1
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Yan Y, Huang X, Yuan L, Ngai T, Ma G, Xia Y. Dictating the spatial-temporal delivery of molecular adjuvant and antigen for the enhanced vaccination. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122697. [PMID: 38968687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of molecular adjuvants has revolutionized vaccine by boosting overall immune efficacy. While traditional efforts have been concentrated on the quality and quantity of vaccine components, the impact of adjuvant and antigen delivery kinetics on immunity remains to be fully understood. Here, we employed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (PLGA NP) -stabilized Pickering emulsion (PPE) to refine the delivery kinetics of molecular adjuvant CpG and antigen, aiming to optimize immune responses. The hierarchical structure of PPE enabled spatially differential loading of CpG and antigen. The component inserted on the oil-water interphase exhibited a rapid release profile, while the one encapsulated in the PLGA NPs demonstrated a sustained release. This led to distinct intracellular spatial-temporal release kinetics. Compared to the PPE with sustained CpG release and burst release of antigen, we found that the PPE with rapid CpG release and sustained antigen release triggered an early and robust activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in direct way. This fostered a more immunogenic microenvironment, significantly outperforming the inverted delivery profile in dendritic cells (DCs) activation, resulting in higher CD40 expression, elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, sustained antigen cross-presentation, an enhanced Th1 response, and increased CD8+ T cells. Moreover, prior exposure of CpG led to suppressed tumor growth and enhanced efficacy in Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine. Our findings underscore the importance of tuning adjuvant and antigen delivery kinetics in vaccine design, proposing a novel path for enhancing vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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2
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Tai Y, Chen M, Wang F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai B, Yan L, Luo Y, Li Y. The role of dendritic cells in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111548. [PMID: 38244518 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are asserted as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that orchestrate both innate and adaptive immunity, being extremely effective in the induction of robust anti-cancer T cell responses. Hence, the modulation of DCs function represents an attractive target for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy. A better understanding of the immunobiology of DCs, the interaction among DCs, immune effector cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the latest advances in biomedical engineering technology would be required for the design of optimal DC-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on elaborating the immunobiology of DCs in healthy and cancer environments, the recent advances in the development of enhancing endogenous DCs immunocompetence via immunomodulators as well as DC-based vaccines. The rapidly developing field of applying nanotechnology to improve DC-based immunotherapy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Chen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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3
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Klinman DM, Goguet E, Tross D. TLR Agonist Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Mice. J Immunother 2023; 46:170-177. [PMID: 37103328 PMCID: PMC10168108 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 and 9 agonists stimulate an innate immune response that supports the development of tumor-specific immunity. Previous studies showed that either agonist individually could cure mice of small tumors and that when used in combination, they could prevent the progression of larger tumors (>300 mm 3 ). To examine whether these agents combined could control metastatic disease, syngeneic mice were challenged with the highly aggressive 66cl4 triple-negative breast tumor cell line. Treatment was not initiated until pulmonary metastases were established, as verified by bioluminescent imaging of luciferase-tagged tumor cells. Results show that combined therapy with TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists delivered to both primary and metastatic tumor sites significantly reduced tumor burden and extended survival. The inclusion of cyclophosphamide and anti-PD-L1 resulted in optimal tumor control, characterized by a 5-fold increase in the average duration of survival.
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4
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Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as a Novel Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911397. [PMID: 36232698 PMCID: PMC9570010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are multifaceted immune cells with a wide range of innate and adaptive immunological functions. They constitute the first line of defence against multiple viral infections and have also been reported to actively participate in antitumor immune responses. The clinical implication of the presence of pDCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still ambiguous, but it is clear that pDCs possess the ability to modulate tumor-specific T cell responses and direct cytotoxic functions. Therapeutic strategies designed to exploit these qualities of pDCs to boost tumor-specific immune responses could represent an attractive alternative compared to conventional therapeutic approaches in the future, and promising antitumor effects have already been reported in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we review the many roles of pDCs in cancer and present current advances in developing pDC-based immunotherapeutic approaches for treating cancer.
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5
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van Pul KM, Notohardjo JCL, Fransen MF, Koster BD, Stam AGM, Chondronasiou D, Lougheed SM, Bakker J, Kandiah V, van den Tol MP, Jooss K, Vuylsteke RJCLM, van den Eertwegh AJM, de Gruijl TD. Local delivery of low-dose anti–CTLA-4 to the melanoma lymphatic basin leads to systemic T
reg
reduction and effector T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8097. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies show that locoregional CTLA-4 blockade is equally effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery, without the added risk of immune-related side effects. This efficacy is related to access of the CTLA-4 blocking antibodies to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Local delivery of anti–CTLA-4 after surgical removal of primary melanoma, before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), provides a unique setting to clinically assess the role of TDLN in the biological efficacy of locoregional CTLA-4 blockade. Here, we have evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunomodulatory effects in the SLN and peripheral blood of a single dose of tremelimumab [a fully human immunoglobulin gamma-2 (IgG2) mAb directed against CTLA-4] in a dose range of 2 to 20 mg, injected intradermally at the tumor excision site 1 week before SLNB in 13 patients with early-stage melanoma (phase 1 trial; NCT04274816). Intradermal delivery was safe and well tolerated and induced activation of migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the SLN. It also induced profound and durable decreases in regulatory T cell (T
reg
) frequencies and activation of effector T cells in both SLN and peripheral blood. Moreover, systemic T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 or MART-1 were primed or boosted (
N
= 7), in association with T cell activation and central memory T cell differentiation. These findings indicate that local administration of anti–CTLA-4 may offer a safe and promising adjuvant treatment strategy for patients with early-stage melanoma. Moreover, our data demonstrate a central role for TDLN in the biological efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade and support TDLN-targeted delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. van Pul
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Surgical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica C. L. Notohardjo
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke F. Fransen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Pulmonary Diseases, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas D. Koster
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anita G. M. Stam
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dafni Chondronasiou
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sinéad M. Lougheed
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Bakker
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vinitha Kandiah
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Petrousjka van den Tol
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Surgical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Tumor draining lymph nodes, immune response, and radiotherapy: Towards a revisal of therapeutic principles. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Li X, Zhang Z, Liu M, Fu X, A J, Chen G, Wu S, Dong JT. Establishment of a lncRNA-Based Prognostic Gene Signature Associated With Altered Immune Responses in HCC. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880288. [PMID: 35572559 PMCID: PMC9097819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with higher mortality, and means are urgently needed to improve the prognosis. T cell exclusion (TCE) plays a pivotal role in immune evasion, and lncRNAs represent a large group of tumor development and progression modulators. Using the TCGA HCC dataset (n=374), we identified 2752 differentially expressed and 702 TCE-associated lncRNAs, of which 336 were in both groups. As identified using the univariate Cox regression analysis, those associated with overall survival (OS) were subjected to the LASSO-COX regression analysis to develop a prognosis signature. The model, which consisted of 11 lncRNAs and was named 11LNCPS for 11-lncRNA prognosis signature, was validated and performed better than two previous models. In addition to OS and TCE, higher 11LNCPS scores had a significant correlation with reduced infiltrations of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) and decreased infiltrations of Th1, Th2, and pro B cells. As expected, these infiltration alterations were significantly associated with worse OS in HCC. Analysis of published data indicates that HCCs with higher 11LNCPS scores were transcriptomically similar to those that responded better to PDL1 inhibitor. Of the 11LNCPS lncRNAs, LINC01134 and AC116025.2 seem more crucial, as their upregulations affected more immune cell types' infiltrations and were significantly associated with TCE, worse OS, and compromised immune responses in HCC. LncRNAs in the 11LNCPS impacted many cancer-associated biological processes and signaling pathways, particularly those involved in immune function and metabolism. The 11LNCPS should be useful for predicting prognosis and immune responses in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingcheng Liu
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun A
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shian Wu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Laboratory Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Fasoulakis Z, Koutras A, Ntounis T, Pergialiotis V, Chionis A, Katrachouras A, Palios VC, Symeonidis P, Valsamaki A, Syllaios A, Diakosavvas M, Angelou K, Samara AA, Pagkalos A, Theodora M, Schizas D, Kontomanolis EN. The Prognostic Role and Significance of Dll4 and Toll-like Receptors in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071649. [PMID: 35406423 PMCID: PMC8996945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to summarize the latest details considering the role of Dll4 in cancer, since recent data report that Dll4 has a major key role in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, the authors try to seek any correlation between Dll4 and cancer stem cells in tumor development. Considering that cancer stem cells have proven to be implicated in the progression of many cancer types, any impact from Dll4 could lead to the alteration of cancer development. Additionally, the authors make a report on current advantages on immunotherapy and tumor-draining lymph nodes in cancer. Finally, this study analyzes toll like receptors, pattern recognition receptors that are capable of recognizing different molecules and activating different genes. These immunogenetic molecules have remarkable roles including angiogenesis promotion, while their activation can lead to either cancer progression or inhibition, representing a very promising therapeutic alliance for cancer treatment. Abstract The Notch signaling pathway regulates the development of embryonic and tissue homeostasis of various types of cells. It also controls cell proliferation, variation, fate and cell death because it emits short-range messages to nearby cells. The pathway plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various malignancies, controlling cancer creation. It also limits cancer development by adjusting preserved angiogenesis and cellular programs. One of the Notch signaling ligands (in mammals) is Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), which plays a significant role in the overall malignancies’ advancement. Particularly, sequencing Notch gene mutations, including those of Dll4, have been detected in many types of cancers portraying information on the growth of particular gynecological types of tumors. The current research article examines the background theory that implies the ability of Dll4 in the development of endometrial and other cancer types, and the probable therapeutic results of Dll4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Fasoulakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Antonios Koutras
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Thomas Ntounis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Athanasios Chionis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Katrachouras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ioannina, University General Hospital of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Str., 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasileios-Chrysovalantis Palios
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Larisa, University General Hospital of Larisa, Mezourlo, 41110 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Symeonidis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 12, 67100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.S.); (E.N.K.)
