1
|
Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yaqub A, Khan SR, Vernooij MW, van Hagen PM, Peeters RP, Ikram MA, Chaker L, Dalm VASH. Serum immunoglobulins and biomarkers of dementia: a population-based study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:194. [PMID: 37936180 PMCID: PMC10629143 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a key role in the development of dementia, but its link to early biomarkers, particularly those in plasma or neuroimaging, remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum immunoglobulins and biomarkers of dementia. METHODS Between 1997 and 2009, serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) were measured in dementia-free participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study. A random subset of participants had assessment of biomarkers in plasma (total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light chain (NfL), amyloid-β40 (Aβ-40), amyloid-β42 (Aβ-42), while another subset of participants underwent neuroimaging to quantify brain volume, white matter structural integrity and markers of cerebral small vessel disease. Linear regression models were constructed to determine cross-sectional associations between IgA, IgG, IgM and biomarkers of dementia, with adjustment for potential confounders. Multiple testing correction was applied using the false discovery rate. As a sensitivity analysis, we re-ran the models for participants within the reference range of immunoglobulins, excluding those using immunomodulating drugs, and conducted a stratified analysis by APOE-ε4 carriership and sex. RESULTS Of 8,768 participants with serum immunoglobulins, 3,455 participants (65.8 years [interquartile range (IQR): 61.5-72.0], 57.2% female) had plasma biomarkers available and 3,139 participants (57.4 years [IQR: 52.7-60.7], 54.4% female) had neuroimaging data. Overall, no associations between serum immunoglobulins and biomarkers of dementia remained significant after correction for multiple testing. However, several suggestive associations were noted: higher serum IgA levels concurred with lower plasma levels of Aβ-42 (standardized adjusted mean difference: -0.015 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.029--0.002], p = 2.8 × 10-2), and a lower total brain volume, mainly driven by less gray matter (-0.027 [-0.046--0.008], p = 6.0 × 10-3) and more white matter hyperintensities (0.047 [0.016 - 0.077], p = 3.0 × 10-3). In sensitivity analyses, higher IgM was linked to lower t-tau, Aβ-40, and Aβ-42, but also a loss of white matter microstructural integrity. Stratified analyses indicate that these associations potentially differ between carriers and non-carriers of the APOE-ε4 allele and men and women. CONCLUSIONS While associations between serum immunoglobulins and early markers of dementia could not be established in this population-based sample, it may be valuable to consider factors such as APOE-ε4 allele carriership and sex in future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Yaqub
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samer R Khan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Navale GR, Chauhan R, Saini S, Roy P, Ghosh K. Effect of cycloastragenol and punicalagin on Prp(106-126) and Aβ(25-35) oligomerization and fibrillizaton. Biophys Chem 2023; 302:107108. [PMID: 37734278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders, including prion, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are identified as being caused by alterations in protein conformation, aggregation, and metal ion dyshomeostasis. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the exploration and study of natural products (NPs) from plant and microbial sources for their therapeutic potential against several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have examined the effect of two NPs, cycloastragenol (CAG) and punicalagin (PCG), on the metal-induced oligomerization and aggregation of Aβ25-35 and PrP106-126 peptides. The peptide aggregation and inhibitory properties of both NPs were examined by the thioflavin-T (ThT) assay, MALDI-TOF, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Among the two NPs, PCG significantly binds to the peptides, chelates metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+), inhibits peptide aggregation, substantially reduces oxidative stress, and controls the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both NPs exhibited low cytotoxicity and prominently mitigated peptide-mediated cell cytotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells by covalent bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Navale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Rahul Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Plantone D, Pardini M, Locci S, Nobili F, De Stefano N. B Lymphocytes in Alzheimer's Disease-A Comprehensive Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1241-1262. [PMID: 35754274 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia and is characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, pathologic intracellular tau protein tangles, and neuronal loss. Increasing evidence has been accumulating over the past years, supporting a pivotal role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. Microglia, monocytes, astrocytes, and neurons have been shown to play a major role in AD-associated inflammation. However recent studies showed that the role of both T and B lymphocytes may be important. In particular, B lymphocytes are the cornerstone of humoral immunity, they constitute a heterogenous population of immune cells, being their mature subsets significantly impacted by the inflammatory milieu. The role of B lymphocytes on AD pathogenesis is gaining interest for several reasons. Indeed, the majority of elderly people develop the process of "inflammaging", which is characterized by increased blood levels of proinflammatory molecules associated with an elevated susceptibility to chronic diseases. Epitope-specific alteration pattern of naturally occurring antibodies targeting the amino-terminus and the mid-domain of Aβ in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid has been described in AD patients. Moreover, a possible therapeutic role of B lymphocytes depletion was recently demonstrated in murine AD models. Interestingly, active immunization against Aβ and tau, one of the main therapeutic strategies under investigation, depend on B lymphocytes. Finally. several molecules being tested in AD clinical trials can modify the homeostasis of B cells. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the role of B lymphocytes in AD from the pathogenesis to the possible therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Plantone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Locci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Amyloids are organized suprastructural polypeptide arrangements. The prevalence of amyloid-related processes of pathophysiological relevance has been linked to aging-related degenerative diseases. Besides the role of genetic polymorphisms on the relative risk of amyloid diseases, the contributions of nongenetic ontogenic cluster of factors remain elusive. In recent decades, mounting evidences have been suggesting the role of essential micronutrients, in particular transition metals, in the regulation of amyloidogenic processes, both directly (such as binding to amyloid proteins) or indirectly (such as regulating regulatory partners, processing enzymes, and membrane transporters). The features of transition metals as regulatory cofactors of amyloid proteins and the consequences of metal dyshomeostasis in triggering amyloidogenic processes, as well as the evidences showing amelioration of symptoms by dietary supplementation, suggest an exaptative role of metals in regulating amyloid pathways. The self- and cross-talk replicative nature of these amyloid processes along with their systemic distribution support the concept of their metastatic nature. The role of amyloidosis as nutrient sensors would act as intra- and transgenerational epigenetic metabolic programming factors determining health span and life span, viability, which could participate as an evolutive selective pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory for Macromolecules (LAMAC-DIMAV), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tháyna Sisnande
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kocurova G, Ricny J, Ovsepian SV. Autoantibodies targeting neuronal proteins as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Theranostics 2022; 12:3045-3056. [PMID: 35547759 PMCID: PMC9065204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are associated with the accumulation of a range of misfolded proteins across the central nervous system and related autoimmune responses, including the generation of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. Both innate and adaptive immunity become mobilized, leading to cellular and humoral effects. The role of humoral immunity in disease onset and progression remains to be elucidated with rising evidence suggestive of positive (protection, repair) and negative (injury, toxicity) outcomes. In this study, we review advances in research of neuron-targeting autoantibodies in the most prevalent NDDs. We discuss their biological origin, molecular diversity and changes in the course of diseases, consider their relevance to the initiation and progression of pathology as well as diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is suggested that the emerging autoimmune aspects of NDDs not only could facilitate the early detection but also might help to elucidate previously unknown facets of pathobiology with relevance to the development of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kocurova
