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Yao JQ, Zhu L, Miao YF, Zhu L, Chen H, Yuan L, Hu J, Yi XL, Wu QT, Yang XJ, Wan MH, Tang WF. Optimal dosing time of Dachengqi decoction for protection of extrapancreatic organs in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3056-3075. [PMID: 32587448 PMCID: PMC7304110 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a pancreatic inflammatory disorder that is commonly complicated by extrapancreatic organ dysfunction. Dachengqi decoction (DCQD) has a potential role in protecting the extrapancreatic organs, but the optimal oral administration time remains unclear.
AIM To screen the appropriate oral administration time of DCQD for the protection of extrapancreatic organs based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AP rats.
METHODS This study consisted of two parts. In the first part, 24 rats were divided into a sham-operated group and three model groups. The four groups were intragastrically administered with DCQD (10 g/kg) at 4 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively, respectively. Tail vein blood was taken at nine time points after administration, and then the rats were euthanized and the extrapancreatic organ tissues were immediately collected. Finally, the concentrations of the major DCQD components in all samples were detected. In the second part, 84 rats were divided into a sham-operated group, as well as 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h treatment groups and corresponding control groups (4 h, 12 h, and 24 h control groups). Rats in the treatment groups were intragastrically administered with DCQD (10 g/kg) at 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively, respectively, and rats in the control groups were administered with normal saline at the same time points. Then, six rats from each group were euthanized at 4 h and 24 h after administration. Serum amylase and inflammatory mediators, and pathological scores of extrapancreatic organ tissues were evaluated.
RESULTS For part one, the pharmacokinetic parameters (C max, T max, T 1/2, and AUC 0 → t) of the major DCQD components and the tissue distribution of most DCQD components were better when administering DCQD at the later (12 h and 24 h) time points. For part two, delayed administration of DCQD resulted in lower IL-6 and amylase levels and relatively higher IL-10 levels, and pathological injury of extrapancreatic organ tissues was slightly less at 4 h after administration, while the results were similar between the treatment and corresponding control groups at 24 h after administration.
CONCLUSION Delayed administration of DCQD might reduce pancreatic exocrine secretions and ameliorate pathological injury in the extrapancreatic organs of AP rats, demonstrating that the late time is the optimal dosing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Yao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Digestive System Department, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Miao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi-Jing Yang
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei-Hua Wan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Fu Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Wicha SG, Mundkowski RG, Klock A, Hopt UT, Drewelow B, Kloft C, Wellner UF, Keck T, Wittel UA. Is Moxifloxacin a Treatment Option for Pancreatic Infections? A Pharmacometric Analysis of Serum and Pancreatic Juice. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1405-1414. [PMID: 31111505 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative local infection is a major complication after pancreatic surgery. The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to assess the potential of moxifloxacin (MXF) to treat pancreatic infections from a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) perspective. The PK of MXF in serum and pancreatic juice, via an inserted tube in the pancreatic duct, was determined in 19 patients up to day 7 after pancreatoduodenectomy. PK data in both specimens was analyzed with NONMEM 7.3. Intraoperative swipes were performed for microbiological examination. PK/PD target attainment was assessed in both matrices using unbound area under the plasma concentration-time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) targets of ≥30 and ≥100, for gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, respectively. A 2-compartment population PK model in which the measurements in pancreatic juice were assigned to a scaled peripheral compartment best described the PK in both specimens simultaneously. Median (10th-90th percentile) area under the plasma concentration-time curve values after the third dose were 28.9 mg · h/L (18.6-42.0) in serum and 55.8 mg · h/L (23.7-81.4) in pancreatic juice. Target attainment rate for the intraoperatively isolated bacterial strains was ≥0.88 after the third MXF dose. For gram-negatives, high probability of target attainment ≥0.84 was observed in serum for MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L and in pancreatic juice for MIC ≤ 0.25 mg/L. For gram-positives, the probability of target attainment was 0.84-1 in serum for MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L and in pancreatic juice for MIC ≤ 1 mg/L. In conclusion, penetration of MXF into pancreatic juice was substantial. The PK/PD analysis indicated that treatment of pancreatic infections by isolates with MIC ≤ 0.25 mg/L (gram-negative) and ≤1 mg/L (gram-positive) should be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Wicha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf G Mundkowski
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Klock
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich T Hopt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Drewelow
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich F Wellner
- Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Keck
- Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Uwe A Wittel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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Qu B, Chu Y, Zhu F, Wang B, Liu T, Yu B, Jin S. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21305-21314. [PMID: 28423506 PMCID: PMC5400585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases involving necrotic inflammation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have the potential of multi-directional differentiation and self-renewal for tissue repair. It remains less clear if granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can improve the therapeutic effect of BMMSC transplant in AP. Therefore, we explored this issue in a rat model of experimental AP. RESULTS Transplanted PKH26-positive BMMSCs were present in the injured pancreatic tissue, with some cells co-expressed pancreatic cellular markers, including Pax-4, Ngn3 and Nkx-6. Pathological, biochemical and serological data suggested an improvement in histological and functional recovery in these animals relative to control. Overall, the AP model rats received BMMSCs and G-CSF co-treatment showed better recovery in terms of tissue regeneration and blood biochemical levels relative to other groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS BMMSCs from donor rats were labeled with the fluorescent dye PKH26 and transfused into recipient rats with AP induced by L-arginine. The animals were divided into a control group, and groups treated with BMMSCs, G-CSF, and BMMSCs together with G-CSF. Therapeutic effects were evaluated histologically with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, together with biochemical measurement of pancreatic markers. CONCLUSION G-CSF therapy with BMMSC transplantation improves histological and functional outcomes in rats with experimental AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yanjie Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First People's Hospital of Yongkang, Zhejiang Province, 321300, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of the Second Internal Medicine Ward, The Yellow River Hospital, Tianjin, 300101, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Tailai County People's Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, 162400, China
| | - Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
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Seifert GJ, Poxleitner PJ, Richter SC, Hopt UT, Wittel UA. Dissecting the effect of moxifloxacin in mice with infected necrosis in taurocholate induced necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2014; 14:179-85. [PMID: 24854613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the limited benefit of antibiotics in ameliorating the outcome of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, we analyzed antibiotic therapy in primarily infected necrotizing pancreatitis in mice with respect to the local pancreatic pathology as well as systemic, pancreatitis induced adverse events. METHODS Sterile pancreatic necrosis (SN) was induced by retrograde injection of 4% taurocholate in the common bile duct of Balb/c mice. Primarily infected pancreatic necrosis (IN) was induced by co-injecting 10(8) CFU/ml Escherichia coli. 10 mg/kg of moxifloxacin was administered prior to pancreatitis induction (AN). After 24 h, animals were sacrificed to examine serum as well as organs for signs of SIRS. RESULTS Moxifloxacin significantly reduced bacterial count in pancreatic lysates of animals with infected pancreatic necrosis (IN 4.1·10(7) ± 2.4·10(7) vs. AN 4.9·10(4) ± 2.6·10(4) CFU/g; p < 0.001). However, it did not alter pancreatic histology or pulmonary damage (Histology score: IN 23.8 ± 2.7 vs. AN 22.6 ± 1.7). Moxifloxacin reduced systemic immunoactivation (Serum IL-6: IN 330.5 ± 336.6 vs. 38.7 ± 25.5 pg/ml; p < 0.001), hypoglycemia (serum glucose: IN 105.8 ± 12.7 vs. AN 155.7 ± 39.5 mg/dl; p < 0.001), and serum aspartate aminotransferase (IN 606 ± 89.7 vs. AN 255 ± 52.1; p < 0.05). These parameters were significantly increased in animals with necrotizing pancreatitis. CONCLUSION In the experimental setting, initial antibiotic therapy with moxifloxacin in acute infected necrotizing pancreatitis in mice does not have a beneficial impact on pancreatic pathology or pulmonary damage. However, other systemic complications induced by infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis are reduced by the administration of moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Seifert
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp J Poxleitner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich T Hopt
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe A Wittel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection of pancreatic necrosis in necrotizing pancreatitis increases the lethality of patients with acute pancreatitis. To examine mechanisms underlying this clinical observation, we developed and tested a model, in which primary infection of necrosis is achieved in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Sterile necrosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by retrograde injection of 4% taurocholate into the common bile duct of Balb/c mice. Primary infection of pancreatic necrosis was induced by coinjecting 10 colony-forming units of Escherichia coli. Animals were killed after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 120 hours, and pancreatic damage and pancreatitis-associated systemic inflammatory response were assessed. RESULTS Mice with pancreatic acinar cell necrosis had an increased bacterial concentration in all tissues and showed sustained bacteremia. Acute pancreatitis was induced only by coinjection of taurocholate and not by bacterial infection alone. Infection of pancreatic necrosis increased pancreatic damage and the pulmonary vascular leak. Serum glucose concentrations serving as a parameter of hepatic function were reduced in mice with infected pancreatic necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Primary infection of pancreatic necrosis with E. coli increases both pancreatic damage and pulmonary and hepatic complications in acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice.