| | - Asimina Valsamaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Larisa, Tsakal of 1, 41221 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma Str. 17, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6972374280
| | - Michail Diakosavvas
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Kyveli Angelou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Athina A. Samara
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Pagkalos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Xanthi, Neapoli, 67100 Xanthi, Greece;
| | - Marianna Theodora
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Athens ‘ALEXANDRA’, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lourou and Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece; (Z.F.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (V.P.); (M.D.); (K.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel N. Kontomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Vasilissis Sofias Str. 12, 67100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.S.); (E.N.K.)
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9
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Emerging strategies for biomaterial-assisted cancer immunotherapy. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zhang Z, Kuo JCT, Yao S, Zhang C, Khan H, Lee RJ. CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides for Anticancer Monotherapy from Preclinical Stages to Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:73. [PMID: 35056969 PMCID: PMC8780291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), the artificial versions of unmethylated CpG motifs that were originally discovered in bacterial DNA, are demonstrated not only as potent immunoadjuvants but also as anticancer agents by triggering toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation in immune cells. TLR9 activation triggered by CpG ODN has been shown to activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), enhancing T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. However, the extent of antitumor immunity carried by TLR agonists has not been optimized individually or in combinations with cancer vaccines, resulting in a decreased preference for TLR agonists as adjuvants in clinical trials. Although various combination therapies involving CpG ODNs have been applied in clinical trials, none of the CpG ODN-based drugs have been approved by the FDA, owing to the short half-life of CpG ODNs in serum that leads to low activation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and CTLs, along with increases of pro-inflammatory cytokine productions. This review summarized the current innovation on CpG ODNs that are under clinical investigation and explored the future direction for CpG ODN-based nanomedicine as an anticancer monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (C.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Jimmy Chun-Tien Kuo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (C.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Chi Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (C.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Hira Khan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (C.Z.); (H.K.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (C.Z.); (H.K.)
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11
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Girard P, Sosa Cuevas E, Ponsard B, Mouret S, Gil H, Col E, De Fraipont F, Sturm N, Charles J, Manches O, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Dysfunctional BTN3A together with deregulated immune checkpoints and type I/II IFN dictate defective interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells in melanoma patients, which impacts clinical outcomes. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1329. [PMID: 34786191 PMCID: PMC8577077 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives pDCs and γδ T cells emerge as potent immune players participating in the pathophysiology of cancers, yet still remaining enigmatic while harbouring a promising potential for clinical translations. Despite strategic and closed missions, crosstalk between pDCs and γδ T cells has not been deciphered yet in cancers, especially in melanoma where the long‐term control of the tumor still remains a challenge. Methods This prompted us to explore the interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells in the context of melanoma, investigating the reciprocal features of pDCs or γδ T cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms and its impact on clinical outcomes. Results TLRL‐activated pDCs from the blood and tumor infiltrate of melanoma patients displayed an impaired ability to activate, to modulate immune checkpoints and trigger the functionality of γδ T cells. Conversely, γδ T cells from the blood or tumor infiltrate of melanoma patients activated by PAg were defective in triggering pDCs’ activation and modulation of immune checkpoints, and failed to elicit the functionality of pDCs. Reversion of the dysfunctional cross‐talks could be achieved by specific cytokine administration and immune checkpoint targeting. Strikingly, we revealed an increased expression of BTN3A on circulating and tumor‐infiltrating pDCs and γδ T cells from melanoma patients, but stressed out the potential impairment of this molecule. Conclusion Our study uncovered that melanoma hijacked the bidirectional interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells to escape from immune control, and revealed BTN3A dysfunction. Such understanding will help harness and synergise the power of these potent immune cells to design new therapeutic approaches exploiting their antitumor potential while counteracting their skewing by tumors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Benedicte Ponsard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- Dermatology Clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Hugo Gil
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Edwige Col
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- Medical Unit of Molecular Genetic (Hereditary Diseases and Oncology) Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Julie Charles
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Dermatology Clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
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12
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Gruijs M, Ganzevles SH, Stigter-van Walsum M, van der Mast R, van Ostaijen-ten Dam MM, Tuk CW, Schilham MW, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH, van Egmond M, van de Ven R, Bakema JE. NK Cell-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Immunotherapy Is Improved In Vitro and In Vivo When Combined with Agonists for Toll-like Receptor 2 in Head and Neck Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11057. [PMID: 34681717 PMCID: PMC8541276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive character of head and neck cancers may explain the relatively low response rates to antibody therapy targeting a tumor antigen, such as cetuximab, and anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition. Immunostimulatory agents that overcome tumor-derived inhibitory signals could augment therapeutic efficacy, thereby enhancing tumor elimination and improving patient survival. Here, we demonstrate that cetuximab treatment combined with immunostimulatory agonists for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 induces profound immune responses. Natural killer (NK) cells, isolated from healthy individuals or patients with head and neck cancer, harbored enhanced cytotoxic capacity and increased tumor-killing potential in vitro. Additionally, combination treatment increased the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by NK cells. Tumor-bearing mice that received cetuximab and the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 showed increased infiltration of immune cells into the tumors compared to mice that received cetuximab monotherapy, resulting in a significant delay in tumor growth or even complete tumor regression. Moreover, combination treatment resulted in improved overall survival in vivo. In conclusion, combining tumor-targeting antibody-based immunotherapy with TLR stimulation represents a promising treatment strategy to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. This treatment could well be applied together with other therapeutic strategies such as anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibition to further overcome immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cetuximab/pharmacology
- Cetuximab/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopeptides/pharmacology
- Lipopeptides/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, IgG/agonists
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Gruijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Sonja H. Ganzevles
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Richard van der Mast
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Monique M. van Ostaijen-ten Dam
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.M.v.O.-t.D.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Cornelis W. Tuk
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Marco W. Schilham
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.M.v.O.-t.D.); (M.W.S.)
| | - C. René Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (R.v.d.M.); (C.W.T.); (M.v.E.)
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Jantine E. Bakema
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam—Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.H.G.); (M.S.-v.W.); (C.R.L.); (R.H.B.); (J.E.B.)