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Acute Effects of Two Different Species of Amyloid- β on Oscillatory Activity and Synaptic Plasticity in the Commissural CA3-CA1 Circuit of the Hippocampus. Neural Plast 2021; 2020:8869526. [PMID: 33381164 PMCID: PMC7765721 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) species induce imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory transmission, resulting in neural network functional impairment and cognitive deficits during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To evaluate the in vivo effects of two soluble Aβ species (Aβ25-35 and Aβ1-40) on commissural CA3-to-CA1 (cCA3-to-CA1) synaptic transmission and plasticity, and CA1 oscillatory activity, we used acute intrahippocampal microinjections in adult anaesthetized male Wistar rats. Soluble Aβ microinjection increased cCA3-to-CA1 synaptic variability without significant changes in synaptic efficiency. High-frequency CA3 stimulation was rendered inefficient by soluble Aβ intrahippocampal injection to induce long-term potentiation and to enhance synaptic variability in CA1, contrasting with what was observed in vehicle-injected subjects. Although soluble Aβ microinjection significantly increased the relative power of γ-band and ripple oscillations and significantly shifted the average vector of θ-to-γ phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in CA1, it prevented θ-to-γ PAC shift induced by high-frequency CA3 stimulation, opposite to what was observed in vehicle-injected animals. These results provide further evidence that soluble Aβ species induce synaptic dysfunction causing abnormal synaptic variability, impaired long-term plasticity, and deviant oscillatory activity, leading to network activity derailment in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ralbovsky NM, Halámková L, Wall K, Anderson-Hanley C, Lednev IK. Screening for Alzheimer's Disease Using Saliva: A New Approach Based on Machine Learning and Raman Hyperspectroscopy. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:1351-1359. [PMID: 31524171 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are being diagnosed at epidemic rates, with incidence to triple from 35 to 115 million cases worldwide. Most ADRDs are characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The ideal moment for diagnosing ADRDs is during the earliest stages of its progression; however, current diagnostic methods are inefficient, expensive, and unsuccessful at making diagnoses during the earliest stages of the disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this project was to utilize Raman hyperspectroscopy in combination with machine learning to develop a novel method for the diagnosis of AD based on the analysis of saliva. METHODS Raman hyperspectroscopy was used to analyze saliva samples collected from normative, AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals. Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks machine learning techniques were applied to the spectral dataset to build a diagnostic algorithm. RESULTS Internal cross-validation showed 99% accuracy for differentiating the three classes; blind external validation was conducted using an independent dataset to further verify the results, achieving 100% accuracy. CONCLUSION Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of saliva has a remarkable potential for use as a non-invasive, efficient, and accurate method for diagnosing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.,The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Science, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Wall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA
| | - Cay Anderson-Hanley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.,The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Science, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee EY, Srinivasan Y, de Anda J, Nicastro LK, Tükel Ç, Wong GCL. Functional Reciprocity of Amyloids and Antimicrobial Peptides: Rethinking the Role of Supramolecular Assembly in Host Defense, Immune Activation, and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1629. [PMID: 32849553 PMCID: PMC7412598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological self-assembly is a concept that is classically associated with amyloids, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease and α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. In prokaryotic organisms, amyloids are assembled extracellularly in a similar fashion to human amyloids. Pathogenicity of amyloids is attributed to their ability to transform into several distinct structural states that reflect their downstream biological consequences. While the oligomeric forms of amyloids are thought to be responsible for their cytotoxicity via membrane permeation, their fibrillar conformations are known to interact with the innate immune system to induce inflammation. Furthermore, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic amyloids can self-assemble into molecular chaperones to bind nucleic acids, enabling amplification of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Recent work has shown that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) follow a strikingly similar paradigm. Previously, AMPs were thought of as peptides with the primary function of permeating microbial membranes. Consistent with this, many AMPs are facially amphiphilic and can facilitate membrane remodeling processes such as pore formation and fusion. We show that various AMPs and chemokines can also chaperone and organize immune ligands into amyloid-like ordered supramolecular structures that are geometrically optimized for binding to TLRs, thereby amplifying immune signaling. The ability of amphiphilic AMPs to self-assemble cooperatively into superhelical protofibrils that form structural scaffolds for the ordered presentation of immune ligands like DNA and dsRNA is central to inflammation. It is interesting to explore the notion that the assembly of AMP protofibrils may be analogous to that of amyloid aggregates. Coming full circle, recent work has suggested that Aβ and other amyloids also have AMP-like antimicrobial functions. The emerging perspective is one in which assembly affords a more finely calibrated system of recognition and response: the detection of single immune ligands, immune ligands bound to AMPs, and immune ligands spatially organized to varying degrees by AMPs, result in different immunologic outcomes. In this framework, not all ordered structures generated during multi-stepped AMP (or amyloid) assembly are pathological in origin. Supramolecular structures formed during this process serve as signatures to the innate immune system to orchestrate immune amplification in a proportional, situation-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yashes Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauren K Nicastro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li XW, Li XX, Liu QS, Cheng Y. Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Autoantibody to Aβ Levels in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: a Meta-Analysis Study. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1208-1215. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Bartos A, Fialová L, Švarcová J. Lower Serum Antibodies Against Tau Protein and Heavy Neurofilament in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:751-760. [PMID: 29966192 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike antibodies against amyloid-β, little is known about serum antibodies to neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to study IgG autoantibodies against tau protein, light (NFL) and heavy subunits (NFH) of neurofilaments in serum of AD patients and elderly controls and to explore the evolution of antineurocytoskeletal antibody levels over time. METHODS Antibodies against three targets (tau, NFL, and NFH) were measured using ELISA in 100 serum samples from 51 cognitively normal elderly controls and 49 patients with AD. Our primary cross-sectional design was further extended to monitor fluctuations over 1-2 years in a subset of individuals. RESULTS The AD patients had lower levels of anti-tau antibodies (p = 0.03) and even lower anti-NFH antibodies (p = 0.005) than those in the control group at baseline. On the contrary, anti-NFL antibodies or total IgG concentrations in serum did not differ. All three antibodies remained stable in both groups except for a selective and significant anti-tau decline in AD patients (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The different responses to these antigens suggest some antibody selectivity in AD. The significant decline was observed for only serum anti-tau antibodies in AD patients over time and it corresponds to lower anti-tau levels in these patients. Our findings indicate a special feature of disease-relevant antigens and humoral autoimmunity in AD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gruden MA, Davydova TV, Kudrin VS, Wang C, Narkevich VB, Morozova-Roche LA, Sewell RDE. S100A9 Protein Aggregates Boost Hippocampal Glutamate Modifying Monoaminergic Neurochemistry: A Glutamate Antibody Sensitive Outcome on Alzheimer-like Memory Decline. