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Luo Y, Xiao JH. Inflammatory auxo-action in the stem cell division theory of cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15444. [PMID: 37309372 PMCID: PMC10257902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a beneficial response to the changes caused by pathogens or injuries that can eliminate the source of damage and restore homeostasis in damaged tissues. However, chronic inflammation causes malignant transformation and carcinogenic effects of cells through continuous exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. According to the theory of stem cell division, the essential properties of stem cells, including long life span and self-renewal, make them vulnerable to accumulating genetic changes that can lead to cancer. Inflammation drives quiescent stem cells to enter the cell cycle and perform tissue repair functions. However, as cancer likely originates from DNA mutations that accumulate over time via normal stem cell division, inflammation may promote cancer development, even before the stem cells become cancerous. Numerous studies have reported that the mechanisms of inflammation in cancer formation and metastasis are diverse and complex; however, few studies have reviewed how inflammation affects cancer formation from the stem cell source. Based on the stem cell division theory of cancer, this review summarizes how inflammation affects normal stem cells, cancer stem cells, and cancer cells. We conclude that chronic inflammation leads to persistent stem cells activation, which can accumulate DNA damage and ultimately promote cancer. Additionally, inflammation not only facilitates the progression of stem cells into cancer cells, but also plays a positive role in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Rahimi-Tari M, Sadeghi AA, Motamedi-Sedeh F, Aminafshar M, Chamani M. Hematological parameters, antioxidant status, and gene expression of γ-INF and IL-1β in vaccinated lambs fed different type of lipids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:168. [PMID: 37084030 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of vegetable oils as calcium salt on immune responses and the expression of immune-related genes in vaccinated lambs. Twenty-four lambs (35 kg body weight, 6 months old) were assigned to four treatments with six replicates in a completely randomized design for 40 days. Four concentrates were formulated in which the calcium salts of palm oil, canola oil, corn oil, and flaxseed oil were used. On day 30 of the experiment, lambs were vaccinated by a dose of foot-and-mouth disease virus. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein 10 days after vaccination. The level of malondialdehyde and the activity of liver enzymes were the highest in lambs receiving corn oil and the lowest in lambs receiving flaxseed oil. The highest lymphocytes and the lowest neutrophil percentages were observed in lambs receiving flaxseed oil. There was a significant difference among treatments for the relative genes expression. Flaxseed oil significantly upregulated interferon-γ and corn oil upregulated interleukin-1β. The highest titer against foot-and-mouth disease virus was related to lambs receiving flaxseed oil, and the lowest titer was related to lambs that received corn oil. Flaxseed oil had more beneficial effects on immune response than other oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Rahimi-Tari
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farahnaz Motamedi-Sedeh
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aminafshar
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Short-term in vivo testing to discriminate genotoxic carcinogens from non-genotoxic carcinogens and non-carcinogens using next-generation RNA sequencing, DNA microarray, and qPCR. Genes Environ 2023; 45:7. [PMID: 36755350 PMCID: PMC9909887 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has identified more differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs) and provided a wider quantitative range of expression level changes than conventional DNA microarrays. JEMS·MMS·Toxicogenomics group studied DEGs with targeted RNA-Seq on freshly frozen rat liver tissues and on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) rat liver tissues after 28 days of treatment with chemicals and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on rat and mouse liver tissues after 4 to 48 h treatment with chemicals and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) as statics. Analysis of rat public DNA microarray data (Open TG-GATEs) was also performed. In total, 35 chemicals were analyzed [15 genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (GTHCs), 9 non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGTHCs), and 11 non-genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogens (NGTNHCs)]. As a result, 12 marker genes (Aen, Bax, Btg2, Ccnf, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, Gdf15, Lrp1, Mbd1, Phlda3, Plk2, and Tubb4b) were proposed to discriminate GTHCs from NGTHCs and NGTNHCs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency studied DEGs induced by 4 known GTHCs in rat liver using DNA microarray and proposed 7 biomarker genes, Bax, Bcmp1, Btg2, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, Cgr19, and Mgmt for GTHCs. Studies involving the use of whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq upon exposure to chemical carcinogens in vivo have also been performed in rodent liver, kidney, lung, colon, and other organs, although discrimination of GTHCs from NGTHCs was not examined. Candidate genes published using RNA-Seq, qPCR, and DNA microarray will be useful for the future development of short-term in vivo studies of environmental carcinogens using RNA-Seq.