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13
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Abstract
Early engagement of the lymphatic system by solid tumors in peripheral, nonlymphoid tissues is a clinical hallmark of cancer and often forecasts poor prognosis. The significance of lymph node metastasis for distant spread, however, has been questioned by large-scale lymph node dissection trials and the likely prevalence of direct hematogenous metastasis. Still, an emerging appreciation for the immunological role of the tumor-draining lymph node has renewed interest in its basic biology, role in metastatic progression, antitumor immunity, and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the early mechanisms through which tumors engage lymphatic transport and condition tumor-draining lymph nodes, the significance of these changes for both metastasis and immunity, and potential implications of the tumor-draining lymph node for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley du Bois
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Taylor A. Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016
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14
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Geboers B, Timmer FEF, Ruarus AH, Pouw JEE, Schouten EAC, Bakker J, Puijk RS, Nieuwenhuizen S, Dijkstra M, van den Tol MP, de Vries JJJ, Oprea-Lager DE, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, van der Vliet HJ, Wilmink JW, Scheffer HJ, de Gruijl TD, Meijerink MR. Irreversible Electroporation and Nivolumab Combined with Intratumoral Administration of a Toll-Like Receptor Ligand, as a Means of In Vivo Vaccination for Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PANFIRE-III). A Phase-I Study Protocol. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153902. [PMID: 34359801 PMCID: PMC8345515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis, and to date no curative treatment options exist. The image guided tumor ablation technique irreversible electroporation (IRE) employs high-voltage electrical pulses through the application of several needle electrodes in and around the tumor in order to induce cell death. IRE ablation of the primary tumor has the ability to reduce pancreatic tumor induced immune suppression while allowing the expansion of tumor specific effector T cells, hereby possibly shifting the pancreatic tumor microenvironment into a more immune permissive state. The addition of immune enhancing therapies to IRE might work synergistically and could potentially induce a clinically significant treatment effect. This study protocol describes the rationale and design of the PANFIRE-III trial that aims to assess the safety of the combination of IRE with IMO-2125 (toll-like receptor 9 ligand) and/or nivolumab in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Abstract Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel image-guided tumor ablation technique with the ability to generate a window for the establishment of systemic antitumor immunity. IRE transiently alters the tumor’s immunosuppressive microenvironment while simultaneously generating antigen release, thereby instigating an adaptive immune response. Combining IRE with immunotherapeutic drugs, i.e., electroimmunotherapy, has synergistic potential and might induce a durable antitumor response. The primary objective of this study is to assess the safety of the combination of IRE with IMO-2125 (a toll-like receptor 9 ligand) and/or nivolumab in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC). In this randomized controlled phase I clinical trial, 18 patients with mPDAC pretreated with chemotherapy will be enrolled in one of three study arms: A (control): nivolumab monotherapy; B: percutaneous IRE of the primary tumor followed by nivolumab; or C: intratumoral injection of IMO-2125 followed by percutaneous IRE of the primary tumor and nivolumab. Assessments include contrast enhanced computed tomography (ceCT), 18F-FDG and 18F-BMS-986192 (PD-L1) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, biopsies of the primary tumor and metastases, peripheral blood samples, and quality of life and pain questionnaires. There is no curative treatment option for patients with mPDAC, and palliative chemotherapy regimens only moderately improve survival. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative and radically different treatment approaches. Should electroimmunotherapy establish an effective and durable anti-tumor response, it may ultimately improve PDAC’s dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Geboers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Florentine E. F. Timmer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Alette H. Ruarus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Johanna E. E. Pouw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.E.E.P.); (J.B.); (C.W.M.-v.d.H.v.O.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (J.W.W.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Evelien A. C. Schouten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Joyce Bakker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.E.E.P.); (J.B.); (C.W.M.-v.d.H.v.O.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (J.W.W.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Robbert S. Puijk
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Sanne Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Madelon Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - M. Petrousjka van den Tol
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan J. J. de Vries
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Daniela E. Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.E.E.P.); (J.B.); (C.W.M.-v.d.H.v.O.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (J.W.W.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.E.E.P.); (J.B.); (C.W.M.-v.d.H.v.O.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (J.W.W.); (T.D.d.G.)
- Lava Therapeutics, Yalelaan 60, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.E.E.P.); (J.B.); (C.W.M.-v.d.H.v.O.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (J.W.W.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Hester J. Scheffer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.E.E.P.); (J.B.); (C.W.M.-v.d.H.v.O.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (J.W.W.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Martijn R. Meijerink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.E.F.T.); (A.H.R.); (E.A.C.S.); (R.S.P.); (S.N.); (M.D.); (J.J.J.d.V.); (D.E.O.-L.); (H.J.S.); (M.R.M.)
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15
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Reda M, Nelson MA, Wang R, Zaidan HY, Bejan DS, Hoang NH, Lane RS, Luoh SW, Leachman SA, Mills GB, Gray JW, Lund AW, Yantasee W. In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co-Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole-Body Antitumor Immune Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100628. [PMID: 34118167 PMCID: PMC8424660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a subset of individuals has been very exciting. However, in many cancers, responses to current ICIs are modest and are seen only in a small subsets of patients. Herein, a widely applicable approach that increases the benefit of ICIs is reported. Intratumoral administration of augmenting immune response and inhibiting suppressive environment of tumors-AIRISE-02 nanotherapeutic that co-delivers CpG and STAT3 siRNA-results in not only regression of the injected tumor, but also tumors at distant sites in multiple tumor model systems. In particular, three doses of AIRISE-02 in combination with systemic ICIs completely cure both treated and untreated aggressive melanoma tumors in 63% of mice, while ICIs alone do not cure any mice. A long-term memory immune effect is also reported. AIRISE-02 is effective in breast and colon tumor models as well. Lastly, AIRISE-02 is well tolerated in mice and nonhuman primates. This approach combines multiple therapeutic agents into a single nanoconstruct to create whole-body immune responses across multiple cancer types. Being a local therapeutic, AIRISE-02 circumvents regulatory challenges of systemic nanoparticle delivery, facilitating rapid translation to the clinic. AIRISE-02 is under investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies, and clinical trials will soon follow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moataz Reda
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Ruijie Wang
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | | | - Ngoc Ha Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ryan S Lane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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16
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Abstract
CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides specifically designed to stimulate Toll-like receptor 9. TLR9 is expressed on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells and triggers an innate immune response characterized by the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of CpG ODN and provides an overview of human clinical trial results using CpG ODN to improve vaccines for the prevention/treatment of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis M Klinman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Leitman Klinman Consulting, Potomac, MD, USA.
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17
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Koster BD, López González M, van den Hout MF, Turksma AW, Sluijter BJ, Molenkamp BG, van Leeuwen PA, Vosslamber S, Scheper RJ, van den Eertwegh AJ, van den Tol MP, Jordanova EJ, de Gruijl TD. T cell infiltration on local CpG-B delivery in early-stage melanoma is predominantly related to CLEC9A +CD141 + cDC1 and CD14 + antigen-presenting cell recruitment. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001962. [PMID: 33737341 PMCID: PMC7978250 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported CpG-B injection at the primary tumor excision site prior to re-excision and sentinel node biopsy to result in immune activation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN), increased melanoma-specific CD8+ T cell rates in peripheral blood, and prolonged recurrence-free survival. Here, we assessed recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets in the SLN and at the injection site in relation to T cell infiltration. Methods Re-excision skin specimens from patients with clinical stage I-II melanoma, collected 7 days after intradermal injection of either saline (n=10) or 8 mg CpG-B (CPG7909, n=12), were examined by immunohistochemistry, quantifying immune subsets in the epidermis, papillary, and reticular dermis. Counts were related to flow cytometric data from matched SLN samples. Additional in vitro cultures and transcriptional analyses on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed to ascertain CpG-induced APC activation and chemokine profiles. Results Significant increases in CD83+, CD14+, CD68+, and CD123+ APC were observed in the reticular dermis of CpG-B-injected skin samples. Fluorescent double/triple staining revealed recruitment of both CD123+BDCA2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) and BDCA3/CD141+CLEC9A+ type-1 conventional DC (cDC1), of which only the cDC1 showed considerable levels of CD83 expression. Simultaneous CpG-B-induced increases in T cell infiltration were strongly correlated with both cDC1 and CD14 counts. Moreover, cDC1 and CD14+ APC rates in the reticular dermis and matched SLN suspensions were positively correlated. Flow cytometric, transcriptional, and chemokine release analyses of PBMC, on in vitro or in vivo exposure to CpG-B, indicate a role for the activation and recruitment of both cDC1 and CD14+ monocyte-derived APCs in the release of CXCL10 and subsequent T cell infiltration. Conclusion The CpG-B-induced concerted recruitment of cDC1 and CD14+ APC to the injection site and its draining lymph nodes may allow for both the (cross-)priming of T cells and their subsequent homing to effector sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas D Koster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta López González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mari Fcm van den Hout
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies W Turksma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berbel Jr Sluijter
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara G Molenkamp
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Am van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Vosslamber
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Jm van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Petrousjka van den Tol
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina J Jordanova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Yang F, Shi K, Hao Y, Jia Y, Liu Q, Chen Y, Pan M, Yuan L, Yu Y, Qian Z. Cyclophosphamide loaded thermo-responsive hydrogel system synergize with a hydrogel cancer vaccine to amplify cancer immunotherapy in a prime-boost manner. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3036-3048. [PMID: 33778186 PMCID: PMC7960683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neoantigen-based cancer vaccines show great potential in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to induce effective and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity, their development is hindered by the limitations of neoantigens identification, low immunogenicity, and weak immune response. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) not only directly kills tumors but also causes immunogenic cell death, providing a promising source of antigens for cancer vaccines. Herein, a combined immunotherapy strategy based on temperature-sensitive PLEL hydrogel is designed. First, CTX-loaded hydrogel is injected intratumorally into CT26 bearing mice to prime anti-tumor immunity, and then 3 days later, PLEL hydrogels loaded with CpG and tumor lysates are subcutaneously injected into both groins to further promote anti-tumor immune responses. The results confirm that this combined strategy reduces the toxicity of CTX, and produces the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to effectively inhibit tumor growth, prolong survival, and significantly improve the tumor cure rate. Moreover, a long-lasting immune memory response is observed in the mice. About 90% of the cured mice survive for at least 60 days after being re-inoculated with tumors, and the distant tumor growth is also well inhibited. Hence, this PLEL-based combination therapy may provide a promising reference for the clinical promotion of chemotherapy combined with cancer vaccines. PLEL based-CTX hydrogel system avoided the rapid clearance of CTX and reduced systemic toxicity. PLEL-assisted tumor lysate vaccine was cheap, safe, and contained all tumor antigens. This strategy promoted the maturation and activation of DCs, enhanced cancer-specific CD8+ T cell responses. PLEL-assisted combination strategy achieved a good tumor inhibition effect and generate a lasting immune memory. . This local administration strategy could kill tumors that could not be detected or removed surgically in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qingya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Liping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yongyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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van Pul KM, Fransen MF, van de Ven R, de Gruijl TD. Immunotherapy Goes Local: The Central Role of Lymph Nodes in Driving Tumor Infiltration and Efficacy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643291. [PMID: 33732264 PMCID: PMC7956978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the therapeutic landscape of oncology but its impact is limited by primary or secondary resistance. ICB resistance has been related to a lack of T cells infiltrating into the tumor. Strategies to overcome this hurdle have so far focused on the tumor microenvironment, but have mostly overlooked the role of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN). Whereas for CTLA-4 blockade TDLN have long since been implicated due to its perceived mechanism-of-action involving T cell priming, only recently has evidence been emerging showing TDLN to be vital for the efficacy of PD-1 blockade as well. TDLN are targeted by developing tumors to create an immune suppressed pre-metastatic niche which can lead to priming of dysfunctional antitumor T cells. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that therapeutic targeting of TDLN may ensure sufficient antitumor T cell activation and subsequent tumor infiltration to facilitate effective ICB. Indeed, waves of tumor-specific, proliferating stem cell-like, or progenitor exhausted T cells, either newly primed or reinvigorated in TDLN, are vital for PD-1 blockade efficacy. Both tumor-derived migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets and DC subsets residing in TDLN, and an interplay between them, have been implicated in the induction of these T cells, their imprinting for homing and subsequent tumor control. We propose that therapeutic approaches, involving local delivery of immune modulatory agents for optimal access to TDLN, aimed at overcoming hampered DC activation, will enable ICB by promoting T cell recruitment to the tumor, both in early and in advanced stages of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. van Pul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke F. Fransen
