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Hacker UT, Bentler M, Kaniowska D, Morgan M, Büning H. Towards Clinical Implementation of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Cancer Gene Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1889. [PMID: 32674264 PMCID: PMC7409174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have gained tremendous attention as in vivo delivery systems in gene therapy for inherited monogenetic diseases. First market approvals, excellent safety data, availability of large-scale production protocols, and the possibility to tailor the vector towards optimized and cell-type specific gene transfer offers to move from (ultra) rare to common diseases. Cancer, a major health burden for which novel therapeutic options are urgently needed, represents such a target. We here provide an up-to-date overview of the strategies which are currently developed for the use of AAV vectors in cancer gene therapy and discuss the perspectives for the future translation of these pre-clinical approaches into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich T. Hacker
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Bentler
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dorota Kaniowska
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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He J, Cai L, Chen Y, He Y, Wang M, Tang J, Guan H, Wang J, Peng X. Antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of SKLB-163, a novel benzothiazole-2-thiol derivative, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma by affecting the RhoGDI/JNK-1 signaling pathway. Radiother Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29519627 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SKLB-163 is a novel benzothiazole-2-thiol derivative with antitumor activities. This study investigated the effects of SKLB-163 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) expression was examined in NPC cell lines by western blot. Effects of SKLB-163 on proliferation, migration and radiosensitivity were assessed by MTT, wound healing and colony formation assays in vitro. Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects, and radiosensitizing effects of SKLB-163 were evaluated in a NPC lung metastatic nude mouse model and a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Effects of SKLB-163 on proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by PCNA immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay in vivo. Key molecules in RhoGDI/c-Jun N-terminal kinases-1 (JNK-1) pathway were examined by western blot. RESULTS RhoGDI was up-regulated in NPC cell lines. SKLB-163 inhibited proliferation and migration, and increased radiosensitivity of NPC cells. SKLB-163 inhibited tumor growth and metastases, and sensitized tumor to irradiation. The radiosensitizing effects were correlated with induction of apoptosis and suppression of proliferation. The molecular mechanism was the down-regulation of RhoGDI and activation of JNK-1 signaling, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3 and the decrease in phosphorylated AKT. CONCLUSIONS SKLB-163 shows strong anti-tumor activities against NPC and sensitizes NPC to irradiation by affecting the RhoGDI/JNK-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
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Shen M, Shi H. Estradiol and Estrogen Receptor Agonists Oppose Oncogenic Actions of Leptin in HepG2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151455. [PMID: 26982332 PMCID: PMC4794158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for certain cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, precipitates HCC development. Epidemiology data show that men have a much higher incidence of HCC than women, suggesting that estrogens and its receptors may inhibit HCC development and progression. Whether estrogens antagonize oncogenic action of leptin is uncertain. To investigate potential inhibitory effects of estrogens on leptin-induced HCC development, HCC cell line HepG2 cells were treated with leptin in combination with 17 β-estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) selective agonist PPT, ER-β selective agonist DPN, or G protein-coupled ER (GPER) selective agonist G-1. Cell number, proliferation, and apoptosis were determined, and leptin- and estrogen-related intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed. HepG2 cells expressed a low level of ER-β mRNA, and leptin treatment increased ER-β expression. E2 suppressed leptin-induced HepG2 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally E2 reversed leptin-induced STAT3 and leptin-suppressed SOCS3, which was mainly achieved by activation of ER-β. E2 also enhanced ERK via activating ER-α and GPER and activated p38/MAPK via activating ER-β. To conclude, E2 and its receptors antagonize the oncogenic actions of leptin in HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and stimulating cell apoptosis, which was associated with reversing leptin-induced changes in SOCS3/STAT3 and increasing p38/MAPK by activating ER-β, and increasing ERK by activating ER-α and GPER. Identifying roles of different estrogen receptors would provide comprehensive understanding of estrogenic mechanisms in HCC development and shed light on potential treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jin T, Li B, Chen XZ. A phase II trial of Endostar combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NCT01612286). Oncol Res 2015; 21:317-23. [PMID: 25198661 DOI: 10.3727/096504014x13983417587401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) regimens, the outcome of patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (M NPC) is poor. We conducted a phase II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of Endostar, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, in combination with GC chemotherapy. A total of 30 patients with M NPC were enrolled. The treatment regimen was a combination of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8, cisplatin (80 mg/m(2)) on day 1, and Endostar (15 mg/day) from day 1 to day 14 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of four cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The median follow-up was 13.1 months (range: 2.9-20.7 months). A total of 28 patients were evaluated. The median PFS was 19.4 months (95% CI, 13.6-25.1 months). The 1-year PFS rate was 69.8%. The confirmed objective response rate was 85.7% (95% CI, 66.4-95.3%), including complete response in 14 patients (50%). The 1-year overall survival rate was 90.2%. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (46.4%) and thrombocytopenia (14.3%). Our results suggest that a combination of Endostar with GC chemotherapy can lead to effective tumor regression, control disease progression, and improve prognosis in M NPC. Therefore, a combined Endostar and GC regimen should be considered as a potential treatment for patients with M NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Li ZN, Yuan ZF, Mu GY, Hu M, Cao LJ, Zhang YL, Liu L, Ge MX. Inhibitory effect of polysulfated heparin endostatin on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization in rabbits. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:234-8. [PMID: 25938033 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate anti-angiogenic effects of polysulfated heparin endostatin (PSH-ES) on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization (NV) in rabbits. METHODS An alkali burn was made on rabbit corneas to induce corneal NV in the right eye of 24 rabbits. One day after burn creation, a 0.2 mL subconjunctival injection of 50 µg/mL PSH-ES, 50 µg/mL recombinant endostatin (ES), or normal saline was administered every other day for a total of 14d (7 injections). Histology and immunohistochemisty were used to examine corneas. Corneal NV growth was evaluated as microvessel quantity and corneal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was measured by immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS Subconjunctival injection of ES and PSH-ES resulted in significant corneal NV suppression, but PSH-ES had a more powerful anti-angiogenic effect than ES. Mean VEGF concentration in PSH-ES treated corneas was significantly lower than in ES treated and saline treated corneas. Histological examination showed that corneas treated with either PSH-ES or ES had significantly fewer microvessels than eyes treated with saline. Additionally corneas treated with PSH-ES had significantly fewer microvessels than corneas treated with ES. CONCLUSION Both PSH-ES and recombinant ES effectively inhibit corneal NV induced by alkali burn. However, PSH-ES is a more powerful anti-angiogenic agent than ES. This research has the potential to provide a new treatment option for preventing and treating corneal NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Fang Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Ying Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Xu Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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Lu J, Zhao FP, Peng Z, Zhang MW, Lin SX, Liang BJ, Zhang B, Liu X, Wang L, Li G, Tian WD, Peng Y, He ML, Li XP. EZH2 promotes angiogenesis through inhibition of miR-1/Endothelin-1 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2014; 5:11319-32. [PMID: 25237831 PMCID: PMC4294357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence clearly indicates that EZH2 plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. However, the role of EZH2 in angiogenesis is still unknown in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We here showed that the elevated EZH2 level was closely associated with an aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype, and was positively correlated with microvessel density (MVD) in NPC tissues. Functional studies showed that EZH2 upregulation promoted cell proliferation, migration and tubule formation of endothelial cells, and knockdown of EZH2 suppressed tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that EZH2 inhibited miR-1 transcription via promoter binding activity, leading to enhanced expression of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) which is suppressed by miR-1 targeting of ET-1 3'UTR. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 or overexpression of miR-1 exerted anti-angiogenic effect on NPC cells. More importantly, the neutralizing antibody against ET-1 significantly abrogated the pro-angiogenic effect of EZH2, and forced expression of ET-1 rescued the anti-angiogenic effect induced by EZH2 knockdown. In clinical specimens, ET-1 was widely overexpressed and associated with clinical stage and MVD. Taken together, our results identify a novel signaling pathway involved in NPC angiogenesis, and also suggest that EZH2-miR-1-ET-1 axis represents multiple potential therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Peng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengliu Peng