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Dietary Phytochemicals as Potential Chemopreventive Agents against Tobacco-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030491. [PMID: 36771198 PMCID: PMC9920588 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Cigarette smoking is strongly connected with lung cancer. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK) are the main carcinogens in cigarette smoking. Evidence has supported the correlation between these two carcinogens and lung cancer. Epidemiology analysis suggests that lung cancer can be effectively prevented through daily diet adjustments. This review aims to summarize the studies published in the past 20 years exploring dietary phytochemicals using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Dietary phytochemicals mainly include medicinal plants, beverages, fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. Moreover, the perspectives on the challenges and future directions of dietary phytochemicals for lung cancer chemoprevention will be provided. Taken together, treatment based on the consumption of dietary phytochemicals for lung cancer chemoprevention will produce more positive outcomes in the future and offer the possibility of reducing cancer risk in society.
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Shim YY, Kim JH, Cho JY, Reaney MJT. Health benefits of flaxseed and its peptides (linusorbs). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1845-1864. [PMID: 36193986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been associated with numerous health benefits. The flax plant synthesizes an array of biologically active compounds including peptides or linusorbs (LOs, a.k.a., cyclolinopeptides), lignans, soluble dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. The LOs arise from post-translational modification of four or more ribosome-derived precursors. These compounds exhibit an array of biological activities, including suppression of T-cell proliferation, excessive inflammation, and osteoclast replication as well as induction of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. The mechanisms of LO action are only now being elucidated but these compounds might interact with other active compounds in flaxseed and contribute to biological activity attributed to other flax compounds. This review focuses on both the biological interaction of LOs with proteins and other molecules and comprehensive knowledge of LO pharmacological and biological properties. The physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of LOs, as well as the biological effects of certain LOs, and their underlying mechanisms of action, are reviewed. Finally, strategies for producing LOs by either peptide synthesis or recombinant organisms are presented. This review will be the first to describe LOs as a versatile scaffold for the action of compounds to deliver physiochemically/biologically active molecules for developing novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Synthetic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (LGM2605) Prevents Asbestos-Induced Inflammation and Genotoxic Cell Damage in Human Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710085. [PMID: 36077483 PMCID: PMC9456329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alveolar macrophages play a critical role in malignant transformation of mesothelial cells following asbestos exposure, inflammatory and oxidative processes continue to occur in the mesothelial cells lining the pleura that may contribute to the carcinogenic process. Malignant transformation of mesothelial cells following asbestos exposure occurs over several decades; however, amelioration of DNA damage, inflammation, and cell injury may impede the carcinogenic process. We have shown in an in vitro model of asbestos-induced macrophage activation that synthetic secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (LGM2605), given preventively, reduced inflammatory cascades and oxidative/nitrosative cell damage. Therefore, it was hypothesized that LGM2605 could also be effective in reducing asbestos-induced activation and the damage of pleural mesothelial cells. LGM2605 treatment (50 µM) of huma n pleural mesothelial cells was initiated 4 h prior to exposure to asbestos (crocidolite, 20 µg/cm2). Supernatant and cells were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 8 h post asbestos exposure for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage (oxidized guanine), inflammasome activation (caspase-1 activity) and associated pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNFα, and HMGB1), and markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (8-iso-PGF2α). Asbestos induced a time-dependent ROS increase that was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced (29.4%) by LGM2605 treatment. LGM2605 pretreatment also reduced levels of asbestos-induced DNA damage by 73.6% ± 1.0%. Although levels of inflammasome-activated cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, reached 29.2 pg/mL ± 0.7 pg/mL and 43.9 pg/mL ± 0.8 pg/mL, respectively, LGM2605 treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced cytokine levels comparable to baseline (non-asbestos exposed) values (3.8 pg/mL ± 0.2 pg/mL and 5.4 pg/mL ± 0.2 pg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, levels of IL-6 and TNFα in asbestos-exposed mesothelial cells were high (289.1 pg/mL ± 2.9 pg/mL and 511.3 pg/mL ± 10.2 pg/mL, respectively), while remaining undetectable with LGM2605 pretreatment. HMGB1 (a key inflammatory mediator and initiator of malignant transformation) release was reduced 75.3% ± 0.4% by LGM2605. Levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α, markers of oxidative cell injury, were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by 80.5% ± 0.1% and 76.6% ± 0.3%, respectively. LGM2605, given preventively, reduced ROS generation, DNA damage, and inflammasome-activated cytokine release and key inflammatory mediators implicated in asbestos-induced malignant transformation of normal mesothelial cells.