- Deparment of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Klarquist JS, Janssen EM. Melanoma-infiltrating dendritic cells: Limitations and opportunities of mouse models. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1584-1593. [PMID: 23264904 PMCID: PMC3525613 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of melanoma lesions by dendritic cells (DCs) has been suggested to play a tumorigenic role due to the capacity of DCs to induce tumor tolerance and promote angiogenesis as well as metastasis. However, it has also been shown that tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) induce antitumor responses and hence may be targeted in cost-effective therapeutic approaches to obtain patient-specific DCs that present relevant tumor antigens, without the need for ex vivo DC expansion or tumor antigen identification. Unfortunately, little is known about the composition, nature and function of TIDCs found in human melanoma. The development of mouse melanoma models has greatly contributed to the molecular understanding of melanoma immunology in mice, but many questions on TIDCs remain unanswered. Here, we discuss current knowledge about melanoma TIDCs in various mouse models with regard to their translational potential and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Klarquist
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH USA
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21
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Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial Watch: Experimental Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:699-716. [PMID: 22934262 PMCID: PMC3429574 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are prototypic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) best known for their ability to activate the innate immune system in response to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide and double-stranded RNA. Accumulating evidence indicates that the function of TLRs is not restricted to the elicitation of innate immune responses against invading pathogens. TLRs have indeed been shown to participate in tissue repair and injury-induced regeneration as well as in adaptive immune responses against cancer. In particular, TLR4 signaling appears to be required for the efficient processing and cross-presentation of cell-associated tumor antigens by dendritic cells, which de facto underlie optimal therapeutic responses to some anticancer drugs. Thus, TLRs constitute prominent therapeutic targets for the activation/intensification of anticancer immune responses. In line with this notion, long-used preparations such as the Coley toxin (a mixture of killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens bacteria) and the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis originally developed as a vaccine against tuberculosis), both of which have been associated with consistent anticancer responses, potently activate TLR2 and TLR4 signaling. Today, besides BCG, only one TLR agonist is FDA-approved for therapeutic use in cancer patients: imiquimod. In this Trial Watch, we will briefly present the role of TLRs in innate and cognate immunity and discuss the progress of clinical studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of experimental TLR agonists as immunostimulatory agents for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
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22
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Abstract
CpG oligonucleotides stimulate via TLR9 and enhance anti-tumor immunity, an effect attributed to the activation of NK and CD8+ T cells. Our recent work demonstrates that CpG ODN also induce monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells to mature into M1 macrophages, further aiding tumor elimination. This provides insight into the mechanism through which CpG promote tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Shirota
- Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA ; Basic Science Program; SAIC-Frederick, Inc.; Frederick, MD USA
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23
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Lucarini V, Melaiu O, Tempora P, D’Amico S, Locatelli F, Fruci D. Dendritic Cells: Behind the Scenes of T-Cell Infiltration into the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:433. [PMID: 33498755 PMCID: PMC7865357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in controlling tumor progression. However, the recruitment and activation of these immune cells at the tumor site are strictly dependent on several factors, including the presence of dendritic cells (DCs), the main orchestrators of the antitumor immune responses. Among the various DC subsets, the role of cDC1s has been demonstrated in several preclinical experimental mouse models. In addition, the high density of tumor-infiltrating cDC1s has been associated with improved survival in many cancer patients. The ability of cDC1s to modulate antitumor activity depends on their interaction with other immune populations, such as NK cells. This evidence has led to the development of new strategies aimed at increasing the abundance and activity of cDC1s in tumors, thus providing attractive new avenues to enhance antitumor immunity for both established and novel anticancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the various subsets of DCs, focusing in particular on the role of cDC1s, their ability to interact with other intratumoral immune cells, and their prognostic significance on solid tumors. Finally, we outline key therapeutic strategies that promote the immunogenic functions of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Patrizia Tempora
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Silvia D’Amico
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
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Kumar V. Going, Toll-like receptors in skin inflammation and inflammatory diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:52-79. [PMID: 33510592 PMCID: PMC7838829 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Ayurvedic physicians knew the concept of inflammation dating back to 1500 BC. The continuous progress in the immunology of inflammation has explained its undiscovered mechanisms. For example, the discovery of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in humans (1997) has revolutionized the field of infection biology and innate immunity. The laboratory mice have shown twelve TLRs and express TLR10 (CD290) as a disrupted pseudogene, and humans have ten functional TLRs. Now, it is well established that TLRs play a significant role in different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Skin inflammation and other associated inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris, and psoriasis, along with many skin cancers are major health problems all over the world. The continuous development in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases has opened the window of opportunity for TLRs in studying their role. Hence, the manuscript explores the role of different TLRs in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation and associated inflammatory diseases. The article starts with the concept of inflammation, its origin, and the impact of TLRs discovery on infection and inflammation biology. The subsequent section describes the burden of skin-associated inflammatory diseases worldwide and the effect of the geographical habitat of people affecting it. The third section explains skin as an immune organ and explains the expression of different TLRs on different skin cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), skin fibroblasts, and melanocytes. The fourth section describes the impact of TLRs on these cells in different skin-inflammatory conditions, including acne vulgaris, AD, psoriasis, and skin cancers. The article also discusses the use of different TLR-based therapeutic approaches as specific to these inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children Health Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
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25
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Harnessing the bioresponsive adhesion of immuno-bioglue for enhanced local immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 263:120380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sosa Cuevas E, Ouaguia L, Mouret S, Charles J, De Fraipont F, Manches O, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Bendriss-Vermare N, Chaperot L, Aspord C. BDCA1 + cDC2s, BDCA2 + pDCs and BDCA3 + cDC1s reveal distinct pathophysiologic features and impact on clinical outcomes in melanoma patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1190. [PMID: 33282290 PMCID: PMC7684973 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dendritic cells play a pivotal but still enigmatic role in the control of tumor development. Composed of specialised subsets (cDC1s, cDC2s, pDCs), DCs are critical in triggering and shaping antitumor immune responses. Yet, tumors exploit plasticity of DCs to subvert their functions and escape from immune control. This challenging controversy prompted us to explore the pathophysiological role of cDCs and pDCs in melanoma, where their precise and coordinated involvement remains to be deciphered. Methods We investigated in melanoma patients the phenotypic and functional features of circulating and tumor‐infiltrating BDCA1+ cDC2s, BDCA2+ pDCs and BDCA3+ cDC1s and assessed their clinical impact. Results Principal component analyses (PCA) based on phenotypic or functional parameters of DC subsets revealed intra‐group clustering, highlighting specific features of DCs in blood and tumor infiltrate of patients compared to healthy donors. DC subsets exhibited perturbed frequencies in the circulation and actively infiltrated the tumor site, while harbouring a higher activation status. Whereas cDC2s and pDCs displayed an altered functionality in response to TLR triggering, circulating and tumor‐infiltrating cDC1s preserved potent competences associated with improved prognosis. Notably, the proportion of circulating cDC1s predicted the clinical outcome of melanoma patients. Conclusion Such understanding uncovers critical and distinct impact of each DC subset on clinical outcomes and unveils fine‐tuning of interconnections between DCs in melanoma. Elucidating the mechanisms of DC subversion by tumors could help designing new therapeutic strategies exploiting the potentialities of these powerful immune players and their cross‐talks, while counteracting their skewing by tumors, to achieve immune control and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Laurissa Ouaguia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- Dermatology clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble F-38043 France
| | - Julie Charles
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,Dermatology clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble F-38043 France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- Medical Unit of Molecular genetic (hereditary diseases and oncology) Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble F-38043 France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ Lyon Lyon 69373 France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ Lyon Lyon 69373 France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble 38000 France.,R&D Laboratory Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Grenoble 38000 France
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Discrepant antitumor efficacies of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes in monotherapy and co-therapy with PD-1 blockade. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105293. [PMID: 33176206 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells to induce humoral and cellular immunity, and are under development for the treatment of multiple cancers. However, the specific differences in antitumor effects among the three CpG ODN classes when administered as a monotherapy or in co-therapy with the anti-PD-1 antibody are unclear. We compared the immunostimulatory effects in vitro and antitumor effects in a CT26 subcutaneous mouse tumor model among the three CpG ODN classes. We found that CpG-A slightly suppressed tumor growth but possessed no synergistic antitumor effects with the anti-PD-1 antibody. CpG-B at low doses significantly inhibited tumor growth and possessed synergistic antitumor effects with the anti-PD-1 antibody. A high dose of CpG-C was required to achieve antitumor effects comparable to those of CpG-B, which was consistent with the immunostimulatory effects in B-cell proliferation and TLR9-NF-κB activation. Importantly, CpG-C in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody inhibited tumor growth more quickly and effectively than CpG-B because CpG-B significantly upregulated PD-L1 expression on multiple host immune cells to promote tumor immune escape. Moreover, co-therapy increased the infiltration of effector memory T cells. In summary, CpG-B and CpG-C with different optimal concentrations possessed strong antitumor effects, while CpG-C was more rapid and effective for co-therapy with the anti-PD-1 antibody.
