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Franzolin G, Brundu S, Cojocaru CF, Curatolo A, Ponzo M, Mastrantonio R, Mihara E, Kumanogoh A, Suga H, Takagi J, Tamagnone L, Giraudo E. PlexinB1 Inactivation Reprograms Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment, Inhibiting Breast Cancer Growth and Metastatic Dissemination. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1286-1301. [PMID: 38874583 PMCID: PMC11369622 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Semaphorin-plexin signaling plays a major role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) has been shown to promote tumor growth and metastasis; however, the role of its high-affinity receptor Plexin-B1 (PLXNB1), which is expressed in the TME, is poorly understood. In this study, we directly targeted PLXNB1 in the TME of triple-negative murine breast carcinoma to elucidate its relevance in cancer progression. We found that primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination were strongly reduced in PLXNB1-deficient mice, which showed longer survival. PLXNB1 loss in the TME induced a switch in the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes both in primary tumors and in distant metastases. Moreover, PLXNB1 deficiency promoted a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance of the T-cell population and an antitumor gene signature, with the upregulation of Icos, Perforin-1, Stat3, and Ccl5 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We thus tested the translational relevance of TME reprogramming driven by PLXNB1 inactivation for responsiveness to immunotherapy. Indeed, in the absence of PLXNB1, the efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade was strongly enhanced, efficiently reducing tumor growth and distant metastasis. Consistent with this, pharmacological PLXNB1 blockade by systemic treatment with a specific inhibitor significantly hampered breast cancer growth and enhanced the antitumor activity of the anti-PD-1 treatment in a preclinical model. Altogether, these data indicate that PLXNB1 signaling controls the antitumor immune response in the TME and highlight this receptor as a promising immune therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Franzolin
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Serena Brundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Carina F. Cojocaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Aurora Curatolo
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ponzo
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Roberta Mastrantonio
- Department Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli–IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emiko Mihara
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli–IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Pan F, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhu B, Chen W, Yang Y, Zhu C, Zhao H, Liu X, Xu Y, Xu X, Huo L, Xie L, Wang R, Gu J, Huang G. Chemotherapy-induced high expression of IL23A enhances efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in TNBC by co-activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway of CTLs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14248. [PMID: 38902343 PMCID: PMC11189934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a great challenge in clinical practice. The immune checkpoints are a category of immunosuppressive molecules that cancer could hijack and impede anti-tumor immunity. Targeting immune checkpoints, such as anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy, is a promising therapeutic strategy in TNBC. The efficacy and safety of PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with chemotherapy have been validated in TNBC patients. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy have not been elucidated, causing the TNBC patients that might benefit from this combination regimen not to be well selected. In the present work, we found that IL-23, an immunological cytokine, is significantly upregulated after chemotherapy in TNBC cells and plays a vital role in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), especially in combination with PD-1 mAb. In addition, the combination of IL-23 and PD-1 mAb could synergistically inhibit the expression of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 (PIK3R1), which is a regulatory subunit of PI3K and inhibit p110 activity, and promote phosphorylation of AKT in TNBC-specific CTLs. Our findings might provide a molecular marker that could be used to predict the effects of combination chemotherapy therapy and PD-1 mAb in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pan
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Road 59#, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22#, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Binghan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321#, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yichen Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaofan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Liqun Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Li Xie
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Alwahsh M, Al-Doridee A, Jasim S, Awwad O, Hergenröder R, Hamadneh L. Cytotoxic and molecular differences of anticancer agents on 2D and 3D cell culture. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:721. [PMID: 38829450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and multidrug resistance are regarded as concerns related to poor health outcomes. It was found that the monolayer of 2D cancer cell cultures lacks many important features compared to Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS) or 3D cell cultures which instead have the ability to mimic more closely the in vivo tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to produce 3D cell cultures from different cancer cell lines and to examine the cytotoxic activity of anticancer medications on both 2D and 3D systems, as well as to detect alterations in the expression of certain genes levels. METHOD 3D cell culture was produced using 3D microtissue molds. The cytotoxic activities of colchicine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel were tested on 2D and 3D cell culture systems obtained from different cell lines (A549, H1299, MCF-7, and DU-145). IC50 values were determined by MTT assay. In addition, gene expression levels of PIK3CA, AKT1, and PTEN were evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS Similar cytotoxic activities were observed on both 3D and 2D cell cultures, however, higher concentrations of anticancer medications were needed for the 3D system. For instance, paclitaxel showed an IC50 of 6.234 µM and of 13.87 µM on 2D and 3D H1299 cell cultures, respectively. Gene expression of PIK3CA in H1299 cells also showed a higher fold change in 3D cell culture compared to 2D system upon treatment with doxorubicin. CONCLUSION When compared to 2D cell cultures, the behavior of cells in the 3D system showed to be more resistant to anticancer treatments. Due to their shape, growth pattern, hypoxic core features, interaction between cells, biomarkers synthesis, and resistance to treatment penetration, the MCTS have the advantage of better simulating the in vivo tumor conditions. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that 3D cell cultures may be a more promising model than the traditional 2D system, offering a better understanding of the in vivo molecular changes in response to different potential treatments and multidrug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan.
| | - Amani Al-Doridee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan
| | - Suhair Jasim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan
| | - Oriana Awwad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Roland Hergenröder
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Mei S, Peng S, Vong EG, Zhan J. A dual-functional oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-aPD-L1 scFv armed with PD-L1 inhibitor potentiates its antitumor activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111579. [PMID: 38278066 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data indicate that a substantial portion of cancer patients, though eligible for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, cannot fully benefit from ICI monotherapy due to the poor immunogenicity of tumors and lack of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes within the 'cold' tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to poor antibody penetrance into the TME, systemic delivery of ICIs is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among recipients, some of which are life-threatening. Oncolytic virotherapy is a potentially viable approach to improving the efficacy of ICI therapy because of their ability to selectively replicate and lyse tumor cells, release tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), induce inflammatory response and promote lymphocyte infiltration in tumors. METHODS A recombinant oncolytic adenoviruses (OAd), denoted ZD55-aPD-L1 scFv, which carried the expression cassette for anti-PD-L1 scFv was constructed by molecular cloning. Western blot and ELISA assay were performed to detect aPD-L1 scFv expression. Flow cytometry were used to analyse PD-L1 expression and count tumor cells. Co-culture assay of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with tumor cells in vitro and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing model in vivo were evaluated the antitumor effects of recombinant oncolytic adenoviruses ZD55-aPD-L1 scFv. RESULTS We found that cells infected with recombinant oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-aPD-L1 scFv can effectively express aPD-L1 scFv, which function similarly to its full-length anti-PD-L1 antibody. PBMCs have inherently very limited killing effect on tumor cells even with administration of anti-PD-L1 antibody as observed from our in vitro co-cultures. Treatment consisting of ZD55 alone or ZD55 combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody yielded mediocre antitumor efficacy in subsequent in vitro and in vivo investigations, but were all substantially surpassed by the synergistic antitumor effects observed with ZD55-aPD-L1 scFv treatment. We show that the concomitant direct oncolysis by the recombinant OAd and localized autocrine/paracrine interception of PD-1:PD-L1 checkpoint interaction mediated by ZD55-aPD-L1 scFv-infected cells is exceedingly superior to co-administration of ZD55 and anti-PD-L1 antibody in the human TNBC mice model. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided evidence for the development of novel strategies, in this case an anti-PD-L1 scFv-armed OAd, to bolster immune responses to 'cold' tumors and to improve therapeutic responsiveness to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Mei
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eu Gene Vong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Deipolyi AR, Ward RC, Riaz A, Vogl TJ, Simmons RM, Pieper CC, Bryce Y. Locoregional Therapies for Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024; 222:e2329454. [PMID: 37377360 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive locoregional therapies have a growing role in the multidisciplinary treatment of primary and metastatic breast cancer. Factors contributing to the expanding role of ablation for primary breast cancer include earlier diagnosis, when tumors are small, and increased longevity of patients whose condition precludes surgery. Cryoablation has emerged as the leading ablative modality for primary breast cancer owing to its wide availability, the lack of need for sedation, and the ability to monitor the ablation zone. Emerging evidence suggests that in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer, use of locoregional therapies to eradicate all disease sites may confer a survival advantage. Evidence also suggests that transarterial therapies-including chemoembolization, chemoperfusion, and radioembolization-may be helpful to some patients with advanced liver metastases from breast cancer, such as those with hepatic oligoprogression or those who cannot tolerate systemic therapy. However, the optimal modalities for treatment of oligometastatic and advanced metastatic disease remain unknown. Finally, locoregional therapies may produce tumor antigens that in combination with immunotherapy drive anti-tumor immunity. Although key trials are ongoing, additional prospective studies are needed to establish the inclusion of interventional oncology in societal breast cancer guidelines to support further clinical adoption and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Deipolyi
- Department of Surgery, Interventional Radiology, West Virginia University/Charleston Area Medical Center, 3200 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV 25304
| | - Robert C Ward
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ahsun Riaz
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rache M Simmons
- Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Claus C Pieper
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yolanda Bryce
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Cao LB, Ruan ZL, Yang YL, Zhang NC, Gao C, Cai C, Zhang J, Hu MM, Shu HB. Estrogen receptor α-mediated signaling inhibits type I interferon response to promote breast carcinogenesis. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad047. [PMID: 37442610 PMCID: PMC11066933 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is an important driver and therapeutic target in ∼70% of breast cancers. How ERα drives breast carcinogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we show that ERα is a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) response. Activation of ERα by its natural ligand estradiol inhibits IFN-β-induced transcription of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), whereas ERα deficiency or the stimulation with its antagonist fulvestrant has opposite effects. Mechanistically, ERα induces the expression of the histone 2A variant H2A.Z to restrict the engagement of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex to the promoters of ISGs and also interacts with STAT2 to disrupt the assembly of the ISGF3 complex. These two events mutually lead to the inhibition of ISG transcription induced by type I IFNs. In a xenograft mouse model, fulvestrant enhances the ability of IFN-β to suppress ERα+ breast tumor growth. Consistently, clinical data analysis reveals that ERα+ breast cancer patients with higher levels of ISGs exhibit higher long-term survival rates. Taken together, our findings suggest that ERα inhibits type I IFN response via two distinct mechanisms to promote breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zi-Lun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nian-Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Pigg N, Ward RC. Cryoablation for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review of the Current Landscape and Future Possibilities. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:3086-3100. [PMID: 37596141 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Traditional treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, cryoablation, a minimally invasive technique, has emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. This article aims to provide an overview of cryoablation, focusing on incorporation into practice, patient selection, procedural technique, imaging follow-up, post-treatment radiopathological findings, and current and ongoing research in the field. The current evidence suggests that cryoablation offers a safe and effective treatment option for selected patients, providing comparable oncological outcomes to traditional treatments while minimizing invasiveness and preserving breast aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pigg
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Robert C Ward
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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8
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Li Y, Chen W, Kang Y, Zhen X, Zhou Z, Liu C, Chen S, Huang X, Liu HJ, Koo S, Kong N, Ji X, Xie T, Tao W. Nanosensitizer-mediated augmentation of sonodynamic therapy efficacy and antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6973. [PMID: 37914681 PMCID: PMC10620173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dense stroma of desmoplastic tumor limits nanotherapeutic penetration and hampers the antitumor immune response. Here, we report a denaturation-and-penetration strategy and the use of tin monosulfide nanoparticles (SnSNPs) as nano-sonosensitizers that can overcome the stromal barrier for the management of desmoplastic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SnSNPs possess a narrow bandgap (1.18 eV), allowing for efficient electron (e-)-hole (h+) pair separation to generate reactive oxygen species under US activation. More importantly, SnSNPs display mild photothermal properties that can in situ denature tumor collagen and facilitate deep penetration into the tumor mass upon near-infrared irradiation. This approach significantly enhances sonodynamic therapy (SDT) by SnSNPs and boosts antitumor immunity. In mouse models of malignant TNBC and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the combination of robust SDT and enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration achieves remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance SDT and antitumor immunity using the denaturation-and-penetration strategy, offering a potential combined sono-immunotherapy approach for the cancer nanomedicine field.