- Lab of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Wen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Xiong Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bi-Jun Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Dong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of malignant tumor gene regulation and target therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Peng XH, Huang HR, Lu J, Liu X, Zhao FP, Zhang B, Lin SX, Wang L, Chen HH, Xu X, Wang F, Li XP. MiR-124 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by targeting Foxq1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:186. [PMID: 25098939 PMCID: PMC4267157 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of microRNAs have been documented in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our previous study demonstrated that plasma miR-124 was down-regulated in NPC using microarray analysis and quantitative PCR validation. Though growing studies showed that down-regulated miR-124 was closely related to tumourigenesis in various types of cancers, the role of miR-124 in NPC remains largely unknown. Methods The expression level of miR-124 was evaluated in NPC cell lines and patient specimens using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (Real-time qPCR). The clinicopathological significance of the resultant data was later analyzed. Then, we explored the role of miR-124 in NPC tumorigenesis by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Homo sapiens forkhead box Q1 (Foxq1) was confirmed as a novel direct target gene of miR-124 by the dual-luciferase assay and western bolt. Results We found that miR-124 was commonly down-regulated in NPC specimens and NPC cell lines. The expression of miR-124 was inversely correlation with clinical stages and marked on T stages. Then, the ectopic expression of miR-124 dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Foxq1 as a novel direct target of miR-124. Functional studies showed that knockdown of Foxq1 inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion, whereas Foxq1 overexpression partially rescued the suppressive effect of miR-124 in NPC. In clinical specimens, Foxq1 was commonly up-regulated in NPC, and the level increased with clinical stages and T stages. Additionally, the level of Foxq1 was inversely correlated with miR-124. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR-124 functions as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in NPC, and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing Foxq1 expression. MiR-124 could serve as an independent biomarker to identify patients with different clinical characteristics. Therefore, our findings provide valuable clues toward the understanding the of mechanisms of NPC pathogenesis and provide an opportunity to develop new effective clinical therapies in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-186) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Ping Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Li XP, Zhang HL, Wang HJ, Li YX, Li M, Lu L, Wan Y, Zhou BL, Liu Y, Pan Y, Wu XZ, Fan YZ, Yu CH, Wei YQ, Shi HS. Ad-endostatin treatment combined with low-dose irradiation in a murine lung cancer model. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:650-8. [PMID: 24927253 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a conventional strategy for treating advanced lung cancer yet is accompanied by serious side-effects. Its combination with other strategies, such as antiangiogenesis and gene therapy, has shown excellent prospects. As one of the potent endogenous vascular inhibitors, endostatin has been widely used in the antiangiogenic gene therapy of tumors. In the present study, LL/2 cells were infected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding endostatin (Ad-endostatin) to express endostatin. The results showed that LL/2 cells infected with the Ad-endostatin efficiently and longlastingly expressed endostatin. In order to further explore the role of Ad-endostatin combined with irradiation in the treatment of cancer, a murine lung cancer model was established and treated with Ad-endostatin combined with low-dose irradiation. The results showed that the combination treatment markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and prolonged the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, this significant antitumor activity was associated with lower levels of microvessel density and anoxia factors in the Ad-Endo combined with irradiation group, and with an increased apoptotic index of tumor cells. In addition, no serious side-effects were noted in the combination group. Based on our findings, Ad-endostatin combined with low-dose irradiation may be a rational alternative treatment for lung cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Heng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Shan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Luo HN, Wang ZH, Sheng Y, Zhang Q, Yan J, Hou J, Zhu K, Cheng Y, Xu YL, Zhang XH, Xu M, Ren XY. miR-139 targets CXCR4 and inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Med Oncol 2013; 31:789. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Uehara T, Kanazawa T, Mizukami H, Uchibori R, Tsukahara T, Urabe M, Kume A, Misawa K, Carey TE, Suzuki M, Ichimura K, Ozawa K. Novel anti-tumor mechanism of galanin receptor type 2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 105:72-80. [PMID: 24168112 PMCID: PMC4317884 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, are known tumor suppressors and potential therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we demonstrated that, in GALR1-expressing HNSCC cells, the addition of galanin suppressed tumor proliferation via upregulation of ERK1/2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, whereas, in GALR2-expressing cells, the addition of galanin not only suppressed proliferation, but also induced apoptosis. In this study, we first transduced HEp-2 and KB cell lines using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector and confirmed a high GFP expression rate (>90%) in both cell lines at the standard vector dose. Next, we demonstrated that GALR2 expression in the presence of galanin suppressed cell viability to 40-60% after 72 h in both cell lines. Additionally, the annexin V-positive rate and sub-G0/G1 phase population were significantly elevated in HEp-2 cells (mock vs GALR2: 12.3 vs 25.0% (P < 0.01) and 9.1 vs 32.0% (P < 0.05), respectively) after 48 h. These changes were also observed in KB cells, although to a lesser extent. Furthermore, in HEp-2 cells, GALR2-mediated apoptosis was caspase-independent, involving downregulation of ERK1/2, followed by induction of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, Bim. These results illustrate that transient GALR2 expression in the presence of galanin induces apoptosis via diverse pathways and serves as a platform for suicide gene therapy against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uehara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan; Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Lu J, Luo H, Liu X, Peng Y, Zhang B, Wang L, Xu X, Peng X, Li G, Tian W, He ML, Kung H, Li XP. miR-9 targets CXCR4 and functions as a potential tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:554-63. [PMID: 24170200 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA deregulation and pathway alterations have been implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive and metastatic cancer widely prevalent in Southern China. In this study, we report that miR-9 is commonly downregulated in NPC specimens and NPC cell lines with important functional consequences. The reduced expression of miR-9 was inversely correlated with clinical stages and marked the progression from locoregional to metastatic tumors. The CpG island hypermethylation contributed to miR-9 silencing in NPC cell lines and tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-9 dramatically inhibited the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that miR-9 strongly reduced the expression of CXCR4 in NPC cells. Luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-9 could directly bind to the 3' untranslated region of CXCR4. Similar to the restoring miR-9 expression, CXCR4 downregulation inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion, whereas CXCR4 overexpression rescued the suppressive effect of miR-9. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCR4 functionally mediated the SDF-1-stimulated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in NPC cells with miR-9 downregulation or CXCR4 overexpression. In clinical specimens, CXCR4 and phospho-p38 were widely overexpressed, and the levels increased with the progression from locoregional to metastatic tumors in NPC tissues. The levels of CXCR4 were inversely correlated with miR-9 or phospho-p38 expression. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-9 functions as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in NPC, and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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12
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Yu F, Sim ACN, Li C, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang DY, Loh KS. Identification of a subpopulation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with cancer stem-like cell properties by high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:1903-11. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Adrian Chong Nyi Sim
- Department of Microbiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Xuening Zhao
- Department of General Health Care II; Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
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13
