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Kennedy JC, Dunlop BW, Craighead LW, Nemeroff CB, Mayberg HS, Craighead WE. Assessing in-session rumination and its effects on CBT for depression. Behav Res Ther 2022; 159:104209. [PMID: 36283238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated if rumination of patients during therapy (i.e., in-session rumination) relates to whether or not they do less well in CBT treatment. We developed a reliably assessed in-session rumination observational measure and evaluated its relationship to depression over the course of CBT. Rated sessions came from 63 treatment-naïve patients with major depressive disorder who participated in CBT in the PReDICT study (Dunlop et al., 2017). In-session rumination was operationalized as repetitive, negative, and passive talking about depressive topics. Trained undergraduates rated the intensity and duration of in-session rumination occurring during 57 initial therapy sessions (i.e., session one) and 45 sessions in the middle of treatment (i.e., session eight). The observational ratings were sufficiently reliable (all ICCs > 0.69). Mixed model results indicated that greater intensity of in-session rumination during the initial treatment session predicted higher levels of subsequent clinician-rated depressive symptoms (p < .023). Regression results indicated that greater intensity and duration of in-session rumination at session 8 significantly predicted higher clinician-rated symptoms at end of treatment (p's < 0.02). In-session rumination intensity and duration were not, however, related to subsequent self-reported depressive symptoms. The results support efforts to identify which patients might benefit from rumination-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - B W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - L W Craighead
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - C B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell School of Medicine, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - H S Mayberg
- The Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - W E Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Haipt A, Rosenbaum D, Fuhr K, Giese M, Batra A, Ehlis AC. The effects of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy in depression: a NIRS-study using an emotional gait paradigm. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:729-739. [PMID: 35113202 PMCID: PMC9095550 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypnotherapy (HT) is a promising approach to treating depression, but so far, no data are available on the neuronal mechanisms of functional reorganization after HT for depressed patients. Here, 75 patients with mild to moderate depression, who received either HT or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), were measured before and after therapy using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We investigated the patients' cerebral activation during an emotional human gait paradigm. Further, rumination was included as predictor. Our results showed a decrease of functional connectivity (FC) between two regions that are crucial to emotional processing, the Extrastriate Body Area (EBA) and the Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS). This FC decrease was traced back to an activation change throughout therapy in the right STS, not the EBA and was only found in the HT group, depending on rumination: less ruminating HT patients showed a decrease in right STS activation, while highly ruminating patients showed an increase. We carefully propose that this activation change is due to the promotion of emotional experiences during HT, while in CBT a focus lay on activating behavior and changing negative cognitions. HT seemed to have had differential effects on the patients, depending on their rumination style: The increase of right STS activation in highly ruminating patients might mirror the improvement of impaired emotional processing, whilst the decrease of activation in low ruminating patients might reflect a dismissal of an over-compensation, associated with a hyperactivity before therapy. We conclude that HT affects emotional processing and this effect is moderated by rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Haipt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Fuhr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Giese
- Section for Computational Sensomotorics, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Odyniec P, Probst T, Göllner R, Margraf J, Willutzki U. An exploratory study of patients' sudden losses during outpatient CBT and therapists' experience of difficulties. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1790-1809. [PMID: 31254365 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients' sudden deterioration in symptomatology, also called sudden losses, is a rarely explored phenomenon. METHOD Psychological distress of 1,763 patients treated by 140 therapists was monitored after every therapy session. Patient-reported outcome measures and patients' therapy satisfaction was assessed. Therapists rated their experience of difficulties for every patient repeatedly over the course of therapy. RESULTS More than one-quarter of patients (26.5%) experienced at least one sudden loss during therapy. Patients with sudden losses did not differ significantly in psychotherapy outcome and therapy satisfaction from patients without sudden shifts. Therapists did not experience professional self-doubt more often when working with sudden loss patients. CONCLUSION Sudden losses were not necessarily harmful for the outcome of psychotherapy and patients' global therapy satisfaction. The results suggest that sudden losses can be compensated over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Odyniec
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Richard Göllner
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrike Willutzki
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Rosenbaum D, Thomas M, Hilsendegen P, Metzger FG, Haeussinger FB, Nuerk HC, Fallgatter AJ, Nieratschker V, Ehlis AC. Stress-related dysfunction of the right inferior frontal cortex in high ruminators: An fNIRS study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:510-517. [PMID: 29560307 PMCID: PMC5857918 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive thinking styles such as rumination are considered to be a key factor in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. Different situational triggers (e.g., social stressors) have been shown to elicit rumination in subjects exhibiting such habitual thinking styles. At the same time, the process of rumination influences the adaption to stressful situations. The study at hand aims to investigate the effect of trait rumination on neuronal activation patterns during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as well as the physiological and affective adaptation to this high-stress situation. Methods A sample of 23 high and 22 low ruminators underwent the TSST and two control conditions while their cortical hemodynamic reactions were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Additional behavioral, physiological and endocrinological measures of the stress response were assessed. Results Subjects showed a linear increase from non-stressful control conditions to the TSST in cortical activity of the cognitive control network (CCN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), comprising the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior parietal cortex/somatosensory association cortex (SAC). During stress, high ruminators showed attenuated cortical activity in the right IFG, whereby deficits in IFG activation mediated group differences in post-stress state rumination and negative affect. Conclusions Aberrant activation of the CCN and DAN during social stress likely reflects deficits in inhibition and attention with corresponding negative emotional and cognitive consequences. The results shed light on possible neuronal underpinnings by which high trait rumination may act as a risk factor for the development of clinical syndromes. This is the first study that assessed cortical activity during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in low and high ruminators High trait ruminators were more strongly affected by the TSST on negative affect, state-rumination and cortical activation During the TSST, a significant increase of cortical activity was observed in parts of the cognitive control network High ruminators showed impairments in the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during stress IFG reactivity mediated effects of group membership on post-stress negative affect and state rumination
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Mara Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paula Hilsendegen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian G Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian B Haeussinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center of Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center of Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Topper M, Emmelkamp PMG, Watkins E, Ehring T. Development and assessment of brief versions of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Ruminative Response Scale. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 53:402-21. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Topper
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Paul M. G. Emmelkamp
- Department of Clinical Psychology; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- The Center for Social and Humanities Research; King AbdulAziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ed Watkins
- School of Psychology; Mood Disorders Centre; University of Exeter; UK
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy; University of Münster; Germany
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Teismann T, Michalak J, Willutzki U, Schulte D. Influence of Rumination and Distraction on the Therapeutic Process in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-010-9347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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