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Grants
- This work was supported by US METAvivor Early Career Investigator Award (No. 2018A020560, W.T.), Harvard/Brigham Health & Technology Innovation Fund (No. 2023A004452; W.T.), Department Basic Scientist Grant (No. 2420 BPA075, W.T.), Gillian Reny Stepping Strong Center for Trauma Innovation Breakthrough Innovator Award (No. 113548, W.T.), Nanotechnology Foundation (No. 2022A002721, W.T.), Farokhzad Family Distinguished Chair Foundation (No. 018129, W.T.). W.T. also acknowledges the support from American Heart Association (AHA) Transformational Project Award (No. 23TPA1072337), AHA Collaborative Sciences Award (No. 2018A004190), AHA’s Second Century Early Faculty Independence Award (No. 23SCEFIA1151841), American Lung Association (ALA) Cancer Discovery Award (No. LCD1034625), ALA Courtney Cox Cole Lung Cancer Research Award (No. 2022A017206), Novo Nordisk Validation Award (No. 2023A009607), and the Khoury Innovation Award (No. 2020A003219).
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82122076, N.K.)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81730108 and 81973635, T.X.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yong Kang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyan Zhen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhuoming Zhou
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shuying Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiangang Huang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hai-Jun Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Kim L, Coman M, Pusztai L, Park TS. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Early, Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: Catching Up with the Rest. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:6441-6449. [PMID: 37349612 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite breast cancer being long thought to be "immunologically cold," within early, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), there has been exciting advances with the use of immune checkpoint modulation combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We review the major trials that have investigated combination immunochemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, reviewing both the pathological complete response rates and the maturing data regarding event-free and overall survival. Strategies to deescalate adjuvant therapy in patients with preserving excellent clinical outcome, as well as exploration of combinatorial adjuvant therapies to improve outcome in those with extensive residual are the next-generation challenges. In addition to refinement of existing biomarkers, such as PD-L1, TILs, and tumor mutational burden (TMB), exploration of topics like the microbiome as both a biomarker and a therapeutic has shown promise in other cancer types, which motivates investigating these in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Kim
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Magdalena Coman
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tristen S Park
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Smrekar K, Belyakov A, Jin K. Crosstalk between triple negative breast cancer and microenvironment. Oncotarget 2023; 14:284-293. [PMID: 36999995 PMCID: PMC10064880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, for the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) these therapies have not significantly increased overall survival. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role to develop and control TNBC progression. Many preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing to treat patients with TNBC disease, but the effective therapies are currently not available. Here, we have reviewed recent progress in understanding of TNBC and advance in defining mechanisms of TNBC therapies and potential therapeutic strategies to overcome TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly Smrekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Artem Belyakov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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11
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Licata L, Mariani M, Rossari F, Viale G, Notini G, Naldini MM, Bosi C, Piras M, Dugo M, Bianchini G. Tissue- and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for immunotherapy in breast cancer. Breast 2023; 69:330-341. [PMID: 37003065 PMCID: PMC10070181 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy and now represent the mainstay of treatment for many tumor types, including triple-negative breast cancer and two agnostic registrations. However, despite impressive durable responses suggestive of an even curative potential in some cases, most patients receiving ICIs do not derive a substantial benefit, highlighting the need for more precise patient selection and stratification. The identification of predictive biomarkers of response to ICIs may play a pivotal role in optimizing the therapeutic use of such compounds. In this Review, we describe the current landscape of tissue and blood biomarkers that could serve as predictive factors for ICI treatment in breast cancer. The integration of these biomarkers in a "holistic" perspective aimed at developing comprehensive panels of multiple predictive factors will be a major step forward towards precision immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Licata
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mariani
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rossari
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Viale
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Notini
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Maria Naldini
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Bosi
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Piras
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Insight into the Crosstalk between Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051532. [PMID: 36900322 PMCID: PMC10000400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the world's second most frequent malignancy and the leading cause of mortality among women. All in situ or invasive breast cancer derives from terminal tubulobular units; when the tumor is present only in the ducts or lobules in situ, it is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)/lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). The biggest risk factors are age, mutations in breast cancer genes 1 or 2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2), and dense breast tissue. Current treatments are associated with various side effects, recurrence, and poor quality of life. The critical role of the immune system in breast cancer progression/regression should always be considered. Several immunotherapy techniques for BC have been studied, including tumor-targeted antibodies (bispecific antibodies), adoptive T cell therapy, vaccinations, and immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibodies. In the last decade, significant breakthroughs have been made in breast cancer immunotherapy. This advancement was principally prompted by cancer cells' escape of immune regulation and the tumor's subsequent resistance to traditional therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown potential as a cancer treatment. It is less intrusive, more focused, and less damaging to normal cells and tissues. It entails the employment of a photosensitizer (PS) and a specific wavelength of light to create reactive oxygen species. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that PDT combined with immunotherapy improves the effect of tumor drugs and reduces tumor immune escape, improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Therefore, we objectively evaluate strategies for their limitations and benefits, which are critical to improving outcomes for breast cancer patients. In conclusion, we offer many avenues for further study on tailored immunotherapy, such as oxygen-enhanced PDT and nanoparticles.