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:568-577. [PMID: 29160692 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves dementia conceivably arising from integrated inflammatory processes, amyloidogenesis, and neuronal apoptosis. Glutamate can also cause neuronal death via excitotoxicity, and this is similarly implicated in some neurological diseases. The aim was to examine treatment with in vitro generated proinflammatory protein S100A9 aggregate species alone or with glutamate antibodies (Glu-Abs) on Morris water maze (MWM) spatial learning and memory performance in 12 month old mice. Amino acid and monoamine cerebral neurotransmitter metabolic changes were concurrently monitored. Initially, S100A9 fibrils were morphologically verified by atomic force microscopy and Thioflavin T assay. They were then administered intranasally alone or with Glu-Abs for 14 days followed by a 5 day MWM protocol before hippocampal and prefrontal cortical neurochemical analysis. S100A9 aggregates evoked spatial amnesia which correlated with disrupted glutamate and dopaminergic neurochemistry. Hippocampal glutamate release, elevation of DOPAC and HVA, as well as DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA ratios were subsequently reduced by Glu-Abs which simultaneously prevented the spatial memory deficit. The present outcomes emphasized the pathogenic nature of S100A9 fibrillar aggregates in causing spatial memory amnesia associated with enhanced hippocampal glutamate release and DA-ergic disruption in the aging brain. This finding might be exploited during dementia management through a neuroprotective strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Gruden
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315 Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Davydova
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315 Russia
| | | | - Chao Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | | | | | - Robert D. E. Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sommer A, Winner B, Prots I. The Trojan horse - neuroinflammatory impact of T cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:78. [PMID: 29078813 PMCID: PMC5658940 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal degeneration is a common mechanism of many neurological diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). While AD and PD are classical neurodegenerative diseases, the primary pathology in MS is driven by autoimmune inflammation, attacking oligodendrocytes and thereby inducing neurodegeneration. In AD and PD, immune cells are also considered to play an important role in the disease progression. While the role of local central nervous system (CNS) innate immune cells is well described, a potential influence of adaptive immune cells in PD and AD is not yet fully understood. Here, we aim to summarize findings concerning adaptive immune cells in PD pathogenesis and compare them to AD and MS. In the first part, we focus on disease-specific alterations of lymphocytes in the circulating blood. Subsequently, we describe what is known about CNS-infiltrated lymphocytes and mechanisms of their infiltration. Finally, we summarize published data and try to understand the mechanisms of how lymphocytes contribute to neurodegeneration in PD, AD, and MS. Lymphocytes are critically involved in the pathogenesis of MS, and clarifying the role of lymphocytes in PD and AD pathogenesis might lead to an identification of a common signature of lymphocytes in neurodegeneration and thus pave the road towards novel treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sommer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Gruden MA, Davydova TV, Fomina VG, Vetrile LA, Morozova-Roche LA, Sewell RDE. Antibodies to Glutamate Reversed the Amnesic Effects of Proinflammatory S100A9 Protein Fibrils in Aged C57Bl/6 Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 162:430-432. [PMID: 28239790 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intranasal administration of fibrillar structures of proinflammatory S100A9 protein impaired passive avoidance learning in old C57Bl/6 mice. Combined treatment with S100A9 fibrils and antibodies to glutamate was followed by an increase in horizontal locomotor activity of animals in the open-field test and did not disturb spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Gruden
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - T V Davydova
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Fomina
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Vetrile
- Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Morozova-Roche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - R D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10, 3NB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hara H, Ono F, Nakamura S, Matsumoto SE, Jin H, Hattori N, Tabira T. An Oral Aβ Vaccine Using a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector in Aged Monkeys: Reduction in Plaque Amyloid and Increase in Aβ Oligomers. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:1047-1059. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hara
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ono
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Shiomi, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shin-ei Matsumoto
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tabira
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Söllvander S, Ekholm-Pettersson F, Brundin RM, Westman G, Kilander L, Paulie S, Lannfelt L, Sehlin D. Increased Number of Plasma B Cells Producing Autoantibodies Against Aβ42 Protofibrils in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:63-72. [PMID: 26401929 PMCID: PMC4923756 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) has a propensity to aggregate into various assemblies including toxic soluble Aβ protofibrils. Several studies have reported the existence of anti-Aβ antibodies in humans. However, it is still debated whether levels of anti-Aβ antibodies are altered in AD patients compared to healthy individuals. Formation of immune complexes with plasma Aβ makes it difficult to reliably measure the concentration of circulating anti-Aβ antibodies with certain immunoassays, potentially leading to an underestimation. Here we have investigated anti-Aβ antibody production on a cellular level by measuring the amount of anti-Aβ antibody producing cells instead of the plasma level of anti-Aβ antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first time the anti-Aβ antibody response in plasma has been compared in AD patients and age-matched healthy individuals using the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) technique. Both AD patients and healthy individuals had low levels of B cells producing antibodies binding Aβ40 monomers, whereas the number of cells producing antibodies toward Aβ42 protofibrils was higher overall and significantly higher in AD compared to healthy controls. This study shows, by an alternative and reliable method, that there is a specific immune response to the toxic Aβ protofibrils, which is significantly increased in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Söllvander
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frida Ekholm-Pettersson
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Brundin
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Westman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health & Caring Sciences/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arrieta-Cruz I, Knight CM, Gutiérrez-Juárez R. Acute Exposure of the Mediobasal Hypothalamus to Amyloid-β25-35 Perturbs Hepatic Glucose Metabolism. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:843-8. [PMID: 25869787 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a higher risk for developing insulin resistance and diabetes. Amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD, are composed of amyloid-β (Aβ). Because the mediobasal hypothalamus controls hepatic glucose production, we examined the hypothesis that its exposure to Aβ perturbs the regulation of glucose metabolism. The infusion of Aβ25-35, but not its scrambled counterpart, into the mediobasal hypothalamus of young rats, increased circulating glucose as a consequence of enhanced hepatic glucose production during pancreatic clamp studies. These findings suggest a link between AD and alterations of glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Basic Research, National Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Colette M Knight
