustic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:106012. [PMID: 26509414 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. We present our work on examining the feasibility of monitoring photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced vasculature change with acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). Verteporfin, an FDA-approved photosensitizer for clinical PDT, was utilized. With a 60-μm-resolution PAM system, we demonstrated the capability of PAM to monitor PDT-induced vasculature variations in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model with topical application and in a rat ear with intravenous injection of the photosensitizer. We also showed oxygen saturation change in target blood vessels due to PDT. Success of the present approach may potentially lead to the application of PAM imaging in evaluating PDT efficacy, guiding treatment, and predicting responders from nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shao
- University of Alberta, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - David W Chapman
- University of Alberta, Department of Surgery and Oncology, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ronald B Moore
- University of Alberta, Department of Surgery and Oncology, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Roger J Zemp
- University of Alberta, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton T6G 2V4, Canada
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Cerman E, Çekiç O. Clinical use of photodynamic therapy in ocular tumors. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:557-74. [PMID: 26079736 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the introduction of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs reduced the indications for photodynamic therapy in ophthalmology, it may still be used in various ocular tumors. Although many studies have shown that photodynamic therapy is effective in ocular tumors, the literature consists of case reports and series. In this review, we systematically performed a meta-analysis for the use of photodynamic therapy in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, diffuse choroidal hemangioma, retinal capillary hemangioma, von Hippel-Lindau angiomatosis, choroidal melanoma, retinal astrocytoma, retinoblastoma, eyelid tumors, conjunctival tumors, and choroidal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Cerman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Çekiç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Tumor Microenvironment as a Determinant of Photodynamic Therapy Resistance. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12730-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bozzini G, Colin P, Betrouni N, Maurage CA, Leroy X, Simonin S, Martin-Schmitt C, Villers A, Mordon S. Efficiency of 5-ALA mediated photodynamic therapy on hypoxic prostate cancer: a preclinical study on the Dunning R3327-AT2 rat tumor model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:296-303. [PMID: 23993856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in an in vivo hypoxic tumor model and its monitoring using MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dunning R3327-AT2 tumors were grafted in the neck of Copenhagen rats. PDT using 150 mg 5-ALA/kg i.v. was performed by focal interstitial illumination of the photosensitized tumor (λ=633 nm; fluence=100 J/cm(2)). MRI at baseline and 2 days after treatment (T1, T2 and dynamic gadolinium enhanced sequences) were performed. Necrosis volumes were determined on post-procedure MRI. Tumors were resected 2 days post-PDT and obtained necrosis was determined histopathologically. Intra-tumoral PPIX distribution was evaluated using confocal microscopy and tissue porphyrin quantification. RESULTS Twenty rats were treated divided into three groups: continuous (n=7), fractionated illumination (n=7), and a control group receiving only light or only ALA or neither (n=6). Baseline MRI confirmed the hypoxic character of tumors. Necrosis volumes determined on posttreatment MRI were not reproducible and presented with important geometric and volumetric variability. Average necrosis volumes of 0.39 cc (0-0.874 cc) in the continuous group, 0.24 cc (0.107-0.436 cc) in the fractionated group and 0.012 cc (0-0.071 cc) in the control group were observed. Intra-tumoral PPIX distribution was heterogeneous and PPIX quantification revealed low intra-tumoral concentration. CONCLUSION Necrosis volumes induced by 5-ALA-mediated PDT were highly variable and non reproducible, probably because of lack of intra-tissular oxygen. Photosensitizer was poorly represented inside the tumor and its distribution was heterogeneous. Our study suggests that 5-ALA-mediated PDT might not be the best management option for hypoxic prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bozzini
- Lille University Hospital, Department of Urology, France.
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Bozzini G, Colin P, Nevoux P, Villers A, Mordon S, Betrouni N. Focal therapy of prostate cancer: energies and procedures. Urol Oncol 2013; 31:155-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bozzini G, Colin P, Betrouni N, Nevoux P, Ouzzane A, Puech P, Villers A, Mordon S. Photodynamic therapy in urology: what can we do now and where are we heading? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:261-73. [PMID: 22959806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative technique in oncologic urology. Its application appears increasingly realistic to all kind of cancers with technological progress made in treatment planning and light delivery associated with the emergence of novel photosensitizers. The aim of this study is to review applications of this technique in urology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the literature on PDT for urological malignancies with the following key words: photodynamic therapy, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, urothelial cancer, penile cancer and then by cross-referencing from previously identified studies. RESULTS Focal therapy of prostate cancer is an application of PDT. Clinical studies are ongoing to determine PDT efficacy and safety. PDT as salvage treatment after radiotherapy has been tested. Oncologic results were promising but important side effects were reported. Individual dosimetric planning is necessary to avoid toxicity. PDT was tested to treat superficial bladder carcinoma with promising oncologic results. Serious side effects have limited use of first photosensitizers generation. Second generation of photosensitizer allowed reducing morbidity. For upper urinary tract carcinoma and urethra, data are limited. Few studies described PDT application in penile oncology for conservative management of carcinoma in situ and premalignant lesions. For renal cancer, PDT was only tested on preclinical model despite of its potential application. No data is available concerning PDT application for testicular cancer. CONCLUSION PDT clinical applications in urology have proved a kind of efficiency balanced with an important morbidity. Development of new photosensitizer generations and improvement in illumination protocols should permit to decrease side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bozzini
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, avenue oscar lambret, Lille, France. bozzini
