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Charoensareerat T, Taweepunturat T, Rodjun V, Rungkitwattanakul D, Pattharachayakul S, Lucksiri A, Chutkrailert C, Suksawat K, Phasaprated S, Lewis SJ, Chaijamorn W. Intraperitoneal daptomycin dosing for peritonitis may be inadequate: a Monte Carlo simulation approach to optimize dosing and outcomes. J Chemother 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39318144 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2024.2407705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
A two-compartmental mathematical pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination of patients receiving CAPD of 4 exchanges for 6 h with 2 L of dialysate used in each cycle was developed to predict daptomycin disposition in 120 h of therapy. The pharmacodynamic target was plasma AUC/MIC equal to or greater than 666. The dose that achieved at least 90% of the probability of target attainment was defined as an optimal dose. Administering intraperitoneal 300 mg daily for 1 exchange daily regimen would be sufficient to treat peritonitis with S. aureus infection with MICs of 0.25 mg/L in patients undergoing CAPD. A higher dosage may be required for infections with a higher minimum inhibitory concentration. Pharmacodynamic targets and MICs significantly contributed to daptomycin doses in this setting. Clinical validation of our recommendations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dhakrit Rungkitwattanakul
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy and Sciences, Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sutthiporn Pattharachayakul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aroonrut Lucksiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Susan J Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Findlay College of Pharmacy, Findlay and Department of Pharmacy, Mercy Health - St. Anne Hospital, Toledo, OH, U.S.A
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2
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Li PKT, Chow KM, Cho Y, Fan S, Figueiredo AE, Harris T, Kanjanabuch T, Kim YL, Madero M, Malyszko J, Mehrotra R, Okpechi IG, Perl J, Piraino B, Runnegar N, Teitelbaum I, Wong JKW, Yu X, Johnson DW. ISPD peritonitis guideline recommendations: 2022 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int 2022; 42:110-153. [PMID: 35264029 DOI: 10.1177/08968608221080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis is a serious complication of PD and prevention and treatment of such is important in reducing patient morbidity and mortality. The ISPD 2022 updated recommendations have revised and clarified definitions for refractory peritonitis, relapsing peritonitis, peritonitis-associated catheter removal, PD-associated haemodialysis transfer, peritonitis-associated death and peritonitis-associated hospitalisation. New peritonitis categories and outcomes including pre-PD peritonitis, enteric peritonitis, catheter-related peritonitis and medical cure are defined. The new targets recommended for overall peritonitis rate should be no more than 0.40 episodes per year at risk and the percentage of patients free of peritonitis per unit time should be targeted at >80% per year. Revised recommendations regarding management of contamination of PD systems, antibiotic prophylaxis for invasive procedures and PD training and reassessment are included. New recommendations regarding management of modifiable peritonitis risk factors like domestic pets, hypokalaemia and histamine-2 receptor antagonists are highlighted. Updated recommendations regarding empirical antibiotic selection and dosage of antibiotics and also treatment of peritonitis due to specific microorganisms are made with new recommendation regarding adjunctive oral N-acetylcysteine therapy for mitigating aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Areas for future research in prevention and treatment of PD-related peritonitis are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yeoungjee Cho
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stanley Fan
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutic, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Ana E Figueiredo
- Nursing School Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tess Harris
- Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity, London, UK
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Madero
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Heart Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rajnish Mehrotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ikechi G Okpechi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa
| | - Jeff Perl
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beth Piraino
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Runnegar
- Infectious Management Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Isaac Teitelbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David W Johnson
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Ito Y, Ryuzaki M, Sugiyama H, Tomo T, Yamashita AC, Ishikawa Y, Ueda A, Kanazawa Y, Kanno Y, Itami N, Ito M, Kawanishi H, Nakayama M, Tsuruya K, Yokoi H, Fukasawa M, Terawaki H, Nishiyama K, Hataya H, Miura K, Hamada R, Nakakura H, Hattori M, Yuasa H, Nakamoto H. Peritoneal Dialysis Guidelines 2019 Part 1 (Position paper of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy). RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-021-00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractApproximately 10 years have passed since the Peritoneal Dialysis Guidelines were formulated in 2009. Much evidence has been reported during the succeeding years, which were not taken into consideration in the previous guidelines, e.g., the next peritoneal dialysis PD trial of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) in Japan, the significance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), the effects of icodextrin solution, new developments in peritoneal pathology, and a new international recommendation on a proposal for exit-site management. It is essential to incorporate these new developments into the new clinical practice guidelines. Meanwhile, the process of creating such guidelines has changed dramatically worldwide and differs from the process of creating what were “clinical practice guides.” For this revision, we not only conducted systematic reviews using global standard methods but also decided to adopt a two-part structure to create a reference tool, which could be used widely by the society’s members attending a variety of patients. Through a working group consensus, it was decided that Part 1 would present conventional descriptions and Part 2 would pose clinical questions (CQs) in a systematic review format. Thus, Part 1 vastly covers PD that would satisfy the requirements of the members of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT). This article is the duplicated publication from the Japanese version of the guidelines and has been reproduced with permission from the JSDT.