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghobeh M, Ahmadian S, Meratan AA, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Ghasemi A, Shafizadeh M, Nemat-Gorgani M. Interaction of Aβ(25-35) fibrillation products with mitochondria: Effect of small-molecule natural products. Biopolymers 2016; 102:473-86. [PMID: 25297917 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The 25-35 fragment of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a naturally occurring proteolytic by-product that retains the pathophysiology of its larger parent molecule, whose deposition has been shown to involve mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, disruption of Aβ(25-35) aggregates could afford an effective remedial strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the effect of a number of selected small-molecule natural products (polyphenols: resveratrol, quercetin, biochanin A, and indoles: indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-carbinol (I3C)) on Aβ(25-35) fibrillogenesis was explored under physiological conditions, and interaction of the resulting structures with rat brain mitochondria was investigated. Several techniques, including fluorescence, circular dichroism, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the aggregation products, and possible mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was determined following release of marker enzymes. Results demonstrate the capacity of Aβ(25-35) fibrils to damage mitochondria and suggest how small molecules may afford protection. While I3C appeared more effective in inhibiting the fibrillation process, all natural products behaved similarly in destabilizing preformed aggregates. It is concluded that elucidation of such protection may provide important insights into the development of preventive and therapeutic agents for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghobeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The misfolded pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 disrupts memory via neurochemical remodelling instigating an Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive deficit. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:106-16. [PMID: 26965570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits may develop from a variety of neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease dementia. During neurodegenerative conditions there are contributory factors such as neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis involved in memory impairment. In the present study, dual properties of S100A9 protein as a pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic agent were explored in the passive avoidance memory task along with neurochemical assays in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged mice. S100A9 oligomers and fibrils were generated in vitro and verified by AFM, Thioflavin T and A11 antibody binding. Native S100A9 as well as S100A9 oligomers and fibrils or their combination were administered intranasally over 14 days followed by behavioral and neurochemical analysis. Both oligomers and fibrils evoked amnestic activity which correlated with disrupted prefrontal cortical and hippocampal dopaminergic neurochemistry. The oligomer-fibril combination produced similar but weaker neurochemistry to the fibrils administered alone but without passive avoidance amnesia. Native S100A9 did not modify memory task performance even though it generated a general and consistent decrease in monoamine levels (DA, 5-HT and NA) and increased metabolic marker ratios of DA and 5-HT turnover (DOPAC/DA, HVA/DA and 5-HIAA) in the prefrontal cortex. These results provide insight into a novel pathogenetic mechanism underlying amnesia in a fear-aggravated memory task based on amyloidogenesis of a pro-inflammatory factor leading to disrupted brain neurochemistry in the aged brain. The data further suggests that amyloid species of S100A9 create deleterious effects principally on the dopaminergic system and this novel finding might be potentially exploited during dementia management through a neuroprotective strategy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar S, Thangakani AM, Nagarajan R, Singh SK, Velmurugan D, Gromiha MM. Autoimmune Responses to Soluble Aggregates of Amyloidogenic Proteins Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Overlapping Aggregation Prone and Autoimmunogenic regions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22258. [PMID: 26924748 PMCID: PMC4770294 DOI: 10.1038/srep22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases generate autoantibodies that selectively bind soluble aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins? Presently, molecular basis of interactions between the soluble aggregates and human immune system is unknown. By analyzing sequences of experimentally validated T-cell autoimmune epitopes, aggregating peptides, amyloidogenic proteins and randomly generated peptides, here we report overlapping regions that likely drive aggregation as well as generate autoantibodies against the aggregates. Sequence features, that make short peptides susceptible to aggregation, increase their incidence in human T-cell autoimmune epitopes by 4–6 times. Many epitopes are predicted to be significantly aggregation prone (aggregation propensities ≥10%) and the ones containing experimentally validated aggregating regions are enriched in hydrophobicity by 10–20%. Aggregate morphologies also influence Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) - types recognized by the aggregating regions containing epitopes. Most (88%) epitopes that contain amyloid fibril forming regions bind HLA-DR, while majority (63%) of those containing amorphous β-aggregating regions bind HLA-DQ. More than two-thirds (70%) of human amyloidogenic proteins contain overlapping regions that are simultaneously aggregation prone and auto-immunogenic. Such regions help clear soluble aggregates by generating selective autoantibodies against them. This can be harnessed for early diagnosis of proteinopathies and for drug/vaccine design against them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield MO 63017, USA
| | - A Mary Thangakani
- Center for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics and Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - R Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Satish K Singh
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield MO 63017, USA
| | - D Velmurugan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics and Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A single intracerebroventricular Aβ25–35 infusion leads to prolonged alterations in arginine metabolism in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2015; 298:367-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
23
|
Metabolomics reveals significant impairments in the immune system of the APP/PS1 transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:577-87. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
Lazcano Z, Solis O, Bringas ME, Limón D, Diaz A, Espinosa B, García-Peláez I, Flores G, Guevara J. Unilateral injection of Aβ25-35in the hippocampus reduces the number of dendritic spines in hyperglycemic rats. Synapse 2014; 68:585-594. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zayda Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Oscar Solis
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - María Elena Bringas
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Isabel García-Peláez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bobylev AG, Bobyleva LG, Vikhlyantsev IM, Ulanova AD, Salmov NN, Podlubnaya ZA. Comparative studies of amyloid properties of muscles proteins and brain Aβ-peptides and identification of approaches to destruction of their amyloids in vitro. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
26
|
Amyloid Beta peptides differentially affect hippocampal theta rhythms in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2013; 2013:328140. [PMID: 23878547 PMCID: PMC3708430 DOI: 10.1155/2013/328140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid beta peptide (A β ) is responsible for the early cognitive dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease. Both cholinergically and glutamatergically induced hippocampal theta rhythms are related to learning and memory, spatial navigation, and spatial memory. However, these two types of theta rhythms are not identical; they are associated with different behaviors and can be differentially modulated by diverse experimental conditions. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether or not application of soluble A β alters the two types of theta frequency oscillatory network activity generated in rat hippocampal slices by application of the cholinergic and glutamatergic agonists carbachol or DHPG, respectively. Due to previous evidence that oscillatory activity can be differentially affected by different A β peptides, we also compared Aβ 25-35 and Aβ 1-42 for their effects on theta rhythms in vitro at similar concentrations (0.5 to 1.0 μ M). We found that Aβ 25-35 reduces, with less potency than Aβ 1-42, carbachol-induced population theta oscillatory activity. In contrast, DHPG-induced oscillatory activity was not affected by a high concentration of Aβ 25-35 but was reduced by Aβ 1-42. Our results support the idea that different amyloid peptides might alter specific cellular mechanisms related to the generation of specific neuronal network activities, instead of exerting a generalized inhibitory effect on neuronal network function.