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Yu L, Lu J, Zhang B, Liu X, Wang L, Li SY, Peng XH, Xu X, Tian WD, Li XP. miR-26a inhibits invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal cancer by targeting EZH2. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1223-1228. [PMID: 23599767 PMCID: PMC3629195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive and metastatic type of cancer that is widely prevalent in Southern China. Studies have shown that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in NPC metastasis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that miRNA miR-26a inhibits cell growth and tumorigenesis of NPC through the repression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). However, the role of miR-26a in NPC metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we showed that ectopic expression of miR-26a inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of NPC cells in vitro. Additionally, we used a murine model to investigate the role of miR-26a in NPC metastasis and results showed that miR-26a overexpression suppresses the metastatic behavior of NPC cells in vivo. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that miR-26a decreased the expression levels of EZH2 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the antimetastatic effect of miR-26a in NPC was mediated by regulating EZH2. Therefore, these findings indicate that miR-26a functions as an antimetastatic miRNA in NPC and that its antimetastatic effects are mediated mainly by repressing EZH2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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The Evolving Role of Systemic Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Jia H, Li Y, Zhao T, Li X, Hu J, Yin D, Guo B, Kopecko DJ, Zhao X, Zhang L, Xu DQ. Antitumor effects of Stat3-siRNA and endostatin combined therapies, delivered by attenuated Salmonella, on orthotopically implanted hepatocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1977-87. [PMID: 22527247 PMCID: PMC11028561 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive carcinomas. Limited therapeutic options, mainly due to a fragmented genetic understanding of HCC, and major HCC resistance to conventional chemotherapy are the key reasons for a poor prognosis. Thus, new effective treatments are urgent and gene therapy may be a novel option. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a highly studied member of the STAT family. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling has been found to suppress tumor growth and improve survival, providing a molecular target for cancer therapy. Furthermore, HCC is a hypervascular tumor and angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, anti-angiogenic therapy, combined with inhibition of Stat3, may be an effective approach to combat HCC. We tested the effect that the combination therapy consisting of endostatin (a powerful angiogenesis inhibitor) and Stat3-specific small interfering RNA, using a DNA vector delivered by attenuated S. typhimurium, on an orthotopic HCC model in C57BL/6 mice. Although antitumor effects were observed with either single therapeutic treatment, the combination therapy provided superior antitumor effects. Correlated with this finding, the combination treatment resulted in significant alteration of Stat3 and endostatin levels and that of the downstream gene VEGF, decreased cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis. Importantly, combined treatment also elicited immune system regulation of various immune cells and cytokines. This study has provided a novel cancer gene therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiadi Hu
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dennis J. Kopecko
- Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Xuejian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - De Qi Xu
- New Vaccine National Engineering Research Center, Beijing three-room South 4 hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100024 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Lin G, Lin MCM, Lin S, Yao H, Yu S, Yi W, Xu G, Ng SSM, Chen S, Yu J, Wang X, Yang B. Early growth response protein-1 promoter-mediated synergistic antitumor effect of hTERTC27 gene therapy and 5-Flurorouracil on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:434-41. [PMID: 22947087 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
hTERTC27 is a newly constructed polypeptide that can induce telomere dysfunction. To study the synergistic antitumor effects of the hTERTC27 polypeptide driven by the early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) promoter and chemotherapeutic 5-flurorouracil (5-FU) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. The results showed that hTERTC27 expression was significantly increased up to 7.21-folds by the 5-FU-activated Egr-1 promoter in C666-1 cells. Overexpressed hTERTC27 made the cells more sensitive to 5-FU, and additionally, inhibited cell proliferation about 20.41%. Combinational therapy of overexpressed hTERTC27 driven by the 5-FU-activated Egr-1 promoter and 5-FU synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of C666-1 cells for about 4.75-fold and 1.76-fold in comparison with a sole therapy of hTERTC27 or 5-FU in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that overexpressed hTERTC27 driven by 5-FU-activated Egr-1 promoter and 5-FU synergistically reduced tumor volume, tumor weight, and local infiltration, which may be relative to tumor cell apoptosis. These results suggest that combinational therapy of overexpressed hTERTC27, which is driven by the 5-FU-activated Egr-1 promoter, and 5-FU may provide a novel approach to treat nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimiao Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Ning T, Yan X, Lu ZJ, Wang GP, Zhang NG, Yang JL, Jiang SS, Wu Y, Yang L, Guan YS, Luo F. Gene therapy with the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin in an orthotopic lung cancer murine model. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:103-11. [PMID: 18939902 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth of solid tumors. To date, no information has been acquired on the effectiveness of gene therapy in the orthotopic lung cancer model of syngeneic immunocompetent mice treated with an angiogenesis inhibitor. Here, we report the establishment of such a model in which Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2) cell suspensions were orthotopically inoculated into the lung parenchyma of C57BL/6 mice, which were also injected with a recombinant adenoviral vector delivering the human endostatin gene (Ad-hE). We found that orthotopic implantation of LL/2 cells into the lung parenchyma produced a solitary tumor nodule in the lung followed by remote mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Conditioned medium from Ad-hE-transfected LL/2 cells apparently inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The level of endostatin protein in serum could be identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with Ad-hE resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that intratumoral angiogenesis was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the finding of angiogenesis inhibition was also supported by measuring the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Apoptotic cells were found to be increased within tumor tissues from mice treated with Ad-hE. In addition, treatment with Ad-hE combined with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) enhanced antitumor activity. These observations provide further evidence of the antitumor effect of endostatin gene therapy, and may be of importance for further exploration of potential application of this combined approach in the treatment of human lung cancer as well as other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ning
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Lum CT, Liu X, Sun RWY, Li XP, Peng Y, He ML, Kung HF, Che CM, Lin MC. Gold(III) porphyrin 1a inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis in vivo and inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro. Cancer Lett 2010; 294:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Li C, Chen X, Kou L, Hu B, Zhu LP, Fan YR, Wu ZW, Wang JJ, Xu GX. Selenium-Bifidobacterium longum as a delivery system of endostatin for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and selective regression of solid tumor. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:129-135. [PMID: 23136605 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) as a delivery system for endostatin was shown to have definite antitumor effects. Moreover, it was found that the enrichment of selenium was able to enhance the immunity of mice. In order to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of B. longum carrying pBV22210-endostatin (B. longum-En) enriched with selenium (Se-B. longum-En), we determined the biochemical characteristics of Se-B. longum-En. We then investigated its effect on macrophage activity, as well as its inhibitory effect on the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria in vitro and the antitumor effects on murine hepatic (H22) tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that Se-B. longum-En exhibited similar biochemical characteristics to that of wild-type B. longum, i.e., Se-B. longum-En strongly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis in rats and inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, Se-B. longum-En showed a definite inhibitory effect of tumor growth when H22 tumor-bearing mice were fed through oral or tail vein delivery. These results suggested that Se-B. longum is able to retain the advantages of wild-type B. longum and be used as a novel gene delivery system for liver cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093
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Jiang J, Chen W, Zhuang R, Song T, Li P. The effect of endostatin mediated by human mesenchymal stem cells on ovarian cancer cells in vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:873-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Li Z, He ML, Yao H, Dong QM, Chen YC, Chan CY, Zheng BJ, Yuen KY, Peng Y, Sun Q, Yang X, Lin MC, Sung JJY, Kung HF. Inhibition of HBV replication and gene expression in vitro and in vivo with a single AAV vector delivering two shRNA molecules. BMB Rep 2009; 42:59-64. [PMID: 19192395 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2009.42.1.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent worldwide. The major challenge for current antiviral treatment is the elevated drug resistance that occurs via rapid viral mutagenesis. In this study, we developed AAV vectors to simultaneously deliver two or three shRNAs targeting different HBV-related genes. These vectors showed markedly better antiviral effects than ones that delivered a single shRNA in vitro. A dual shRNA expression vector (AAV-157i/1694i), which simultaneously expressed two shRNAs targeted the S and X genes of HBV, reduced HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels by 87+/-4, 80.3+/-2.6 and 86.2+/- 7% respectively, eight days post-transduction. In a mouse model of prophylactic treatment, HBsAg and HBeAg were reduced to undetectable levels and the serum HBV DNA level was reduced by at least 100 fold. These results indicate that AAV-157i/1694i generates potent anti-HBV effects and that the strategy of constructing multi-shRNA expression vectors may lead to enhanced anti-HBV efficacy and overcome the evading mechanism of the virus and thus the development of drug resistance. [BMB reports 2009; 42(1): 59-64].