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28
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van Pul KM, Vuylsteke RJCLM, de Beijer MTA, van de Ven R, van den Tol MP, Stockmann HBAC, de Gruijl TD. Breast cancer-induced immune suppression in the sentinel lymph node is effectively countered by CpG-B in conjunction with inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000761. [PMID: 33046620 PMCID: PMC7552844 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed selectively hampered activation of lymph node-resident (LNR) dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the breast cancer (BrC) sentinel lymph node (SLN) to precede a state of profound T cell anergy. Reactivating these DC subsets by intratumoral delivery of the Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) agonist CpG-B could potentially offer a promising immune therapeutic strategy to combat this immune suppression and prevent disease spread. Unfortunately, CpG-B can limit its own immune stimulatory activity through direct TLR9-mediated activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), pinpointed as a key regulator of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we have investigated whether in vitro exposure to CpG-B, with or without simultaneous inhibition of STAT3 signaling, could overcome immune suppression in BrC SLN. METHODS Immune modulatory effects of CpG-B (CPG7909) with or without the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor (STAT3i) AG490 were assessed in ex vivo cultured BrC SLN-derived single-cell suspensions (N=29). Multiparameter flow cytometric analyses were conducted for DC and T cell subset characterization and assessment of (intracellular) cytokine profiles. T cell reactivity against the BrC-associated antigen Mammaglobin-A was determined by means of interferon-γ ELISPOT assay. RESULTS Although CpG-B alone induced activation of all DC subsets, combined inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway resulted in superior DC maturation (ie, increased CD83 expression), with most profound activation and maturation of LNR DC subsets. Furthermore, combined CpG-B and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition promoted Th1 skewing by counterbalancing the CpG-induced Th2/regulatory T cell response and significantly enhanced Mammaglobin-A specific T cell reactivity. CONCLUSION Ex vivo immune modulation of the SLN by CpG-B and simultaneous JAK2/STAT3 inhibition can effectively overcome BrC-induced immune suppression by preferential activation of LNR DC, ultimately restoring type 1-mediated antitumor immunity, thereby securing a BrC-specific T cell response. These findings provide a clear rationale for clinical exploration of SLN-immune potentiation through local CpG/STAT3i administration in patients with BrC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M van Pul
- Medical Oncology-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC-VUMC location, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC-VUMC location, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique T A de Beijer
- Medical Oncology-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC-VUMC location, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Medical Oncology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC-VUMC location, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Medical Oncology-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC-VUMC location, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Miller AM, Lemke-Miltner CD, Blackwell S, Tomanek-Chalkley A, Gibson-Corely KN, Coleman KL, Weiner GJ, Chan CHF. Intraperitoneal CMP-001: A Novel Immunotherapy for Treating Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1187-1197. [PMID: 32409965 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment options for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary origins are limited. The virus-like particle, CMP-001, composed of the Qβ bacteriophage capsid protein encapsulating a CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide, activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and triggers interferon alpha (IFNα) release, leading to a cascade of anti-tumor immune effects. METHODS To evaluate the ability of CMP-001 to trigger an immune response in patients with PC, peritoneal cells were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with CMP-001. Both IFNα release and percentage of pDC were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry, respectively. To evaluate the anti-tumor response in vivo, murine PC models were generated using mouse cancer cell lines (Panc02 and MC38) in immunocompetent mice treated with intraperitoneal CMP-001 or saline control. Survival was followed, and the immunophenotype of cells in the peritoneal tumor microenvironment was evaluated. RESULTS The pDCs accounted for 1% (range 0.1-3.9%; n = 17) of the isolated peritoneal cells. Ex vivo CMP-001 stimulation of the peritoneal cells released an average of 0.77 ng/ml of IFNα (range, 0-4700 pg/ml; n = 14). The IFNα concentration was proportional to the percentage of pDCs present in the peritoneal cell mixture (r = 0.6; p = 0.037). In murine PC models, intraperitoneal CMP-001 treatment elicited an anti-tumor immune response including an increase in chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1β), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and IL-12), and peritoneal/tumor immune infiltration (CD4+/CD8+ T and natural killer [NK] cells). The CMP-001 treatment improved survival in both the Panc02 (median, 35 vs 28 days) and the MC38 (median: 57 vs 35 days) PC models (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As a novel immunotherapeutic agent, CMP-001 may be effective for treating patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Caitlin D Lemke-Miltner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sue Blackwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ann Tomanek-Chalkley
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corely
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kristen L Coleman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George J Weiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carlos H F Chan
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1824624. [PMID: 31815151 PMCID: PMC6877906 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1824624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the key defense molecules originally identified in Drosophila, Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily members play a fundamental role in detecting invading pathogens or damage and initiating the innate immune system of mammalian cells. The skin, the largest organ of the human body, protects the human body by providing a critical physical and immunological active multilayered barrier against invading pathogens and environmental factors. At the first line of defense, the skin is constantly exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and TLRs, expressed in a cell type-specific manner by various skin cells, serve as key molecules to recognize PAMPs and DAMPs and to initiate downstream innate immune host responses. While TLR-initiated inflammatory responses are necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, aberrant activation of TLRs will exaggerate T cell-mediated autoimmune activation, leading to unwanted inflammation, and the development of several skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetic foot ulcers, fibrotic skin diseases, and skin cancers. Together, TLRs are at the interface between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will describe current understanding of the role of TLRs in skin defense and in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and we will also discuss the development and therapeutic effect of TLR-targeted therapies.
