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Solidoro R, Centonze A, Miciaccia M, Baldelli OM, Armenise D, Ferorelli S, Perrone MG, Scilimati A. Fluorescent imaging probes for in vivo ovarian cancer targeted detection and surgery. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1800-1866. [PMID: 38367227 DOI: 10.1002/med.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, with a survival rate of approximately 40% at five years from the diagno. The first-line treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery combined with chemotherapy (platinum- and taxane-based drugs). To date, the main prognostic factor is related to the complete surgical resection of tumor lesions, including occult micrometastases. The presence of minimal residual diseases not detected by visual inspection and palpation during surgery significantly increases the risk of disease relapse. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging systems have the potential to improve surgical outcomes. Fluorescent tracers administered to the patient may support surgeons for better real-time visualization of tumor lesions during cytoreductive procedures. In the last decade, consistent with the discovery of an increasing number of ovarian cancer-specific targets, a wide range of fluorescent agents were identified to be employed for intraoperatively detecting ovarian cancer. Here, we present a collection of fluorescent probes designed and developed for fluorescence-guided ovarian cancer surgery. Original articles published between 2011 and November 2022 focusing on fluorescent probes, currently under preclinical and clinical investigation, were searched in PubMed. The keywords used were targeted detection, ovarian cancer, fluorescent probe, near-infrared fluorescence, fluorescence-guided surgery, and intraoperative imaging. All identified papers were English-language full-text papers, and probes were classified based on the location of the biological target: intracellular, membrane, and extracellular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Solidoro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonze
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Baldelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Armenise
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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2
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Altwegg KA, Viswanadhapalli S, Mann M, Chakravarty D, Krishnan S, Liu Z, Liu J, Pratap UP, Ebrahimi B, Sanchez JR, Li X, Ma S, Park BH, Santhamma B, Chen Y, Lai Z, Raj GV, Yuan Y, Zhou D, Sareddy GR, Tekmal RR, McHardy S, Huang THM, Rao MK, Vankayalapati H, Vadlamudi RK. A First-in-Class Inhibitor of ER Coregulator PELP1 Targets ER+ Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3830-3844. [PMID: 35950923 PMCID: PMC9588738 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ER+) breast cancers initially respond to treatment but eventually develop therapy resistance with disease progression. Overexpression of oncogenic ER coregulators, including proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), are implicated in breast cancer progression. The lack of small molecules that inhibits PELP1 represents a major knowledge gap. Here, using a yeast-two-hybrid screen, we identified novel peptide inhibitors of PELP1 (PIP). Biochemical assays demonstrated that one of these peptides, PIP1, directly interacted with PELP1 to block PELP1 oncogenic functions. Computational modeling of PIP1 revealed key residues contributing to its activity and facilitated the development of a small-molecule inhibitor of PELP1, SMIP34, and further analyses confirmed that SMIP34 directly bound to PELP1. In breast cancer cells, SMIP34 reduced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. SMIP34 inhibited proliferation of not only wild-type (WT) but also mutant (MT) ER+ and therapy-resistant breast cancer cells, in part by inducing PELP1 degradation via the proteasome pathway. RNA sequencing analyses showed that SMIP34 treatment altered the expression of genes associated with estrogen response, cell cycle, and apoptosis pathways. In cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts of both WT and MT ER+ breast cancer models, SMIP34 reduced proliferation and significantly suppressed tumor progression. Collectively, these results demonstrate SMIP34 as a first-in-class inhibitor of oncogenic PELP1 signaling in advanced breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Development of a novel inhibitor of oncogenic PELP1 provides potential therapeutic avenues for treating therapy-resistant, advanced ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Monica Mann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | | | - Samaya Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Behnam Ebrahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - John R. Sanchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ben H. Park
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Ganesh V. Raj
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Stan McHardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tim H. -M. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Manjeet K. Rao
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | | | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Audie L. Murphy South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
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PELP1 is overexpressed in lung cancer and promotes tumor cell malignancy and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154065. [PMID: 35969940 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proline, glutamate, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) are involved in several cancers, but little is known about PELP1 in lung cancer. In this study, PELP1 expression was evaluated in 305 lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens to explore the role of PELP1 in lung cancer. After silencing PELP1, the proliferation, migration, invasion of tumor cells, PELP1 in relation to cell cycle and signaling pathways were evaluated, and whole-genome exons were analyzed. PELP1 is overexpressed in lung cancer, PELP1 expression correlated with squamous carcinoma, smoking, and wild-type EGFR status (all Ps<0.001) but associated with lung cancer-specific survival (P > 0.05). Silencing significantly inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05) and promoted high sensitivity of lung cancer cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib. PELP1-silenced cells showed downregulated phosphorylated MAPK, cyclinD1, CDK2, and upregulated RB (P < 0.05) but no change in AKT. In PELP1-silenced lung cancer cells, 140 genes were upregulated, and 143 genes were downregulated. Furthermore, the number of T regulatory cell was higher in lung adenocarcinoma with pelp1 high-expression and pelp1 expression was negatively correlated with CD274 (PDL-1) and CTLA4. Therefore, PELP1 plays an important role in the malignant behavior of NSCLC and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Liu Z, Altwegg KA, Liu J, Weintraub ST, Chen Y, Lai Z, Sareddy GR, Viswanadhapalli S, Vadlamudi RK. Global Genomic and Proteomic Analysis Identified Critical Pathways Modulated by Proto-Oncogene PELP1 in TNBC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040930. [PMID: 35205680 PMCID: PMC8924758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The proto-oncogene PELP1 is commonly overexpressed in many cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we utilized global proteomic and RNA-seq approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PELP1 contributes to the progression of TNBC. Global quantitative proteome analysis revealed that the oncogenic activities of PELP1 involve regulation of the expression of ribosomal proteins, as well as ribosomal regulatory complexes. RNA-seq studies discovered that PELP1 modulates the functions of c-Myc in TNBC, which is a known regulator of ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, TCGA-TNBC data confirmed PELP1 has high expression in TNBC, and this pattern exhibited a positive correlation with c-Myc and regulators of ribosomal proteins. Collectively, our studies suggest that PELP1 contributes to TNBC progression by modulation of ribosome biogenesis pathways. Abstract The PELP1 oncogene is commonly overexpressed in many cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the mechanisms by which PELP1 contributes to TNBC progression are not well understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we generated CRISPR-Cas9 mediated PELP1 knockout TNBC cell lines, and alterations in the proteome were examined using global data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Further mechanistic studies utilized shRNA knockdown, Western blotting, and RNA-seq approaches. TCGA data sets were utilized for determining the status of PELP1 in TNBC patient tumors and for examining its correlation with ribosomal proteins. Global DIA-MS studies revealed that 127 proteins are upregulated while 220 proteins are downregulated upon PELP1-KO. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that the oncogenic activities of PELP1 involve regulation of expression of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal complexes. RNA-seq studies further suggested PELP1 modulates the functions of transcription factor c-Myc in TNBC. TCGA data confirmed PELP1 has high expression in TNBC patient tumors, and this high expression pattern correlates with c-Myc, a regulator of ribosomal proteins. Collectively, our global approach studies suggest that PELP1 contributes to TNBC progression by modulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and ribosome biogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Z.L.); (K.A.A.); (J.L.); (G.R.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kristin A. Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Z.L.); (K.A.A.); (J.L.); (G.R.S.)