Collapse
|
27
|
Podlubnaya ZA, Bobylev AG. On functional amyloids of muscle proteins of titin family. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
28
|
Gruden MA, Yanamandra K, Kucheryanu VG, Bocharova OR, Sherstnev VV, Morozova-Roche LA, Sewell RDE. Correlation between protective immunity to α-synuclein aggregates, oxidative stress and inflammation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:334-342. [PMID: 22986484 DOI: 10.1159/000341400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein aggregation leading to central amyloid deposition is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). During disease progression, inflammation and oxidative stress may well invoke humoral immunity against pathological aggregates of PD-associated α-synuclein. The aim was to investigate any possible concurrence between autoimmune responses to α-synuclein monomers, oligomers or fibrils with oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS The formation of α-synuclein amyloid species was assessed by thioflavin-T assay and atomic force microscopy was employed to confirm their morphology. Serum autoantibody titers to α-synuclein conformations were determined by ELISA. Enzyme activity and concentrations of oxidative stress/inflammatory indicators were evaluated by enzyme and ELISA protocols. RESULTS In PD patient sera, a differential increase in autoantibody titers to α-synuclein monomers, toxic oligomers or fibrils was associated with boosted levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, but a decrease in interferon-γ concentration. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde were elevated whilst those of glutathione were reduced along with decrements in the activity of the antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione transferase. CONCLUSIONS It is hypothesized that the generation of α-synuclein amyloid aggregates allied with oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions may invoke humoral immunity protecting against dopaminergic neuronal death. Hence, humoral immunity is a common integrative factor throughout PD progression which is directed towards prevention of further neurodegeneration, so potential treatment strategies should attempt to maintain PD patient immune status.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bach JP, Dodel R. Naturally occurring autoantibodies against β-Amyloid. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:91-9. [PMID: 22903668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring antibodies (NAbs) have been described for more than 30 years. Recently, NAbs against β-Amyloid and against other proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders have been detected in humans. Based on the current evidence, it is hypothesized that anti-Aβ NAbs can inhibit the fibrillation and toxicity of β-aymloid, can improve cognition in a transgenic mouse model and interfere with oligomers of Aβ. Different functions of these NAbs have been described in the current literature. Based on the results of the diverse studies a Phase-III study using IVIG has been initiated in patients with AD. The results will show whether the application of NAbs will change the fate of the disease. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge on NAbs against Aβ.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu P, Jing Y, Collie ND, Campbell SA, Zhang H. Pre-aggregated Aβ25–35 alters arginine metabolism in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2011; 193:269-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
31
|
Klaver AC, Coffey MP, Smith LM, Bennett DA, Finke JM, Dang L, Loeffler DA. ELISA measurement of specific non-antigen-bound antibodies to Aβ1-42 monomer and soluble oligomers in sera from Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitively impaired, and noncognitively impaired subjects. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:93. [PMID: 21827691 PMCID: PMC3162899 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature contains conflicting results regarding the status of serum anti-Aβ antibody concentrations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reduced levels of these antibodies have been suggested to contribute to the development of this disorder. The conflicting results may be due to polyvalent antibodies, antibody "masking" due to Aβ binding, methodological differences, and/or small sample sizes. The objectives of this pilot study were to compare serum anti-Aβ antibody concentrations between AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and elderly noncognitively impaired (NCI) subjects while addressing these issues, and to perform power analyses to determine appropriate group sizes for future studies employing this approach. Methods Serum antibodies to Aβ1-42 monomer and soluble oligomers in AD, MCI, and NCI subjects (10/group) were measured by ELISA, subtracting polyvalent antibody binding and dissociating antibody-antigen complexes. Differences in mean antibody levels were assessed for significance with repeated measures ANOVA using restricted maximum likelihood estimation, using Tukey-Kramer tests and confidence intervals for multiple comparisons. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine associations between anti-monomer and anti-oligomer antibody concentrations. Estimated sample sizes required to detect effects of various sizes were calculated. Results There were no significant differences between groups for mean anti-Aβ antibody levels, although these tended to be higher in AD than NCI specimens. Estimated group sizes of 328 and 150 for anti-Aβ monomer and oligomer antibodies, respectively, would have been required for 80% power for significance at 0.05 for a 25% increase in the AD mean relative to the NCI mean. Serum antibody concentrations to Aβ monomer and oligomers were strongly associated (correlations: 0.798 for undissociated sera, 0.564 for dissociated sera). Antibody-antigen dissociation significantly increased anti-Aβ monomer but not anti-Aβ oligomer antibody levels. Conclusions The findings in this pilot study are consistent with relatively similar concentrations of specific, non-antigen-bound antibodies to Aβ1-42 monomer and soluble oligomers in AD, MCI, and NCI sera. The differences between groups for these antibodies would have required approximate group sizes of 328 and 150, respectively, for a high probability for statistical significance. These findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced levels of anti-Aβ antibodies might contribute to AD's pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Klaver
- Department of Neurology Research, William Beaumont Hospital Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
α-synuclein reactive antibodies as diagnostic biomarkers in blood sera of Parkinson's disease patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18513. [PMID: 21541339 PMCID: PMC3081826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auto-antibodies with specificity to self-antigens have been implicated in a wide variety of neurological diseases, including Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases, being sensitive indicators of neurodegeneration and focus for disease prevention. Of particular interest are the studies focused on the auto-immune responses to amyloidogenic proteins associated with diseases and their applications in therapeutic treatments such as vaccination with amyloid antigens and antibodies in PD, Alzheimer's disease and potentially other neurodegeneration ailments. Methodology/Principal Findings Generated auto-antibodies towards the major amyloidogenic protein involved in PD Lewy bodies – α-synuclein and its amyloid oligomers and fibrils were measured in the blood sera of early and late PD patients and controls by using ELISA, Western blot and Biacore surface plasmon resonance. We found significantly higher antibody levels towards monomeric α-synuclein in the blood sera of PD patients compared to controls, though the responses decreased with PD progression (P<0.0001). This indicates potential protective role of autoimmunity in maintaining the body homeostasis and clearing protein species whose disbalance may lead to amyloid assembly. There were no noticeable immune responses towards amyloid oligomers, but substantially increased levels of IgGs towards α-synuclein amyloid fibrils both in PD patients and controls, which subsided with the disease progression (P<0.0001). Pooled IgGs from PD patients and controls interacted also with the amyloid fibrils of Aβ (1–40) and hen lysozyme, however the latter were recognized with lower affinity. This suggests that IgGs bind to the generic amyloid conformational epitope, displaying higher specificity towards human amyloid species associated with neurodegeneration. Conclusions/Significance Our findings may suggest the protective role of autoimmunity in PD and therefore immune reactions towards PD major amyloid protein – α-synuclein can be of value in the development of treatment and diagnostic strategies, especially during the early disease stages.
