1
|
Wang L, Lou W, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Jin H. HO-1-Mediated Autophagic Restoration Protects Lens Epithelial Cells Against Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 38051262 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress and cellular senescence are risk factors for age-related cataract. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a critical antioxidant enzyme and related to autophagy. Here, we investigate the crosstalk among HO-1, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence in mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs). Methods The gene expression of HO-1, p21, LC3, and p62 was measured in human samples. The protective properties of HO-1 were examined in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-damaged LECs. Autophagic flux was examined by Western blot and mRFP-GFP-LC3 assay. Western blotting and lysotracker staining were used to analyze lysosomal function. Flow cytometry was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species and analyze cell cycle. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay was used to determine cellular senescence. The crosstalk between HO-1 and transcription factor EB (TFEB) was further observed in TFEB-knockdown cells. The TFEB binding site in the promoter region of Hmox1 was predicted by the Jasper website and was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results HO-1 gene expression decreased in LECs of patients with age-related nuclear cataract, whereas mRNA expression levels of p21, LC3, and p62 increased. Upon H2O2-induced oxidative stress, LECs showed the characteristics of autophagic flux blockade, lysosomal dysfunction, and premature senescence. Interestingly, HO-1 significantly restored the impaired autophagic flux and lysosomal function and delayed cellular senescence. TFEB gene silencing greatly reduced the HO-1-mediated autophagic restoration, leading to a failure to prevent LECs from oxidative stress and premature senescence. Conclusions We demonstrated HO-1 effects on restoring autophagic flux and delaying cellular senescence under oxidative stress in LECs, which are dependent on TFEB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin JB, Herman K, Houssin NS, Rich W, Reilly MA, Plageman TF. Arvcf Dependent Adherens Junction Stability is Required to Prevent Age-Related Cortical Cataracts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840129. [PMID: 35874813 PMCID: PMC9297370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of age-related cortical cataracts is not well understood but is speculated to be related to alterations in cell adhesion and/or the changing mechanical stresses occurring in the lens with time. The role of cell adhesion in maintaining lens transparency with age is difficult to assess because of the developmental and physiological roles that well-characterized adhesion proteins have in the lens. This report demonstrates that Arvcf, a member of the p120-catenin subfamily of catenins that bind to the juxtamembrane domain of cadherins, is an essential fiber cell protein that preserves lens transparency with age in mice. No major developmental defects are observed in the absence of Arvcf, however, cortical cataracts emerge in all animals examined older than 6-months of age. While opacities are not obvious in young animals, histological anomalies are observed in lenses at 4-weeks that include fiber cell separations, regions of hexagonal lattice disorganization, and absence of immunolabeled membranes. Compression analysis of whole lenses also revealed that Arvcf is required for their normal biomechanical properties. Immunofluorescent labeling of control and Arvcf-deficient lens fiber cells revealed a reduction in membrane localization of N-cadherin, β-catenin, and αN-catenin. Furthermore, super-resolution imaging demonstrated that the reduction in protein membrane localization is correlated with smaller cadherin nanoclusters. Additional characterization of lens fiber cell morphology with electron microscopy and high resolution fluorescent imaging also showed that the cellular protrusions of fiber cells are abnormally elongated with a reduction and disorganization of cadherin complex protein localization. Together, these data demonstrate that Arvcf is required to maintain transparency with age by mediating the stability of the N-cadherin protein complex in adherens junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Martin
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Herman
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathalie S. Houssin
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wade Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew A. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Timothy F. Plageman