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Turgut R, Kartal M, Akkol EK, Demirbolat İ, Taştan H. Development of Cholesterol-Lowering and Detox Formulations Using Bentonite and Herbal Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775789. [PMID: 34938189 PMCID: PMC8685422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification enzymes involved in human metabolism works to minimize the potential xenobiotic-induced damage constantly. Studies have revealed that toxin accumulation plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. This study has been designed to provide evidence of medicinal use of bentonite, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and psyllium (Plantago ovata L.) as detoxification and cholesterol-lowering agents using a hypercholesterolemic model in mice. The potential hypocholesterolemic effects and detoxification ability of these ingredients were evaluated at the same time: Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, plasma total antioxidant activity, nitric acid, leptin levels and glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase values were measured. It was determined that GBTF group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and flaxseed), GBTP group (grape seed extract, bentonite, turmeric, and psyllium), and GBT group (grape seed extract, bentonite, and turmeric) of the tested materials decreased the serum total cholesterol concentration by 64.8, 57.5, and 48.9%, respectively, in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. In addition, it was determined that some detoxification parameters such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were statistically significantly reversed in GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups. Flaxseed, psyllium, and bentonite clay did not show significant effects in reducing total cholesterol; however, GBTF, GBTP, and GBT groups interventions had a significant effect in reducing total cholesterol levels. Moreover, it was observed that adding flaxseed or psyllium to the GBT group increased the cholesterol-lowering effect. Therefore, it can be thought that this significant effect is due to the synergistic effect of the raw materials. When the results obtained were evaluated, it was seen that the cholesterol-lowering and detoxification effects of the combinations were higher than from the effect of natural material used alone. As a result, combinations of some of these ingredients have a positive effect on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Turgut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Health Sciences Institute, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlker Demirbolat
- Bezmialem Center of Education, Practice, and Research in Phytotherapy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Augments Antioxidant Capacity and Alleviates Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4438613. [PMID: 34527059 PMCID: PMC8437595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4438613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Studies have reported controversial findings regarding the flaxseed oil effect on antioxidant status biomarkers. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the impact of flaxseed oil on the serum level of biomarkers of oxidative stress. Methods A systematic search was conducted up to November 2020 on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Library. Random-effects model was employed to perform meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was carried out to determine the effect across different ranges of dosages and durations. Results Eight trials were included with a total sample size of 429 individuals with a mean age range of 25 to 70 years. The results indicated that flaxseed oil supplementation led to a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: −0.52 μmol/L; 95% CI: −0.89, −0.15; P=0.006, I2 = 71.3, P < 0.001) and increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (WMD: 82.84 mmol/L; 95% CI: 19.80, 145.87; P=0.006, I2 = 92.7, P < 0.001). No significant effect was observed on glutathione (GSH). Conclusion Our findings revealed that flaxseed oil supplementation might play a beneficial role in the reinforcement of the antioxidant defense system and amelioration of oxidative stress in adults.
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Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Acute Inflammatory Response and Injury in Murine Lung Is Ameliorated by Synthetic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (LGM2605). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179477. [PMID: 34502389 PMCID: PMC8430773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs), such as the highly bioreactive copper-based nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), are widely used in manufacturing of hundreds of commercial products. Epidemiological studies correlated levels of nanoparticles in ambient air with a significant increase in lung disease. CuO-NPs, specifically, were among the most potent in a set of metal-oxides and carbons studied in parallel regarding DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Despite advances in nanotoxicology research and the characterization of their toxicity, the exact mechanism(s) of toxicity are yet to be defined. We identified chlorination toxicity as a damaging consequence of inflammation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activation, resulting in macromolecular damage and cell damage/death. We hypothesized that the inhalation of CuO-NPs elicits an inflammatory response resulting in chlorination damage in cells and lung tissues. We further tested the protective action of LGM2605, a synthetic small molecule with known scavenging properties for reactive oxygen species (ROS), but most importantly, for active chlorine species (ACS) and an inhibitor of MPO. CuO-NPs (15 µg/bolus) were instilled intranasally in mice and the kinetics of the inflammatory response in lungs was evaluated 1, 3, and 7 days later. Evaluation of the protective action of LGM2605 was performed at 24 h post-challenge, which was selected as the peak acute inflammatory response to CuO-NP. LGM2605 was given daily via gavage to mice starting 2 days prior to the time of the insult (100 mg/kg). CuO-NPs induced a significant inflammatory influx, inflammasome-relevant cytokine release, and chlorination damage in mouse lungs, which was mitigated by the action of LGM2605. Preventive action of LGM2605 ameliorated the adverse effects of CuO-NP in lung.