Collapse
|
33
|
Immunoprotection against toxic biomarkers is retained during Parkinson's disease progression. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 233:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
34
|
Butchart J, Holmes C. Systemic and central immunity in Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 18:64-76. [PMID: 22070806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pharmaceutical trials aimed at modulating the immune system in Alzheimer's Disease have largely focused on either dampening down central proinflammatory innate immunity or have manipulated adaptive immunity to facilitate the removal of centrally deposited beta amyloid. To date, these trials have had mixed clinical therapeutic effects. However, a number of clinical studies have demonstrated disturbances of both systemic and central innate immunity in Alzheimer's Disease and attention has been drawn to the close communication pathways between central and systemic immunity. This paper highlights the need to take into account the potential systemic effects of drugs aimed at modulating central immunity and the possibility of developing novel therapeutic approaches based on the manipulation of systemic immunity and its communication with the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Butchart
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, University of Southampton, Moorgreen Hospital, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
The role of NOS in the impairment of spatial memory and damaged neurons in rats injected with amyloid beta 25–35 into the temporal cortex. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 98:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
36
|
Bergin D, Liu P. Agmatine protects against β-amyloid25-35-induced memory impairments in the rat. Neuroscience 2010; 169:794-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Peña F, Ordaz B, Balleza-Tapia H, Bernal-Pedraza R, Márquez-Ramos A, Carmona-Aparicio L, Giordano M. Beta-amyloid protein (25-35) disrupts hippocampal network activity: role of Fyn-kinase. Hippocampus 2010; 20:78-96. [PMID: 19294646 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early cognitive deficit characteristic of early Alzheimer's disease seems to be produced by the soluble forms of beta-amyloid protein. Such cognitive deficit correlates with neuronal network dysfunction that is reflected as alterations in the electroencephalogram of both Alzheimer patients and transgenic murine models of such disease. Correspondingly, recent studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to betaAP affects hippocampal oscillatory properties. However, it is still unclear if such neuronal network dysfunction results from a direct action of betaAP on the hippocampal circuit or it is secondary to the chronic presence of the protein in the brain. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of acute exposure to betaAP(25-35) on hippocampal network activity both in vitro and in vivo, as well as on intrinsic and synaptic properties of hippocampal neurons. We found that betaAP(25-35), reversibly, affects spontaneous hippocampal population activity in vitro. Such effect is not produced by the inverse sequence betaAP(35-25) and is reproduced by the full-length peptide betaAP(1-42). Correspondingly betaAP(25-35), but not the inverse sequence betaAP(35-25), reduces theta-like activity recorded from the hippocampus in vivo. The betaAP(25-35)-induced disruption in hippocampal network activity correlates with a reduction in spontaneous neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, as well as with an inhibition in the subthreshold oscillations produced by pyramidal neurons in vitro. Finally, we studied the involvement of Fyn-kinase on the betaAP(25-35)-induced disruption in hippocampal network activity in vitro. Interestingly, we found that such phenomenon is not observed in slices obtained from Fyn-knockout mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that betaAP acutely affects proper hippocampal function through a Fyn-dependent mechanism. We propose that such alteration might be related to the cognitive impairment observed, at least, during the early phases of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Peña
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Sede Sur, México, D.F., México.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dodel R, Neff F, Noelker C, Pul R, Du Y, Bacher M, Oertel W. Intravenous Immunoglobulins as a Treatment for Alzheimerʼs Disease. Drugs 2010; 70:513-28. [DOI: 10.2165/11533070-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
39
|
Measurement of anti-Aβ1–42 antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin with indirect ELISA: The problem of nonspecific binding. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 187:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
40
|
Response to the Letter of Juan I. Jorquera regarding "Relevance of quantitative measurements of anti-Aβ antibodies in therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulin using synthetic peptides". Int Immunopharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Rezai-Zadeh K, Gate D, Szekely CA, Town T. Can peripheral leukocytes be used as Alzheimer's disease biomarkers? Expert Rev Neurother 2009; 9:1623-33. [PMID: 19903022 PMCID: PMC2828773 DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in elderly populations throughout the world and its incidence is on the rise. Current clinical diagnosis of AD requires intensive examination that includes neuropsychological testing and costly brain imaging techniques, and a definitive diagnosis can only be made upon postmortem neuropathological examination. Additionally, antemortem clinical AD diagnosis is typically administered following onset of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. As these symptoms emerge relatively late in disease progression, therapeutic intervention occurs after significant neurodegeneration, thereby limiting efficacy. The identification of noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of AD is becoming increasingly important to make diagnosis more widely available to clinics with limited access to neuropsychological testing or state-of-the-art brain imaging, reduce the cost of clinical diagnosis, provide a biological measure to track the course of therapeutic intervention, and most importantly, allow for earlier diagnosis--possibly even during the prodromal phase--with hopes of therapeutic intervention prior to appreciable neurodegeneration. Circulating leukocytes are attractive candidate AD biomarkers as they can be obtained in a minimally invasive manner and are easily analyzed by widely available flow cytometry techniques. In this review, we critically analyze the potential utility of peripheral leukocytes as biological markers for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavon Rezai-Zadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Tel.: +1 310 423 7611, Fax: +1 310 423 0302
| | - David Gate
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Tel.: +1 310 423 7611, Fax: +1 310 423 0302
| | - Christine A Szekely
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Tel.: +1 310 423 6887, Fax: +1 310 423 8300
| | - Terrence Town
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building, Room 2091, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA, Tel.: +1 310 423 1202, Fax: +1 310 423 0302