- Mays Cancer Canter, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Z.L.); (K.A.A.); (J.L.); (G.R.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Susan T. Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Z.L.); (K.A.A.); (J.L.); (G.R.S.)
- Mays Cancer Canter, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Z.L.); (K.A.A.); (J.L.); (G.R.S.)
- Mays Cancer Canter, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (R.K.V.); Tel.: +1-(210)-567-6244 (S.V.); +1-(210)-567-4921 (R.K.V.)
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Z.L.); (K.A.A.); (J.L.); (G.R.S.)
- Mays Cancer Canter, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (R.K.V.); Tel.: +1-(210)-567-6244 (S.V.); +1-(210)-567-4921 (R.K.V.)
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Zheng J, Zhou Z, Qiu Y, Wang M, Yu H, Wu Z, Wang X, Jiang X. A Pyroptosis-Related Gene Prognostic Index Correlated with Survival and Immune Microenvironment in Glioma. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:17-32. [PMID: 35018108 PMCID: PMC8742621 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis has been well established to be associated with tumorigenesis and tumor immune microenvironment. In this paper, we aimed at the construction of a pyroptosis-related gene prognostic index (PRGPI) for predicting prognosis and guiding individualized immunotherapy in glioma patients. Patients and Methods Pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) were identified based on a detailed review of published literatures. The transcriptome data and clinical information of glioma patients were obtained from CGGA and TCGA databases. PRGPI was constructed by using the multivariate Cox regression method. The immune cell infiltration level was analyzed via CIBERSORT algorithm. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was applied to evaluate the potential response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. The expression patterns of PRGs in PRGPI were validated in cell lines and pathological specimens. Results We identified a total of 31 PRGs. Among them, PRGs (CASP3, DPP9, MAPK8, PELP1 and TOMM20) were selected for the construction of PRGPI. In both training (CGGA693) and validation (CGGA325 and TCGA) cohorts, PRGPI-high patients showed an inferior survival outcome compared with PRGPI-low patients. ROC curves illustrated that the prognostic prediction power of PRGPI was robust. A nomogram was developed based on independent prognostic indicators (PRGPI, age and WHO grade), and also exhibited a strong forecasting ability for overall survival (OS). Additionally, PRGPI-high patients exhibited higher immune, stroma and ESTIMATE scores, lower tumor purity, higher infiltration of M2-type macrophages, lower infiltration of CD8+ T cells and activated NK cells, higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), and higher expression of immune checkpoints. TIDE showed that PRGPI-high group had more responders of ICI therapy than PRGPI-low group. Finally, the expression patterns of five selected PRGs in PRGPI were significantly different between normal and glioma. Conclusion The constructed PRGPI can be used for predicting prognosis and guiding individualized immunotherapy in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Targeting PELP1 Attenuates Angiogenesis and Enhances Chemotherapy Efficiency in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020383. [PMID: 35053547 PMCID: PMC8773490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis is one of the important hallmarks of colorectal cancer as well as other solid tumors. Optimally, anti-angiogenesis therapy could restrain malignant angiogenesis to control tumor expansion. PELP1 is as a scaffolding oncogenic protein in a variety of cancer types, but its involvement in angiogenesis is unknown. In this study, PELP1 was found to be abnormally upregulated and highly coincidental with increased MVD in CRC. Further, treatment with conditioned medium (CM) from PELP1 knockdown CRC cells remarkably arrested the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to those treated with CM from wildtype cells. Mechanistically, the STAT3/VEGFA axis was found to mediate PELP1-induced angiogenetic phenotypes of HUVECs. Moreover, suppression of PELP1 reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo accompanied by inactivation of STAT3/VEGFA pathway. Notably, in vivo, PELP1 suppression could enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, which is caused by the normalization of vessels. Collectively, our findings provide a preclinical proof of concept that targeting PELP1 to decrease STAT3/VEGFA-mediated angiogenesis and improve responses to chemotherapy due to normalization of vessels. Given the newly defined contribution to angiogenesis of PELP1, targeting PELP1 may be a potentially ideal therapeutic strategy for CRC as well as other solid tumors.
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Al-Dossary AA, Tawfik EA, Isichei AC, Sun X, Li J, Alshehri AA, Alomari M, Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Sabit H, Almalik AM. Engineered EV-Mimetic Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Delivery Vehicles for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123075. [PMID: 34203051 PMCID: PMC8234974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we begin with the role of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Then, we narrow our focus on the advantages of using EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of the clinical translation of engineering EV mimetic drug delivery systems and the promising directions of further development. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women. Several obstacles impede the early diagnosis and effective treatment options for ovarian cancer (OC) patients, which most importantly include the development of platinum-drug-resistant strains. Currently, extensive efforts are being put into the development of strategies capable of effectively circumventing the physical and biological barriers present in the peritoneal cavity of metastatic OC patients, representing a late stage of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play a pivotal role in progression of OC and are now being harnessed as a delivery vehicle for cancer chemotherapeutics. However, there are limitations to their clinical application due to current challenges in their preparation techniques. Intriguingly, there is a recent drive towards the use of engineered synthetic EVs for the delivery of chemotherapeutics and RNA interference therapy (RNAi), as they show the promise of overcoming the obstacles in the treatment of OC patients. This review discusses the therapeutic application of EVs in OC and elucidates the potential use of engineered EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics, which would potentially improve clinical outcomes of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Al-Dossary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-333-31137
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Adaugo C. Isichei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almalik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
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Altered Expression of ESR1, ESR2, PELP1 and c-SRC Genes Is Associated with Ovarian Cancer Manifestation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126216. [PMID: 34207568 PMCID: PMC8228770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death due to gynecologic malignancy. Estrogen-related pathways genes, such as estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and their coregulators, proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (SRC) are involved in ovarian cancer induction and development, still they require in-depth study. In our study, tissue samples were obtained from 52 females of Caucasian descent (control group without cancerous evidence (n = 27), including noncancerous benign changes (n = 15), and the ovarian carcinoma (n = 25)). Using quantitative analyses, we investigated ESRs, PELP1, and SRC mRNA expression association with ovarian tumorigenesis. Proteins’ presence and their location were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that PELP1 and SRC expression levels were found to differ in tissues of different sample types. The expression patterns were complex and differed in the case of ovarian cancer patients compared to controls. The most robust protein immunoreactivity was observed for PELP1 and the weakest for ESR1. The expression patterns of analyzed genes represent a potentially interesting target in ovarian cancer biology, especially PELP1. This study suggests that specific estrogen-mediated functions in the ovary and ovary-derived cancer might result from different local interactions of estrogen with their receptors and coregulators.