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Nakano-Narusawa Y, Yokohira M, Yamakawa K, Ye J, Tanimoto M, Wu L, Mukai Y, Imaida K, Matsuda Y. Relationship between Lung Carcinogenesis and Chronic Inflammation in Rodents. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122910. [PMID: 34200786 PMCID: PMC8230400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are various risk factors for lung cancer, including tobacco smoking, inhalation of dust particles, chronic inflammation, and genetic factors. Chronic inflammation has been considered a key factor that promotes tumor progression via production of cytokines, chemokines, cytotoxic mediators, and reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells. Here, we review rodent models of lung tumor induced by tobacco, tobacco-related products, and pro-inflammatory materials as well as genetic modifications, and discuss the relationship between chronic inflammation and lung tumor. Through this review, we hope to clarify the effects of chronic inflammation on lung carcinogenesis and help develop new treatments for lung cancer. Abstract Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 1.76 million deaths reported in 2018. Numerous studies have focused on the prevention and treatment of lung cancer using rodent models. Various chemicals, including tobacco-derived agents induce lung cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in rodents. In recent years, transgenic engineered rodents, in particular, those generated with a focus on the well-known gene mutations in human lung cancer (KRAS, EGFR, and p53 mutations) have been widely studied. Animal studies have revealed that chronic inflammation significantly enhances lung carcinogenesis, and inhibition of inflammation suppresses cancer progression. Moreover, the reduction in tumor size by suppression of inflammation in animal experiments suggests that chronic inflammation influences the promotion of tumorigenesis. Here, we review rodent lung tumor models induced by various chemical carcinogens, including tobacco-related carcinogens, and transgenics, and discuss the roles of chronic inflammation in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Matsuda
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-891-2109; Fax: +81-87-891-2112
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Ali E, Saand MA, Khan AR, Shah JM, Feng S, Ming C, Sun P. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of detoxification efflux carriers (DTX) genes family under abiotic stresses in flax. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:483-501. [PMID: 32270877 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. The presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mumtaz Ali Saand
- Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Cai Ming
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Fishbein A, Hammock BD, Serhan CN, Panigrahy D. Carcinogenesis: Failure of resolution of inflammation? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107670. [PMID: 32891711 PMCID: PMC7470770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of cancer and is recognized as a key characteristic of carcinogens. However, the failure of resolution of inflammation in cancer is only recently being understood. Products of arachidonic acid and related fatty acid metabolism called eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosanoids, critically regulate inflammation, as well as its resolution. The resolution of inflammation is now appreciated to be an active biochemical process regulated by endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators which combat infections and stimulate tissue repair/regeneration. Environmental and chemical human carcinogens, including aflatoxins, asbestos, nitrosamines, alcohol, and tobacco, induce tumor-promoting inflammation and can disrupt the resolution of inflammation contributing to a devastating global cancer burden. While mechanisms of carcinogenesis have focused on genotoxic activity to induce mutations, nongenotoxic mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress promote genotoxicity, proliferation, and mutations. Moreover, carcinogens initiate oxidative stress to synergize with inflammation and DNA damage to fuel a vicious feedback loop of cell death, tissue damage, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, stimulation of resolution of inflammation may prevent carcinogenesis by clearance of cellular debris via macrophage phagocytosis and inhibition of an eicosanoid/cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory mediators. Controlling the host inflammatory response and its resolution in carcinogen-induced cancers will be critical to reducing carcinogen-induced morbidity and mortality. Here we review the recent evidence that stimulation of resolution of inflammation, including pro-resolution lipid mediators and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors, may be a new chemopreventive approach to prevent carcinogen-induced cancer that should be evaluated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fishbein