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13
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Duro-Sánchez S, Alonso MR, Arribas J. Immunotherapies against HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041069. [PMID: 36831412 PMCID: PMC9954045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. HER2-positive breast cancer, which represents 15-20% of all cases, is characterized by the overexpression of the HER2 receptor. Despite the variety of treatments available for HER2-positive breast cancer, both targeted and untargeted, many patients do not respond to therapy and relapse and eventually metastasize, with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapeutic approaches aim to enhance the antitumor immune response to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. Several immunotherapies have been approved for solid tumors, but their utility for HER2-positive breast cancer has yet to be confirmed. In this review, we examine the different immunotherapeutic strategies being tested in HER2-positive breast cancer, from long-studied cancer vaccines to immune checkpoint blockade, which targets immune checkpoints in both T cells and tumor cells, as well as the promising adoptive cell therapy in various forms. We discuss how some of these new approaches may contribute to the prevention of tumor progression and be used after standard-of-care therapies for resistant HER2-positive breast tumors, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of each. We conclude that immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of HER2-positive tumors, with the potential to completely eradicate tumor cells and prevent the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Duro-Sánchez
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Román Alonso
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical & Translational Research Program, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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14
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Chen X, Yi G, Zhou Y, Hu W, Xi L, Han W, Wang F. Prognostic Biomarker SLCO4A1 Is Correlated with Tumor Immune Infiltration in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4926474. [PMID: 37124063 PMCID: PMC10137198 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4926474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 (SLCO4A1), a member of solute carrier organic anion family, is a key gene regulating bile metabolism, organic anion transport, and ABC transport. However, the association of SLCO4A1 with prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains indistinct. Methods Firstly, we explored the expression level of SLCO4A1 in COAD via GEPIA, Oncomine, and UALCAN databases. Secondly, we used the Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan databases to investigate the effect of SLCO4A1 on prognosis in COAD patients. In addition, the correlation between SLCO4A1 and tumor immune infiltration was studied by using TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results Our results showed that SLCO4A1 was overexpressed in COAD tissues. At the same time, our study showed that high expression of SLCO4A1 was associated with poor overall survival, disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival in COAD patients. The expression level of SLCO4A1 was negatively linked to the infiltrating levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells in COAD. Moreover, the expression of SLCO4A1 was significantly correlated with numerous immune markers in COAD. Conclusions These results indicated that SLCO4A1 could be associated with the prognosis of COAD patients and the levels of tumor immune infiltration. Our study suggested that SLCO4A1 could be a valuable biomarker for evaluating prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gangfeng Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weijun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingyun Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weilan Han
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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15
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Chervoneva I, Peck AR, Sun Y, Yi M, Udhane SS, Langenheim JF, Girondo MA, Jorns JM, Chaudhary LN, Kamaraju S, Bergom C, Flister MJ, Hooke JA, Kovatich AJ, Shriver CD, Hu H, Palazzo JP, Bibbo M, Hyslop T, Nevalainen MT, Pestell RG, Fuchs SY, Mitchell EP, Rui H. High PD-L2 Predicts Early Recurrence of ER-Positive Breast Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2100498. [PMID: 36652667 PMCID: PMC9928763 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is suppressed when programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is bound by PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) or PD-L2. Although PD-1 inhibitors have been approved for triple-negative breast cancer, the lower response rates of 25%-30% in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer will require markers to identify likely responders. The focus of this study was to evaluate whether PD-L2, which has higher affinity than PD-L1 for PD-1, is a predictor of early recurrence in ER+ breast cancer. METHODS PD-L2 protein levels in cancer cells and stromal cells of therapy-naive, localized or locoregional ER+ breast cancers were measured retrospectively by quantitative immunofluorescence histocytometry and correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) in the main study cohort (n = 684) and in an independent validation cohort (n = 273). All patients subsequently received standard-of-care adjuvant therapy without immune checkpoint inhibitors. RESULTS Univariate analysis of the main cohort revealed that high PD-L2 expression in cancer cells was associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6; P = .001), which was validated in an independent cohort (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.8; P = .026) and remained independently predictive after multivariable adjustment for common clinicopathological variables (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9; P < .001). Subanalysis of the ER+ breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 197) revealed that high PD-L2 levels in cancer cells associated with short PFS in univariate (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.4; P = .003) and multivariable analyses (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.9 to 6.2; P < .001). CONCLUSION Up to one third of treatment-naive ER+ breast tumors expressed high PD-L2 levels, which independently predicted poor clinical outcome, with evidence of further elevated risk of progression in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, these data warrant studies to gain a deeper understanding of PD-L2 in the progression of ER+ breast cancer and may provide rationale for immune checkpoint blockade for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy R. Peck
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Misung Yi
- Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sameer S. Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Julie M. Jorns
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Sailaja Kamaraju
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Hooke
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Albert J. Kovatich
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Craig D. Shriver
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hai Hu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, Windber, PA
| | - Juan P. Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marluce Bibbo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Center for Health Equity, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Richard G. Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Serge Y. Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edith P. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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16
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Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Immune Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246034. [PMID: 36551522 PMCID: PMC9776701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2-positive) breast cancer accounts for 15 to 25% of breast cancer cases. Although therapies based on the use of monoclonal anti-HER2 antibodies present clinical benefit for a subtype of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, more than 50% of them are unresponsive to targeted therapies or they eventually relapse. In recent years, reactivation of the adaptive immune system in patients with solid tumors has emerged as a therapeutic option with great potential for clinical benefit. Since the approval of the first treatment directed against HER2 as a therapeutic target, the range of clinical options has expanded greatly, and, in this sense, cellular immunotherapy with T cells relies on the cytotoxicity generated by these cells, which ultimately leads to antitumor activity. Lymphocytic infiltration of tumors encompasses a heterogeneous population of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that exhibits distinct patterns of immune activation and exhaustion. The prevalence and prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts are associated with a favorable prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancers. This review discusses emerging findings that contribute to a better understanding of the role of immune infiltrates in HER2-positive breast cancer. In addition, it summarizes the most recent results in HER2-positive breast cancer immunotherapy and anticipates which therapeutic strategies could be applied in the immediate future.
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17
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de la Cruz-Merino L, Gion M, Cruz J, Alonso-Romero JL, Quiroga V, Moreno F, Andrés R, Santisteban M, Ramos M, Holgado E, Cortés J, López-Miranda E, Cortés A, Henao F, Palazón-Carrión N, Rodriguez LM, Ceballos I, Soto A, Puertes A, Casas M, Benito S, Chiesa M, Bezares S, Caballero R, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Sánchez-Margalet V, Rojo F. Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine for patients with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: GEICAM/2015-04 (PANGEA-Breast) study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1258. [PMID: 36463104 PMCID: PMC9719636 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated a new chemoimmunotherapy combination based on the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab and the pyrimidine antimetabolite gemcitabine in HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients previously treated in the advanced setting, in order to explore a potential synergism that could eventually obtain long term benefit in these patients. METHODS HER2-negative ABC patients received 21-day cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg (day 1) and gemcitabine (days 1 and 8). A run-in-phase (6 + 6 design) was planned with two dose levels (DL) of gemcitabine (1,250 mg/m2 [DL0]; 1,000 mg/m2 [DL1]) to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The primary objective was objective response rate (ORR). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density and PD-L1 expression in tumors and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) levels in peripheral blood were analyzed. RESULTS Fourteen patients were treated with DL0, resulting in RP2D. Thirty-six patients were evaluated during the first stage of Simon's design. Recruitment was stopped as statistical assumptions were not met. The median age was 52; 21 (58%) patients had triple-negative disease, 28 (78%) visceral involvement, and 27 (75%) ≥ 2 metastatic locations. Progression disease was observed in 29 patients. ORR was 15% (95% CI, 5-32). Eight patients were treated ≥ 6 months before progression. Fourteen patients reported grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events. Due to the small sample size, we did not find any clear association between immune tumor biomarkers and treatment efficacy that could identify a subgroup with higher probability of response or better survival. However, patients that experienced a clinical benefit showed decreased MDSCs levels in peripheral blood along the treatment. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab 200 mg and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 were considered as RP2D. The objective of ORR was not met; however, 22% patients were on treatment for ≥ 6 months. ABC patients that could benefit of chemoimmunotherapy strategies must be carefully selected by robust and validated biomarkers. In our heavily pretreated population, TILs, PD-L1 expression and MDSCs levels could not identify a subgroup of patients for whom the combination of gemcitabine and pembrolizumab would induce long term benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov and EudraCT (NCT03025880 and 2016-001,779-54, respectively). Registration dates: 20/01/2017 and 18/11/2016, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. de la Cruz-Merino
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medicine Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Dr. Fedriani St, No. 3, Seville, 41009 Spain ,grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Gion
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Cruz
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411220.40000 0000 9826 9219Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - JL. Alonso-Romero
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411372.20000 0001 0534 3000Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - V. Quiroga
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Department of Medical Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO Group), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - F. Moreno
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411068.a0000 0001 0671 5785Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Andrés
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411050.10000 0004 1767 4212Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Saragossa, Spain
| | - M. Santisteban
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411730.00000 0001 2191 685XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain ,grid.508840.10000 0004 7662 6114IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M. Ramos
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.418394.3Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - E. Holgado
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.414808.10000 0004 1772 3571Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Quironsalud, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Cortés
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quiron Group, Barcelona and Madrid, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.119375.80000000121738416Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. López-Miranda
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Cortés
- grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Henao
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medicine Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Dr. Fedriani St, No. 3, Seville, 41009 Spain ,grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Palazón-Carrión
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medicine Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Dr. Fedriani St, No. 3, Seville, 41009 Spain ,grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. M. Rodriguez
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411220.40000 0000 9826 9219Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - I. Ceballos
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.411220.40000 0000 9826 9219Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A. Soto
- grid.411372.20000 0001 0534 3000Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - A. Puertes
- grid.411372.20000 0001 0534 3000Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Casas
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Benito
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Chiesa
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Bezares
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Caballero
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Jiménez-Cortegana
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - V. Sánchez-Margalet
- grid.411375.50000 0004 1768 164XMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - F. Rojo
- grid.430580.aGEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain ,grid.419651.e0000 0000 9538 1950Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,CIBERONC-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Qi Y, Yan X, Wang C, Cao H, Liu G. Predictive value of PD-L1 expression to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004821. [PMID: 36532783 PMCID: PMC9755205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been an emerging treatment strategy for advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Some studies have shown that high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can achieve a better response of clinical efficacy. However, the efficacy of ICIs in advanced TNBC remains controversial. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the correlation of PD-L1 expression with the efficacy of ICIs in patients with advanced TNBC. Methods: We conducted a systematic search using four databases until March 2022 to obtain eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The quality of the studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Hazard ratio (HR) was extracted to evaluate the relationship between PD-L1 expression and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced TNBC. Results: Five randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with 3104 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that ICIs could significantly improve the OS (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.98, p = 0.03) in PD-L1 positive TNBC group. In the subgroup analysis, longer OS was observed (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82, p = 0.00001) in PD-L1 positive TNBC patients receiving ICIs alone or ICIs combined with nab-paclitaxel. In terms of PFS, PFS was significantly improved (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58-0.79, p < 0.00001) in PD-L1 positive patients receiving first-line ICIs and chemotherapy compared to those with ICIs alone. No significant improvement was observed for OS or PFS in PD-L1 negative group. Conclusion: Our study indicated significant improvement for OS in advanced TNBC with ICIs therapy in the PD-L1 positive status, and ICIs alone or ICIs combined with nab-paclitaxel might be a excellent choice in terms of OS. Although PFS has no significant benefit in PD-L1 positive patients, the subgroup analysis showed that ICIs combined with chemotherapy could achieve the PFS benefit in the first-line treatment. However, further clinical studies are needed to validate our conclusions due to limited relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Drug Control, Liaoning Inspection, Examination and Certification Centre, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangxuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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19