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Ma C, Miao C, Wang C, Song F, Luo M. PELP1 is a novel oncogene in gastric tumorigenesis and negatively regulated by miR-15 family microRNAs. Cancer Biomark 2020; 26:1-9. [PMID: 31322541 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in East Asia and some South American countries, but its mechanism has not been clarified clearly. Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1), a co-regulatory molecule of estrogen receptor α (ER α), is up-regulated in series of cancers such as endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. However, PELP1's role in GC is still obscure, and its aberrant expression in cancers also remains to be explained. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and Real-time PCR were used to compare the expression level of PELP1 in GC tissues and adjacent tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PELP1 in cell lines. Kaplan-meier analysis and chi-square test were applied to evaluate the potential of PELP1 to function as a cancer biomarker. RNA interference was used to inhibit PELP1 expression in GC cells, followed by detecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Luciferase assay was conducted to validate whether miR-15 family members can directly target PELP1. RESULTS In this study, we validated that PELP1 was significantly up-regulated in GC samples and cell lines. It was also demonstrated that the up-regulation of PELP1 was associated with several clinicopathologic features such as tumor diameter (P< 0.001), serum CEA level (P= 0.034), and lymphatic metastasis (P= 0.0009) of GC patients, and its high expression was correlated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival of the patients. Knockdown of PELP1 remarkably arrested the proliferationï¼ migration and invasion, while promoted apoptosis. We also confirmed that miR-15 family microRNAs, most of which were down-regulated and tumor suppressor in cancers, were posttranscriptional regulators of PELP1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrated that PELP1 was an oncogene of GC associated with patients' prognosis and miR-15 family members contributed to its aberrant expression in cancers.
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10
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Sareddy GR, Pratap UP, Viswanadhapalli S, Venkata PP, Nair BC, Krishnan SR, Zheng S, Gilbert AR, Brenner AJ, Brann DW, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1 promotes glioblastoma progression by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz042. [PMID: 32309805 PMCID: PMC7147719 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly neoplasm of the central nervous system. The molecular mechanisms and players that contribute to GBM development is incompletely understood. Methods The expression of PELP1 in different grades of glioma and normal brain tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry on a tumor tissue array. PELP1 expression in established and primary GBM cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of PELP1 knockdown was studied using cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. Mechanistic studies were conducted using RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assays, and signaling analysis. Mouse orthotopic models were used for preclinical evaluation of PELP1 knock down. Results Nuclear receptor coregulator PELP1 is highly expressed in gliomas compared to normal brain tissues, with the highest expression in GBM. PELP1 expression was elevated in established and patient-derived GBM cell lines compared to normal astrocytes. Knockdown of PELP1 resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, survival, migration, and invasion. Global RNA-sequencing studies demonstrated that PELP1 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PELP1 interacts with and functions as a coactivator of β-catenin. Knockdown of PELP1 resulted in a significant increase in survival of mice implanted with U87 and GBM PDX models. Conclusions PELP1 expression is upregulated in GBM and PELP1 signaling via β-catenin axis contributes to GBM progression. Thus, PELP1 could be a potential target for the development of therapeutic intervention in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Binoj C Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea R Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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11
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Wang L, Li K, Lin X, Yao Z, Wang S, Xiong X, Ning Z, Wang J, Xu X, Jiang Y, Liu D, Chen Y, Zhang D, Zhang H. Metformin induces human esophageal carcinoma cell pyroptosis by targeting the miR-497/PELP1 axis. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:22-31. [PMID: 30771436 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is a major contributing factor to the development of chemo- and radiotherapy resistance. Therefore, activation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) could be an effective alternative against apoptosis-resistant cancers. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that metformin can induce pyroptosis, a non-apoptotic PCD, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a commonly known chemo-refractory cancer, especially at its advanced stages. Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding oncogene and upregulated PELP1 in advanced stages of ESCC is highly associated with cancer progression and patient outcomes. Intriguingly, metformin treatment leads to gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis, which is abrogated by forced expression of PELP1. Mechanistically, metformin induces pyroptosis of ESCC by targeting miR-497/PELP1 axis. Our findings suggest that metformin and any other pyroptosis-inducing reagents could serve as alternative treatments for chemo- and radiotherapy refractory ESCC or other cancers sharing the same pyroptosis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjie Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ditian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China; Research Centre of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Therapeutic utility of natural estrogen receptor beta agonists on ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50002-50014. [PMID: 28654894 PMCID: PMC5564823 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers. Despite success with initial chemotherapy, the majority of patients relapse with an incurable disease. Development of chemotherapy resistance is a major factor for poor long-term survival in ovarian cancer. The biological effects of estrogens are mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Emerging evidence suggests that ovarian cancer cells express ERβ that functions as a tumor suppressor; however, the clinical utility of ERβ agonists in ovarian cancer remains elusive. We tested the utility of two natural ERβ agonists liquiritigenin (Liq), which is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and S-equol, which is isolated from soy isoflavone daidzein, for treating ovarian cancer. Both natural ERβ ligands had significant growth inhibition in cell viability and survival assays, reduced migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Further, ERβ agonists showed tumor suppressive functions in therapy-resistant ovarian cancer model cells and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment. Global RNA-Seq analysis revealed that ERβ agonists modulate several tumor suppressive pathways, including downregulation of the NF-κB pathway. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ERβ interacts with p65 subunit of NF-κB and ERβ overexpression reduced the expression of NF-κB target genes. In xenograft assays, ERβ agonists reduced tumor growth and promoted apoptosis. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that natural ERβ agonists have the potential to significantly inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth by anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic actions, and natural ERβ agonists represent novel therapeutic agents for the management of ovarian cancer.
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13
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Optical imaging of ovarian cancer using a matrix metalloproteinase-3-sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192047. [PMID: 29390034 PMCID: PMC5794152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the seventh most common cancer among women worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for women with EOC is only 30%-50%, which is largely due to the typically late diagnosis of this condition. EOC is difficult to detect in its early stage because of its asymptomatic nature. Recently, near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging has been developed as a potential tool for detecting EOC at the molecular level. In this study, a NIRF-sensitive probe was designed to detect matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in ovarian cancer cells. A cyanine fluorochrome was conjugated to the amino terminus of a peptide substrate with enzymatic specificity for MMP-3. To analyze the novel MMP-3 probe, an in vivo EOC model was established by subcutaneously implanting SKOV3 cells, a serous-type EOC cell line, in mice. This novel MMP-3-sensitive probe specifically reacted with only the active MMP-3 enzyme, resulting in a significantly enhanced NIRF emission intensity. Histological analysis demonstrated that MMP-3 expression and activity were enhanced in the stromal cells surrounding the ovarian cancer cells. These studies establish a molecular imaging reporter for diagnosing early-stage EOC. Additional studies are required to confirm the early-stage activity of MMP-3 in EOC and its diagnostic and prognostic significance.