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31
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Wculek SK, Cueto FJ, Mujal AM, Melero I, Krummel MF, Sancho D. Dendritic cells in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:7-24. [PMID: 31467405 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1410] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse group of specialized antigen-presenting cells with key roles in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, there is currently much interest in modulating DC function to improve cancer immunotherapy. Many strategies have been developed to target DCs in cancer, such as the administration of antigens with immunomodulators that mobilize and activate endogenous DCs, as well as the generation of DC-based vaccines. A better understanding of the diversity and functions of DC subsets and of how these are shaped by the tumour microenvironment could lead to improved therapies for cancer. Here we will outline how different DC subsets influence immunity and tolerance in cancer settings and discuss the implications for both established cancer treatments and novel immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Wculek
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cueto
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana M Mujal
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Scheffer HJ, Stam AGM, Geboers B, Vroomen LGPH, Ruarus A, de Bruijn B, van den Tol MP, Kazemier G, Meijerink MR, de Gruijl TD. Irreversible electroporation of locally advanced pancreatic cancer transiently alleviates immune suppression and creates a window for antitumor T cell activation. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1652532. [PMID: 31646081 PMCID: PMC6791414 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1652532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Local tumor ablation through irreversible electroporation (IRE) may offer a novel therapeutic option for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). It may also serve as a means of in vivo vaccination. To obtain evidence of the induction of systemic antitumor immunity following local IRE-mediated ablation, we performed an explorative immune monitoring study. Methods: In ten patients enrolled in a clinical trial exploring the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of percutaneous image-guided IRE in LAPC, we determined the frequency and activation state of lymphocytic and myeloid subsets in pre- and post-treatment peripheral blood samples using flow cytometry. Tumor-specific systemic T cell responses to the pancreatic cancer associated antigen Wilms Tumor (WT)1 were determined after in vitro stimulation in an interferon-y enzyme-linked immunospot assay (Elispot), at baseline and at 2 weeks and 3 months after IRE. Results: Our data showed a transient decrease in systemic regulatory T cells (Treg) and a simultaneous transient increase in activated PD-1+ T cells, consistent with the temporary reduction of tumor-related immune suppression after the IRE procedure. Accordingly, we found post-IRE boosting of a pre-existing WT1 specific T cell response in two out of three patients as well as the de novo induction of these responses in another two patients. There was a trend for these WT1 T cell responses to be related to longer overall survival (p = .055). Conclusions: These findings are consistent with a systemic and tumor-specific immune stimulatory effect of IRE and support the combination of percutaneous IRE with therapeutic immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester J Scheffer
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita G M Stam
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Geboers
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien G P H Vroomen
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alette Ruarus
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beaunelle de Bruijn
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Petrousjka van den Tol
- Departments of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Departments of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Meijerink
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit-Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schleimann MH, Kobberø ML, Vibholm LK, Kjær K, Giron LB, Busman-Sahay K, Chan CN, Nekorchuk M, Schmidt M, Wittig B, Damsgaard TE, Ahlburg P, Hellfritzsch MB, Zuwala K, Rothemejer FH, Olesen R, Schommers P, Klein F, Dweep H, Kossenkov A, Nyengaard JR, Estes JD, Abdel-Mohsen M, Østergaard L, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS, Denton PW. TLR9 agonist MGN1703 enhances B cell differentiation and function in lymph nodes. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:328-340. [PMID: 31300344 PMCID: PMC6642412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TLR9 agonists are being developed as immunotherapy against malignancies and infections. TLR9 is primarily expressed in B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). TLR9 signalling may be critically important for B cell activity in lymph nodes but little is known about the in vivo impact of TLR9 agonism on human lymph node B cells. As a pre-defined sub-study within our clinical trial investigating TLR9 agonist MGN1703 (lefitolimod) treatment in the context of developing HIV cure strategies (NCT02443935), we assessed TLR9 agonist-mediated effects in lymph nodes. Methods Participants received MGN1703 for 24 weeks concurrent with antiretroviral therapy. Seven participants completed the sub-study including lymph node resection at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. A variety of tissue-based immunologic and virologic parameters were assessed. Findings MGN1703 dosing increased B cell differentiation; activated pDCs, NK cells, and T cells; and induced a robust interferon response in lymph nodes. Expression of Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase, an essential regulator of B cell diversification and somatic hypermutation, was highly elevated. During MGN1703 treatment IgG production increased and antibody glycosylation patterns were changed. Interpretation Our data present novel evidence that the TLR9 agonist MGN1703 modulates human lymph node B cells in vivo. These findings warrant further considerations in the development of TLR9 agonists as immunotherapy against cancers and infectious diseases. Fund This work was supported by Aarhus University Research Foundation, the Danish Council for Independent Research and the NovoNordisk Foundation. Mologen AG provided study drug free of charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane H Schleimann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Line K Vibholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kjær
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Leila B Giron
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Chi Ngai Chan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Burghardt Wittig
- Mologen AG, Berlin, Germany; MolBio2Math - Molecular Biology & Integral Biomathics, a non-profit Foundation Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tine E Damsgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Ahlburg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michel B Hellfritzsch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Phillipp Schommers
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harsh Dweep
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paul W Denton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Koster BD, Santegoets SJAM, Harting J, Baars A, van Ham SM, Scheper RJ, Hooijberg E, de Gruijl TD, van den Eertwegh AJM. Autologous tumor cell vaccination combined with systemic CpG-B and IFN-α promotes immune activation and induces clinical responses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a phase II trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1025-1035. [PMID: 30852622 PMCID: PMC6529601 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study the toxicity and efficacy of an irradiated autologous tumor cell vaccine (ATV) co-injected with a class-B CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-B) and GM-CSF, followed by systemic CpG-B and IFN-α administration, were examined in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Methods A single-arm Phase II trial was conducted, in which patients with mRCC were intradermally injected with a minimum of three whole-cell vaccines containing 0.7–1.3 × 107 irradiated autologous tumor cells (ATC), admixed with 1 mg CpG-B and 100 µg GM-CSF, followed by bi-weekly s.c. injections with 8 mg CpG-B and s.c. injections with 6 MU IFN-α three times per week. Results Fifteen patients were treated according to the protocol. Treatment was well tolerated. Objective clinical responses occurred in three patients, including one long-term complete response. Disease stabilization occurred in another three patients. Positive delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to ATC were absent before treatment but present in 13 out of 15 patients during treatment. Immune monitoring revealed activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, non-classical monocytes and up-regulation of both PD-1 and CTLA4 on effector T cells upon treatment. Moreover, a pre-existing ex vivo IFN-γ response to ATC was associated with clinical response. Conclusions ATV combined with systemic CpG-B and IFN-α is tolerable, safe, immunogenic and able to elicit anti-tumor responses in patients with mRCC. Immune activation and treatment-induced up-regulation of PD-1 and CTLA4 on circulating T cells further suggest an added benefit of combining this approach with immune checkpoint blockade [added]
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas D Koster
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J A M Santegoets
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Hippocratespad 21, 2333 ZD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorien Harting
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold Baars
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Departments of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Departments of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Departments of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M van den Eertwegh
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Prospect of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Enhancing Anti-Tumor Immunity of Oncolytic Herpes Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050651. [PMID: 31083559 PMCID: PMC6562787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The major type I interferon-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) surround and infiltrate certain tumors like malignant melanoma, head and neck cancer, and ovarian and breast cancer. The presence of pDC in these tumors is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for the patients as long as these cells are unstimulated. Upon activation by synthetic Toll-like receptor agonists or viruses, however, pDC develop cytotoxic activities. Viruses have the additional advantage to augment cytotoxic activities of pDC via lytic replication in malignant lesions. These effects turn cold tumors into hotspots, recruiting further immune cells to the site of inflammation. Activated pDC contribute to cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens by classical dendritic cells, which induce cytotoxic T-cells in particular in the presence of checkpoint inhibitors. The modification of oncolytic herpes viruses via genetic engineering favorably affects this process through the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, curbing of tumor blood supply, and removal of extracellular barriers for efficient viral spread. Importantly, viral vectors may contribute to stimulation of memory-type adaptive immune responses through presentation of tumor-related neo- and/or self-antigens. Eventually, both replication-competent and replication-deficient herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) may serve as vaccine vectors, which contribute to tumor regression by the stimulation of pDC and other dendritic cells in adjuvant and neo-adjuvant situations.