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Kudelova E, Smolar M, Holubekova V, Hornakova A, Dvorska D, Lucansky V, Koklesova L, Kudela E, Kubatka P. Genetic Heterogeneity, Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314937. [PMID: 36499265 PMCID: PMC9735793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer is well known at clinical, histopathological, and molecular levels. Genomic instability and greater mutation rates, which may result in the creation of neoantigens and enhanced immunogenicity, are additional characteristics of this breast cancer type. Clinical outcome is poor due to early age of onset, high metastatic potential, and increased likelihood of distant recurrence. Consequently, efforts to elucidate molecular mechanisms of breast cancer development, progression, and metastatic spread have been initiated to improve treatment options and improve outcomes for these patients. The extremely complex and heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment is made up of several cell types and commonly possesses disorganized gene expression. Altered signaling pathways are mainly associated with mutated genes including p53, PIK3CA, and MAPK, and which are positively correlated with genes regulating immune response. Of note, particular immunity-associated genes could be used in prognostic indexes to assess the most effective management. Recent findings highlight the fact that long non-coding RNAs also play an important role in shaping tumor microenvironment formation, and can mediate tumor immune evasion. Identification of molecular signatures, through the use of multi-omics approaches, and effector pathways that drive early stages of the carcinogenic process are important steps in developing new strategies for targeted cancer treatment and prevention. Advances in immunotherapy by remodeling the host immune system to eradicate tumor cells have great promise to lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Current research is focused on combining immune checkpoint inhibition with chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, cancer vaccines, or natural killer cell therapy. Targeted therapies may improve therapeutic response, eliminate therapeutic resistance, and improve overall patient survival. In the future, these evolving advancements should be implemented for personalized medicine and state-of-art management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kudelova
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Smolar
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Hornakova
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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20
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Liu T, Liu C, Yan M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xiao M, Li Z, Wei X, Zhang H. Single cell profiling of primary and paired metastatic lymph node tumors in breast cancer patients. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6823. [PMID: 36357424 PMCID: PMC9649678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of lymph node metastasized tumors (LNMT) determines tumor progression and response to therapy, but a systematic study of LNMT is lacking. Here, we generate single-cell maps of primary tumors (PTs) and paired LNMTs in 8 breast cancer patients. We demonstrate that the activation, cytotoxicity, and proliferation of T cells are suppressed in LNMT compared with PT. CD4+CXCL13+ T cells in LNMT are more likely to differentiate into an exhausted state. Interestingly, LAMP3+ dendritic cells in LNMT display lower T cell priming and activating ability than in PT. Additionally, we identify a subtype of PLA2G2A+ cancer-associated fibroblasts enriched in HER2+ breast cancer patients that promotes immune infiltration. We also show that the antigen-presentation pathway is downregulated in malignant cells of the metastatic lymph node. Altogether, we characterize the microenvironment of LNMT and PT, which may shed light on the individualized therapeutic strategies for breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Meisi Yan
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Min Xiao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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21
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Baraya YS, Wee CL, Mustapha Z, Wong KK, Yaacob NS. Strobilanthes crispus elicits anti-tumor immunogenicity in in vitro and in vivo metastatic breast carcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271203. [PMID: 35972917 PMCID: PMC9380931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based anticancer agents have the potential to stimulate the immune system to act against cancer cells. A standardized bioactive subfraction of the Malaysian herb, Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume (S. crispus) termed F3, demonstrates strong anticancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. The anticancer effects might be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties as S. crispus has been traditionally used to enhance the immune system. The current study examined whether F3 could stimulate anti-tumorigenic immunogenicity against 4T1 cells in vitro and in 4T1 cell-induced mammary carcinoma mouse model. We observed that F3 induced significant increase in MHC class I and class II molecules. CD4+, CD8+ and IL-2+ (p<0.05 for all) cells infiltration was also significantly increased in the breast tumor microenvironment of F3-treated mice compared with the tumors of untreated mice. The number of CD68+ macrophages was significantly lower in F3-treated mice. We conclude that the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of S. crispus involve strong infiltration of T cells in breast cancer potentially through increased tumor antigen presentation via MHC proteins, as well as reduction of infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha’u Shu’aibu Baraya
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Chee Lee Wee
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnain Mustapha
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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22
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Davodabadi F, Sarhadi M, Arabpour J, Sargazi S, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Breast cancer vaccines: New insights into immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic approaches. J Control Release 2022; 349:844-875. [PMID: 35908621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is known to be a highly heterogeneous disease that is clinically subdivided into four primary molecular subtypes, each having distinct morphology and clinical implications. These subtypes are principally defined by hormone receptors and other proteins involved (or not involved) in BC development. BC therapeutic vaccines [including peptide-based vaccines, protein-based vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA/RNA vaccines), bacterial/viral-based vaccines, and different immune cell-based vaccines] have emerged as an appealing class of cancer immunotherapeutics when used alone or combined with other immunotherapies. Employing the immune system to eliminate BC cells is a novel therapeutic modality. The benefit of active immunotherapies is that they develop protection against neoplastic tissue and readjust the immune system to an anti-tumor monitoring state. Such immunovaccines have not yet shown effectiveness for BC treatment in clinical trials. In recent years, nanomedicines have opened new windows to increase the effectiveness of vaccinations to treat BC. In this context, some nanoplatforms have been designed to efficiently deliver molecular, cellular, or subcellular vaccines to BC cells, increasing the efficacy and persistence of anti-tumor immunity while minimizing undesirable side effects. Immunostimulatory nano-adjuvants, liposomal-based vaccines, polymeric vaccines, virus-like particles, lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles, chitosan-derived nanostructures, porous silicon microparticles, and selenium nanoparticles are among the newly designed nanostructures that have been used to facilitate antigen internalization and presentation by antigen-presenting cells, increase antigen stability, enhance vaccine antigenicity and remedial effectivity, promote antigen escape from the endosome, improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and produce humoral immune responses in BC cells. Here, we summarized the existing subtypes of BC and shed light on immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic strategies for BC vaccination. Finally, we reviewed ongoing clinical trials on BC vaccination and highlighted near-term opportunities for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Agostinetto E, Montemurro F, Puglisi F, Criscitiello C, Bianchini G, Del Mastro L, Introna M, Tondini C, Santoro A, Zambelli A. Immunotherapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2136. [PMID: 35565264 PMCID: PMC9105460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, and HER2-positive breast cancer accounts for approximately 15% of all breast cancer diagnoses. The advent of HER2-targeting therapies has dramatically improved the survival of these patients, significantly reducing their risk of recurrence and death. However, as a significant proportion of patients ultimately develop resistance to these therapies, it is extremely important to identify new treatments to further improve their clinical outcomes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment and history of several cancer types, and it has already been approved as a standard of care for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Based on a strong preclinical rationale, immunotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer represents an intriguing field that is currently under clinical investigation. There is a close interplay between HER2-targeting therapies (both approved and under investigation) and the immune system, and several new immunotherapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells and therapeutic vaccines, are being studied in this disease. In this narrative review, we discuss the clinical evidence and the future perspectives of immunotherapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Agostinetto
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, L’Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Montemurro
- Direzione Breast Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Del Mastro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Clinica di Oncologia Medica, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Medica, Università di Genova, 16124 Genova, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare “G. Lanzani”, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 27100 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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24
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Zhang H, Xie W, Zhang Y, Dong X, Liu C, Yi J, Zhang S, Wen C, Zheng L, Wang H. Oncolytic adenoviruses synergistically enhance anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy by modulating the tumour microenvironment in a 4T1 orthotopic mouse model. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:456-465. [PMID: 34561555 PMCID: PMC9113929 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still lacking. Clinical data suggest that a large number of TNBC patients cannot benefit from single immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment due to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Therefore, combination immunotherapy is an alternative approach to overcome this limitation. In this article, we combined two kinds of oncolytic adenoviruses with ICIs to treat TNBC in an orthotopic mouse model. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry as well as multiplex immunofluorescence were used to analyse the TME. The immunophenotype of the peripheral blood and spleen was detected by using flow cytometry. Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated immune activity in a coculture system of lytic supernatant and splenocytes supported the study of the mechanism of combination therapy in vitro. Our results showed that the combination of oncolytic adenoviruses with anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) (aPC) can significantly inhibit tumour growth and prolong survival in a TNBC model. The combination therapy synergistically enhanced the antitumour effect by recruiting CD8+ T and T memory cells, reducing the number of regulatory T cells and tumour-associated macrophages, and promoting the polarization of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype to regulate the TME. The rAd.GM regimen performed better than the rAd.Null treatment. Furthermore, aPC efficiently blocked oncolytic virus-induced upregulation of PD-L1 and CTLA-4. These findings indicate that oncolytic adenoviruses can reprogramme the immunosuppressive TME, while ICIs can prevent immune escape after oncolytic virus therapy by reducing the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Our results provide a mutually reinforcing strategy for clinical combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Xie
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Dong
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science & Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumours of Zhejiang Province, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang PR China
| | - Chunkai Wen
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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25
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Rahman MM, Hossain MT, Reza MS, Peng Y, Feng S, Wei Y. Identification of Potential Long Non-Coding RNA Candidates that Contribute to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Humans through Computational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12359. [PMID: 34830241 PMCID: PMC8619140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy identified in adult females, resulting in enormous financial losses worldwide. Owing to the heterogeneity as well as various molecular subtypes, the molecular pathways underlying carcinogenesis in various forms of BC are distinct. Therefore, the advancement of alternative therapy is required to combat the ailment. Recent analyses propose that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform an essential function in controlling immune response, and therefore, may provide essential information about the disorder. However, their function in patients with triple-negative BC (TNBC) has not been explored in detail. Here, we analyzed the changes in the genomic expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and lncRNA in standard control in response to cancer metastasis using publicly available single-cell RNA-Seq data. We identified a total of 197 potentially novel lncRNAs in TNBC patients of which 86 were differentially upregulated and 111 were differentially downregulated. In addition, among the 909 candidate lncRNA transcripts, 19 were significantly differentially expressed (DE) of which three were upregulated and 16 were downregulated. On the other hand, 1901 mRNA transcripts were significantly DE of which 1110 were upregulated and 791 were downregulated by TNBCs subtypes. The Gene Ontology (GO) analyses showed that some of the host genes were enriched in various biological, molecular, and cellular functions. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that some of the genes were involved in only one pathway of prostate cancer. The lncRNA-miRNA-gene network analysis showed that the lncRNAs TCONS_00076394 and TCONS_00051377 interacted with breast cancer-related micro RNAs (miRNAs) and the host genes of these lncRNAs were also functionally related to breast cancer. Thus, this study provides novel lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for the therapeutic intervention of this cancer subtype.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Computational Biology/methods
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Ontology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- MicroRNAs/classification
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- RNA, Long Noncoding/classification
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/classification
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/classification
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Motiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Vestal, New York, NY 13902, USA
| | - Md. Tofazzal Hossain
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; (T.H.); (S.R.)