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14
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Girard BJ, Knutson TP, Kuker B, McDowell L, Schwertfeger KL, Ostrander JH. Cytoplasmic Localization of Proline, Glutamic Acid, Leucine-rich Protein 1 (PELP1) Induces Breast Epithelial Cell Migration through Up-regulation of Inhibitor of κB Kinase ϵ and Inflammatory Cross-talk with Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:339-350. [PMID: 27881676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic localization of proline, glutamic acid, leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is observed in ∼40% of women with invasive breast cancer. In mouse models, PELP1 overexpression in the mammary gland leads to premalignant lesions and eventually mammary tumors. In preliminary clinical studies, cytoplasmic localization of PELP1 was seen in 36% of women at high risk of developing breast cancer. Here, we investigated whether cytoplasmic PELP1 signaling promotes breast cancer initiation in models of immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Global gene expression analysis was performed on HMEC lines expressing vector control, PELP1-wt, or mutant PELP1 in which the nuclear localization sequence was altered, resulting in cytoplasmic localization of PELP1 (PELP1-cyto). Global gene expression analysis identified that PELP1-cyto expression in HMECs induced NF-κB signaling pathways. Western blotting analysis of PELP1-cyto HMECs showed up-regulation of inhibitor of κB kinase ϵ (IKKϵ) and increased phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit RelB. To determine whether secreted factors produced by PELP1-cyto HMECs promote macrophage activation, THP-1 macrophages were treated with HMEC-conditioned medium (CM). PELP1-cyto CM induced changes in THP-1 gene expression as compared with control cell CM. Double conditioned medium (DCM) from the activated THP-1 cells was then applied to HMECs to determine whether paracrine signaling from PELP1-cyto-activated macrophages could in turn promote migration of HMECs. PELP1-cyto DCM induced robust HMEC migration, which was reduced in DCM from PELP1-cyto HMECs expressing IKKϵ shRNA. Our findings suggest that cytoplasmic localization of PELP1 up-regulates pro-tumorigenic IKKϵ and secreted inflammatory signals, which through paracrine macrophage activation regulates the migratory phenotype associated with breast cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- From the Masonic Cancer Center and.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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15
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Wu X, Zhan Y, Li X, Wei J, Santiago L, Daniels G, Deng F, Zhong X, Chiriboga L, Basch R, Xiong S, Dong Y, Zhang X, Lee P. Nuclear TBLR1 as an ER corepressor promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast and ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2351-2360. [PMID: 27822424 PMCID: PMC5088298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ER) play important roles in the development and progression of breast and ovarian cancers. ERs mediate transcriptional regulation through interaction with cofactors and binding to response elements within the regulatory elements of target genes. Here, we examined the expression and function of TBLR1/TBL1XR1, a core component of NCoR (nuclear receptor corepressor) and SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid receptor) corepressor complexes, in breast and ovarian cancers. We found that although TBLR1 is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of normal and neoplastic breast and ovarian cells, it is expressed at significantly higher levels in the nucleus of malignant breast and ovarian cells compared to benign cells. TBLR1 functions as an ER corepressor to inhibit ER-mediated transcriptional activation in both breast and ovarian cell lines, but it has no effect on androgen receptor (AR) mediated transcriptional activation in these cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of nuclear TBLR1 in breast and ovarian cancer cells stimulates cell proliferation. The increased cell proliferation by nuclear TBLR1 is through both ER-independent and ER-dependent mechanisms as evidenced by increased growth in hormone-free medium and estrogen medium, as well as reduced growth with ER knockdown by siRNA. Nuclear TBLR1 overexpression also increased migration and invasion in both breast and ovarian cancer cells. Determining the functional relationship between TBLR1 and ER may provide insights to develop novel treatment strategies and improve response to hormonal therapy in breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Yang Zhan
- Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA
| | - Xin Li
- Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
- Department of NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern School of MedicineChicago, IL
| | - Larion Santiago
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Fangming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Xuelin Zhong
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Ross Basch
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Sheng Xiong
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | - Yan Dong
- Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of MedicineHempstead, New York, NY
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
- Department of NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
- Department of New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY
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16
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PELP1: Structure, biological function and clinical significance. Gene 2016; 585:128-134. [PMID: 26997260 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding protein that functions as a coregulator of several transcription factors and nuclear receptors. Notably, the PELP1 protein has a histone-binding domain, recognizes histone modifications and interacts with several chromatin-modifying complexes. PELP1 serves as a substrate of multitude of kinases, and phosphorylation regulates its functions in various complexes. Further, PELP1 plays essential roles in several pathways including hormonal signaling, cell cycle progression, ribosomal biogenesis, and the DNA damage response. PELP1 expression is upregulated in several cancers, its deregulation contributes to therapy resistance, and it is a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer survival. Recent evidence suggests that PELP1 represents a novel therapeutic target for many hormonal cancers. In this review, we summarized the emerging biological properties and functions of PELP1.
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17
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Zhang Y, Dai J, McNamara KM, Bai B, Shi M, Chan MSM, Liu M, Sasano H, Wang X, Li X, Liu L, Ma Y, Cao S, Xing Y, Zhao B, Song Y, Wang L. Prognostic significance of proline, glutamic acid, leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) in triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study on 129 cases. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:699. [PMID: 26472563 PMCID: PMC4608314 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with an aggressive clinical course due to the lack of therapeutic targets. Therefore, identifying reliable prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for patients with TNBC is required. Proline, glutamic acid, leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a novel steroidal receptor co-regulator, functioning as an oncogene and its expression is maintained in estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancers. PELP1 has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker in hormone-related cancers, including luminal-type breast cancers, but its significance in TNBC has not been studied. Methods PELP1 immunoreactivity was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 129 patients with TNBC. Results were correlated with clinicopathological variables including patient’s age, tumor size, lymph node stage, tumor grade, clinical stage, histological type, Ki-67 LI, as well as clinical outcome of the patients, including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results PELP1 was localized predominantly in the nuclei of carcinoma cells in TNBC. With the exception of a positive correlation between PELP1 protein expression and lymph node stage (p = 0.027), no significant associations between PELP1 protein expression and other clinicopathological variables, including DFS and OS, were found. However, when PELP1 and Ki-67 LI were grouped together, we found that patients in the PELP1/Ki-67 double high group (n = 48) demonstrated significantly reduced DFS (p = 0.005, log rank test) and OS (p = 0.002, log rank test) than others (n = 81). Multivariable analysis supported PELP1/Ki-67 double high expression as an independent prognostic factor in patients with TNBC, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.020 for recurrence (95 % CL, 1.022–3.990; p = 0.043) and of 2.380 for death (95 % CL, 1.138–4.978; p = 0.021). Conclusions We found that evaluating both PELP1 and Ki-67 expression in TNBC could enhance the prognostic sensitivity of the two biomarkers. Therefore, we propose that PELP1/Ki-67 double high expression in tumors is an independent prognostic factor for predicting a poor outcome for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiali Dai
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Keely M McNamara
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Histology and Biology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China.
| | - Mumu Shi
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Monica S M Chan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China. .,Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China.
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shuwen Cao
- Department of Pathology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China.
| | - Yanchun Xing
- Department of Pathology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, China.