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Colin P, Nevoux P, Marqa M, Auger F, Leroy X, Villers A, Puech P, Mordon S, Betrouni N. Focal laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) at 980 nm for prostate cancer: treatment feasibility in Dunning R3327-AT2 rat prostate tumour. BJU Int 2011; 109:452-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Naghavi N, Miranbaygi MH, Sazgarnia A. Simulation of fractionated and continuous irradiation in photodynamic therapy: study the differences between photobleaching and singlet oxygen dose deposition. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2011; 34:203-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s13246-011-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yang L, Wei Y, Xing D, Chen Q. Increasing the efficiency of photodynamic therapy by improved light delivery and oxygen supply using an anticoagulant in a solid tumor model. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 42:671-9. [PMID: 20740620 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The main factors in photodynamic therapy (PDT) are: photosensitizer retention, photon absorption, and oxygen supply. Each factor has its unique set of problems that poses limitation to the treatment. Both light delivery and oxygen supply are significant bottlenecks in PDT. Vascular closure during PDT reduces oxygen supply to the targeted tissue. On the other hand, with the changes in blood perfusion, the tissue optical properties change, and result in variation in irradiation light transmission. For these reasons, it becomes very important to avoid blood coagulation and vascular closure during PDT. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficiency of PDT combined with the anticoagulant heparin was studied in a BALB/c mouse model with subcutaneous EMT6 mammary carcinomas. Mice were randomized into three groups: control, PDT-only, and PDT with heparin. The photosensitizer Photofrin was used in our experiments. Light transmission, blood perfusion, and local production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored during the treatment. The corresponding histological examinations were performed to determine the thrombosis immediately after irradiation and to evaluate tumor necrosis 48 hours after the treatment. RESULTS The results clearly demonstrated that PDT combined with pre-administered heparin can significantly reduce thrombosis during light irradiation. The blood perfusion, oxygen supply, and light delivery are all improved. Improved tumor responses in the combined therapy, as shown with the histological examination and tumor growth assay, are clearly demonstrated and related to an increased local ROS production. CONCLUSION Transitory anticoagulation treatment significantly enhances the antitumor effect of PDT. It is mainly due to the improvement of the light delivery and oxygen supply in tumor, and ultimately the amount of ROS produced during PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Colin P, Estevez JP, Betrouni N, Ouzzane A, Puech P, Leroy X, Biserte J, Villers A, Mordon S. [Photodynamic therapy and prostate cancer]. Prog Urol 2010; 21:85-92. [PMID: 21296274 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative therapeutic modality in urologic oncology. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed the current literature on principles and modalities of PDT in prostatic oncology. RESULTS Focal therapy of prostate cancer is an application field of PDT. Clinical phase II studies are ongoing to determine PDT efficacy and safety in this indication. PDT as salvage treatment after prostatic radiotherapy has been tested. Carcinologic results were promising but important side effects were reported. Individual dosimetric planification is necessary to avoid this toxicity. CONCLUSION PDT first clinical experience for prostate cancer has showed its technical feasibility. Several research ways are currently in study to improve carcinologic efficacy and to limit potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Colin
- Inserm, U703, Université Nord de France, CHRU de Lille, 152, rue du Dr-Yersin, 59120 Loos, France.
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Kuliková L, Mikeš J, Hýžďalová M, Palumbo G, Fedoročko P. NF-κB is Not Directly Responsible for Photoresistance Induced by Fractionated Light Delivery in HT-29 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:1285-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lipophilic photosensitizer administration via the prostate arteries for photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2010; 7:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Skugareva OA, Kaplan MA, Malygina AI, Mikhailovskaya AA. Evaluation of antitumor efficiency of experimental interstitial photodynamic therapy on the model of M1 sarcoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2010; 148:807-9. [PMID: 20396798 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-0822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor efficiency of interstitial photodynamic therapy was evaluated in experiments on outbred albino rats with implanted M-1 sarcoma. Interstitial photodynamic therapy was carried out using one diffusor at different output power and duration of exposure. The percentage of complete regression of the tumors increased with increasing exposure parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Skugareva
- Medical Radiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Russia.
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Calin MA, Botea S. In vivo comparison of simple and double-fractionated low-level laser irradiation schemes on the healing of rat skin lesions. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 28:245-50. [PMID: 19743961 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of a simple irradiation scheme with that of a double-fractionated irradiation scheme on the healing of rat skin lesions using in vivo monitoring of tissue diffuse reflectance. BACKGROUND DATA Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is used in medicine for treating a wide range of pathological conditions. The practical benefits of laser treatment of acute and chronic conditions were obtained, using a single session of irradiation per day. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups (controls, simple laser irradiation scheme, and double-fractionated laser irradiation scheme). A skin lesion was created on the calf of the right hind leg of all rats. The laser irradiation parameters were lambda = 635 nm and power = 15 mW. The exposure time was 600 s for the simple laser irradiation scheme and 300 s x 2 for the double-fractionated laser irradiation scheme on 3 consecutive days. The optical properties of tissue were studied by processing and analyzing the diffuse reflectance spectra of injured skin, acquired before and after each laser irradiation. RESULTS The results demonstrate that, using a simple laser irradiation scheme (single daily irradiation session: t exp 1 =600 s, power = 15 mW, lambda = 635 nm), healing of the skin lesion began after 3 consecutive treatment days. The application of the double-fractionated laser irradiation scheme (2 daily irradiation sessions: t exp 2 = t exp 1/2 = 300 s, power = 15 mW and lambda = 635 nm) led to a reduction in treatment time to 2 days. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a double-fractionated irradiation scheme is more efficient than simple irradiation scheme for LLLT in rat skin lesions.
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