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Ling CW, Sud K, Van C, Zaidi STR, Patel RP, Peterson GM, Castelino RL. Pharmacokinetics of culture-directed antibiotics for the treatment of peritonitis in automated peritoneal dialysis: A systematic narrative review. Perit Dial Int 2021; 41:261-272. [PMID: 33559525 DOI: 10.1177/0896860821990528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to provide a summary of the pharmacokinetic data of some intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics that could be used for both empirical and culture-directed therapy, as per the ISPD recommendations, and examine factors to consider when using IP antibiotics for the management of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)-associated peritonitis. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar for articles published between 1998 and 2020 was conducted. To be eligible, articles had to describe the use of antibiotics via the IP route in adult patients ≥18 years old on APD in the context of pharmacokinetic studies or case reports/series. Articles describing the use of IP antibiotics that had been recently reviewed (cefazolin, vancomycin, gentamicin and ceftazidime) or administered for non-APD-associated peritonitis were excluded. A total of 1119 articles were identified, of which 983 abstracts were screened. Seventy-three full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Eight records were included in the final study. Three reports had pharmacokinetic data in patients on APD without peritonitis. Each of cefepime 15 mg/kg IP, meropenem 0.5 g IP and fosfomycin 4 g IP given in single doses achieved drug plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for treating the susceptible organisms. The remaining five records were case series or reports in patients on APD with peritonitis. While pharmacokinetic data support intermittent cefepime 15 mg/kg IP daily, only meropenem 0.5 g IP and fosfomycin 4 g IP are likely to be effective if given in APD exchanges with dwell times of 15 h. Higher doses may be required in APD with shorter dwell times. Information on therapeutic efficacy was derived from case reports/series in individual patients and without therapeutic drug monitoring. Until more pharmacokinetic data are available on these antibiotics, it would be prudent to shift patients who develop peritonitis on APD to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, where pharmacokinetic information is more readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Wei Ling
- 522555Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Sud
- 522555Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Renal Medicine, Nepean and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Regional Dialysis Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Connie Van
- 522555Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3925University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3925University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ronald L Castelino
- 522555Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Paul LPS, Ficheux M, Debruyne D, Loilier M, Bouvier N, Morello R, Parienti JJ, Verdon R, Fournel F, Cattoir V, Lobbedez T. Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Daptomycin in Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis. Perit Dial Int 2020; 37:44-50. [DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAntibiotics are preferentially delivered via the peritoneal route to treat peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDRP) to ensure that maximal concentrations are delivered to the site of infection. Our study focused on the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin (DAP) administered via the intraperitoneal (IP) route in patients with PDRP.MethodsAccording to the DaptoDP protocol (Clinical Trial No. 2012-005699-33), IP DAP was administered daily, i.e., during the 6-h Nutrineal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) dwell time period, for 14 days, in addition to administration of the antibiotics used for the usual care of patients with PDRP. The plasma and IP levels of DAP were measured on days 1 and 5. The tested dose was 200 mg/day. The principal endpoint was the dialysate concentration after 6 hours of dwell time > 16 mg/L (corresponding to 4 x minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] for E. faecalis).ResultsThree participants were evaluated. On day 5, the IP concentrations after 6 hours of dwell time were between 6.3 and 23.4 mg/L, and the peak plasma concentrations were between 13.0 and 15.3 mg/L.ConclusionThe results suggest that 200 mg/day is very likely sufficient for the treatment of PDRP by Staphylococci or Streptococci whereas it could be insufficient to treat PRDP by Enterococci. The good peritoneal bioavailability of DAP was quantitatively established, suggesting that IP administration could also be used as an alternate route for patients with damaged venous access. No DAP accumulation that could lead to toxic concentrations after repeated administration is expected, even in anuric patients. The protocol will further continue to assess whether a higher dose achieves the pharmacokinetic objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rémy Morello
- Clinical Research Department, CHU de Caen, France
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6