| | - Baoshan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yinli Song
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
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18
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Ravindranathan P, Lange CA, Raj GV. Minireview: Deciphering the Cellular Functions of PELP1. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1222-9. [PMID: 26158753 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Ravindranathan
- Department of Urology (P.R., G.V.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology (C.A.L.), University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Carol A Lange
- Department of Urology (P.R., G.V.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology (C.A.L.), University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology (P.R., G.V.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology (C.A.L.), University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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19
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Słowikowski BK, Gałęcki B, Dyszkiewicz W, Jagodziński PP. Increased expression of proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein PELP1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015. [PMID: 26211588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that estrogens are able to enhance lung tumorigenesis by estrogen receptor (ER) pathway. ER signaling is a highly complex process that requires a number of different coactivators, including proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1). We studied PELP1 transcript and protein levels in cancerous and histopathologically unchanged lung tissues obtained from 73 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We observed increased levels of PELP1 transcript (P=0.00001) and protein (P=0.00001) in tumor tissues compared to adjacent histopathologically unchanged tissues. Significant increase of PELP1 transcript/protein level was found in all patients, regardless of gender (males: P=0.0003/P=0.000003; females: P=0.0005/P=0.02), age (≤ 60 patients: P=0.042/P=0.016; >60 patients: P=0.00001/P=0.00001) or histopathological type of tumor (adenocarcinoma [ADC]: P=0.004/P=0.0006; squamous cell carcinoma [SSC]: P=0.0009/P=0.0008). Increased PELP1 transcript/protein levels were also correlated with some lung cancer stage (1a: P=0.07/P=0.02; 1b: P=0.001/P=0.03; 2a: P=0.012/P=0.001), tumor size (T2a: P=0.0006/P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (N0: P=0.0003/P=0.0006; N1: P=0.017/P=0.003). Moreover, significant increase in PELP1 transcript level in cancer stage 1a (P=0.02) was observed. PELP1 protein content was higher in tumor tissues of patients with cancer stage 3a (P=0.04) and in T1a tumor size (P=0.03). Our studies demonstrate significantly higher amounts of PELP1 transcript and protein in tumor tissues in patients with NSCLC. Moreover, we also determined the association of PELP1 transcript and protein level with some clinicopathological features of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gałęcki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 62, Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dyszkiewicz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 62, Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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Cortez V, Samayoa C, Zamora A, Martinez L, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1 overexpression in the mouse mammary gland results in the development of hyperplasia and carcinoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7395-405. [PMID: 25377474 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) coregulator overexpression promotes carcinogenesis and/or progression of endocrine related-cancers in which steroid hormones are powerful mitogenic agents. Recent studies in our laboratory, as well as others, demonstrated that the estrogen receptor coregulator PELP1 is a proto-oncogene. PELP1 interactions with histone demethylase KDM1 play a critical role in its oncogenic functions and PELP1 is a prognostic indicator of decreased survival in patients with breast cancer. However, the in vivo significance of PELP1 deregulation during initiation and progression of breast cancer remains unknown. We generated an inducible, mammary gland-specific PELP1-expressing transgenic (Tg) mouse (MMTVrtTA-TetOPELP1). We found more proliferation, extensive side branching, and precocious differentiation in PELP1-overexpressing mammary glands than in control glands. Aged MMTVrtTA-TetOPELP1 Tg mice had hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes as early as 12 weeks, and ER-positive mammary tumors occurred at a latency of 14 to 16 months. Mechanistic studies revealed that PELP1 deregulation altered expression of a number of known ER target genes involved in cellular proliferation (cyclin D1, CDKs) and morphogenesis (EGFR, MMPs) and such changes facilitated altered mammary gland morphogenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, PELP1 was hyper-phosphorylated at its CDK phosphorylation site, suggesting an autocrine loop involving the CDK-cyclin D1-PELP1 axis in promoting mammary tumorigenesis. Treatment of PELP1 Tg mice with a KDM1 inhibitor significantly reduced PELP1-driven hyperbranching, reversed alterations in cyclin D1 expression levels, and reduced CDK-driven PELP1 phosphorylation. These results further support the hypothesis that PELP1 deregulation has the potential to promote breast tumorigenesis in vivo and represent a novel model for future investigation into molecular mechanisms of PELP1-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Cathy Samayoa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea Zamora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lizatte Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.
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21
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Gonugunta VK, Miao L, Sareddy GR, Ravindranathan P, Vadlamudi R, Raj GV. The social network of PELP1 and its implications in breast and prostate cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:T79-86. [PMID: 24859989 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proline, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a multi-domain scaffold protein that serves as a platform for various protein-protein interactions between steroid receptors (SRs) and signaling factors and cell cycle, transcriptional, cytoskeletal, and epigenetic remodelers. PELP1 is known to be a coregulator of transcription and participates in the nuclear and extranuclear functions of SRs, ribosome biogenesis, and cell cycle progression. The expression and localization of PELP1 are dysregulated in hormonal cancers including breast and prostate cancers. This review focuses on the interactive functions and therapeutic and prognostic significance of PELP1 in breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Gonugunta
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard J8130, Dallas, Texas 75390, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lu Miao
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard J8130, Dallas, Texas 75390, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard J8130, Dallas, Texas 75390, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Preethi Ravindranathan
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard J8130, Dallas, Texas 75390, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard J8130, Dallas, Texas 75390, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard J8130, Dallas, Texas 75390, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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22
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Wen Y, Meng WS. Recent In Vivo Evidences of Particle-Based Delivery of Small-Interfering RNA (siRNA) into Solid Tumors. J Pharm Innov 2014; 9:158-173. [PMID: 25221632 PMCID: PMC4161233 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-014-9183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) is both a powerful tool in research and a promising therapeutic platform to modulate expression of disease-related genes. Malignant tumors are attractive disease targets for nucleic acid-based therapies. siRNA directed against oncogenes, and genes driving metastases or angiogenesis have been evaluated in animal models and in some cases, in humans. The outcomes of these studies indicate that drug delivery is a significant limiting factor. This review provides perspectives on in vivo validated nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems. Results of recent advances in liposomes and polymeric and inorganic formulations illustrate the need for mutually optimized attributes for performance in systemic circulation, tumor interstitial space, plasma membrane, and endosomes. Physiochemical properties conducive to efficient siRNA delivery are summarized and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600, Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Wilson S. Meng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600, Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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23
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Mann M, Zou Y, Chen Y, Brann D, Vadlamudi R. PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing via PRMT6. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:389-400. [PMID: 24447537 PMCID: PMC3943689 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a proto-oncogene that functions as coactivator of the estrogen receptor and is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter survival of breast cancer patients. The dysregulation of PELP1 in breast cancer has been implicated in oncogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Although several aspects of PELP1 have been studied, a complete list of PELP1 target genes remains unknown, and the molecular mechanisms of PELP1 mediated oncogenesis remain elusive. In this study, we have performed a whole genome analysis to profile the PELP1 transcriptome by RNA-sequencing and identified 318 genes as PELP1 regulated genes. Pathway analysis revealed that PELP1 modulates several pathways including the molecular mechanisms of cancer, estrogen signaling, and breast cancer progression. Interestingly, RNA-seq analysis also revealed that PELP1 regulates the expression of several genes involved in alternative splicing. Accordingly, the PELP1 regulated genome includes several uniquely spliced isoforms. Mechanistic studies show that PELP1 binds RNA with a preference to poly-C, co-localizes with the splicing factor SC35 at nuclear speckles, and participates in alternative splicing. Further, PELP1 interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 and modifies PRMT6 functions. Inhibition of PRMT6 reduced PELP1-mediated estrogen receptor activation, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. PELP1 and PRMT6 are co-recruited to estrogen receptor target genes, PELP1 knockdown affects the enrichment of histone H3R2 di-methylation, and PELP1 and PRMT6 coordinate to regulate the alternative splicing of genes involved in cancer. Collectively, our data suggest that PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing leading to the activation of unique pathways that support tumor progression and that the PELP1-PRMT6 axis may be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mann
