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Zhao HL, Sui Y, He L, Guan J, Xiao SJ, Zhong DR, Xu Q, Zeng SE. Lipid partitioning after uninephrectomy. Acta Diabetol 2011; 48:317-328. [PMID: 21528432 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study addressed the sequential events and metabolic consequences of lipid partitioning following uninephrectomy. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham operation (n = 15) or left uninephrectomy (UNX, n = 18). At 1 and 3 months post nephrectomy, three rats from each group were killed for histopathological examination of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Renal protein expression of the lipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and adiponectin receptor was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Blood lipids, glucose, insulin, and renal functions were longitudinally measured up to 10 months after operation. The UNX rats progressively developed lipodystrophy of subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots with failure of adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage, followed by blood lipid elevation and ectopic lipid deposition with cellular lipid peroxidation, and renal adipogenesis with chronic inflammatory infiltration. Despite having standard diet, normal food consumption and normal body weight, the uninephrectomized rats with defective lipid partitioning manifested a myriad of homeostatic disturbances including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, adiponectin resistance, and upregulation of PPAR-γ and HMGCR. Abnormal lipid partitioning from adipose depots to circulation and non-adipose tissues and non-adipocytic cells contributes to homeostatic disturbances and lipogenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lu Zhao
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, North 2nd Huan Cheng Road, 541004, Guilin, China.
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Xiao
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, North 2nd Huan Cheng Road, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Ding-Rong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, North 2nd Huan Cheng Road, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Si-En Zeng
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, North 2nd Huan Cheng Road, 541004, Guilin, China
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Zhao HL, Sui Y, Guan J, He L, Zhu X, Fan RR, Xu G, Kong APS, Ho CS, Lai FMM, Rowlands DK, Chan JCN, Tong PCY. Fat redistribution and adipocyte transformation in uninephrectomized rats. Kidney Int 2008; 74:467-77. [PMID: 18496513 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia complicates renal function leading to disturbances of major homeostatic organs in the body. Here we examined the effect of chronic renal dysfunction induced by uninephrectomy on fat redistribution and lipid peroxidation in rats treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (lisinopril) for up to 10 months. Uninephrectomized rats developed fat redistribution and hypercholesterolemia typical of chronic renal failure when compared with sham-operated rats or lisinopril-treated uninephrectomized rats. The weight of the peri-renal fat was significantly less in the untreated compared to the lisinopril-treated uninephrectomized rats or those rats with a sham operation. We also found that there was a shift of heat-protecting unilocular adipocytes to heat-producing multilocular fat cells in the untreated uninephrectomized rats. Similarly in these rats we found a shift of subcutaneous and visceral fat to ectopic fat with excessive lipid accumulation and lipofuscin pigmentation. Lisinopril treatment prevented fat redistribution or transformation and lipid peroxidation. This study shows that ACE inhibition may prevent the fat anomalies associated with chronic renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lu Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Korashy HM, Elbekai RH, El-Kadi AOS. Effects of renal diseases on the regulation and expression of renal and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes: a review. Xenobiotica 2005; 34:1-29. [PMID: 14742134 DOI: 10.1080/00498250310001638460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in extrahepatic organs is highest in the kidneys. Generally, the kidneys contain most, if not all, of the DMEs found in the liver. Surprisingly, some of these DMEs show higher activity in the kidneys than in the liver. 2. Most of the renal DMEs are localized in the cortex of the kidneys, especially in the proximal tubules. DMEs are also found in the distal tubules and collecting ducts. 3. Renal diseases such as acute and chronic renal failure and renal cell carcinoma alter the regulation of both hepatic and extrahepatic phase I and II DMEs. Changes in the expression of these DMEs seem to be tissue and species specific. 4. Generally, there is significant down-regulation of most of the phase I and a few of phase II DMEs at the protein, mRNA and activity levels. Unfortunately, the mechanisms leading to the alteration in DMEs in renal diseases remain unclear, although many theories have been made. 5. The presence of some circulating factors such as cytokines, nitric oxide, parathyroid hormones and increased intracellular calcium play a role in the regulation of DMEs in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Korashy
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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