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Szultka M, Kegler R, Fuchs P, Olszowy P, Miekisch W, Schubert JK, Buszewski B, Mundkowski RG. Polypyrrole solid phase microextraction: A new approach to rapid sample preparation for the monitoring of antibiotic drugs. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 667:77-82. [PMID: 20441869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple or even rapid bioanalytical methods are rare, since they generally involve complicated, time-consuming sample preparation from the biological matrices like LLE or SPE. SPME provides a promising approach to overcome these limitations. The full potential of this innovative technique for medical diagnostics, pharmacotherapy or biochemistry has not been tapped yet. In-house manufactured SPME probes with polypyrrole (PPy) coating were evaluated using three antibiotics of high clinical relevance - linezolid, daptomycin, and moxifloxacin - from PBS, plasma, and whole blood. The PPy coating was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. Influences of pH, inorganic salt, and blood anticoagulants were studied for optimum performance. Extraction yields were determined from stagnant media as well as re-circulating human blood using the heart-and-lung machine model system. The PPy-SPME fibres showed high extraction yields, particularly regarding linezolid. The reproducibility of the method was optimised to achieve RSDs of 9% or 17% and 7% for SPME from stagnant or re-circulating blood using fresh and re-used fibres, respectively. The PPy-SPME approach was demonstrated to meet the requirements of therapeutic monitoring of the drugs tested, even from re-circulating blood at physiological flow rates. SPME represents a rapid and simple dual-step procedure with potency to significantly reduce the effort and expenditure of complicated sample preparations in biomedical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Szultka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus, Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Gong HL, Tang WF, Yu Q, Xiang J, Xia Q, Chen GY, Huang X, Liang MZ. Effect of severe acute pancreatitis on pharmacokinetics of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction components. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5992-9. [PMID: 20014465 PMCID: PMC2795188 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) on pharmacokinetics of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) components in rats.
METHODS: Rats were divided into SAP group and sham-operation group as a control group (n = 6). Rhein, chrysophanol, rheochrysidin, magnolol, hesperidin and naringin in DCQD were quantified in rat serum by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for studying their pharmacokinetics.
RESULTS: Early absorption of each DCQD component was tended to degrade in SAP group after treatment with DCQD by gavage. The Cmax (chrysophanol, P = 0.0059; rheochrysidin, P = 0.0288; magnolol, P = 0.0487; hesperidin, P = 0.0277; naringin, P = 0.0023) and AUC (rhein, P = 0.0186; chrysophanol, P = 0.0013; magnolol, P = 0.001; hesperidin, P = 0.0081; naringin, P = 0.0272) of DCQD component were obviously lower in SAP group than in control group. The T1/2α of chrysophanol and rheochrysidin (P = 0.0467 and 0.0005, respectively) and Tmax of chrysophanol and rheochrysidin (P = 0.0101 and 0.0037, respectively) lasted longer in SAP group than in control group.
CONCLUSION: SAP can significantly impact the absorption of DCQD components in rats and their pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Siewert S. Validation of a levofloxacin HPLC assay in plasma and dialysate for pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1360-2. [PMID: 16563690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method with fluorescence detection suitable for routine determination of levofloxacin in plasma and dialysate has been validated. Sample preparation was assured by one-step protein precipitation for plasma or direct injection of the dialysate solution, respectively. Separation occurred on an YMC Pro C18 RP column (150 mm x 2 mm) with an acidic binary gradient mobile phase and detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 296 and 504 nm. The assay was linear between 0.1 and 6 microg/ml for plasma and 0.1 and 5 microg/ml for dialysate with intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy lower than 10%. No degradation of levofloxacin was observed under the applied conditions for both matrices. The method was successfully applied to an in vitro pharmacokinetic study and patient samples as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siewert
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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