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Ali E, Raza MA, Cai M, Hussain N, Shahzad AN, Hussain M, Ali M, Bukhari SAH, Sun P. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236454. [PMID: 32702710 PMCID: PMC7377914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a member of family linaceae with annual growth habit. It is included among those crops which were domesticated very early and has been used in development related studies as a model plant. In plants, Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) comprise a unique set of Calmodulin-binding proteins. To elucidate the transport mechanism of secondary metabolites in flax, a genome-based study on these transporters was performed. The current investigation identified nine CAMTAs proteins, classified into three categories during phylogenetic analysis. Each group had significant evolutionary role as illustrated by the conservation of gene structures, protein domains and motif organizations over the distinctive phylogenetic classes. GO annotation suggested a link to sequence-specific DNA and protein binding, response to low temperature and transcription regulation by RNA polymerase II. The existence of different hormonal and stress responsive cis-regulatory elements in promotor region may directly correlate with the variation of their transcripts. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that various groups of miRNA families targeted the LuCAMTAs genes. Identification of CAMTA genes, miRNA studies and phylogenetic analysis may open avenues to uncover the underlying functional mechanism of this important family of genes in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mohammad Ammar Raza
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Smejkal K, Kajo K, Jakubikova J, Behzadi P, Pec M, Zubor P, Biringer K, Kwon TK, Büsselberg D, Sarria GR, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Genoprotective activities of plant natural substances in cancer and chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:261-287. [PMID: 32547652 PMCID: PMC7272522 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubikova
- Biomedical Research Center SAS, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01001 Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601 Korea
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gustavo R. Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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15
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The effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:792-799. [PMID: 31902378 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in sixty women with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 2 × 1000 mg/d n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid in each capsule (n 30) or placebo (n 30) for 6 weeks. n-3 Fatty acid intake up-regulated PPAR-γ (P < 0·001) and LDL receptor (P = 0·004) and down-regulated gene expression of IL-1 (P = 0·002) and TNF-α (P = 0·001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with GDM. In addition, n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose (P = 0·001), insulin levels (P = 0·001) and insulin resistance (P < 0·001) and increased insulin sensitivity (P = 0·005) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a decrease in TAG (P < 0·001), VLDL-cholesterol (P < 0·001), total cholesterol (P = 0·01) and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0·01) when compared with placebo. n-3 Fatty acid administration was also associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0·006) and malondialdehyde (P < 0·001), and an increase in total nitrite (P < 0·001) and total glutathione levels (P = 0·006) when compared with the placebo. n-3 Fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM had beneficial effects on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation, glycaemic control, lipids, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.
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16
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Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes in the lung of experimental animals, man and in human lung models. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3419-3489. [PMID: 31673725 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The xenobiotic metabolism in the lung, an organ of first entry of xenobiotics into the organism, is crucial for inhaled compounds entering this organ intentionally (e.g. drugs) and unintentionally (e.g. work place and environmental compounds). Additionally, local metabolism by enzymes preferentially or exclusively occurring in the lung is important for favorable or toxic effects of xenobiotics entering the organism also by routes other than by inhalation. The data collected in this review show that generally activities of cytochromes P450 are low in the lung of all investigated species and in vitro models. Other oxidoreductases may turn out to be more important, but are largely not investigated. Phase II enzymes are generally much higher with the exception of UGT glucuronosyltransferases which are generally very low. Insofar as data are available the xenobiotic metabolism in the lung of monkeys comes closed to that in the human lung; however, very few data are available for this comparison. Second best rate the mouse and rat lung, followed by the rabbit. Of the human in vitro model primary cells in culture, such as alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells as well as the A549 cell line appear quite acceptable. However, (1) this generalization represents a temporary oversimplification born from the lack of more comparable data; (2) the relative suitability of individual species/models is different for different enzymes; (3) when more data become available, the conclusions derived from these comparisons quite possibly may change.