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Rotman J, Koster BD, Jordanova ES, Heeren AM, de Gruijl TD. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of primary tumor-draining lymph nodes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1681-1688. [PMID: 30944963 PMCID: PMC6805797 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes draining the primary tumor are essential for the initiation of an effective anti-tumor T-cell immune response. However, cancer-derived immune suppressive factors render the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) immune compromised, enabling tumors to invade and metastasize. Unraveling the different mechanisms underlying this immune escape will inform therapeutic intervention strategies to halt tumor spread in early clinical stages. Here, we review our findings from translational studies in melanoma, breast, and cervical cancer and discuss clinical opportunities for local immune modulation of TDLN in each of these indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossie Rotman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas D Koster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Marijne Heeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xu A, Zhang L, Yuan J, Babikr F, Freywald A, Chibbar R, Moser M, Zhang W, Zhang B, Fu Z, Xiang J. TLR9 agonist enhances radiofrequency ablation-induced CTL responses, leading to the potent inhibition of primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:820-832. [PMID: 30467420 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most common approach to thermal ablation for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, its efficacy is limited by incomplete ablation, and further optimization of RFA is required. Here, we demonstrate that incubation at 65 °C triggers more EG7 tumor cell death by necrosis than treatment at 45 °C, and the 65 °C-treated cells are more effective at inducing antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses after injection in mice than the 45 °C-treated ones. Dendritic cells (DCs) that phagocytose 65 °C-treated EG7 cells become mature with upregulated MHCII and CD80 expression and are capable of efficiently inducing effector CTLs in mouse tumor models. RFA (65 °C) therapy of EG7 tumors induces large areas of tumor necrosis and stimulates CTL responses. This leads to complete regression of small (~100 mm3) tumors but fails to suppress the growth of larger (~350 mm3) tumors. The administration of the Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) agonist unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligonucleotide (CpG) to DCs phagocytosing 65 °C-treated EG7 cells enhances the expression of MHCII and CD40 on DCs as well as DC-induced stimulation of CTL responses. Importantly, the intratumoral administration of CpG following RFA also increases the frequencies of tumor-associated immunogenic CD11b-CD11c+CD103+ DC2 and CD11b+F4/80+MHCII+ M1 macrophages and increases CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration, leading to enhanced CD4+ T cell-dependent CTL responses and potent inhibition of primary RFA-treated or distant untreated tumor growth as well as tumor lung metastasis in mice bearing larger tumors. Overall, our data indicate that CpG administration, which enhances RFA-induced CTL responses and ultimately potentiates the inhibition of primary tumor growth and lung metastasis, is a promising strategy for improving RFA treatment, which may assist in optimizing this important cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhang Xu
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingying Yuan
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Fatma Babikr
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Moser
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bing Zhang
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoying Fu
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Yian-An University, Yian-An, China
| | - Jim Xiang
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Chiang CLL, Kandalaft LE. In vivo cancer vaccination: Which dendritic cells to target and how? Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:88-101. [PMID: 30390423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The field of cancer immunotherapy has been revolutionized with the use of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies such as anti-programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Significant clinical benefits are observed in different cancer types with these treatments. While considerable efforts are made in augmenting tumor-specific T cell responses with these therapies, other immunotherapies that actively stimulate endogenous anti-tumor T cells and generating long-term memory have received less attention. Given the high cost of cancer immunotherapies especially with chimeric antigen receptor T cells, not many patients will have access to such treatments. The next-generation of cancer immunotherapy could entail in vivo cancer vaccination to activate both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. This could potentially be achieved via in vivo targeting of dendritic cells which are an indispensable link between the innate and adaptive immunities. Dendritic cells highly expressed toll-like receptors for recognizing and eliminating pathogens. Synthetic toll-like receptors agonists could be synthesized at a low cost and have shown promise in preclinical and clinical trials. As different subsets of human dendritic cells exist in the immune system, activation with different toll-like receptor agonists could exert profound effects on the quality and magnitude of anti-tumor T cell responses. Here, we reviewed the different subsets of human dendritic cells. Using published preclinical and clinical cancers studies available on PubMed, we discussed the use of clinically approved and emerging toll-like receptor agonists to activate dendritic cells in vivo for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we searched www.clinicaltrials.gov and summarized the active cancer trials evaluating toll-like receptor agonists as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne CH-1066, Switzerland; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Smilow Translational Research Center 8th Floor, 186B, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Rotman J, Mom CH, Jordanova ES, de Gruijl TD, Kenter GG. 'DURVIT': a phase-I trial of single low-dose durvalumab (Medi4736) IntraTumourally injected in cervical cancer: safety, toxicity and effect on the primary tumour- and lymph node microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:888. [PMID: 30208866 PMCID: PMC6134598 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment with programmed cell death receptor (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors is a promising strategy to lift tumour-induced immune response suppression. However, the current systemic treatment often causes autoimmune side effects. In more than 50% of squamous cell cervical cancer, PD-L1 expression is detected. Moreover, we observed high and interrelated rates of PD-L1 positive macrophages and regulatory T cells in metastatic lymph nodes of cervical cancer patients. As cervical cancer in general initially metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, local administration of durvalumab (a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor) at an early stage will deliver these antibodies exactly where they are needed, facilitating immune protection. This may result in a clinical benefit while reducing undesirable side effects. Methods DURVIT is a non-randomized, single-arm, open-label, phase I study. Three escalating dose levels of intratumourally (i.t.) injected durvalumab will be tested, i.e. 5, 10 and 20 mg (three patients per dose level, with an additional three at the highest tolerated dose). The primary endpoint of this phase-I study is safety. Immune monitoring will consist of flow cytometric, immunohistochemical and functional T cell reactivity testing. The first patient has been included in this trial in November 2017. Discussion Evidence of safety and biological efficacy of this locally administered checkpoint blockade may expand adjuvant therapy options for cervical cancer patients. Early metastatic spread of cervical cancer cells may thus be controlled in the draining lymph node basin, and beyond, and hopefully delay or even prevent the onset of disease recurrence. Trial registration NTR6119, 1-nov-2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4764-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rotman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), CCA 2.48, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C H Mom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), CCA 2.48, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Amsterdam UMC, Univ(ersity) of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), H4-222, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E S Jordanova
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), CCA 2.48, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T D de Gruijl
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA 2.44, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G G Kenter
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), CCA 2.48, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Univ(ersity) of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), H4-222, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Gynaecology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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40
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van de Loosdrecht AA, van Wetering S, Santegoets SJAM, Singh SK, Eeltink CM, den Hartog Y, Koppes M, Kaspers J, Ossenkoppele GJ, Kruisbeek AM, de Gruijl TD. A novel allogeneic off-the-shelf dendritic cell vaccine for post-remission treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1505-1518. [PMID: 30039426 PMCID: PMC6182404 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients post-remission treatment options are associated with high comorbidity rates and poor survival. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a promising alternative treatment strategy. A novel allogeneic DC vaccine, DCP-001, was developed from an AML-derived cell line that uniquely combines the positive features of allogeneic DC vaccines and expression of multi-leukemia-associated antigens. Here, we present data from a phase I study conducted with DCP-001 in 12 advanced-stage elderly AML patients. Patients enrolled were in complete remission (CR1/CR2) (n = 5) or had smoldering disease (n = 7). All patients were at high risk of relapse and ineligible for post-remission intensification therapies. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design with extension to six patients in the highest dose was performed. Patients received four biweekly intradermal DCP-001 injections at different dose levels (10, 25, and 50 million cells DCP-001) and were monitored for clinical and immunological responses. Primary objectives of the study (feasibility and safety) were achieved with 10/12 patients completing the vaccination program. Treatment was well tolerated. A clear-cut distinction between patients with and without detectable circulating leukemic blasts during the vaccination period was noted. Patients with no circulating blasts showed an unusually prolonged survival [median overall survival 36 months (range 7–63) from the start of vaccination] whereas patients with circulating blasts, died within 6 months. Long-term survival was correlated with maintained T cell levels and induction of multi-functional immune responses. It is concluded that DCP-001 in elderly AML patients is safe, feasible and generates both cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia J A M Santegoets
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Corien M Eeltink
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne den Hartog
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malika Koppes
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn Kaspers
- DCPrime BV, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Improved Induction of Anti-Melanoma T Cells by Adenovirus-5/3 Fiber Modification to Target Human DCs. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030042. [PMID: 30022005 PMCID: PMC6161112 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To mount a strong anti-tumor immune response, non T cell inflamed (cold) tumors may require combination treatment encompassing vaccine strategies preceding checkpoint inhibition. In vivo targeted delivery of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) to dendritic cells (DCs), relying on the natural functions of primary DCs in situ, represents an attractive vaccination strategy. In this study we made use of a full-length MART-1 expressing C/B-chimeric adenoviral vector, consisting of the Ad5 capsid and the Ad3 knob (Ad5/3), which we previously showed to selectively transduce DCs in human skin and lymph nodes. Our data demonstrate that chimeric Ad5/3 vectors encoding TAA, and able to target human DCs in situ, can be used to efficiently induce expansion of functional tumor-specific CD8+ effector T cells, either from a naïve T cell pool or from previously primed T cells residing in the melanoma-draining sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). These data support the use of Ad3-knob containing viruses as vaccine vehicles for in vivo delivery. “Off-the-shelf” DC-targeted Ad vaccines encoding TAA could clearly benefit future immunotherapeutic approaches.