- The Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Yi Zou
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Yidong Chen
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Darrell Brann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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24
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Kwon M, Lee SJ, Wang Y, Rybak Y, Luna A, Reddy S, Adem A, Beaty BT, Condeelis JS, Libutti SK. Filamin A interacting protein 1-like inhibits WNT signaling and MMP expression to suppress cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:48-60. [PMID: 24327474 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying key mediators of cancer invasion and metastasis is crucial to the development of new and more effective therapies. We previously identified FILamin A Interacting Protein 1-Like (FILIP1L) as an important inhibitor of cell migration and invasion. FILIP1L expression was inversely correlated with the invasive potential of ovarian tumors. In our study, we established an orthotopic ovarian cancer model, wherein FILIP1L expression can be regulated in vivo. Using this model, we observed that expression of FILIP1L in ovarian cancer cells inhibited spontaneous lung metastasis. Experimental lung metastases (established via tail vein injection of cancer cells) as well as the extravasation step of metastasis were not inhibited by FILIP1L, suggesting that FILIP1L inhibits the earlier steps of metastasis such as invasion and intravasation. FILIP1L inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent invasion in vivo. MMP3, -7 and -9 were transcriptionally downregulated, and MMP9 protein expression and activity were inhibited in FILIP1L-expressing tumors. Importantly, overexpression of MMP9 compensated for the anti-invasive activity of FILIP1L. Furthermore, our studies suggest that FILIP1L regulates invasion and metastasis by inhibiting components of the WNT signaling pathway. FILIP1L expression reduced the induction of WNT target genes such as MMP3, -7 and -9, and β-catenin-directed transcriptional activity, suggesting inhibition of the canonical WNT pathway. Nuclear β-catenin, an indicator of an active canonical WNT pathway, was reduced in FILIP1L-expressing tumors. Overall, these findings suggest that FILIP1L reduces β-catenin levels, which may lead to the transcriptional downregulation of WNT target genes such as MMPs, resulting in inhibition of metastasis. Modulation of FILIP1L expression has the potential to be a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
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25
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Girard BJ, Daniel AR, Lange CA, Ostrander JH. PELP1: a review of PELP1 interactions, signaling, and biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:642-651. [PMID: 23933151 PMCID: PMC3844065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proline, glutamic acid, and leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a large multi-domain protein that has been shown to modulate an increasing number of pathways and biological processes. The first reports describing the cloning and characterization of PELP1 showed that it was an estrogen receptor coactivator. PELP1 has now been shown to be a coregulator for a growing number of transcription factors. Furthermore, recent reports have shown that PELP1 is a member of chromatin remodeling complexes. In addition to PELP1 nuclear functions, it has been shown to have cytoplasmic signaling functions as well. In the cytoplasm PELP1 acts as a scaffold molecule and mediates rapid signaling from growth factor and hormone receptors. PELP1 signaling ultimately plays a role in cancer biology by increasing proliferation and metastasis, among other cellular processes. Here we will review (1) the cloning and characterization of PELP1 expression, (2) interacting proteins, (3) PELP1 signaling, and (4) PELP1-mediated biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Girard
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Julie H Ostrander
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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26
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Lin Q, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zheng G. Lipid-based nanoparticles in the systemic delivery of siRNA. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:105-20. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi therapeutics are believed to be the future of personalized medicine and have shown promise in early clinical trials. However, many physiological barriers exist in the systemic delivery of siRNAs to the cytoplasm of targeted cells to perform their function. To overcome these barriers, many siRNA delivery systems have been developed. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles have great potential owing to their biocompatibility and low toxicity in comparison with inorganic nanoparticles and viral systems. This review discusses the hurdles of systemic siRNA delivery and highlights the recent progress made in lipid-based nanoparticles, which are categorized based on their key lipid components, including cationic lipid, lipoprotein, lipidoid, neutral lipid and anionic lipid-based nanoparticles. It is expected that these lipid nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems will have an enabling role for personalized cancer medicine, where siRNA delivery will join forces with genetic profiling of individual patients to achieve the best treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoya Lin
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower 5-363, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Ontario Cancer Institute & Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Peptidomimetic targeting of critical androgen receptor-coregulator interactions in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1923. [PMID: 23715282 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of advanced prostate cancer depends on androgen receptor signalling, however treatment options are limited. Here we report the disruption of specific protein-protein interactions involving LXXLL motifs in androgen receptor-coregulator proteins such as PELP1 using a novel, small molecule peptidomimetic (D2). D2 is stable, non-toxic and efficiently taken up by prostate cancer cells. Importantly, D2 blocks androgen-induced nuclear uptake and genomic activity of the androgen receptor. Furthermore, D2 abrogates androgen-induced proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro with an IC50 of 40 nM, and inhibits tumour growth in a mouse xenograft model. D2 also disrupts androgen receptor-coregulator interactions in ex vivo cultures of primary human prostate tumours. These findings provide evidence that targeting androgen receptor-coregulator interactions using peptidomimetics may be a viable therapeutic approach for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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28
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Bradley A, Zheng H, Ziebarth A, Sakati W, Branham-O'Connor M, Blumer JB, Liu Y, Kistner-Griffin E, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Landen CN, Eblen ST. EDD enhances cell survival and cisplatin resistance and is a therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:1100-9. [PMID: 24379240 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase EDD is overexpressed in recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian cancers, suggesting a role in tumor survival and/or platinum resistance. EDD knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced apoptosis in A2780ip2, OVCAR5 and ES-2 ovarian cancer cells, correlating with loss of the prosurvival protein myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) through a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-independent mechanism. SiRNA to EDD or Mcl-1 induced comparable levels of apoptosis in A2780ip2 and ES-2 cells. Stable overexpression of Mcl-1 protected cells from apoptosis following EDD knockdown, accompanied by a loss of endogenous, but not exogenous, Mcl-1 protein, suggesting that EDD regulated Mcl-1 synthesis. Indeed, EDD knockdown induced a 1.87-fold decrease in Mcl-1 messenger RNA and EDD transfection enhanced murine Mcl-1 promoter-driven luciferase expression 5-fold. To separate EDD survival and potential cisplatin resistance functions, we generated EDD shRNA stable cell lines that could survive initial EDD knockdown and showed that these cells were 4- to 21-fold more sensitive to cisplatin. Moreover, transient EDD overexpression in COS-7 cells was sufficient to promote cisplatin resistance 2.4-fold, dependent upon its E3 ligase activity. In vivo, mouse intraperitoneal ES-2 and A2780ip2 xenograft experiments showed that mice treated with EDD siRNA by nanoliposomal delivery [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophatidylcholine (DOPC)] and cisplatin had significantly less tumor burden than those treated with control siRNA/DOPC alone (ES-2, 77.9% reduction, P = 0.004; A2780ip2, 75.9% reduction, P = 0.042) or control siRNA/DOPC with cisplatin in ES-2 (64.4% reduction, P = 0.035), with a trend in A2780ip2 (60.3% reduction, P = 0.168). These results identify EDD as a dual regulator of cell survival and cisplatin resistance and suggest that EDD is a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Bradley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Significance of PELP1/HDAC2/miR-200 regulatory network in EMT and metastasis of breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:3707-16. [PMID: 23975430 PMCID: PMC3935988 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death among breast cancer patients. PELP1 is a nuclear receptor coregulator that is upregulated during breast cancer progression to metastasis and is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter survival of breast cancer patients. Here, we show that PELP1 modulates expression of metastasis-influencing microRNAs (miRs) to promote cancer metastasis. Whole genome miR array analysis using PELP1 over expressing and under expressing model cells revealed that miR-200a and miR-141 levels inversely correlated with PELP1 expression. Consistent with this, PELP1 knockdown resulted in lower expression of miR-200a target genes ZEB1 and ZEB2. PELP1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared with parental cells in an orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Furthermore, re-introduction of miR-200a and miR-141 mimetics into PELP1 overexpressing cells reversed PELP1 target gene expression, decreased PELP1 driven migration/invasion in vitro, and significantly reduced in vivo metastatic potential in a preclinical model of experimental metastasis. Our results demonstrated that PELP1 binds to miR-200a and miR-141 promoters and regulates their expression by recruiting chromatin modifier HDAC2 as revealed by ChIP, siRNA and HDAC inhibitor assays. Taken together, our results suggest that PELP1 regulates tumor metastasis by controlling the expression and functions of the tumor metastasis suppressors miR-200a and miR-141.