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Department of Statistics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahaman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Selim Reza
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; (T.H.); (S.R.)
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Yin Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Shengzhong Feng
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Yanjie Wei
- Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
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26
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Zhou D, Jiang K, Hong R, Lu Q, Xia W, Li M, Zheng C, Zheng Q, Xu F, Wang S. Distribution Characteristics and Prognostic Value of Immune Infiltration in Oligometastatic Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747012. [PMID: 34858823 PMCID: PMC8632540 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the distribution characteristics and the prognostic value of immune infiltration in female oligometastatic breast cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC) patients diagnosed between June 2000 and January 2020. Immune markers were quantified by immunohistochemistry on FFPE tissues in paired normal breast tissues, primary breast cancers and oligometastatic lesions. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 95 female OMBC patients visited Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between June 2000 and January 2020, and 33 of them had matched normal breast tissues, primary cancers and oligometastatic lesions and were reviewed in immune infiltration analysis. CD8 of primary tumors had a higher expression than that in matched normal tissues. The expressions of CD8 and FOXP3 were higher in the primary sites than that in the oligometastatic lesions. CD3, CD4 and CD8 were significantly lower in the intratumoral regions than that in the peritumoral regions both in primary and oligometastatic lesions. Notably, the high percentage of CD3 in the intratumoral oligometastatic lesions predicted the longer PFS and OS, and higher CD4 in the same lesions also predicted a better OS. There was obviously positive correlation between CD4/CD3 and Ki-67 in primary cancers and negative correlation between CD4/CD3 and ER in oligometastatic sites. CONCLUSION We explored immune distribution and evolution in time and space in OMBC to provide new understandings for biological behaviors of this disease and further divided patients in different prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuikui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Bianchini G, De Angelis C, Licata L, Gianni L. Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer - expanded options, evolving needs. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 19:91-113. [PMID: 34754128 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity and a long-standing paucity of effective therapies other than chemotherapy have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the subtype with the least favourable outcomes. In the past few years, advances in omics technologies have shed light on the relevance of the TNBC microenvironment heterogeneity, unveiling a close dynamic relationship with cancer cell features. An improved understanding of tumour-immune system co-evolution supports the need to adopt a more comprehensive view of TNBC as an ecosystem that encompasses the intrinsic and extrinsic features of cancer cells. This new appreciation of the biology of TNBC has already led to the development of novel targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which are revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape and providing new opportunities both for patients with early-stage TNBC and for those with advanced-stage disease. The current therapeutic scenario is only the tip of the iceberg, as hundreds of new compounds and combinations are in development. The translation of these experimental therapies into clinical benefit is a welcome and ongoing challenge. In this Review, we describe the current and upcoming therapeutic landscape of TNBC and discuss how an integrated view of the TNBC ecosystem can define different levels of risk and provide improved opportunities for tailoring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Laster and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luca Licata
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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28
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Zhang W, Kong X, Ai B, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang N, Zheng S, Fang Y, Wang J. Research Progresses in Immunological Checkpoint Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:582664. [PMID: 34631507 PMCID: PMC8495193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.582664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune escape refers to the phenomenon in which tumor cells escape the recognition and attack of the body’s immune system through various mechanisms so that they can survive and proliferate in vivo. The imbalance of immune checkpoint protein expression is the primary mechanism for breast cancer to achieve immune escape. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoints for breast cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoint and relieve its inhibition effect on immune cells, reactivate T-cells and destroy cancer cells and restore the body’s ability to resist tumors. At present, immunological checkpoint inhibitors have made significant progress in breast cancer immunotherapy, and it is expected to become a new treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Ai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nianchang Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, China National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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29
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Persano S, Vicini F, Poggi A, Fernandez JLC, Rizzo GMR, Gavilán H, Silvestri N, Pellegrino T. Elucidating the Innate Immunological Effects of Mild Magnetic Hyperthermia on U87 Human Glioblastoma Cells: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1668. [PMID: 34683961 PMCID: PMC8537446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have been approved as standard second-line or in some cases even as first-line treatment for a wide range of cancers. However, immunotherapy has not shown clinically relevant success in glioblastoma (GBM). This is principally due to the brain's "immune-privileged" status and the peculiar tumor microenvironment (TME) of GBM characterized by a lack of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the establishment of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Herein, we explore a local mild thermal treatment, generated via cubic-shaped iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (size ~17 nm) when exposed to an external alternating magnetic field (AMF), to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in U87 glioblastoma cells. In accordance with what has been observed with other tumor types, we found that mild magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) modulates the immunological profile of U87 glioblastoma cells by inducing stress-associated signals leading to enhanced phagocytosis and killing of U87 cells by macrophages. At the same time, we demonstrated that mild magnetic hyperthermia on U87 cells has a modulatory effect on the expression of inhibitory and activating NK cell ligands. Interestingly, this alteration in the expression of NK ligands in U87 cells upon MHT treatment increased their susceptibility to NK cell killing and enhanced NK cell functionality. The overall findings demonstrate that mild MHT stimulates ICD and sensitizes GBM cells to NK-mediated killing by inducing the upregulation of specific stress ligands, providing a novel immunotherapeutic approach for GBM treatment, with potential to synergize with existing NK cell-based therapies thus improving their therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesco Vicini
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (J.L.C.F.)
| | | | - Giusy Maria Rita Rizzo
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Helena Gavilán
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Niccolo Silvestri
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (F.V.); (G.M.R.R.); (H.G.); (N.S.)
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30
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Hashemzadeh N, Dolatkhah M, Aghanejad A, Barzegar-Jalali M, Omidi Y, Adibkia K, Barar J. Folate receptor-mediated delivery of 1-MDT-loaded mesoporous silica magnetic nanoparticles to target breast cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2137-2154. [PMID: 34530630 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The efficiency of mesoporous silica magnetic nanoparticles (MSMNP) as a targeted drug-delivery system was investigated. Methods: The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized, coated with mesoporous silica and conjugated with polyethylene glycol and methotrexate. Next, 1-methyl-D-tryptophan was loaded into the prepared nanosystems (NS). They were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometer, x-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and their biological impacts on breast cancer cells were evaluated. Results: The prepared NSs displayed suitable properties and showed enhanced internalization by folate-receptor-expressing cells, exerting efficient cytotoxicity, which was further enhanced by the near-infrared radiation irradiation. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, the engineered NS is a promising multifunctional nanomedicine/theranostic for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran
| | - Mitra Dolatkhah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516664-14766, Iran
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31
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Győrffy B. Survival analysis across the entire transcriptome identifies biomarkers with the highest prognostic power in breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4101-4109. [PMID: 34527184 PMCID: PMC8339292 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive research is directed to uncover new biomarkers capable to stratify breast cancer patients into clinically relevant cohorts. However, the overall performance ranking of such marker candidates compared to other genes is virtually absent. Here, we present the ranking of all survival related genes in chemotherapy treated basal and estrogen positive/HER2 negative breast cancer. Methods We searched the GEO repository to uncover transcriptomic datasets with available follow-up and clinical data. After quality control and normalization, samples entered an integrated database. Molecular subtypes were designated using gene expression data. Relapse-free survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. False discovery rate was computed to combat multiple hypothesis testing. Kaplan-Meier plots were drawn to visualize the best performing genes. Results The entire database includes 7,830 unique samples from 55 independent datasets. Of those with available relapse-free survival time, 3,382 samples were estrogen receptor-positive and 696 were basal. In chemotherapy treated ER positive/ERBB2 negative patients the significant prognostic biomarker genes achieved hazard rates between 1.76 and 3.33 with a p value below 5.8E−04. The significant prognostic genes in adjuvant chemotherapy treated basal breast cancer samples reached hazard rates between 1.88 and 3.61 with a p value below 7.2E−04. Our integrated platform was extended enabling the validation of future biomarker candidates. Conclusions A reference ranking for all genes in two chemotherapy treated breast cancer cohorts is presented. The results help to neglect those with unlikely clinical significance and to focus future research on the most promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University Dept. of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó utca 7-9., 1094 Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Tűzoltó utca 7-9., 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Zhu Y, Zhu X, Tang C, Guan X, Zhang W. Progress and challenges of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188593. [PMID: 34280474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer, is defined as lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression. Compared with other subtypes in breast cancer, TNBC is more likely to recur and metastasize, with a lower survival rate. Due to the absence of definitive targets, there was limited novel therapeutic interventions and chemotherapy remained the primary treatment in the past decades. Following the development of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in solid tumors and validation of the immunogenicity in TNBC, immunotherapy has attracted more and more attentions. On basis of accumulating clinical studies, we reviewed the current progress targeting different immune checkpoints in several-lines treatment for TNBC, including programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, and other novel immunotherapeutic approaches (e.g., individualized peptide vaccine, cancer-testis antigen (CTA), new antigen vaccine, RNA vaccine and chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CAR-T)). In order to improve the survival outcome of TNBC populations, we further discussed potential predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy (e.g., PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency) and challenges in the future treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Criscitiello C, Guerini-Rocco E, Viale G, Fumagalli C, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Piciotti R, Invernizzi M, Malapelle U, Fusco N. Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Focus on the Use of the Currently Available Biomarkers in Oncology. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:787-800. [PMID: 34229592 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706144112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have remarkably modified the way solid tumors are managed, including breast cancer. Unfortunately, only a relatively small number of breast cancer patients significantly respond to these treatments. To maximize the immunotherapy benefit in breast cancer, several efforts are currently being put forward for the identification of i) the best therapeutic strategy (i.e. ICI monotherapy or in association with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other drugs); ii) the optimal timing for administration (e.g. early/advanced stage of disease; adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting); iii) the most effective and reliable predictive biomarkers of response (e.g. tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed death-ligand 1, microsatellite instability associated with mismatch repair deficiency, and tumor mutational burden). This article reviews the impacts and gaps in the characterization of immune-related biomarkers raised by clinical and translational research studies with immunotherapy treatments. Particular emphasis has been put on the documented evidence of significant clinical benefits of ICI in different randomized clinical trials, along with preanalytical and analytical issues in predictive biomarkers pathological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Viale