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Li M, Wang J, Ng SSM, Chan CY, Chen AC, Xia HP, Yew DT, Wong BCY, Chen Z, Kung HF, Lin MCM. The four-and-a-half-LIM protein 2 (FHL2) is overexpressed in gliomas and associated with oncogenic activities. Glia 2008; 56:1328-38. [PMID: 18615633 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half-LIM protein 2 (FHL2) is a member of FHL protein family, which plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, cell survival, and migration. Although its function in oncogenesis appears to be tumor type-specific, its roles in glioma formation and development are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that the mRNA level of FHL2 was elevated in both low- and high-grade glioma samples. Overexpression of FHL2 stimulated the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and migration of human glioblastoma cells. Conversely, FHL2 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA-FHL2) inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration. Overexpression of FHL2 increased the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells in nude mice and decreased the mRNA levels of p53 and its downstream proapoptotic genes, including p21, Bcl2-associated protein X (Bax), and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis. It also enhanced the promoter activities of activator protein-1 (AP-1), human telomerase reverse transcriptase, and survivin genes. Together, these results provide the first evidence that FHL2 contributes to glioma carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Open laboratory of Chemical Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Li Z, Yao H, Ma Y, Dong Q, Chen Y, Peng Y, Zheng BJ, Huang JD, Chan CY, Lin MC, Sung JJ, Yuen KY, Kung HF, He ML. Inhibition of HBV gene expression and replication by stably expressed interferon-alpha1 via adeno-associated viral vectors. J Gene Med 2008; 10:619-27. [PMID: 18383553 PMCID: PMC7166674 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon‐α2 (IFNα2) is routinely used for anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment. However, the therapeutic efficiency is unsatisfactory, particularly in East Asia. Such inefficiency might be a result of the short half‐life, relatively low local concentration and strong side‐effects of interferons. Frequent and repeated injection is also a big burden for patients. In the present study, a single dose of vector‐delivered IFNα1 was tested for its anti‐HBV effects. Methods Adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV‐IFNα1) was generated to deliver the IFNα1 gene into hepatocytes. IFNα1, hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) and e (HBeAg) antigens were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and/or western blotting. The level of viral DNA was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results AAV‐IFNα1 effectively transduced HBV‐producing cells (HepAD38) and mouse hepatocytes, where IFNα1 was expressed in a stable manner. Both intracellular and extracellular HBsAg and HBeAg were significantly reduced in vitro. In the HBV‐producing mice, the concentration of IFNα1 in the liver was eight‐fold higher than that in plasma. Compared with control groups, HBeAg/HBsAg antigen levels were reduced by more than ten‐fold from day 1–5, and dropped to an undetectable level on day 9 in the AAV‐IFNα1 group. Concurrently, the level of viral DNA decreased over 30‐fold for several weeks. Conclusions A single dose administration of AAV‐IFNα1 viral vector displayed prolonged transgene expression and superior antiviral effects both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the use of AAV‐IFNα1 might be a potential alternative strategy for anti‐HBV therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Szentirmai O, Baker CH, Bullain SS, Lin N, Takahashi M, Folkman J, Mulligan RC, Carter BS. Successful inhibition of intracranial human glioblastoma multiforme xenograft growth via systemic adenoviral delivery of soluble endostatin and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg 2008; 108:979-88. [PMID: 18447716 DOI: 10.3171/jns/2008/108/5/0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by neovascularization, raising the question of whether angiogenic blockade may be a useful therapeutic strategy for this disease. It has been suggested, however, that, to be useful, angiogenic blockade must be persistent and at levels sufficient to overcome proangiogenic signals from tumor cells. In this report, the authors tested the hypothesis that sustained high concentrations of 2 different antiangiogenic proteins, delivered using a systemic gene therapy strategy, could inhibit the growth of established intracranial U87 human GBM xenografts