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Timothy F. Plageman Jr.,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choe WS, Kim M, Kim TG. Spontaneous resolution of a unilateral cataract in an adult: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29466. [PMID: 35758381 PMCID: PMC9276451 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cataracts are a disease that is usually caused by aging and involve the irreversible degeneration of the lens material. On the other hand, transient cataracts have also been reported, mainly due to systemic hyperglycemia, which often occurs bilaterally. However, reports of the spontaneous regression of unilaterally occurring cataracts in patients with normal blood glucose levels are rare. Here, we report a rare case of spontaneous regression of unilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts in an adult with normal blood glucose levels. PATIENT CONCERNS A 42-year-old woman presented with distorted vision in her right eye. The patient was taking medication for diabetes, and her blood sugar level was well-controlled. DIAGNOSIS Upon examination, her uncorrected visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity were 20/70 in her right eye. Slit lamp microscopy revealed fine, feathery, and streak-like posterior subcapsular opacities. Color fundus photography revealed a star-shaped shadow due to the cataract, and no diabetic retinopathy was observed. Her two hour postprandial glucose level was 115 mg/dL. The patient was diagnosed with posterior subcapsular cataracts, and cataract surgery was planned. The patient was scheduled to visit the clinic again after seven days. INTERVENTIONS Close observation for one week without any intervention. OUTCOMES After one week, most of the posterior subcapsular opacities disappeared, and the uncorrected visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye improved to 20/40 and 20/30, respectively. LESSONS This case report demonstrates that unilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts may spontaneously regress in patients with normal blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is important to check whether cataracts improve spontaneously through short-term close follow-up before planning cataract surgery to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Seok Choe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moosang Kim
- Dabom EYE Clinic, Yangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang EL, Emmel DK, Teng CC, Sarrafpour S, Liu J. Anterior Subcapsular Cataract Formation With Long-term Topical Netarsudil Treatment for Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:60-63. [PMID: 34731868 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe anterior subcapsular cataract development in patients on long-term topical netarsudil use. PATIENTS AND METHODS This clinical observational study summarizes a similar cataract pattern demonstrated in a series of patients from a single physician practice and a university-based outpatient clinic during their routine clinical follow-up visits from October 2020 to August 2021. All patients have been using topical netarsudil once daily for at least 15 months. No anterior capsular changes have been observed in any patient at the time when netarsudil was initiated. RESULTS Five eyes from 4 patients between the ages of 41 and 61 and 1 eye from a patient aged 84 were found to develop anterior subcapsular opacities 15 to 37 months after beginning netarsudil. These cataracts were overall small, 1 to 3 mm, round, oval or ring-shaped, central or paracentral with mild density. No other risk factors for cataract development apart from age were found in these patients. CONCLUSION Patients on long-term netarsudil should be monitored for potential development of anterior subcapsular cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen L Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | | | - Christopher C Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Soshian Sarrafpour
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michael R, D'Antin JC, Pinilla Cortés L, Burd HJ, Sheil B, Barraquer RI. Deformations and Ruptures in Human Lenses With Cortical Cataract Subjected to Ex Vivo Simulated Accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:12. [PMID: 33427852 PMCID: PMC7804572 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human cortical opacities are most commonly accompanied by changes in lens fiber structure in the equatorial region at the lens nucleus–cortex interface. Cortex and nucleus have different elastic properties, which change with age. We therefore subjected ex vivo lenses to simulated accommodation and studied the internal deformations to better understand the mechanism of cortical cataract formation. Methods Nine human donor lenses (33–88 years old) were tested using a bespoke radial stretching device for anterior eye segments. Seven of the lenses exhibited cortical cataracts. The other two lenses, without cataract, were used as controls. Frontal and cross-sectional images of the lens obtained during stretching facilitated measurements on equatorial lens diameter and central lens thickness in the stretched and unstretched states. Results Stretching caused the lens equatorial diameter to increase in all cases. Conversely, the lens central thickness showed no systematic variation during stretching. For four of the lenses with cortical cataract, ruptures were observed during stretching at the nucleus–cortex boundary adjacent to the cortical cataracts. Ruptures were not observed in the control lenses or in the three other lenses with cortical cataract. Conclusions Internal ruptures can occur in aged ex vivo lenses subjected to simulated disaccommodation. These ruptures occur at the nucleus–cortex interface; at this location, a significant stiffness discontinuity is expected to develop with age. It is hypothesized that ruptures occur in in vivo lenses during accommodation—or attempted accommodation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Michael