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Fumagalli
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Piciotti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Piazza D'Armi 1, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
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34
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Zhang J, Tian Q, Zhang M, Wang H, Wu L, Yang J. Immune-related biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:792-805. [PMID: 33837508 PMCID: PMC8213542 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed female cancer in the world. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most dangerous and biologically aggressive subtype in breast cancer which has a high mortality, high rates of relapse and poor prognosis, representing approximately 15-20% of breast cancers. TNBC has unique and special biological molecular characteristics and higher immunogenicity than other breast cancer types. On the basis of molecular features, TNBC is divided into different subtypes and gets various treatments. Especially, immunotherapy becomes a promising and effective treatment to TNBC. However, not all of the TNBC patients are sensitive to immunotherapy, the need of selecting the patients suitable for immunotherapy is imperative. In this review, we discussed recent discoveries about the immune-related factors of TNBC, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), programmed death-ligand protein-1 (PD-L1), immune gene signatures, some other emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy effectivity and promising biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance. In addition, we summarized the features of these biomarkers contributing to predict the prognosis and effect of immunotherapy. We hope we can provide some helps or evidences to clinical immunotherapy and combined treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road of Xi’an, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road of Xi’an, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road of Xi’an, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road of Xi’an, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road of Xi’an, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road of Xi’an, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
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Tang L, Lv SJ, Wu Z, Qian M, Xu Y, Gao X, Wang T, Guo W, Hou T, Li X, Li Z, Zhao J, Xiao J, Wei H. Role of betulinic acid derivative SH-479 in triple negative breast cancer and bone microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:605. [PMID: 34188707 PMCID: PMC8227548 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a high prevalence in the general population and is often associated with bone metastasis. Specific therapeutic targets are missing for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which presents some immunogenic characteristics. Betulinic acid (BA) has been reported to have some anti-tumor properties, and its modified derivative SH-479 was demonstrated to inhibit TNBC bone metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the BA derivative SH-479 on breast cancer and bone microenvironment. The effect of BA and its derivative SH-479 on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation was determined with the MTS method. The cytotoxicity effect of SH-479 was evaluated using the Live and Dead assay. Cell microfilament changes were observed by F-actin staining. The effects of SH-479 on PARP protein expression and cell cycle were detected by western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. The migratory ability of breast cancer cells treated with SH-479 was determined by migration assay. The effect of SH-479 on osteoclast differentiation induced by breast cancer cells was observed using the osteoclast differentiation assay and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The effects of SH-479 on T lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in bone marrow from mice were observed by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that SH-479 significantly inhibited the proliferation of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 at lower concentrations but had no significant effect on normal cells and other types of breast cancer cells for the same concentration. Furthermore, SH-479 significantly interfered with actin microfilaments in breast cancer cells but had no effect on cell apoptosis and cell cycle. In addition, SH-479 inhibited the migratory ability of breast cancer cells and the differentiation of osteoclasts induced by breast cancer cells. In bone marrow immune microenvironment, addition of SH-479 could promote the proliferation of CD4+T lymphocytes and inhibit the proliferation of MDSCs. Taken together, the findings from this study demonstrated that SH-479 inhibited the activity and migratory ability of TNBC cells and the differentiation of osteoclasts induced by TNBC and affected the bone marrow immune microenvironment. SH-479 may therefore inhibit breast cancer metastasis to bones, indicating that SH-479 may be considered as a promising drug to inhibit bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jun Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Hai'an People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Hai'an 226600, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qian
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yuduo Xu
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Taizhou 225300, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Hou
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Li
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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36
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AlSendi M, O'Reilly D, Zeidan YH, Kelly CM. Oligometastatic breast cancer: Are we there yet? Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1520-1528. [PMID: 34013530 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic breast cancer are usually considered incurable. Recent advances have resulted in significant improvements in survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Due to the lack of randomised trials and heterogeneous disease biology, treatment decisions for patients with oligometastatic breast cancer vary widely. Some patients are treated similar to those with widespread disease while others are treated more aggressively. We conducted a review of the evidence for treatment options in oligometastatic breast cancer and consulted ClinicalTrials.gov to explore currently accruing or studies in development aimed at investigating oligometastatic disease in breast cancer. Surgery to the primary tumour in patients with metastatic breast cancer has failed to show any advantage over systemic therapy. However, there may be a benefit in women with controlled systemic disease who are hormone receptor positive with bone-predominant metastasis. Stereotactic radiotherapy has gained increased interest in this setting due to its excellent efficacy and lower rates of associated toxicity. A significant challenge remains in identifying the patient population who would benefit from such an approach, and to do so, we need to understand the distinct biology of oligometastatic breast cancer. Unique miRNA expression and low levels of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in the immune micro-environment have been described in tumour tissues in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer. There is ongoing research aimed to better characterise these tumours, thus, allowing the selection of patients who would truly benefit from multi-modality treatment in an attempt for long-term survival and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha AlSendi
- Medical Oncology Department, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David O'Reilly
- Medical Oncology Department, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Youssef H Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Catherine M Kelly
- Medical Oncology Department, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang Y, Asad S, Weber Z, Tallman D, Nock W, Wyse M, Bey JF, Dean KL, Adams EJ, Stockard S, Singh J, Winer EP, Lin NU, Jiang YZ, Ma D, Wang P, Shi L, Huang W, Shao ZM, Cherian M, Lustberg MB, Ramaswamy B, Sardesai S, VanDeusen J, Williams N, Wesolowski R, Obeng-Gyasi S, Sizemore GM, Sizemore ST, Verschraegen C, Stover DG. Genomic features of rapid versus late relapse in triple negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:568. [PMID: 34006255 PMCID: PMC8130400 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and we have previously shown that rapid relapse of TNBC is associated with distinct sociodemographic features. We hypothesized that rapid versus late relapse in TNBC is also defined by distinct clinical and genomic features of primary tumors. Methods Using three publicly-available datasets, we identified 453 patients diagnosed with primary TNBC with adequate follow-up to be characterized as ‘rapid relapse’ (rrTNBC; distant relapse or death ≤2 years of diagnosis), ‘late relapse’ (lrTNBC; > 2 years) or ‘no relapse’ (nrTNBC: > 5 years no relapse/death). We explored basic clinical and primary tumor multi-omic data, including whole transcriptome (n = 453), and whole genome copy number and mutation data for 171 cancer-related genes (n = 317). Association of rapid relapse with clinical and genomic features were assessed using Pearson chi-squared tests, t-tests, ANOVA, and Fisher exact tests. We evaluated logistic regression models of clinical features with subtype versus two models that integrated significant genomic features. Results Relative to nrTNBC, both rrTNBC and lrTNBC had significantly lower immune signatures and immune signatures were highly correlated to anti-tumor CD8 T-cell, M1 macrophage, and gamma-delta T-cell CIBERSORT inferred immune subsets. Intriguingly, lrTNBCs were enriched for luminal signatures. There was no difference in tumor mutation burden or percent genome altered across groups. Logistic regression mModels that incorporate genomic features significantly outperformed standard clinical/subtype models in training (n = 63 patients), testing (n = 63) and independent validation (n = 34) cohorts, although performance of all models were overall modest. Conclusions We identify clinical and genomic features associated with rapid relapse TNBC for further study of this aggressive TNBC subset. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08320-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarah Asad
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zachary Weber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Tallman
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William Nock
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meghan Wyse
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Jerome F Bey
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristin L Dean
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Adams
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sinclair Stockard
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jasneet Singh
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, P.R. China
| | - Leming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), 250 Bibo Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Jeffrey VanDeusen
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Samilia Obeng-Gyasi
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Gina M Sizemore
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steven T Sizemore
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Claire Verschraegen
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, 1145 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA. .,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Tower, Room 512, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Wang Z, Yang X, Shen J, Xu J, Pan M, Liu J, Han S. Gene expression patterns associated with tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in invasive breast carcinomas. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:279-287. [PMID: 33612391 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is one of the most common tumors in women. The immune microenvironment, especially T cell infiltration, is related to the occurrence and prognosis of breast carcinoma. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the gene expression patterns associated with tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in invasive breast carcinomas. METHODS The gene expression data and corresponding clinical phenotype data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) were downloaded. The stromal and immune score were calculated using ESTIMATE. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a high vs. low stromal score and a high vs. low immune score were screened and then functionally enriched. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells were investigated using the Cibersort algorithm, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-related genes were identified using a Spearman correlation test of infiltrating abundance with the DEGs. Moreover, the miRNA-mRNA pairs and lncRNA-miRNA pairs were predicted to construct the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves were also plotted. RESULTS In total, 478 DEGs with a high vs. low stromal score and 796 DEGs with a high vs. low immune score were identified. In addition, 39 CD4+ T cell-related genes and 78 CD8+ T cell-related genes were identified; of these, 14 genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of BRCA patients. Moreover, for CD4+ T cell-related genes, the chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1-miR-34a/c-5p-CAPN6 axis was identified from the ceRNA network, whereas the chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1-miR-494-3p-SLC9A7 axis was identified for CD8+ T cell-related genes. CONCLUSIONS The chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1-miR-34a/c-5p-CAPN6 axis and the chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1-miR-494-3p-SLC9A7 axis might regulate cellular activities associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, respectively, in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China.
| | - Junjun Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China.
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 1 Bachelor Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China.
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, NO.1 Bachelor Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China.
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China.