in nude mice. METHODS Mice harboring established U87 intracranial tumors received intravenous injections of adenoviral vectors encoding either the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2-Fc fusion protein (Ad-VEGFR2-Fc) alone, soluble endostatin (Ad-ES) alone, a combination of Ad-VEGFR2-Fc and Ad-ES, or immunoglobulin 1-Fc (Ad-Fc) as a control. RESULTS Three weeks after treatment, magnetic resonance imaging-based determination of tumor volume showed that treatment with Ad-VEGFR2-Fc, Ad-ES, or Ad-VEGFR2-Fc in combination with Ad-ES, produced 69, 59, and 74% growth inhibition, respectively. Bioluminescent monitoring of tumor growth revealed growth inhibition in the same treatment groups to be 62, 74, and 72%, respectively. Staining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling showed reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in all antiangiogenic treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that systemic delivery and sustained production of endostatin and soluble VEGFR2 can slow intracranial glial tumor growth by both reducing cell proliferation and increasing tumor apoptosis. This work adds further support to the concept of using antiangiogenesis therapy for intracranial GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oszkar Szentirmai
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Institutes of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Duncan MB, Kalluri R. Basement Membrane Derived Inhibitors of Angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhou J, Yu W, Zhang X, Guo X, Ma X. Tumor Anti-angiogenic Gene Therapy with Microencapsulated Recombinant CHO Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2007; 35:605-14. [PMID: 17277990 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-007-9255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of recombinant cells is a novel promising approach to tumor therapy in which therapeutic protein is sustainable and long-term delivered by microencapsulated cells. The semi-permeable membrane of microcapsule can protect cell from host's immune rejection, increase the chemical stability of therapeutic protein and circumvent the problems of toxicity, limited half-lives and variation in circulating levels. Endostatin, a potent and specific angiogenesis inhibitor, could suppress the growth of primary and metastatic lesions in multiple murine tumor models. In this paper, APA microcapsules with high strength kept intact over 35 days and recombinant CHO cells kept the rapid proliferation viability and the continuous endostatin-expression function. The study of tumor treatment showed that the implantation of microencapsulated recombinant CHO cells decreased the neovascularization of tumor tissue by 59.4% and inhibited the B16 melanoma growth by 77.4%. Twenty days after tumor cell injection, 80% of animals treated with microencapsulated CHO-endo cells were alive compared to only 50% of animals in either control or mock control groups. Therefore, continuous delivery of endostatin from microencapsulated recombinant cells represents a feasible approach to tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
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27
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Persano L, Crescenzi M, Indraccolo S. Anti-angiogenic gene therapy of cancer: current status and future prospects. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:87-114. [PMID: 17306361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis has made it possible to test the hypothesis that blocking the angiogenic switch may keep tumor growth in check, and has added a new investigational arm to the field of cancer gene therapy. Angiogenesis inhibitors are heterogeneous in origin and potency, and their growing list includes proteolysis products of larger molecules with a different function, such as angiostatin, endostatin and vasostatin, modulators of vascular endothelial growth factor activity, such as sFLT-1, and some cytokines/chemokines with marked anti-endothelial activity, such as IL-12, IFN-alpha, and CXCL10. Pre-clinical studies have clearly indicated that these factors are essentially cytostatic and that they need long-term administration in order to obtain prolonged anti-tumor effects, representing a rational basis for their delivery by a gene therapy approach. The experimental approaches attempted to date, reviewed herein, indicate overall that anti-angiogenic gene therapy has efficacy mainly as an early intervention strategy and that a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying resistance to angiogenesis inhibition, as well as appropriate combined treatments, are required to generate a conceptual advancement which could drive the field towards successful management of established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persano
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Oncology Section, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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28
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Article on rAAC-endostatin inhibiting NPC tumor growth and metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-cor2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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