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Liakopoulos V, Nikitidou O, Kalathas T, Roumeliotis S, Salmas M, Eleftheriadis T. Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2016 update. What is new? Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:2177-2184. [PMID: 28573488 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) published guidelines that focus on the importance of both prevention and treatment of peritonitis. For once more, the need for annual reporting of peritonitis rates and recording of peritonitis and exit-site infections, isolated microorganism and antimicrobial susceptibilities as a central component of a quality improvement program is highlighted. Data on new antibiotic regimens, techniques for microorganism isolation and peritoneal dialysis solutions are included. Training of both peritoneal dialysis nurses and patients seems to be crucial, while the modifiable risk factors for peritonitis seem to be of great interest. In this article, we record the changes in the last ISPD (2016) guidelines compared to the previous ones published in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1 St. Kyriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Olga Nikitidou
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1 St. Kyriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofanis Kalathas
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1 St. Kyriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1 St. Kyriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Salmas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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7
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Ma TKW, Leung CB, Chow KM, Kwan BCH, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Newer antibiotics for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:616-23. [PMID: 27478608 PMCID: PMC4957733 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis is a debilitating infectious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Drug-resistant bacterial peritonitis typically has a lower response rate to antibiotics. In the past 15 years, newer antibiotics with activities against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria have been developed. In most circumstances, peritonitis due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci responds to vancomycin. If vancomycin cannot be used due to allergy and/or non-susceptibility, there is increasing evidence that linezolid and daptomycin are the drugs of choice. It is reasonable to start linezolid orally or intravenously, but subsequent dose reduction may be necessary in case of myelosuppression. Daptomycin can be given intravenously or intraperitoneally and has excellent anti-biofilm activity. Other treatment options for drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis include teicoplanin, tigecycline and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Teicoplanin is not available in some countries (e.g. the USA). Tigecycline can only be given intravenously. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is ineffective against Enterococcus faecalis and there is only low-quality evidence to support its efficacy in the treatment of peritonitis. Effective newer antibiotics against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are lacking. Polymyxins can be considered, but evidence on its efficacy is limited. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of newer antibiotics in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial peritonitis in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry King-Wing Ma
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Bon Leung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Kai Ming Chow
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
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8
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Li PKT, Szeto CC, Piraino B, de Arteaga J, Fan S, Figueiredo AE, Fish DN, Goffin E, Kim YL, Salzer W, Struijk DG, Teitelbaum I, Johnson DW. ISPD Peritonitis Recommendations: 2016 Update on Prevention and Treatment. Perit Dial Int 2016; 36:481-508. [PMID: 27282851 PMCID: PMC5033625 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Beth Piraino
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Javier de Arteaga
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Privado and Catholic University, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Stanley Fan
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana E Figueiredo
- Nursing School-FAENFI, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas N Fish
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for End Stage Renal Disease, Daegu, Korea
| | - William Salzer
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, MI, USA
| | - Dirk G Struijk
- Department of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Should daptomycin-rifampin combinations for MSSA/MRSA isolates be avoided because of antagonism? Infection 2016; 44:499-504. [PMID: 26797915 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing clinical evidence from observational studies, that combination therapy of daptomycin with rifampin is a valuable treatment option for biofilm-associated difficult to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections such as osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infection and endocarditis. However, two studies analyzing a limited number of S. aureus isolates reported an antagonism of those two drugs questioning the benefit of this combination. METHODS To estimate the frequency of this possible antagonism, we performed in vitro checkerboard assays on 58 consecutive clinical isolates of S. aureus (MSSA n = 9, MRSA n = 49). We determined the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and the susceptible breakpoint index (SBPI). All isolates were characterized by a microprobe array detecting 336 different genes/alleles to ensure their non-clonal origin. RESULTS For all isolates, the FICI was between 1.00 and 1.25 indicating additive effects for the daptomycin/rifampin combination. Neither antagonism nor synergism as defined by the FICI was found for any of the isolates. CONCLUSION Based on these data, there is no evidence to advise against the daptomycin/rifampin combination therapy.