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Pouresmaeil V, Haghighi S, Raeisalsadati AS, Neamati A, Homayouni-Tabrizi M. The Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Carob Extracts. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:316-326. [PMID: 32698752 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721132522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nanoparticles synthesized by the green method to treat cancer is fairly recent. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects and the expression of involved genes, of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized with Carob extracts on different human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS ZnO-NPs were synthesized using the extracts of Carob and characterized with various analytical techniques. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells were treated at different times and concentrations of ZnO-NPs. The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenic effects were examined using a series of cellular assays. Expression of apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl2) and anti-angiogenic genes, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its Receptor (VEGF-R) in cancer cells treated with ZnO-NPs were examined with Reverse Transcriptionquantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The anti-oxidant activities of ZnO-NPs were evaluated by ABTS and DPPH assay. RESULTS Exposure of cells to ZnO-NPs resulted in a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. The IC50 values at 24, 48, and 72 hours were 125, 62.5, and 31.2μg/ml, respectively (p<0.001). ZnO-NPs treated cells showed, in fluorescent microscopy, that ZnO-NPs are able to upregulate apoptosis and RT-qPCR revealed the upregulation of Bax (p<0.001) and downregulation of Bcl-2 (p<0.05). ZnO-NPs increased VEGF gene expression while decreasing VEGF-R (p<0.001). The anti-oxidant effects of ZnO-NPs were higher than the control group and were dose-dependent (p<0.001). CONCLUSION ZnO-NPs synthetized using Carob extract have the ability to eliminate breast cancer cells and inhibit angiogenesis, therefore, they could be used as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Pouresmaeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghighi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Lopes N, Correia VG, Palma AS, Brito C. Cracking the Breast Cancer Glyco-Code through Glycan-Lectin Interactions: Targeting Immunosuppressive Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1972. [PMID: 33671245 PMCID: PMC7922062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of breast cancer (BC) is composed by high macrophage infiltrates, correlated with the most aggressive subtypes. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) within the BC microenvironment are key regulators of immune suppression and BC progression. Nevertheless, several key questions regarding TAM polarisation by BC are still not fully understood. Recently, the modulation of the immune microenvironment has been described via the recognition of abnormal glycosylation patterns at BC cell surface. These patterns rise as a resource to identify potential targets on TAM in the BC context, leading to the development of novel immunotherapies. Herein, we will summarize recent studies describing advances in identifying altered glycan structures in BC cells. We will focus on BC-specific glycosylation patterns known to modulate the phenotype and function of macrophages recruited to the tumour site, such as structures with sialylated or N-acetylgalactosamine epitopes. Moreover, the lectins present at the surface of macrophages reported to bind to such antigens, inducing tumour-prone TAM phenotypes, will also be highlighted. Finally, we will discuss and give our view on the potential and current challenges of targeting these glycan-lectin interactions to reshape the immunosuppressive landscape of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Lopes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Viviana G. Correia
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Angelina S. Palma
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT-NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Hashemzadeh N, Dolatkhah M, Adibkia K, Aghanejad A, Barzegar-Jalali M, Omidi Y, Barar J. Recent advances in breast cancer immunotherapy: The promising impact of nanomedicines. Life Sci 2021; 271:119110. [PMID: 33513401 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the prevalent cancers among women. Generally, the treatment of BC is mostly based on several prominent strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and radiation. Owing to the growing knowledge about the complexity of BC pathobiology, immunotherapy as a promising treatment modality has substantially improved the patients' care in the clinic. Immunotherapy is used to harness the patient's immune system to recognize and battle devious cancer cells. As a novel therapy approach, this emerging strategy targets the key molecular entities of tumor tissue. To achieve maximal therapeutic impacts, the dynamic interplay between cancer and immune cells needs to be fully comprehended. The key molecular machinery of solid tumors can be targeted by nanoscale immunomedicines. While discussing the potential biomarkers involved in the initiation and progression of BC, we aimed to provide comprehensive insights into the immunotherapy and articulate the recent advances in terms of the therapeutic strategies used to control this disease, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy, and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Dolatkhah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Dong X, Lv S, Gu D, Zhang X, Ye Z. Up-regulation of L Antigen Family Member 3 Associates With Aggressive Progression of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:553628. [PMID: 33552947 PMCID: PMC7858652 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.553628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of L Antigen Family Member 3 (LAGE3) in breast cancer (BC) has not been sufficiently studied. In this study, we explored the clinical value and biological functions of LAGE3 in BC. Comprehensive analysis of LAGE3 was carried out on The Cancer Genome Atlas, Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Results showed that LAGE3 expression was higher in BC tissues than in normal breast tissues of public datasets and our local cohort. Moreover, its expression was higher in BC patients with larger tumor size, significant lymph node metastasis, higher tumor grade, and more advanced disease stage. High expression of LAGE3 was correlated with poor prognosis, and LAGE3 could independently predict survival of BC patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a correlation between LAGE3 expression and biochemical metabolism and immune-related terms and cancer-related pathways. Analysis of tumor microenvironment indicated that LAGE3 expression was associated with the immune cell infiltration and anti-cancer immunity cycle. LAGE3 expression was higher in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to hormone receptor-positive BC, but not HER2-positive subtype. Suppression of LAGE3 expression inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of TNBC cell lines. Besides, the down-regulation of LAGE3 attenuated the migration and invasion but reduced the expression level of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition related proteins in TNBC cell lines. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that LAGE3 promotes the progression of BC. Therefore, it may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a treatment target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shihui Lv
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dianna Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Mu G, Ji H, He H, Wang H. Immune-related gene data-based molecular subtyping related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:513-526. [PMID: 33245478 PMCID: PMC7925489 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC), which is the most common malignant tumor in females, is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Effective treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrinotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy. With the development of molecular biology, immunology and pharmacogenomics, an increasing amount of evidence has shown that the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, coupled with the immune phenotype of tumor cells, will significantly affect tumor development and malignancy. Consequently, immunotherapy has become a promising treatment for BC prevention and as a modality that can influence patient prognosis. Methods In this study, samples collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and ImmPort databases were analyzed to investigate specific immune-related genes that affect the prognosis of BC patients. In all, 64 immune-related genes related to prognosis were screened, and the 17 most representative genes were finally selected to establish the prognostic prediction model of BC (the RiskScore model) using the Lasso and StepAIC methods. By establishing a training set and a test set, the efficiency, accuracy and stability of the model in predicting and classifying the prognosis of patients were evaluated. Finally, the 17 immune-related genes were functionally annotated, and GO and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Results We found that these 17 genes were enriched in numerous BC- and immune microenvironment-related pathways. The relationship between the RiskScore and the clinical characteristics of the sample and signaling pathways was also analyzed. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the prognostic prediction model based on the expression profiles of 17 immune-related genes has demonstrated high predictive accuracy and stability in identifying immune features, which can guide clinicians in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of BC patients with different immunophenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12282-020-01191-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Mu
- Breast Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongjiang Wang
- Breast Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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Heng B, Bilgin AA, Lovejoy DB, Tan VX, Milioli HH, Gluch L, Bustamante S, Sabaretnam T, Moscato P, Lim CK, Guillemin GJ. Differential kynurenine pathway metabolism in highly metastatic aggressive breast cancer subtypes: beyond IDO1-induced immunosuppression. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:113. [PMID: 33109232 PMCID: PMC7590459 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has recently been proposed as a promising treatment to stop breast cancer (BrCa) progression and metastasis. However, there has been limited success in the treatment of BrCa with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This implies that BrCa tumors have other mechanisms to escape immune surveillance. While the kynurenine pathway (KP) is known to be a key player mediating tumor immune evasion and while there are several studies on the roles of the KP in cancer, little is known about KP involvement in BrCa. Methods To understand how KP is regulated in BrCa, we examined the KP profile in BrCa cell lines and clinical samples (n = 1997) that represent major subtypes of BrCa (luminal, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative (TN)). We carried out qPCR, western blot/immunohistochemistry, and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography on these samples to quantify the KP enzyme gene, protein, and activity, respectively. Results We revealed that the KP is highly dysregulated in the HER2-enriched and TN BrCa subtype. Gene, protein expression, and KP metabolomic profiling have shown that the downstream KP enzymes KMO and KYNU are highly upregulated in the HER2-enriched and TN BrCa subtypes, leading to increased production of the potent immunosuppressive metabolites anthranilic acid (AA) and 3-hydroxylanthranilic acid (3HAA). Conclusions Our findings suggest that KMO and KYNU inhibitors may represent new promising therapeutic targets for BrCa. We also showed that KP metabolite profiling can be used as an accurate biomarker for BrCa subtyping, as we successfully discriminated TN BrCa from other BrCa subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ayse A Bilgin
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - David B Lovejoy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vanessa X Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Heloisa H Milioli