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University Eye Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Justin Christopher D'Antin
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pinilla Cortés
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harvey John Burd
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Sheil
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael I Barraquer
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Review of Complicated Cataract in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Pathogenesis and Cataract Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:6699103. [PMID: 33489339 PMCID: PMC7803180 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6699103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a set of inherited retinal degenerative diseases that affect photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs), possibly associated with some ocular complications, including cataract. The complicated cataract formation is most likely the result of RP-related inflammation response, and the most common morphology category is posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). Despite the absence of curative pharmacologic treatment, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation to deal with opacification in the lens is preferred due to the considerable visual outcomes. However, the incidence of intraocular and postoperative complications is higher in RP patients than those without, including intraoperative phototoxic retinal damage, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), capsular contraction syndrome (CCS), pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), increased postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), and intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation. Hence, it needs much attention to surgery progress and close follow-up. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of RP patients with complicated cataracts from morphology to potential pathogenesis to cataract surgical procedure and provide a concise description and the recommended management of related surgery complications to broaden the knowledge and lower the latent risks to yield better clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang K, Pierscionek BK. Biomechanics of the human lens and accommodative system: Functional relevance to physiological states. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 71:114-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
8
|
Michael R, Pareja-Aricò L, Rauscher FG, Barraquer RI. Cortical Cataract and Refractive Error. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 62:157-165. [PMID: 30921809 DOI: 10.1159/000496865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between the presence of cortical cataract and accommodation effort, using refractive error as a proxy. METHODS Patients between 50 and 90 years, scheduled for cataract surgery, were selected with the help of a photographic database. Nuclear and cortical cataract were graded and patients grouped having no cataract, pure cortical, mixed or pure nuclear cataract. Refraction data at the time of the photograph was converted to estimated spherical equivalent refractive error each patient would have had at the age of 45 years. RESULTS From the initial 239 eyes from 239 patients, cases with myopia below -6.5 dpt and hyperopia above 6.5 dpt were excluded, resulting in 199 cases for final analysis. Eyes with no cataract showed the lowest median refractive error (-3.65 dpt), followed by the pure nuclear group (-2.69 dpt). The median refractive error for pure cortical (-0.23 dpt) and mixed cataracts (-0.87 dpt) were close to emmetropia. Cortical cataracts were found in 37% of myopes, 82% of emmetropes, and 85% of hyperopes. CONCLUSION Emmetropes and hyperopes tend to develop more cortical cataract than myopes. These cortical cataracts might be caused by shear stress inside the crystalline lens due to accommodation efforts at the time of onset of presbyopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Michael
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain, .,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Luis Pareja-Aricò
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Franziska G Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafael I Barraquer
- Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khokhar S, Gupta Y, Dhull C, Surve A, Mahabir M. Cortical riders of zonular cataracts as "reverse cuneiform" cataracts: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:49-50. [PMID: 30396489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zonular cataracts are childhood cataracts involving one or more zone(s) of lens. They often show 'riders' which are wedge-shaped opacifications of inner cortex of the lens seen to radiate towards the lens equator, though little is known about the exact mechanism behind their development. Cortical riders may be described as 'reverse cuneiform' cataracts on the basis of their evolution pattern being exact opposite to that of senile cuneiform cortical cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Khokhar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Yogita Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India.
