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Indurkar A, Choudhary R, Rubenis K, Nimbalkar M, Sarakovskis A, Boccaccini AR, Locs J. Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Carboxylate: Synthesis and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26782-26792. [PMID: 37546623 PMCID: PMC10399191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is the first solid phase precipitated from a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. Naturally, ACP is formed during the initial stages of biomineralization and stabilized by an organic compound. Carboxylic groups containing organic compounds are known to regulate the nucleation and crystallization of hydroxyapatite. Therefore, from a biomimetic point of view, the synthesis of carboxylate ions containing ACP (ACPC) is valuable. Usually, ACP is synthesized with fewer steps than ACPC. The precipitation reaction of ACP is rapid and influenced by pH, temperature, precursor concentration, stirring conditions, and reaction time. Due to phosphates triprotic nature, controlling pH in a multistep approach becomes tedious. Here, we developed a new ACP and ACPC synthesis approach and thoroughly characterized the obtained materials. Results from vibration spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), true density, specific surface area, and ion release studies have shown a difference in the physiochemical properties of the ACP and ACPC. Additionally, the effect of a carboxylic ion type on the physiochemical properties of ACPC was characterized. All of the ACPs and ACPCs were synthesized in sterile conditions, and in vitro analysis was performed using MC-3T3E1 cells, revealing the cytocompatibility of the synthesized ACPs and ACPCs, of which the ACPC synthesized with citrate showed the highest cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Indurkar
- Rudolfs
Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU,
Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science
and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic
Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters
at Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Rajan Choudhary
- Rudolfs
Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU,
Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science
and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic
Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters
at Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Rubenis
- Rudolfs
Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU,
Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science
and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic
Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters
at Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Anatolijs Sarakovskis
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute
of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91085 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs
Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU,
Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science
and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic
Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters
at Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Street 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
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Yokoi T, Shimabukuro M, Kawashita M. Octacalcium phosphate with incorporated carboxylate ions: a review. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:434-445. [PMID: 35875328 PMCID: PMC9307112 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2094728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) belongs to a family of calcium phosphate compounds. OCP has unique crystal-chemical properties; among calcium phosphate compounds, only OCP can incorporate carboxylate ions into its crystal lattice. An OCP with incorporated carboxylate ions is called an OCP carboxylate (OCPC). OCPCs are investigated for applications in novel adsorbents, electrochemical devices, and biomaterials. Several wet methods are available for the synthesis of OCPCs, and the characteristics and advantages of each method are explained. Representative characterization methods, i.e. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, used for the detection of carboxylate ion incorporation into the OCP interlayers are explained. Various carboxylic acids can be incorporated into OCP, and these types of carboxylic acid are presented with reference to the latest research results. The incorporation of carboxylate ions into OCP represents a modification of the OCP crystal at the molecular level and can impart various functions. Challenging physicochemical and biomaterial applications of OCPCs are thus introduced, although they are still in the research phase. Finally, future perspectives and challenges for OCPC research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yokoi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimabukuro
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kawashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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The Influence of Different Classes of Amino Acids on Calcium Phosphates Seeded Growth. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214798. [PMID: 33121165 PMCID: PMC7662258 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) attract attention for elucidating the role of proteins in biomineralization and the preparation of functionalized biomaterials. The influence that AAs exert on calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization is still not completely understood, as contradictory results have been reported. In this paper, the influence of the addition of different classes of AAs, charged (L-aspartic acid, Asp; L-lysine, Lys), polar (L-asparagine, Asn; L-serine, Ser; L-tyrosine, Tyr), and non-polar (L-phenylalanine, Phe), on CaP growth in the presence of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate (DCPD) seeds was investigated. In control systems (without AAs), a calcium-deficient apatite (CaDHA) layer was formed on the surface of OCP, while a mixture of CaDHA and OCP in the form of spherical aggregates was formed on the surface of DCPD crystals. Charged and non-polar promoted, while polar AAs inhibited CaDHA formation on the OCP seeds. In the case of DCPD, Lys, Asp, and Phe promoted CaP formation, while the influence of other AAs was negligible. The most efficient promotor of precipitation in both cases was non-polar Phe. No significant influence of AAs on the composition and morphology of precipitates was observed. The obtained results are of interest for understanding biomineralization processes and additive controlled material synthesis.
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Larsson S, Hannink G. Injectable bone-graft substitutes: current products, their characteristics and indications, and new developments. Injury 2011; 42 Suppl 2:S30-4. [PMID: 21839446 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
More than a decade has passed since the first injectable bone substitutes were introduced for use in orthopaedic trauma, and over recent years the number of commercial products has increased dramatically. Despite the fact that these bone substitutes have been on the market for many years, knowledge amongst potential users on how and when they might be useful is still fairly limited. Most injectable bone substitutes belong to one of two major groups: by far the largest group contains products based on various calcium phosphate (CP) mixtures, whilst the smaller group consists of calcium sulphate (CS) compounds. Following mixing, the CP or CS paste can be injected into--for instance--a fracture space for augmentation as an alternative to bone graft, or around a screw for augmentation if the bone is weak. Within minutes an in situ process makes the substitute hard; the mechanical strength in compression resembles that of cancellous bone, whereas the strength in bending and shear is lower. Over time, CP products undergo remodelling through a cell-mediated process that seems to mimic the normal bone remodelling, whilst CS products are dissolved through a faster process that is not cell-mediated. For CP, a number of clinical studies have shown that it can be useful for augmentation of metaphyseal fractures when a space is present. Randomised studies have verified that CP works especially well in tibial plateau fractures when compared with conventional bone grafting. So far the number of clinical studies on CS products is very low. Development at present seems to be heading towards premixed or directly mixed products as well as new compounds that contain fibres or other components to enhance bending and shear strength. Products that are based on combinations of CP and CS are also being developed to combine the fast-dissolving CS with the stronger and more slowly remodelling CP. Injectable bone substitutes, and especially CS, have also been targeted as potentially good carriers for antibiotics and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Larsson
- Department of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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KAMITAKAHARA M, OHTSUKI C, TAKAHASHI A, TANIHARA M. Effect of Silane-Coupling Treatment on Thermal Decomposition of Octacalcium Phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2472/jsms.55.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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