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Klaver AC, Finke JM, Digambaranath J, Balasubramaniam M, Loeffler DA. Antibody concentrations to Abeta1-42 monomer and soluble oligomers in untreated and antibody-antigen-dissociated intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 10:115-9. [PMID: 19840873 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) has been attributed to its antibodies to amyloid beta (Abeta). We compared the concentrations of specific antibodies to soluble Abeta1-42 conformations, namely Abeta1-42 monomer and Abeta1-42 soluble oligomers, between three IvIg preparations, Gamunex, Gammagard, and Flebogamma. To determine specific antibody concentrations to these Abeta1-42 conformations, nonspecific binding of the IvIg preparations to the Abeta reverse sequence, Abeta42-1, was subtracted. These antibodies were measured in untreated IvIg preparations and also after they were treated to dissociate antibody-antigen complexes, because this procedure has been reported to increase the detectable levels of serum anti-Abeta antibodies. Antibody levels to Abeta1-42 monomer were significantly higher in untreated Gamunex than in the other two IvIg preparations, and antibody-antigen dissociation increased the measured anti-Abeta monomer concentrations in Gamunex and Gammagard. Dissociated Gamunex and Gammagard had higher anti-Abeta monomer levels than Flebogamma. Generally similar results were found for antibodies to soluble Abeta1-42 oligomers, with the exception that after antibody-antigen dissociation, only Gammagard had significantly higher antibody levels than Flebogamma. These differences in antibody concentrations to Abeta1-42 conformations (particularly to Abeta1-42 soluble oligomers, thought to be the most neurotoxic conformation of soluble Abeta) and the increased availability of these antibodies after antibody-antigen complex dissociation have important implications for IvIg treatment of AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Klaver
- Division of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, William Beaumont Hospital, Suite 507, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Marcello A, Wirths O, Schneider-Axmann T, Degerman-Gunnarsson M, Lannfelt L, Bayer TA. Reduced levels of IgM autoantibodies against N-truncated pyroglutamate Aβ in plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:1379-87. [PMID: 19781815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the level of IgM autoantibodies directed against different Aβ epitopes as potential diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anti-Aβ autoantibody levels were measured in 75 plasma samples from patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (HC). To validate the presence of anti-Aβ IgMs, pooled plasma samples were subjected to gel-filtration analysis. The mean level of pGluAβ-IgM (N-terminal truncated starting at position three with pyroglutamate) was significantly decreased in AD patients as compared to HC. In the group of MCI patients there was a significant positive correlation between pGluAβ-IgM and cognitive decline analyzed by MMSE (rho = 0.58, d.f. = 13, p = 0.022). These observations indicate that the level of IgM autoantibodies against pGluAβ is a promising plasma biomarker for AD and correlates with the cognitive status of individuals at risk to develop AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marcello
- University Medicine of Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marcello A, Wirths O, Schneider-Axmann T, Degerman-Gunnarsson M, Lannfelt L, Bayer TA. Circulating immune complexes of Abeta and IgM in plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:913-20. [PMID: 19415450 PMCID: PMC2700872 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that immune complexes (IC) of a given biomarker with class M immunoglobulins (IgM) provide better performances compared to the unbound biomarker in a number of cancer entities. In the present work, we investigated IC of IgM-Aβ as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ–IgM concentration has been measured in 75 plasma samples from patients with AD, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (HC). To characterize the fractions associated with Aβ, pooled plasma samples were subjected to gel-filtration analysis. Size-separated fractions were analyzed for the presence of Aβ using a sandwich ELISA assay. A strong reactivity was observed in the high molecular weight IgM (>500 kDa) and 150 kDa (IgG) fractions indicating that blood Aβ is strongly associated with antibodies. Using an ELISA assay detecting Aβ–IgM complexes, we observed that high levels of Aβ–IgMs were detectable in HC and MCI patients; however, there was no significant difference to the AD group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marcello
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Goettingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tohda C, Naito R, Joyashiki E. Kihi-to, a herbal traditional medicine, improves Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses. Altern Ther Health Med 2008; 8:49. [PMID: 18706097 PMCID: PMC2532680 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously hypothesized that achievement of recovery of brain function after the injury requires the reconstruction of neuronal networks, including neurite regeneration and synapse reformation. Kihi-to is composed of twelve crude drugs, some of which have already been shown to possess neurite extension properties in our previous studies. The effect of Kihi-to on memory deficit has not been examined. Thus, the goal of the present study is to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of Kihi-to on memory, neurite growth and synapse reconstruction. METHODS Effects of Kihi-to, a traditional Japanese-Chinese traditional medicine, on memory deficits and losses of neurites and synapses were examined using Alzheimer's disease model mice. Improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced neuritic atrophy by Kihi-to and the mechanism were investigated in cultured cortical neurons. RESULTS Administration of Kihi-to for consecutive 3 days resulted in marked improvements of Abeta(25-35)-induced impairments in memory acquisition, memory retention, and object recognition memory in mice. Immunohistochemical comparisons suggested that Kihi-to attenuated neuritic, synaptic and myelin losses in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Kihi-to also attenuated the calpain increase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. When Kihi-to was added to cells 4 days after Abeta(25-35) treatment, axonal and dendritic outgrowths in cultured cortical neurons were restored as demonstrated by extended lengths of phosphorylated neurofilament-H (P-NF-H) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)2-positive neurites. Abeta(25-35)-induced cell death in cortical culture was also markedly inhibited by Kihi-to. Since NF-H, MAP2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) are substrates of calpain, and calpain is known to be involved in Abeta-induced axonal atrophy, expression levels of calpain and calpastatin were measured. Treatment with Kihi-to inhibited the Abeta(25-35)-evoked increase in the calpain level and decrease in the calpastatin level. In addition, Kihi-to inhibited Abeta(25-35)-induced calcium entry. CONCLUSION In conclusion Kihi-to clearly improved the memory impairment and losses of neurites and synapses.