Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis and Acute Renal Failure after Influenza Vaccination in an Elderly Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Amiodarone-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis in a Decompensated Heart Failure Patient: A Case Report

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a small-vessel vasculitis characterized by inflammation and damage to the walls of small blood vessels. It typically presents with palpable purpura and can be associated with various systemic conditions. Although its etiology is diverse, LCV has been associated with systemic diseases, infections, medications, and autoimmune disorders. Here, we present a case of LCV in a patient with decompensated heart failure. A 58-year-old man presented with progressively deteriorating swelling in both his lower limbs and scrotum, a persistent dry cough associated with minor ulcerative lesions on his shins, and a patchy rash with pustules and flat reddish spots. He was hospitalized three days prior due to atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular rate, for which he was commenced on amiodarone. This rash persisted for three days, yet he denied experiencing any discomfort or itchiness along with it. Based on his clinical picture, laboratory evaluations, and imaging findings, he was diagnosed with LCV induced by amiodarone.

New-Onset Acute Interstitial Nephritis Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Panoramic Review

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a considerable challenge to global healthcare. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) post SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination has been reported, but its clinical features and pathogenesis remained unclear. We reviewed so far the largest 22 cases of AIN post SARS-CoV-2 infection and 36 cases of AIN following COVID-19 vaccination. The onset of AIN was mainly related to messenger RNA vaccines (52.8%). Apart from fever, proteinuria (45.5%) was the main manifestation of AIN post SARS-CoV-2 infection, left acute kidney injury (AKI, 63.9%) in patients post COVID-19 vaccination. The potential mechanism of vaccination induced AIN was conjugating vaccines with proteins to form a hapten, which activated dendritic cells and promoted a cascade immunological reaction leading to AIN.

[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis and acute renal failure following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine]

Les vaccins contre le SRAS-CoV-2 sont administrés dans le monde entier. La plupart des effets secondaires sont légers et spontanément résolutifs, avec peu de cas signalés de réactions graves. Nous rapportons un cas de vascularite leucocytoclasique avec insuffisance rénale aiguë à la suite d’un vaccin à SARS-CoV-2 inactivé, unique pour sa présentation visuelle spectaculaire et sa réponse rapide au traitement. Il s’agit d’un homme âgé de 58 ans présentant de la fièvre, des arthralgies et un purpura vasculaire au niveau des quatre membres, le tout associé à une insuffisance rénale aiguë nécessitant une hémodialyse neuf jours après la vaccination anti-COVID-19. La biopsie cutanée a révélé une vascularite leucocytoclasique et la biopsie rénale une néphrite tubulo-interstitielle aiguë. Le purpura vasculaire s’est résolu 7 jours après le début du traitement par prednisone, mais le patient a conservé une insuffisance rénale chronique modérée. L’analyse et les enquêtes sur les complications et les événements indésirables induits par les vaccins anti-COVID-19 pourraient améliorer notre compréhension de la pathogenèse sous-jacente.

Pan-vasculitis and fulminant hepatitis following routine vaccination at the age of 4 months

Vaccines are known to have side effects, most of which are tolerable. Vasculitis following vaccination is reported and has various modes of presentation. We report a 4-month-old girl presented with an unusual presentation of fulminant hepatitis, pan vasculitis, and diffuse body aneurysms following routine immunization diagnosed by echocardiography and computed tomography angiogram. It is important to be aware of different possible adverse effects following vaccines and their different modes of presentation as well as possible treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulins and high dose methylprednisolone.

Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Following Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults: Report of Bullous Purpura in an Octogenarian after Influenza Vaccine Administration

The influenza vaccination is recommended annually for protection against influenza infection. Adults over 65 years of age are especially vulnerable to complications from influenza infection; in addition, they constitute the largest group of influenza vaccination recipients each year. Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis involves inflammation of small vessel walls by neutrophils. An 88-year-old man with a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who developed bullous cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis 14 days after receiving the influenza vaccine is described and the characteristics of influenza-associated cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in older individuals are reviewed.

Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome): clinical and immunological spectrum

An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the antigen-specific immune response, induces the release of inflammatory cytokines, and interacts with Toll-like receptors and the NALP3 inflammasome. The immunological consequence of these actions is to stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response. The activation of the immune system by adjuvants, a desirable effect, could trigger manifestations of autoimmunity or autoimmune disease. Recently, a new syndrome was introduced, autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), that includes postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis, Gulf War syndrome and siliconosis. This syndrome is characterized by nonspecific and specific manifestations of autoimmune disease. The main substances associated with ASIA are squalene (Gulf War syndrome), aluminum hydroxide (postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis) and silicone with siliconosis. Mineral oil, guaiacol and iodine gadital are also associated with ASIA. The following review describes the wide clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of ASIA including defined autoimmune diseases and nonspecific autoimmune manifestations, as well as the outlook of future research in this field.