| | - Chirakshi Dhull
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Abhidnya Surve
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Manish Mahabir
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang YH, Kim BK, Mun SJ, Choi HT, Chung YT. Reversible cataract after exposure to distilled water: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:180. [PMID: 30029635 PMCID: PMC6053764 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To report a case of a reversible cataract after intracameral infusion of distilled water during full-thickness astigmatic keratotomy. Case presentation A 20-year-old male whose bilateral anterior chambers were exposed to distilled water during astigmatic keratotomy developed bilateral corneal edema, inflammation of the anterior chambers, and an anterior subcapsular cataract in the right eye. After 1 month of topical administration of 0.1% prednisolone acetate and 5% NaCl, the bilateral inflammation of the cornea and anterior chambers cleared; endothelial cell density decreased by 41.1% in the right eye and 12.7% in the left eye. The cataract in the right eye decreased centripetally. Small incision lenticule extraction surgery was performed at 2 months after the astigmatic keratotomy; the patient’s uncorrected distance visual acuity 3 months later was 20/25 in both eyes. Conclusions This case suggests that a cataract that develops as a result of instantaneous intracameral exposure to distilled water is reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Yang
- Onnuri Eye Clinic, 325, Baekje-daero, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Bu Ki Kim
- Onnuri Eye Clinic, 325, Baekje-daero, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Su Joung Mun
- Onnuri Eye Clinic, 325, Baekje-daero, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Choi
- Onnuri Eye Clinic, 325, Baekje-daero, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young Taek Chung
- Onnuri Eye Clinic, 325, Baekje-daero, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi YH, Park SJ, Paik HJ, Kim MK, Wee WR, Kim DH. Unexpected potential protective associations between outdoor air pollution and cataracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10636-10643. [PMID: 29388156 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the biggest public health issues, and the eye is continuously exposed to multiple outdoor air pollution. However, to date, no large-scale study has assessed the relationship between air pollutants and cataracts. We investigated associations between outdoor air pollution and cataracts in the Korean population. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 18,622 adults more than 40 years of age. The presence of cataracts and their subtypes were evaluated by ophthalmologists. Air pollution data (levels of particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) for the 2 years prior to the ocular examinations were collected from national monitoring stations. The associations of multiple air pollutants with cataracts were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Sociodemographic factors and previously known risk factors for cataracts were controlled as covariates (model 1 included sociodemographic factors, sun exposure, and behavioral factors, while model 2 further included clinical factors). Higher ozone concentrations were protectively associated with overall cataract which included all subtypes [single pollutant model: 0.003 ppm increase-model 1 (OR 0.89, p = 0.014), model 2 (OR 0.87, p = 0.011); multi-pollutant model: 0.003 ppm increase-model 1 (OR 0.80, p = 0.002), model 2 (OR 0.87, p = 0.002)]. Especially, higher ozone concentrations showed deeply protective association with nuclear cataract subtype [0.003 ppm increase-single pollutant model: model 2 (OR 0.84, p = 0.006), multi-pollutant model: model 2 (OR 0.73, p < 0.001)]. Higher tropospheric ozone concentrations showed protective associations with overall cataract and nuclear cataract subtype in the Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hae Jung Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ryang Wee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nischler C, Michael R, Wintersteller C, Marvan P, Emesz M, Van Rijn LJ, Van Den Berg TJ, Wilhelm H, Coeckelbergh T, Barraquer RI, Grabner G, Hitzl W. Cataract and Pseudophakia in Elderly European Drivers. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 20:892-901. [DOI: 10.1177/112067211002000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nischler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | | | - Christine Wintersteller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | - Patrick Marvan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | - Martin Emesz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | | | | | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen - Germany
| | - Tanja Coeckelbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerpen - Belgium
| | | | - Günther Grabner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