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17
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Mohammad J, Singh RR, Riggle C, Haugrud B, Abdalla MY, Reindl KM. JNK inhibition blocks piperlongumine-induced cell death and transcriptional activation of heme oxygenase-1 in pancreatic cancer cells. Apoptosis 2019; 24:730-744. [PMID: 31243599 PMCID: PMC6713602 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL) is an alkaloid that inhibits glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) activity, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cancer-selective cell death. We aimed to identify stress-associated molecular responses to PL treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. GSTP1 directly interacts with JNK, which is activated by oxidative stress and can lead to decreased cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Therefore, we hypothesized that JNK pathways are activated in response to PL treatment. Our results show PL causes dissociation of GSTP1 from JNK; robust JNK, c-Jun, and early ERK activation followed by suppression; increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP; and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and c-Myc in PDAC cells. Gene expression analysis revealed PL caused a > 20-fold induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which we hypothesized was a survival mechanism for PDAC cells under enhanced oxidative stress. HO-1 knockout resulted in enhanced PL-induced PDAC cell death under hypoxic conditions. Similarly, high concentrations of the HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP (10 µM), sensitized PDAC cells to PL; however, lower concentrations ZnPP (10 nM) and high or low concentrations of SnPP both protected PDAC cells from PL-induced cell death. Interestingly, the JNK inhibitor significantly blocked PL-induced PDAC cell death, Nrf-2 nuclear translocation, and HMOX-1 mRNA expression. Collectively, the results demonstrate JNK signaling contributes to PL-induced PDAC cell death, and at the same time, activates Nrf-2 transcription of HMOX-1 as a compensatory survival mechanism. These results suggest that elevating oxidative stress (using PL) while at the same time impairing antioxidant capacity (inhibiting HO-1) may be an effective therapeutic approach for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Rahul R Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Cody Riggle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Brandon Haugrud
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Katie M Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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18
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Parikh M, Maddaford TG, Austria JA, Aliani M, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Dietary Flaxseed as a Strategy for Improving Human Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1171. [PMID: 31130604 PMCID: PMC6567199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and fiber. These compounds provide bioactivity of value to the health of animals and humans through their anti-inflammatory action, anti-oxidative capacity and lipid modulating properties. The characteristics of ingesting flaxseed or its bioactive components are discussed in this article. The benefits of administering flaxseed or the individual bioactive components on health and disease are also discussed in this review. Specifically, the current evidence on the benefits or limitations of dietary flaxseed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gastro-intestinal health and brain development and function, as well as hormonal status in menopausal women, are comprehensive topics for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Michel Aliani
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada.
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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19
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Zhu B, Suzuki Y, DiSanto T, Rubin S, Penfil Z, Pietrofesa RA, Chatterjee S, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Cantu E. Applications of Out of Body Lung Perfusion. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:404-411. [PMID: 30054193 PMCID: PMC6345618 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Out of body organ perfusion is a concept that has been around for a long time. As technology has evolved, so have the systems available for out of body perfusion making whole organ preservation for extended evaluation, resuscitation, and discovery routine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical use of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) systems has continued to expand as evidence has accumulated to suggest EVLP transplants experience similar mortality, ICU length of stay, length of mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and rates of primary graft dysfunction as conventional lung transplants. In 2017, more lung transplants were performed than any previous year in the US history. RESULTS Early success of EVLP has motivated groups to evaluate additional donor types and methods for expanding the donor pool. The ability to keep a lung alive in a physiologically neutral environment opens the ability to better understand organ quality, define pathophysiology in certain disease conditions, and provides a platform for interventions to prevent or repair injury. CONCLUSION The next several years will usher in significant changes in understanding and interventions focused on lung injury. This manuscript highlights applications of EVLP to clarify how this system can be used for basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Yoshikazu Suzuki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas DiSanto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha Rubin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Penfil
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Chatterjee S, Pietrofesa RA, Park K, Tao JQ, Carabe-Fernandez A, Berman AT, Koumenis C, Sielecki T, Christofidou-Solomidou M. LGM2605 Reduces Space Radiation-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Damage in In Vitro Lung Vascular Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010176. [PMID: 30621290 PMCID: PMC6337675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Updated measurements of charged particle fluxes during the transit from Earth to Mars as well as on site measurements by Curiosity of Martian surface radiation fluxes identified potential health hazards associated with radiation exposure for human space missions. Designing mitigation strategies of radiation risks to astronauts is critical. We investigated radiation-induced endothelial cell damage and its mitigation by LGM2605, a radioprotector with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. We used an in vitro model of lung vascular networks (flow-adapted endothelial cells; FAECs), exposed to gamma rays, low/higher linear energy transfer (LET) protons (3⁻4 or 8⁻10 keV/µm, respectively), and mixed field radiation sources (gamma and protons), given at mission-relevant doses (0.25 gray (Gy)⁻1 Gy). We evaluated endothelial inflammatory phenotype, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and oxidative cell injury. LGM2605 (100 µM) was added 30 min post radiation exposure and gene expression changes evaluated 24 h later. Radiation induced a robust increase in mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes post 0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy gamma radiation, which was significantly decreased by LGM2605. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) induction by individual or mixed-field exposures were also significantly blunted by LGM2605. We conclude that LGM2605 is a likely candidate to reduce tissue damage from space-relevant radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chatterjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kyewon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alejandro Carabe-Fernandez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Abigail T Berman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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