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharani Sabaretnam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- School of Electrical Engineering and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Chen JY, Li CF, Lai YS, Hung WC. Lysine demethylase 2A expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes breast tumour growth. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:484-493. [PMID: 33024266 PMCID: PMC7852571 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study demonstrated that lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) enhances stemness in breast cancer cells. This demethylase is also highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, its clinical significance is unclear. METHODS The expression of KDM2A in CAFs was studied using immunohistochemical staining and its association with clinicopathological features and patient's survival was tested. Overexpression and knockdown strategies were used to investigate KDM2A-regulated genes in fibroblasts. Senescent cells were detected by using β-galactosidase staining. The in vivo tumour-promoting activity of stromal KDM2A was confirmed by animal study. RESULTS Increase of stromal KDM2A is associated with advanced tumour stage and poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Cancer-derived cytokines stimulated KDM2A expression in normal fibroblasts and transformed them into CAFs. Upregulation of KDM2A induced p53-dependent senescence in fibroblasts and enhanced the release of cytokines, which reciprocally promoted cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, KDM2A upregulated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression via transcriptional activation in fibroblasts. Knockdown of KDM2A completely abolished the tumour-promoting activity of CAFs on breast tumour growth in vivo and diminished PD-L1 expression in the stroma of tumour tissues. CONCLUSIONS Stromal KDM2A plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer and inhibition of KDM2A reduces fibroblast senescence and suppresses tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, 840, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, 710, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 704, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-Syuan Lai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 704, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 704, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Zhang J, Wang L, Xu X, Li X, Guan W, Meng T, Xu G. Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Unveils Eight Immune-Related Genes as Molecular Signatures in the Immunomodulatory Subtype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1787. [PMID: 33042828 PMCID: PMC7530237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high heterogeneity cancer. The identification of genomic aberrations that drive each of the TNBC subtypes may predict the prognosis of patients with TNBC and provide novel therapeutic strategies in clinical practice. This study focuses on the transcriptome-based gene expression of TNBC and aims to generate comprehensive gene co-expression networks correlated with the immune-related subtype of TNBC. Methods: The transcriptome profiles of 107 female patients with TNBC were analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to construct related networks and to sort hub-genes associated with the survival of TNBC patients. The data of the transcriptional expression, genomic alteration, survival status, and tumor immune microenvironment, which associated with hub-genes, were extracted, retrieved, and analyzed from Oncomine, UALCAN, TCGA, starBase, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases. Results: Immune-related hub-genes, including BIRC3, BTN3A1, CSF2RB, GIMAP7, GZMB, HCLS1, LCP2, and SELL, were found to be associated with clinical features of TNBC evaluated by WGCNA. These hub-genes belonged to the immunomodulatory subtype of TNBC and were upregulated in the TNBC cells. The protein expression of eight immune-related hub-genes was further confirmed to be upregulated in TNBC/CD8+ tissues detected by immunohistochemical staining. Survival analysis revealed that overexpression of eight immune-related hub-genes was in favor of the survival of patients with TNBC. Moreover, a positive correlation between eight immune-related hub-genes and immune cell infiltration was observed in TNBC patients. Furthermore, checkpoint inhibitor genes such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA4 were more enrichment in the immunomodulatory subtype of TNBC and the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA4 was positively correlated with eight immune-related hub-genes in the breast cancer dataset of TCGA. Conclusions: Eight immune-related hub-genes were identified to be molecular signatures in the immunomodulatory subtype of TNBC, which may provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencai Guan
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Celia C, Cristiano MC, Froiio F, Di Francesco M, d'Avanzo N, Di Marzio L, Fresta M. Nanoliposomes as Multidrug Carrier of Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel for the Effective Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer Disease: A Comparison with Gemzar and Taxol. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy University of Chieti‐Pescara “G. d'Annunzio” Via dei Vestini 31 Chieti I‐66010 Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Viale “S. Venuta” s.n.c. Catanzaro I‐88100 Italy
| | - Francesca Froiio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Viale “S. Venuta” s.n.c. Catanzaro I‐88100 Italy
| | - Martina Di Francesco
- Department of Health Science University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Viale “S. Venuta” s.n.c. Catanzaro I‐88100 Italy
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 Genoa I‐16163 Italy
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Pharmacy University of Chieti‐Pescara “G. d'Annunzio” Via dei Vestini 31 Chieti I‐66010 Italy
- Department of Health Science University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Viale “S. Venuta” s.n.c. Catanzaro I‐88100 Italy
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy University of Chieti‐Pescara “G. d'Annunzio” Via dei Vestini 31 Chieti I‐66010 Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia” Viale “S. Venuta” s.n.c. Catanzaro I‐88100 Italy
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Zhu MMT, Burugu S, Gao D, Yu J, Kos Z, Leung S, Horst BA, Nielsen TO. Evaluation of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR) expression in breast cancer and across multiple tumor types. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1753-1763. [PMID: 32350416 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR) is an emerging immunotherapy target that is expressed at high levels on regulatory T cells. Agonistic anti-GITR antibodies have anti-tumor activity in cancer mouse models, and recent phase 1 trials have demonstrated their safe pharmacological profile. However, there is limited knowledge on the relationship between GITR expression and the tumor microenvironment. GITR protein expression was assayed by immunohistochemistry on 3992 breast cancer surgical excision specimens assembled into tissue microarrays and scored visually by a pathologist for GITR expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and on carcinoma cells. GITR expression by the malignant cells was further surveyed in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (N = 713), lung carcinoma (N = 705), pancreatic cancer (N = 486), ovarian cancer (N = 445), bladder cancer (N = 88), prostate cancer (N = 88), testicular cancer (N = 76), melanoma (N = 75), renal cell carcinoma (N = 68), epithelioid sarcoma (N = 53), and neuroendocrine tumors (N = 41). In breast cancer, GITR expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (12.4%) correlated with other immune response biomarkers (PD-L1+ on tumor cells, and PD-1+, LAG-3+, TIM-3+ lymphocytes; p < 0.001), and T-cell markers (CD8+, FOXP3+; p < 0.001). GITR+ carcinoma cells were observed in 6.0% of breast cancer cases and correlated with worse relapse-free survival (p = 0.015). Among the additional tumor types examined, cancers with GITR+ malignant cells included bladder cancer (5.7%), primary (but not metastatic) melanoma (4.5%), and ovarian cancer (3.2%); no expression was identified among examined sarcomas. To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemistry study to report the frequency and pattern of GITR expression in a large breast cancer cohort, or to report membranous GITR expression on malignant cells. The co-infiltration of GITR with other immune biomarkers and T-cell markers supports a potential role for anti-GITR agents in combination immunotherapies. In addition, GITR expression on carcinoma cells could imply the existence of a novel cancer immune evasion strategy worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanne M T Zhu
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha Burugu
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jamie Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basil A Horst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Guo H, Ding Q, Gong Y, Gilcrease MZ, Zhao M, Zhao J, Sui D, Wu Y, Chen H, Liu H, Zhang J, Resetkova E, Moulder SL, Wang WL, Huo L. Comparison of three scoring methods using the FDA-approved 22C3 immunohistochemistry assay to evaluate PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and their association with clinicopathologic factors. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:69. [PMID: 32576238 PMCID: PMC7310491 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the evaluation of PD-L1 expression to select patients for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, uniform guidelines that account for different immunohistochemistry assays, different cell types and different cutoff values across tumor types are lacking. Data on how different scoring methods compare in breast cancer are scant. METHODS Using FDA-approved 22C3 diagnostic immunohistochemistry assay, we retrospectively evaluated PD-L1 expression in 496 primary invasive breast tumors that were not exposed to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment and compared three scoring methods (TC: invasive tumor cells; IC: tumor-infiltrating immune cells; TCIC: a combination of tumor cells and immune cells) in expression frequency and association with clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS In the entire cohort, positive PD-L1 expression was observed in 20% of patients by TCIC, 16% by IC, and 10% by TC, with a concordance of 87% between the three methods. In the triple-negative breast cancer patients, positive PD-L1 expression was observed in 35% by TCIC, 31% by IC, and 16% by TC, with a concordance of 76%. Associations between PD-L1 and clinicopathologic factors were investigated according to receptor groups and whether the patients had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The three scoring methods showed differences in their associations with clinicopathologic factors in all subgroups studied. Positive PD-L1 expression by IC was significantly associated with worse overall survival in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and showed a trend for worse overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in triple-negative patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Positive PD-L1 expression by TCIC and TC also showed trends for worse survival in different subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the three scoring methods with a 1% cutoff are different in their sensitivity for PD-L1 expression and their associations with clinicopathologic factors. Scoring by TCIC is the most sensitive way to identify PD-L1-positive breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. As a prognostic marker, our study suggests that PD-L1 is associated with worse clinical outcome, most often shown by the IC score; however, the other scores may also have clinical implications in some subgroups. Large clinical trials are needed to test the similarities and differences of these scoring methods for their predictive values in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael Z Gilcrease
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dawen Sui
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Erika Resetkova
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 85, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Xu W, Yang Y, Hu Z, Head M, Mangold KA, Sullivan M, Wang E, Saha P, Gulukota K, Helseth DL, Guise T, Prabhkar BS, Kaul K, Schreiber H, Seth P. LyP-1-Modified Oncolytic Adenoviruses Targeting Transforming Growth Factor β Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastases and Augment Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Breast Cancer Mouse Models. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:863-880. [PMID: 32394753 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the development of oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) that have reduced toxicity, enhanced tumor tropism, produce strong antitumor response, and can overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in breast cancer. We have shown that LyP-1 receptor (p32) is highly expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells and tumors from cancer patients, and that increased stromal expression of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) is associated with triple-negative breast cancer. Therefore, we constructed oncolytic Ads, AdLyp.sT and mHAdLyp.sT, in which the p32-binding LyP-1 peptide was genetically inserted into the adenoviral fiber protein. Both AdLyp.sT and mHAdLyp.sT express sTGFβRIIFc, a TGFβ decoy that can inhibit TGFβ pathways. mHAdLyp.sT is an Ad5/48 chimeric hexon virus in which hypervariable regions (HVRs 1-7) of Ad5 are replaced with the corresponding Ad48 HVRs. AdLyp.sT and mHAdLyp.sT exhibited better binding, replication, and produced higher sTGFβRIIFc protein levels in breast cancer cell lines compared with Ad.sT or mHAd.sT control viruses without LyP-1 peptide modification. Systemic delivery of mHAdLyp.sT in mice resulted in reduced hepatic/systemic toxicity compared with Ad.sT and AdLyp.sT. Intravenous delivery of AdLyp.sT and mHAdLyp.sT elicited a strong antitumor response in a human MDA-MB-231 bone metastasis model in mice, as indicated by bioluminescence imaging, radiographic tumor burden, serum TRACP 5b and calcium, and body weight analyses. Furthermore, intratumoral delivery of AdLyp.sT in 4T1 model in immunocompetent mice inhibited tumor growth and metastases, and augmented anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Based on these studies, we believe that AdLyp.sT and mHAdLyp.sT can be developed as potential targeted immunotherapy agents for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Experimental Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Zebin Hu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Maria Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | - Edward Wang
- Biostatistics and Clinical Research Informatics, Department of Surgery
| | | | - Kamalakar Gulukota
- Center for Personalized Medicine; NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald L Helseth
- Center for Personalized Medicine; NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Theresa Guise
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen Kaul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prem Seth
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, An Affiliate of the University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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