- Research Office, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg - Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Changes in Intraocular Straylight and Visual Acuity with Age in Cataracts of Different Morphologies. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:5649532. [PMID: 28831307 PMCID: PMC5554999 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5649532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the significance of difference in straylight of cataract eyes with different morphologies, as a function of age and visual acuity. Methods A literature review to collect relevant papers on straylight, age, and visual acuity of three common cataract morphologies leads to including five eligible papers for the analysis. The effect of morphology was incorporated to categorize straylight dependency on the two variables. We also determined the amount of progression in a cataract group using a control group. Results The mean straylight was 1.22 log units ± 0.20 (SD) in nuclear (592 eyes), 1.26 log units ± 0.23 in cortical (776 eyes), and 1.48 log units ± 0.34 in posterior subcapsular (75 eyes) groups. The slope of straylight-age relationship was 0.009 (R2 = 0.20) in nuclear, 0.012 (R2 = 0.22) in cortical, and 0.014 (R2 = 0.11) in posterior subcapsular groups. The slope of straylight-visual acuity relationship was 0.62 (R2 = 0.25) in nuclear, 0.33 (R2 = 0.13) in cortical, and 1.03 (R2 = 0.34) in posterior subcapsular groups. Conclusion Considering morphology of cataract provides a better insight in assessing visual functions of cataract eyes, in posterior subcapsular cataract, particularly, in spite of notable elevated straylight, visual acuity might not manifest severe loss.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahrami M, Hoshino M, Pierscionek B, Yagi N, Regini J, Uesugi K. Refractive index degeneration in older lenses: A potential functional correlate to structural changes that underlie cataract formation. Exp Eye Res 2015; 140:19-27. [PMID: 26297613 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A major structure/function relationship in the eye lens is that between the constituent proteins, the crystallins and the optical property of refractive index. Structural breakdown that leads to cataract has been investigated in a number of studies; the concomitant changes in the optics, namely increases in light attenuation have also been well documented. Specific changes in the refractive index gradient that cause such attenuation, however, are not well studied because previous methods of measuring refractive index require transparent samples. The X-ray Talbot interferometric method using synchrotron radiation allows for measurement of fine changes in refractive index through lenses with opacities. The findings of this study on older human lenses show disruptions to the refractive index gradient and in the refractive index contours. These disruptions are linked to location in the lens and occur in polar regions, along or close to the equatorial plane or in lamellar-like formations. The disruptions that are seen in the polar regions manifest branching formations that alter with progression through the lens with some similarity to lens sutures. This study shows how the refractive index gradient, which is needed to maintain image quality of the eye, may be disturbed and that this can occur in a number of distinct ways. These findings offer insight into functional changes to a major optical parameter in older lenses. Further studies are needed to elicit how these may be related to structural degenerations reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bahrami
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Masato Hoshino
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (SPring-8), Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Barbara Pierscionek
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (SPring-8), Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Justyn Regini
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (SPring-8), Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sellitto C, Li L, Gao J, Robinson ML, Lin RZ, Mathias RT, White TW. AKT activation promotes PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome-associated cataract development. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5401-9. [PMID: 24270425 DOI: 10.1172/jci70437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), which includes cataract development among its diverse clinical pathologies. Currently, it is not known whether cataract formation in PHTS patients is secondary to other systemic problems, or the result of the loss of a critical function of PTEN within the lens. We generated a mouse line with a lens-specific deletion of Pten (PTEN KO) and identified a regulatory function for PTEN in lens ion transport. Specific loss of PTEN in the lens resulted in cataract. PTEN KO lenses exhibited a progressive age-related increase in intracellular hydrostatic pressure, along with, increased intracellular sodium concentrations, and reduced Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Collectively, these defects lead to lens swelling, opacities and ultimately organ rupture. Activation of AKT was highly elevated in PTEN KO lenses compared to WT mice. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of AKT restored normal Na+/K+-ATPase activity in primary cultured lens cells and reduced lens pressure in intact lenses from PTEN KO animals. These findings identify a direct role for PTEN in the regulation of lens ion transport through an AKT-dependent modulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and provide a new animal model to investigate cataract development in PHTS patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bazelier MT, Mueller-Schotte S, Leufkens HGM, Uitdehaag BMJ, van Staa T, de Vries F. Risk of cataract and glaucoma in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2011; 18:628-38. [PMID: 22025330 DOI: 10.1177/1352458511426737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate whether multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with risk of cataract or glaucoma. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study utilizing the UK General Practice Research Database (1987-2009) linked to the national hospital registry of England (1997-2008). Incident MS patients (5576 cases) were identified and each was matched to six patients without MS (controls) by age, gender, and practice. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cataract and glaucoma in MS. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, history of diseases and drug use. RESULTS MS patients had no overall increased risk of cataract, adjusted (adj.) HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.94-1.41) or glaucoma, adj. HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.78-1.33). Risk of cataract (adj. HR 2.45 (95% CI 1.56-3.86)) and glaucoma (adj. HR 1.70 (95% CI 1.01-2.86)) was significantly greater in patients < 50 years, particularly in men < 50 years: cataract, adj. HR 4.23 (95% CI 2.22-8.05) and glaucoma, adj. HR 2.76 (95% CI 1.28-5.93). CONCLUSION This is the first study which showed that the risk of cataract and glaucoma is elevated in MS patients younger than 50 years, particularly men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes T Bazelier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Michael R, Bron AJ. The ageing lens and cataract: a model of normal and pathological ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1278-92. [PMID: 21402586 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is a visible opacity in the lens substance, which, when located on the visual axis, leads to visual loss. Age-related cataract is a cause of blindness on a global scale involving genetic and environmental influences. With ageing, lens proteins undergo non-enzymatic, post-translational modification and the accumulation of fluorescent chromophores, increasing susceptibility to oxidation and cross-linking and increased light-scatter. Because the human lens grows throughout life, the lens core is exposed for a longer period to such influences and the risk of oxidative damage increases in the fourth decade when a barrier to the transport of glutathione forms around the lens nucleus. Consequently, as the lens ages, its transparency falls and the nucleus becomes more rigid, resisting the change in shape necessary for accommodation. This is the basis of presbyopia. In some individuals, the steady accumulation of chromophores and complex, insoluble crystallin aggregates in the lens nucleus leads to the formation of a brown nuclear cataract. The process is homogeneous and the affected lens fibres retain their gross morphology. Cortical opacities are due to changes in membrane permeability and enzyme function and shear-stress damage to lens fibres with continued accommodative effort. Unlike nuclear cataract, progression is intermittent, stepwise and non-uniform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Michael
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Laforja 88, 08021 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beebe DC, Holekamp NM, Shui YB. Oxidative damage and the prevention of age-related cataracts. Ophthalmic Res 2010; 44:155-65. [PMID: 20829639 DOI: 10.1159/000316481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cataracts are often considered to be an unavoidable consequence of aging. Oxidative damage is a major cause or consequence of cortical and nuclear cataracts, the most common types of age-related cataracts. METHODS In this review, we consider the different risk factors, natural history and etiology of each of the 3 major types of age-related cataract, as well as the potential sources of oxidative injury to the lens and the mechanisms that protect against these insults. The evidence linking different oxidative stresses to the different types of cataracts is critically evaluated. RESULTS We conclude from this analysis that the evidence for a causal role of oxidation is strong for nuclear, but substantially lower for cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts. The preponderance of evidence suggests that exposure to increased levels of molecular oxygen accelerates the age-related opacification of the lens nucleus, leading to nuclear cataract. Factors in the eye that maintain low oxygen partial pressure around the lens are, therefore, important in protecting the lens from nuclear cataract. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining or restoring the low oxygen partial pressure around that lens should decrease or prevent nuclear cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Beebe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate results of studies that have provided information regarding the effects of dietary supplementation on visual performance, development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and risk for cataracts. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Studies with information about the effects of dietary supplementation were identified via PubMed searches that combined (in separate searches) the terms 'supplement' OR 'supplementation' OR 'diet' AND 'cataract' or 'macular degeneration' or 'visual' OR 'vision'. Additional references concerned with biologic effects of specific agents, measurement of visual function, and the etiology and epidemiology of cataracts and AMD were identified on the basis of PubMed conventional literature searches. RESULTS Studies of the effects of dietary supplementation, primarily with preparations including lutein and zeaxanthin, have demonstrated improvements in contrast sensitivity and visual performance under glare conditions that, in some studies, have been correlated with effects of treatment on macular pigment optical density. Results from both observational and prospective interventional studies generally support the conclusion that dietary supplements including these xanthophylls significantly decrease the occurrence of AMD and the development of nuclear lens opacities. However, there is variability in results regarding effects of dietary supplementation that may be related to limitations of long-term observational or interventional studies and which cannot be easily controlled or which may also be related in some studies to other important, yet unrecorded, diet- and lifestyle-related factors that are capable of influencing the risks for AMD and/or cataracts. CONCLUSIONS The multiple benefits of dietary supplementation support the development and use of these preparations to promote optimal visual function and decrease risk for AMD and cataracts. Increasing understanding of the optimal approach to supplementation will depend upon results from interventional studies that also carefully evaluate and analyze well-established factors for these two conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Barker