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42
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Koster BD, van den Hout MFCM, Sluijter BJR, Molenkamp BG, Vuylsteke RJCLM, Baars A, van Leeuwen PAM, Scheper RJ, Petrousjka van den Tol M, van den Eertwegh AJM, de Gruijl TD. Local Adjuvant Treatment with Low-Dose CpG-B Offers Durable Protection against Disease Recurrence in Clinical Stage I-II Melanoma: Data from Two Randomized Phase II Trials. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 23:5679-5686. [PMID: 28972083 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although risk of recurrence after surgical removal of clinical stage I-II melanoma is considerable, there is no adjuvant therapy with proven efficacy. Here, we provide clinical evidence that a local conditioning regimen, aimed at immunologic arming of the tumor-draining lymph nodes, may provide durable protection against disease recurrence (median follow-up, 88.8 months).Experimental Design: In two randomized phase II trials, patients, diagnosed with stage I-II melanoma after excision of the primary tumor, received local injections at the primary tumor excision site within 7 days preceding re-excision and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy of either a saline placebo (n = 22) or low-dose CpG type B (CpG-B) with (n = 9) or without (n = 21) low-dose GM-CSF.Results: CpG-B treatment was shown to be safe, to boost locoregional and systemic immunity, to be associated with lower rates of tumor-involved SLN (10% vs. 36% in controls, P = 0.04), and, at a median follow-up of 88.8 months, to profoundly improve recurrence-free survival (P = 0.008), even for patients with histologically confirmed (i.e., pathologic) stage I-II disease (P = 0.02).Conclusions: Potentially offering durable protection, local low-dose CpG-B administration in early-stage melanoma provides an adjuvant treatment option for a large group of patients currently going untreated despite being at considerable risk for disease recurrence. Once validated in a larger randomized phase III trial, this nontoxic immunopotentiating regimen may prove clinically transformative. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5679-86. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas D Koster
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mari F C M van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berbel J R Sluijter
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara G Molenkamp
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J C L M Vuylsteke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold Baars
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A M van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Petrousjka van den Tol
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center - Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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43
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Rodet F, Capuz A, Hara T, van Meel R, Duhamel M, Rose M, Raffo-Romero A, Fournier I, Salzet M. Deciphering molecular consequences of the proprotein convertase 1/3 inhibition in macrophages for application in anti-tumour immunotherapy. J Biotechnol 2018; 282:80-85. [PMID: 29990570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During tumour development, macrophages are recruited to the tumour site and orientated towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Due to their immunosuppressive function, tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) are recognized as major components in tumour progression. Changing these macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype is thus extensively studied as a potential means for developing novel anti-tumour therapy. In this context, we found that the Proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) is a relevant target. Proteomic analysis reveals that PC1/3 knockdown (KD) macrophages present all the characteristic of activated pro-inflammatory macrophages. Moreover, in PC1/3 KD macrophages, TLR4 and TLR9 signaling pathways can be enhanced leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and anti-tumour factors. To develop an efficient anti-tumour immunotherapy, we may (i) target TAMs directly inside the tumour site for PC1/3 inhibition and TLR activation and used them as "Trojan macrophages" or (ii) directly take advantage of PC1/3 inhibited macrophages and use them as "drone macrophages" by activating them "at distance" with a TLR ligand. Therefore, PC1/3 inhibited macrophages constitute an innovative cell therapy to treat tumours efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Rodet
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.
| | - Alice Capuz
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Tsukasa Hara
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Rinaldo van Meel
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Marie Duhamel
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Mélanie Rose
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Antonella Raffo-Romero
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
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Calderon-Gonzalez R, Terán-Navarro H, García I, Marradi M, Salcines-Cuevas D, Yañez-Diaz S, Solis-Angulo A, Frande-Cabanes E, Fariñas MC, Garcia-Castaño A, Gomez-Roman J, Penades S, Rivera F, Freire J, Álvarez-Domínguez C. Gold glyconanoparticles coupled to listeriolysin O 91-99 peptide serve as adjuvant therapy against melanoma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10721-10732. [PMID: 28714508 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-based (DC-based) vaccines are promising immunotherapies for cancer. However, several factors, such as the lack of efficient targeted delivery and the sources and types of DCs, have limited the efficacy of DCs and their clinical potential. We propose an alternative nanotechnology-based vaccine platform with antibacterial prophylactic abilities that uses gold glyconanoparticles coupled to listeriolysin O 91-99 peptide (GNP-LLO91-99), which acts as a novel adjuvant for cancer therapy. GNP-LLO91-99, when used to vaccinate mice, exhibited dual antitumour activities, namely, the inhibition of tumour migration and growth and adjuvant activity for recruiting and activating DCs, including those from melanoma patients. GNP-LLO91-99 nanoparticles caused tumour apoptosis and induced antigen- and melanoma-specific cytotoxic Th1 responses (P ≤ 0.5). We propose this adjuvant nanotherapy for preventing the progression of the first stages of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calderon-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Nanovacunas y vacunas celulares basadas en Listeria y sus aplicaciones en biomedicina, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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45
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46
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Malignant melanoma—The cradle of anti-neoplastic immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 106:25-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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47
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Coati I, Miotto S, Zanetti I, Alaibac M. Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3655-3661. [PMID: 27900049 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Previous studies have demonstrated that PRRs also recognize endogenous molecules, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are derived from damaged cells. PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptors, C-type lectin receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors. To date, 10 TLRs have been identified in humans and each receptor responds to a different ligand. The recognition of PAMPS or DAMPs by TLRs leads to the activation of signaling pathways and cellular responses with subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine release, phagocytosis and antigen presentation. In the human skin, TLRs are expressed by keratinocytes and melanocytes: The main cells from which skin cancers arise. TLRs 1-6 and 9 are expressed in keratinocytes, while TLRs 2-5, 7, 9 and 10 have been identified in melanocytes. It is hypothesized that TLRs may present a target for melanoma therapies. In this review, the involvement of TLRs in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Coati
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Serena Miotto
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Irene Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
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48
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Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell role in cutaneous malignancies. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:3-9. [PMID: 27236509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) correspond to a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, HLA-DR, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2), and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. Through their production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, pDCs provide anti-viral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity by controlling the function of myeloid DCs, lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. While lacking from normal skin, pDCs are usually recruited to the skin in several cutaneous pathologies where they appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious, inflammatory/autoimmune, and neoplastic entities. Among the latter group, pDCs have the potential to induce anti-tumour immunity; however, the complex interaction of pDCs with tumor cells and their micro-environment appears to contribute to immunologic tolerance. In this review, we aim at highlighting the role played by pDCs in cutaneous malignancies with special emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saadeh
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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Talmadge JE. Natural product derived immune-regulatory agents. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 37:5-15. [PMID: 26968760 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We can now declare that the clinical goal of immune intervention as a therapeutic strategy for neoplastic, infectious, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, has been achieved and in many instances obtained regulatory approval. Although, interest in and optimism for this approach has fluctuated, in the last 20years, immunotherapy has progressed from trials with crude microbial mixtures and extracts to the sophisticated use of pure cultured bacterial, synthetized active moieties identified from crude extracts, analogues therefrom and agonists and antagonists identified during screening resulting in reproducible pharmacologically active compounds with multiple mechanisms of action. Our current understanding of the mechanism of action for immunoregulatory agents contributes to the future discovery of improved strategies to use these and future immunotherapies. In this review we have identified and discussed, those drugs that have been approved and or are in clinical development as immunoregulatory agents, emphasizing those derived from or associated with natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Talmadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, United States
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van den Hout MFCM, Sluijter BJR, Santegoets SJAM, van Leeuwen PAM, van den Tol MP, van den Eertwegh AJM, Scheper RJ, de Gruijl TD. Local delivery of CpG-B and GM-CSF induces concerted activation of effector and regulatory T cells in the human melanoma sentinel lymph node. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:405-15. [PMID: 26935057 PMCID: PMC4826413 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired immune effector functions in the melanoma sentinel lymph node (SLN) may allow for early metastatic events. In an effort to determine the optimal way to strengthen immune defenses, 28 clinical stage I-II melanoma patients were randomized in a 3-arm Phase II study to receive, prior to excision and sampling of the SLN, i.d. injections of saline or low-dose CpG-B (CpG), alone or combined with GM-CSF (GM), around the melanoma excision site. We previously described the combined administration of these DC-targeting agents to result in activation and recruitment of potentially cross-presenting BDCA3(+) DCs to the SLN. In this report we describe the effects on effector and regulatory T and NK cell subsets. Local low-dose CpG administration resulted in lower CD4/CD8 ratios, Th1 skewing, increased frequencies of melanoma-specific CD8(+) T cells and possible recruitment of effector NK cells, irrespective of GM co-administration. These immune-potentiating effects were counterbalanced by increased IL-10 production by T cells and significantly higher levels of FoxP3 and CTLA4 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) with correspondingly higher suppressive activity in the SLN. Notably, CpG ± GM-administered patients showed significantly lower numbers of SLN metastases (saline: 4/9, CpG + GM: 1/9, CpG: 0/10, p = 0.04). These findings indicate that i.d. delivery of low-dose CpG ± GM potentially arms the SLN of early-stage melanoma patients against metastatic spread, but that antitumor efficacy may be further boosted by counteracting the collateral activation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari F C M van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berbel J R Sluijter
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J A M Santegoets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room CCA 2.44, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Petrousjka van den Tol
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room CCA 2.44, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room CCA 2.44, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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