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bolukbasi Hatip FF, Matsunaga Y, Yamada T. Specific reactivity of mild/severe Alzheimer's disease patient's sera to antibody against Abeta1-40 epitope 17-21. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117:404-8. [PMID: 18005218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect the reactivity pattern of sera from patients with mild and severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) to specific antibodies targeting different epitopes in the primary structure of amyloid-beta (Abeta). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera from patients diagnosed with mild or severe AD were used. The reactivity of sera to monoclonal antibodies recognizing 1-7, 5-10, 9-14 and 17-21 epitopes of Abeta1-40 at 36-42 degrees C was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proteinase K digestion of Abeta1-40 was investigated by dot blotting at 36 and 40 degrees C. RESULTS Sera of patients with AD displayed reactivity only with monoclonal antibody recognizing the epitope 17-21 (4G8). The reactivity of sera from patients with severe AD was less than that of sera from patients with mild AD at temperatures 36-41 degrees C, with no difference at 42 degrees C. Patients with severe AD displayed lesser digestion with proteinase K. CONCLUSIONS Sera derived from patients with AD could react with monoclonal antibodies directed to 17-21 sequences of Abeta1-40 in a temperature-dependent manner. The severity of AD is associated with greater Abeta1-40 aggregation and resistance to proteinase K. The present results may be of value in staging and following up of patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F F Bolukbasi Hatip
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli Campus, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tohda C, Ichimura M, Bai Y, Tanaka K, Zhu S, Komatsu K. Inhibitory Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Extracts on Amyloid β(25-35)–Induced Neuritic Atrophy and Synaptic Loss. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107:329-39. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08046fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
48
|
Ostrovskaya RU, Gruden MA, Bobkova NA, Sewell RDE, Gudasheva TA, Samokhin AN, Seredinin SB, Noppe W, Sherstnev VV, Morozova-Roche LA. The nootropic and neuroprotective proline-containing dipeptide noopept restores spatial memory and increases immunoreactivity to amyloid in an Alzheimer's disease model. J Psychopharmacol 2007; 21:611-9. [PMID: 17092975 DOI: 10.1177/0269881106071335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the novel proline-containing nootropic and neuroprotective dipeptide, noopept (GVS-111, N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) were investigated in NMRI mice following olfactory bulbectomy. We have shown previously that these animals developed Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like behaviour, morphology and biochemistry including impairment of spatial memory, regional neuronal degeneration and elevated Abeta peptide brain levels. In the current investigation, spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze and serum antibodies to in vitro morphologically characterized amyloid structures of both Abeta((25-35)) peptide and equine lysozyme, as well as to neurotrophic glial factor S100b, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Noopept (administered at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg for a period of 21 days and during a further 5 days training) restored spatial memory and increased serum antibody levels to oligomers of Abeta((25-35)) peptide but not to equine lysozyme amyloid or S100b protein in bulbectomized animals. The positive immunotropic effect of noopept to Abeta((25-35)) peptide prefibrillar aggregates was more marked in sham-operated compared to the bulbectomized subjects which were characterized by an overall suppression of immunoreactivity. Enhancement of the immune response to Abeta((25-35)) peptide prefibrils caused by noopept may attenuate the neurotoxic consequences of amyloid fibrillization and also be associated with an improvement in spatial memory in bulbectomized mice. These actions of noopept, combined with its previously reported neuroprotective and cholinomimetic properties, suggests that this dipeptide may well be useful for improving cognitive deficits induced by neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wilhelm KR, Yanamandra K, Gruden MA, Zamotin V, Malisauskas M, Casaite V, Darinskas A, Forsgren L, Morozova-Roche LA. Immune reactivity towards insulin, its amyloid and protein S100B in blood sera of Parkinson's disease patients. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:327-34. [PMID: 17355556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral immune responses can be sensitive indicators of disease pathology. We evaluated the autoimmune reactions to endocrine (insulin) and astrocytical (S100B) biomarkers in the blood sera of 26 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared with controls by using ELISA. We found a statistically significant increase of the autoimmune responses to both antigens in PD patients compared with controls with a mean increase of 70% and 50% in the autoimmune reactions towards insulin and S100B, respectively. Heterogeneity of the immune responses observed in patients may reflect the modulating effect of multiple variables associated with neurodegeneration and also changes in the basic mechanisms of individual autoimmune reactivity. We did not detect any pronounced immune reactions towards insulin amyloid fibrils and oligomers in PD patients, indicating that an amyloid-specific conformational epitope is not involved in immune recognition of this amyloid type, while sequential epitope of native insulin is hidden within the amyloid structures. Immune reactions towards S100B and insulin may reflect the neurodegenerative brain damaging processes and impaired insulin homeostasis occurring in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Wilhelm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gruden MA, Davidova TB, Malisauskas M, Sewell RDE, Voskresenskaya NI, Wilhelm K, Elistratova EI, Sherstnev VV, Morozova-Roche LA. Differential neuroimmune markers to the onset of Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration and dementia: Autoantibodies to Aβ(25–35) oligomers, S100b and neurotransmitters. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 186:181-92. [PMID: 17477976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 03/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) autoimmunity is a focus for dementia prevention. Generated autoantibodies against major etiopathogenic molecular targets as neuroimmune markers of dementia were measured by ELISA in patient sera. Biphasic antibody levels to Abeta((25-35)) oligomers, S100b and DA were detected during distinctly diagnosed dementia stages. Abeta((25-35)) oligomer autoimmune responses reflected mild to moderate AD dementia, while those to S100b, DA and the S100b concentrations, matched moderate to severe dementia progression. 5-HT antibodies increased during mild dementia and plateaued thereafter. This autoimmunity pattern may be used as a differential biomarker profile in designing AD therapeutic strategies involving early vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Gruden
- P. K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|