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Presbyopia. Emerging from a blur towards an understanding of the molecular basis for this most common eye condition. Exp Eye Res 2008; 88:241-7. [PMID: 18675268 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
All people will be presbyopic by age 50, and we now understand something of the basis for this condition. It turns out to be a direct consequence of two features; first the design of the transparent lens and the way it must change shape to enable focussing by the human eye, and second the instability of proteins over a very long time period. The incremental changes that take place in the lens to render the central region inflexible by middle age and, as a consequence the person presbyopic, may also promote the subsequent development of cataract. Based on the most recent data, heat-induced denaturation of proteins in the lens appears to be a worthy topic for future investigation. Understanding such processes may allow us to glimpse the origin both of presbyopia and age-related nuclear cataract.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang SSS, Wu JW, Yamamoto S, Liu HS. Diseases of protein aggregation and the hunt for potential pharmacological agents. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:165-92. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
23
|
Lynnerup N, Kjeldsen H, Heegaard S, Jacobsen C, Heinemeier J. Radiocarbon dating of the human eye lens crystallines reveal proteins without carbon turnover throughout life. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1529. [PMID: 18231610 PMCID: PMC2211393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lens crystallines are special proteins in the eye lens. Because the epithelial basement membrane (lens capsule) completely encloses the lens, desquamation of aging cells is impossible, and due to the complete absence of blood vessels or transport of metabolites in this area, there is no subsequent remodelling of these fibers, nor removal of degraded lens fibers. Human tissue ultimately derives its 14C content from the atmospheric carbon dioxide. The 14C content of the lens proteins thus reflects the atmospheric content of 14C when the lens crystallines were formed. Precise radiocarbon dating is made possible by comparing the 14C content of the lens crystallines to the so-called bomb pulse, i.e. a plot of the atmospheric 14C content since the Second World War, when there was a significant increase due to nuclear-bomb testing. Since the change in concentration is significant even on a yearly basis this allows very accurate dating. Methodology/Principal Findings Our results allow us to conclude that the crystalline formation in the lens nucleus almost entirely takes place around the time of birth, with a very small, and decreasing, continuous formation throughout life. The close relationship may be further expressed as a mathematical model, which takes into account the timing of the crystalline formation. Conclusions/Significance Such a life-long permanence of human tissue has hitherto only been described for dental enamel. In confront to dental enamel it must be held in mind that the eye lens is a soft structure, subjected to almost continuous deformation, due to lens accommodation, yet its most important constituent, the lens crystalline, is never subject to turnover or remodelling once formed. The determination of the 14C content of various tissues may be used to assess turnover rates and degree of substitution (for example for brain cell DNA). Potential targets may be nervous tissues in terms of senile or pre-senile degradation, as well as other highly specialised structures of the eyes. The precision with which the year of birth may be calculated points to forensic uses of this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lynnerup
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michael R, Barraquer RI, Willekens B, van Marle J, Vrensen GFJM. Morphology of age-related cuneiform cortical cataracts: the case for mechanical stress. Vision Res 2008; 48:626-34. [PMID: 18221767 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the gross morphology, location, and fiber cell architecture of equatorial cortical opacities in the aging human lens. Using dark-field stereomicroscopy, we photographed donor lenses in toto and as thick slices. In addition, we investigated the details of the fiber cell architecture using fluorescent staining for membranes and by scanning electron microscopy. We then combined our data with data from recent studies on lens viscoelasticity. We found that small cortical and cuneiform opacities are accompanied by changes in fiber structure and architecture mainly in the equatorial border zone between the lens nucleus and cortex. Because the lens cortex and nucleus have different viscoelastic properties in young and old lenses, we hypothesize that external forces during accommodation cause shear stress predominantly in this border zone. The location of the described changes suggests that these mechanical forces may cause fiber disorganization, small cortical opacities, and ultimately, cuneiform cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Michael
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Research Department, Laforja 88, E-08021 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|