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10
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Falcone M, Russo A, Pacini G, Merli M, Venditti M. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Patient with Cirrhosis: The Potential Role for Daptomycin and Review of the Literature. Infect Dis Rep 2015; 7:6127. [PMID: 26500743 PMCID: PMC4593889 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2015.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive cocci are emerging causes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), especially in patients with healthcare-associated infections. We report the case of a 68-year-old man with hepatitis C virus and alcohol-related cirrhosis who developed SBP due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with daptomycin. We discuss the potential role of daptomycin in this setting with a review of the literature about the use of daptomycin in primary or secondary bacterial peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falcone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza", University of Rome , Origgio (VA), Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza", University of Rome , Origgio (VA), Italy
| | | | - Manuela Merli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza", University of Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I "Sapienza", University of Rome , Origgio (VA), Italy
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11
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Impact of the combination of daptomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on clinical outcomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:1969-76. [PMID: 25605354 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04141-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complicated Staphylococcus aureus infections, including bacteremia, are often associated with treatment failures, prolonged hospital stays, and the emergence of resistance to primary and even secondary therapies. Daptomycin is commonly used as salvage therapy after vancomycin failure for the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Unfortunately, the emergence of daptomycin resistance, especially in deep-seated infections, has been reported, prompting the need for alternative or combination therapy. Numerous antibiotic combinations with daptomycin have been investigated clinically and in vitro. Of interest, the combination of daptomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has proved to be rapidly bactericidal in vitro to strains that are both susceptible and nonsusceptible to daptomycin. However, to date, there is limited clinical evidence supporting the use of this combination. This was a multicenter, retrospective case series of patients treated with the combination of daptomycin and TMP-SMX for at least 72 h. The objective of this study was to describe the safety and effectiveness of this regimen in clinical practice. The most commonly stated reason that TMP-SMX was added to daptomycin was persistent bacteremia and/or progressive signs and symptoms of infection. After the initiation of combination therapy, the median time to clearance of bacteremia was 2.5 days. Microbiological eradication was demonstrated in 24 out of 28 patients, and in vitro synergy was demonstrated in 17 of the 17 recovered isolates. Further research with this combination is necessary to describe the optimal role and its impact on patient outcomes.
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12
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Parra MA, Campanero MA, Sádaba B, Irigoyen A, García-López L, Fernandez-Reyes MJ, Azanza JR. Effect of glucose concentration on the stability of daptomycin in peritoneal solutions. Perit Dial Int 2014; 33:458-61. [PMID: 23843594 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asunción Parra
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, University Hospital Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CIFA University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Gilmore JF, Kim M, LaSalvia MT, Mahoney MVG. Treatment of enterococcal peritonitis with intraperitoneal daptomycin in a vancomycin-allergic patient and a review of the literature. Perit Dial Int 2014; 33:353-7. [PMID: 23843587 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of antibiotics is a mainstay of therapy in the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. The therapeutic options against gram-positive organisms in patients intolerant to vancomycin are limited. METHODS This case report and review of the literature used a search of PubMed with the terms "daptomycin," "intraperitoneal," and "peritoneal" for 2004 through 7 February 2013 to find relevant publications. RESULTS In addition to our patient, we identified 6 case reports of IP daptomycin for the treatment of peritonitis. Our patient was treated with a 14-day course of IP daptomycin, with resolution of signs and symptoms of peritonitis. She presented again 7 weeks later with signs and symptoms of peritonitis and was treated with a repeat course of IP daptomycin. Among the 6 patients reported in the literature, 4 received loading doses of daptomycin. Daptomycin 20 mg per liter of dialysate was administered in 4 patients, and the other 2 patients received higher doses based on body weight (milligrams per kilogram). Treatment duration averaged 10 or 14 days. In all 6 cases, clinical cure was reported. CONCLUSIONS Although limited to case reports, the available literature suggests that IP daptomycin is a viable alternative for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. However, routine use of this agent must be cautioned, because further prospective studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Gilmore
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cepeda CS. Daptomicina en el tratamiento de las infecciones por grampositivos en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30 Suppl 1:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(12)70070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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