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Sato A, Nagase H, Obinata D, Fujiwara K, Fukuda N, Soma M, Yamaguchi K, Kawata N, Takahashi S. Inhibition of MMP-9 using a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide reduces cell invasion in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1441-6. [PMID: 23969530 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clinical significance of the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, we validated the efficacy of pyrrole imidazole polyamide (PIP) targeting MMP-9 on inhibiting proliferation and invasion of RCC. We evaluated the expression levels of MMP-9 in 249 RCC specimens by immunostaining and analyzed the association between MMP-9 expression levels and cancer-specific survival. Furthermore, in a human RCC cell line, Caki-2, we tested the effect of a couple of PIPs targeting MMP-9 one recognizing an NF-κB binding site (MMP-9-NF-κB PIP) and another for the AP-1 binding site (MMP-9-AP-1 PIP) in the MMP-9 promoter. The expression levels of MMP-9, proliferative activity and invasive capability were tested by quantitative PCR, WST8 assay and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. By immunostaining of the clinical specimens, strong MMP-9 staining was proven to be a significant predictor of poor prognosis for cancer-specific survival (P<0.01). In Caki-2 cells, MMP-9-NF-κB PIP significantly reduced the expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA and inhibited cell invasion, but did not affect the cell proliferation activity. On the other hand, no effect was found in MMP-9-AP-1 PIP on MMP-9 mRNA expression, cell proliferation and invasion. We confirmed the inhibitory effects of MMP-9-NF-κB PIP on the expression of MMP-9 and subsequent invasion of Caki-2 cells. Since it was clearly shown that high MMP-9 expression levels were associated with poor prognosis of RCC, MMP-9 is a potential candidate target for RCC treatment. Transcription therapy using a minor groove binder, such as NF-κB PIP, may be a potential therapeutic agent for RCC, although further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sato
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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31
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Zhong YC, Zhang T, Di W, Li WP. Thrombin promotes epithelial ovarian cancer cell invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Gynecol Oncol 2013; 24:265-72. [PMID: 23875077 PMCID: PMC3714465 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2013.24.3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over-expression of thrombin in ovarian cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role of thrombin in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SKOV3 epithelial ovarian cancer cells. METHODS After thrombin treatment SKOV3 cells were subjected to western blots, reverse-transcription PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify EMT-related proteins, mRNA expression of SMAD2, DKK1, and sFRP1, and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines. Meanwhile, invasion ability was evaluated using transwell assays. RESULTS The results indicated a dose- and time-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin in thrombin-treated SKOV3 cells, compared with the thrombin-free control group (p<0.05). There was a dose- and time-dependent increase in the levels of SMAD2 and DKK1 mRNAs and a decrease in the levels of sFRP1 mRNA in thrombin-treated SKOV3 cells compared to control cells (p<0.05). Thrombin-treated SKOV3 cells exhibited increased secretion of MMP-9, MMP-2, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 and increased invasion compared to untreated cells (p<0.05). Thrombin altered the morphology of SKOV3 cells to a spindle-like phenotype. Addition of hirudin to thrombin-treated cells reversed the effects of thrombin. CONCLUSION Thrombin induced EMT and promoted the invasion of SKOV3 cells, possibly via distinct signaling pathways. Hirudin inhibited the effects of thrombin, suggesting that anticoagulant therapy could be a novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cun Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Aust S, Horak P, Pils D, Pils S, Grimm C, Horvat R, Tong D, Schmid B, Speiser P, Reinthaller A, Polterauer S. The prognostic value of estrogen receptor beta and proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) expression in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:115. [PMID: 23497172 PMCID: PMC3605348 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), a coregulator of the estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta, is a potential proto-oncogene in hormone dependent gynecological malignancies. To better understand the role of PELP1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the protein expression and prognostic significance of PELP1 was evaluated together with ERalpha and ERbeta in EOC tissues. Methods The expression of PELP1, ERalpha, and ERbeta was characterized in tumor tissues of 63 EOC patients. The prognostic value was calculated performing log-rank tests and multivariate Cox-Regression analysis. In a second step, validation analysis in an independent set of 86 serous EOC patients was performed. Results Nuclear PELP1 expression was present in 76.2% of the samples. Prevalence of PELP1 expression in mucinous tumors was significantly lower (37.5%) compared to serous (85.7%) and endometrioid tumors (86.7%). A significant association between PELP1 expression and nuclear ERbeta staining was found (p=0.01). Positive PELP1 expression was associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.004) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.04). The combined expression of ERbeta+/PELP1+ revealed an independent association with better DFS (HR 0.3 [0.1-0.7], p=0.004) and OS (HR 0.3 [0.1-0.7], p=0.005). In the validation set, the combined expression of ERbeta+/PELP1+ was not associated with DFS (HR 0.7 [0.4-1.3], p=0.3) and OS (HR 0.7 [0.3-1.4], p=0.3). Conclusion Positive immunohistochemical staining for the ER coregulator PELP1, alone and in combination with ERbeta, might be of prognostic relevance in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Aust
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecological Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Correction: Therapeutic Targeting of PELP1 Prevents Ovarian Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marzinke MA, Choi CH, Chen L, Shih IM, Chan DW, Zhang H. Proteomic analysis of temporally stimulated ovarian cancer cells for biomarker discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:356-68. [PMID: 23172893 PMCID: PMC3567859 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.019521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
While ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States, there are no biomarkers available that are able to predict therapeutic responses to ovarian malignancies. One major hurdle in the identification of useful biomarkers has been the ability to obtain enough ovarian cancer cells from primary tissues diagnosed in the early stages of serous carcinomas, the most deadly subtype of ovarian tumor. In order to detect ovarian cancer in a state of hyperproliferation, we analyzed the implications of molecular signaling cascades in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 in a temporal manner, using a mass-spectrometry-based proteomics approach. OVCAR3 cells were treated with EGF(1), and the time course of cell progression was monitored based on Akt phosphorylation and growth dynamics. EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was detected at 12 h post-treatment, but an effect on proliferation was not observed until 48 h post-exposure. Growth-stimulated cellular lysates were analyzed for protein profiles between treatment groups and across time points using iTRAQ labeling and mass spectrometry. The protein response to EGF treatment was identified via iTRAQ analysis in EGF-stimulated lysates relative to vehicle-treated specimens across the treatment time course. Validation studies were performed on one of the differentially regulated proteins, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), in human tissue lysates and ovarian tumor tissue sections. Further, tissue microarray analysis was performed to demarcate LAMP-1 expression across different stages of epithelial ovarian cancers. These data support the use of this approach for the efficient identification of tissue-based markers in tumor development related to specific signaling pathways. LAMP-1 is a promising biomarker for studies of the progression of EGF-stimulated ovarian cancers and might be useful in predicting treatment responses involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors or EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Marzinke
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Caitlin H. Choi
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Li Chen
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Daniel W. Chan
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the ‡Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
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Bennani-Baiti IM. Integration of ERα-PELP1-HER2 signaling by LSD1 (KDM1A/AOF2) offers combinatorial therapeutic opportunities to circumventing hormone resistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:112. [PMID: 22992372 PMCID: PMC4053100 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LSD1, an epigenetic modifier, and PELP1, an estrogen receptor co-activator, integrate estrogen receptor ERα and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to promote aromatase expression and hormone resistance in a preclinical model of post-menopausal breast cancer. In the previous issue of Breast Cancer Research, Cortez et al. show, for the first time, that knockdown or drug-mediated inhibition of PELP1 or LSD1 suppresses LSD1-mediated transcriptionally activating histone marks at ERα target genes, inhibits aromatase gene expression, and sensitizes hormone refractory breast cancer cells to tamoxifen or letrozole treatments. The relevance of PELP1-LSD1 signaling to other nuclear hormone receptor-dependent cancers and structural considerations for the selective drug targeting of LSD1 are further discussed in this editorial.
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Wan J, Li X. PELP1/MNAR suppression inhibits proliferation and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2035-42. [PMID: 22992812 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1/modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (ER) (PELP1/MNAR) is a novel nuclear receptor (NR) co-activator that plays an essential role in the actions of ER. Emerging findings suggest that PELP1/MNAR is a novel proto-oncogene, whose expression is deregulated in several hormone-responsive cancers, including endometrial cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that PELP1/MNAR is widely expressed in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. To investigate its possible role in endometrial carcinoma progression, we adopted an RNA interference technology to downregulate PELP1/MNAR expression in Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cells. PELP1/MNAR downregulation substantially reduced cell proliferation, and the cells in which PELP1/MNAR expression was knocked down also exhibited a decreased migration and invasion ability, as shown by Boyden chamber and invasion assays. The results showed that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was also decreased. These results suggest that PELP1/MNAR plays a role in endometrial cancer progression and metastasis, and that PELP1/MNAR may be a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
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Cortez V, Mann M, Tekmal S, Suzuki T, Miyata N, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Vadlamudi RK. Targeting the PELP1-KDM1 axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R108. [PMID: 22812534 PMCID: PMC3680946 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The estrogen receptor (ER) co-regulator proline glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a proto-oncogene that modulates epigenetic changes on ER target gene promoters via interactions with lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (KDM1). In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of targeting the PELP1-KDM1 axis in vivo using liposomal (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine; DOPC) siRNA to downregulate PELP1 expression and KDM1 inhibitors, pargyline and N-((1S)-3-(3-(trans-2-aminocyclopropyl)phenoxy)-1-(benzylcarbamoyl)propyl)benzamide using preclinical models. METHODS Preclinical xenograft models were used to test the efficacy of drugs in vivo. Ki-67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling immunohistochemical analysis of epigenetic markers was performed on tumor tissues. The in vitro effect of PELP1-KDM axis blockers was tested using proliferation, reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation and real-time RT-PCR assays. The efficacy of the KDM1 targeting drugs alone or in combination with letrozole and tamoxifen was tested using therapy-resistant model cells. RESULTS Treatment of ER-positive xenograft-based breast tumors with PELP1-siRNA-DOPC or pargyline reduced tumor volume by 58.6% and 62%, respectively. In a postmenopausal model, in which tumor growth is stimulated solely by local estrogen synthesis, daily pargyline treatment reduced tumor volume by 78%. Immunohistochemical analysis of excised tumors revealed a combined decrease in cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis and upregulation of inhibitory epigenetic modifications. Pharmacological inhibition of KDM1 in vitro increased inhibitory histone mark dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) and decreased histone activation mark acetylation of H3K9 (H3K9Ac) on ER target gene promoters. Combining KDM1 targeting drugs with current endocrine therapies substantially impeded growth and restored sensitivity of therapy-resistant breast cancer cells to treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest inhibition of PELP1-KDM1-mediated histone modifications as a potential therapeutic strategy for blocking breast cancer progression and therapy resistance.
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Yang L, Ravindranathan P, Ramanan M, Kapur P, Hammes SR, Hsieh JT, Raj GV. Central role for PELP1 in nonandrogenic activation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:550-61. [PMID: 22403175 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) to regulate the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in the absence of androgen is poorly understood. Here, we show the predominant estrogen receptor (ER) isoform expressed in PCa specimens and cell lines is ERβ. Our data indicate that E2 induces the formation of a complex between androgen receptor (AR), ERβ, and a proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich cofactor protein 1 (PELP1) in PCa cells. This protein complex is formed on AR's cognate DNA-responsive elements on the promoter in response to E2. Formation of this complex enables the transcription of AR-responsive genes in response to E2. Knockdown of PELP1, AR, or ERβ blocks the assembly of this complex, blocks E2-induced genomic activation of AR-regulated genes, and blocks E2-stimulated proliferation of PCa cells. Overall, this study shows that PELP1 may enable E2-induced AR signaling by forming a protein complex between AR, ERβ, and PELP1 on the DNA, leading to the proliferation of PCa cells in the absence of androgen. PELP1 may bridge the signal between E2 bound to ERβ and AR and thus allow for cross talk between these steroid receptors. These data suggest a novel mechanism of AR activation in the absence of androgens in PCa cells. Our data indicate that disruption of the complex between AR and PELP1 may be a viable therapeutic strategy in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
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Roy S, Chakravarty D, Cortez V, De Mukhopadhyay K, Bandyopadhyay A, Ahn JM, Raj GV, Tekmal RR, Sun L, Vadlamudi RK. Significance of PELP1 in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 10:25-33. [PMID: 22086908 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is a major clinical problem. The molecular basis of breast cancer progression to metastasis remains poorly understood. PELP1 is an estrogen receptor (ER) coregulator that has been implicated as a proto-oncogene whose expression is deregulated in metastatic breast tumors and whose expression is retained in ER-negative tumors. We examined the mechanism and significance of PELP1-mediated signaling in ER-negative breast cancer progression using two ER-negative model cells (MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells) that stably express PELP1-shRNA. These model cells had reduced PELP1 expression (75% of endogenous levels) and exhibited less propensity to proliferate in growth assays in vitro. PELP1 downregulation substantially affected migration of ER-negative cells in Boyden chamber and invasion assays. Using mechanistic studies, we found that PELP1 modulated expression of several genes involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), including MMPs, SNAIL, TWIST, and ZEB. In addition, PELP1 knockdown reduced the in vivo metastatic potential of ER-negative breast cancer cells and significantly reduced lung metastatic nodules in a xenograft assay. These results implicate PELP1 as having a role in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis, reveal novel mechanism of coregulator regulation of metastasis via promoting cell motility/EMT by modulating expression of genes, and suggest PELP1 may be a potential therapeutic target for metastatic ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Roy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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