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Alberti A, Araujo Coelho DR, Vieira WF, Moehlecke Iser B, Lampert RMF, Traebert E, Silva BBD, Oliveira BHD, Leão GM, Souza GD, Dallacosta FM, Kades G, Madeira K, Chupel MU, Grossl FS, Souza R, Hur Soares B, Endrigo Ruppel da Rocha R, da Silva Sipriano E, Fernandes Martins D, Agostinetto L. Factors Associated with the Development of Depression and the Influence of Obesity on Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1994. [PMID: 39335507 PMCID: PMC11429137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression affects several aspects of life, including socioeconomic status, relationships, behavior, emotions, and overall health. The etiology of depression is complex and influenced by various factors, with obesity emerging as a significant contributor. This narrative review aims to investigate the factors associated with the development of depression, with a particular focus on the role of obesity. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO from May to July 2024. The review highlights the impact of environmental and socioeconomic conditions; lifestyle choices, including physical activity and dietary habits; stress; traumatic experiences; neurotransmitter imbalances; medical and psychological conditions; hormone fluctuations; and epigenetic factors on depression. A key emphasis is placed on the inflammatory processes linked to obesity, which may drive the bidirectional relationship between obesity and depression. The findings suggest that obesity is associated with an increased risk of depression, potentially due to chronic inflammation, neurochemical dysregulation, and the emotional and social challenges related to weight stigma and obesity management. Understanding these interconnected factors is important for developing targeted interventions to address both obesity and depression, leading to improved quality of life for those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Alberti
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Planalto Catarinense-UNIPLAC, Lages 88509-900, Brazil
| | | | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 5508-000, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Betine Moehlecke Iser
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Posgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Rose Meiry Fernandez Lampert
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Eliane Traebert
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Bruna Becker da Silva
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Graziela Marques Leão
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Kades
- Department of Biosciences and Health, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba 89600-000, Brazil
| | - Kristian Madeira
- Department of Mathematics and Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Uba Chupel
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Fernando Schorr Grossl
- Department of Biosciences and Health, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba 89600-000, Brazil
| | - Renan Souza
- Department of Biosciences and Health, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba 89600-000, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Soares
- Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Ricelli Endrigo Ruppel da Rocha
- Department of the Graduate Program in Development and Society-PPGEDS (UNIARP), University of Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe, Caçador 89500-199, Brazil
| | - Erica da Silva Sipriano
- Department of Mathematics and Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça 88132-260, Brazil
| | - Lenita Agostinetto
- Graduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Planalto Catarinense-UNIPLAC, Lages 88509-900, Brazil
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Vachliotis ID, Valsamidis I, Polyzos SA. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Adiponectin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5306. [PMID: 37958479 PMCID: PMC10650629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whose prevalence is rising. Although the mechanisms of progression from NAFLD to HCC are not fully elucidated, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adiponectin, as well as their interplay, which seems to be antagonistic, may contribute to the pathophysiology of NAFLD-associated HCC. TNF-α initially aims to protect against hepatocarcinogenesis, but during the progression of NAFLD, TNF-α is increased, thus probably inducing hepatocarcinogenesis in the long-term, when NAFLD is not resolved. On the other hand, adiponectin, which is expected to exert anti-tumorigenic effects, is decreased during the progression of the disease, a trend that may favor hepatocarcinogenesis, but is paradoxically increased at end stage disease, i.e., cirrhosis and HCC. These observations render TNF-α and adiponectin as potentially diagnostic biomarkers and appealing therapeutic targets in the setting of NAFLD-associated HCC, possibly in combination with systematic therapy. In this regard, combination strategy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with anti-TNF biologics and/or adiponectin analogs or medications that increase endogenous adiponectin, may warrant investigation against NAFLD-associated HCC. This review aims to summarize evidence on the association between TNF-α and adiponectin with NAFLD-associated HCC, based on experimental and clinical studies, and to discuss relevant potential therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D. Vachliotis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Gastroenterology, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Valsamidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Fu X, Wang Y, Zhao F, Cui R, Xie W, Liu Q, Yang W. Shared biological mechanisms of depression and obesity: focus on adipokines and lipokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5917-5950. [PMID: 37387537 PMCID: PMC10333059 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression and obesity are both common disorders currently affecting public health, frequently occurring simultaneously within individuals, and the relationship between these disorders is bidirectional. The association between obesity and depression is highly co-morbid and tends to significantly exacerbate metabolic and related depressive symptoms. However, the neural mechanism under the mutual control of obesity and depression is largely inscrutable. This review focuses particularly on alterations in systems that may mechanistically explain the in vivo homeostatic regulation of the obesity and depression link, such as immune-inflammatory activation, gut microbiota, neuroplasticity, HPA axis dysregulation as well as neuroendocrine regulators of energy metabolism including adipocytokines and lipokines. In addition, the review summarizes potential and future treatments for obesity and depression and raises several questions that need to be answered in future research. This review will provide a comprehensive description and localization of the biological connection between obesity and depression to better understand the co-morbidity of obesity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
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Vachher M, Bansal S, Kumar B, Yadav S, Arora T, Wali NM, Burman A. Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1553-1584. [PMID: 35818831 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on an upsurge. Evidence is accumulating that liver disorders like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased risk of developing HCC. NAFLD has a prevalence of about 25% and 50%-90% in obese population. With the growing burden of obesity epidemic worldwide, HCC presents a major healthcare burden. While cirrhosis is one of the major risk factors of HCC, available literature suggests that NAFLD/NASH associated HCC also develops in minimum or noncirrhotic livers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with NAFLD and NASH related HCC that would help in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines are factors secreted by adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes, respectively, playing essential roles in cellular homeostasis, energy balance and metabolism with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. In this review, we endeavor to focus on the role of these organokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC to augment the understanding of the factors stimulating hepatocytes to acquire a malignant phenotype. This shall aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and tools for early diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Savita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Moza Wali
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Burman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Hassani SF, Sayaf M, Danandeh SS, Nourollahzadeh Z, Shahmohammadi M, Akbari S, Shirvaliloo M, Sheervalilou R, Shams Z. Novel Insight Into the Association Between Obesity and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence: High-Throughput Microarray Data Set Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:1169-1180. [PMID: 34860577 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify potential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence/recurrence and obesity, along with the molecular mechanisms that involve these biomarkers. METHODS Three microarray data sets, namely GSE18897, GSE25097, and GSE36376 (genetic suppressor elements associated with obesity, tumor, and recurrence, respectively), were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database to be investigated for their expression as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC and obesity. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs were identified by the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed with STRING online tool and Cytoscape software. RESULTS One hundred sixty common DEGs were screened. We found that these genes were associated with certain pathways such as metabolic pathways, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and adipocytokine signaling pathway. The involvements of 10 genes, including RPS16, RPS7, CCT3, HNRNPA2B1, EIF4G1, PSMC4, NHP2, EGR1, FDPS, and MCM4, were identified in the subnetwork. HNRNPA2B1 and RPS7 in the GSE18897 data set, RPS16, RPS7, CCT3, HNRNPA2B1, PSMC4, NHP2, FDPS, and MCM4 in the GSE25097 data set, and RPS16, RPS7, CCT3, HNRNPA2B1, EIF4G1, PSMC4, NHP2, FDPS, and MCM4 in the GSE36376 data set exhibited positive fold changes. CONCLUSION These DEGs and pathways could be of diagnostic value as potential biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of HCC, pertaining to both obesity and HCC occurrence/recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Sayaf
- Central Tehran Branch, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Nourollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | | | | | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zinat Shams
- Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang L, Yuan Q, Li M, Chai D, Deng W, Wang W. The association of leptin and adiponectin with hepatocellular carcinoma risk and prognosis: a combination of traditional, survival, and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1167. [PMID: 33256658 PMCID: PMC7708253 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have focused on the association between leptin, adiponectin levels and the risk as well as the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the reported results are conflicting. Methods A meta-analysis was performed to assess the correlation between leptin, adiponectin levels and risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (CRD42020195882). Through June 14, 2020, PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases were searched, including references of qualifying articles. Titles, abstracts, and main texts were reviewed by at least 2 independent readers. Stata 16.0 was used to calculate statistical data. Results Thirty studies were included in this meta-analysis and results showed that hepatocellular carcinoma group had significantly higher leptin levels than the cancer-free control group (SMD = 1.83, 95% CI (1.09, 2.58), P = 0.000), the healthy control group (SMD = 4.32, 95% CI (2.41, 6.24), P = 0.000) and the cirrhosis group (SMD = 1.85, 95% CI (0.70, 3.01), P = 0.002). Hepatocellular carcinoma group had significantly higher adiponectin levels than the healthy control group (SMD = 1.57, 95% CI (0.37, 2.76), P = 0.010), but no statistical difference compared with the cancer-free control group (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI (− 0.35, 0.82), P = 0.430) and the cirrhosis group (SMD = − 0.51, 95% CI (− 1.30, 0.29), P = 0.213). The leptin rs7799039 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (G vs A: OR = 1.28, 95% CI (1.10, 1.48), P = 0.002). There were linear relationships between adiponectin levels and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 1.066, 95% CI (1.03, 1.11), P = 0.001). In addition, the results showed that high/positive expression of adiponectin was significantly related to lower overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.22, 2.37), P = 0.002); however, there was no significantly association between the leptin levels and overall survival (HR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.53, 1.59), P = 0.766). Conclusion The study shows that high leptin levels were associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adiponectin levels were proportional to hepatocellular carcinoma risk, and were related to the poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Dongqi Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Li Z, Gao WQ, Wang P, Wang TQ, Xu WC, Zhu XY, Liu H. Pentamethylquercetin Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Adipocytes-induced PD-L1 Expression via IFN-γ Signaling. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:868-874. [PMID: 32748749 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620999200730184514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of types of cancer. Programmed death 1 and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) play a crucial role in tumor immune escape. Although, the role of PD-L1 in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. We previously showed that the natural flavonoid pentamethylquercetin (PMQ) possesses anti-obesity properties. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effects of PMQ on the development of HCC in obese mice and whether PMQ regulates PD-L1 and expression in HCC. METHODS Monosodium glutamate-induced obese mice were inoculated with H22 tumor cells. Tumor volumes and weights were measured. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated and lipid accumulation was measured by oil-red staining, and IFN-γ level was detected by Elisa. Hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with conditional media from 3T3-L1 adipocytes (adi-CM). Western blotting was applied to detect PD-L1 protein levels in tumor tissue and HepG2 cells. RESULTS Compared with control mice, H22 tumors grew faster and exhibited higher PD-L1 protein levels in obese mice. PMQ inhibited H22 tumor growth and reduced PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues. PD-L1 protein level was elevated in adi-CM-treated HepG2 cells. IFN-γ was detectable in adi-CM and exogenous IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells. PMQ affected the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, decreased the level of IFN-γ secreted by adipocytes and downregulated adi-CM-induced PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION PMQ could inhibit HCC progression in obese mice at least in part through down-regulating adipocytes-induced PD-L1 expression via IFN-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Qi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Chao Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan, China,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Hubei, China
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Radwan HA, Hamed EH, Saleh OM. Significance of Serum Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Levels in Diagnosis of Egyptian Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and HCC. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1833-1839. [PMID: 31244307 PMCID: PMC7021627 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One possible hypothesis for pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is deregulated expressed adipokines (adipose tissue cytokines). Chronic inflammation in the cirrhotic liver adipose tissue is associated with a modification in adipokine secretion. Changes in serum levels of adiponectin are known to be associated with the development of insulin resistance. Increased insulin resistance is a pathophysiological feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. In addition, it was suggested that liver cancer development is probably connected with insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of serum Adiponectin level and insulin resistance in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patient and Methods: 100 patients were enrolled in this cross sectional study and divided as following: Group I: 52 HCV patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).Group II: 48 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For all subjects, Serum Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance parameters (Fasting serum Insulin, Fasting serum Glucose, HOMA IR) were measured. Results: Serum Adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (p=0.000 ) and it is inversely correlated to tumor size and the number (p= 0.0001).Meanwhile, Insulin Resistance parameters (Fasting s. Insulin, Fasting s. Glucose, HOMA IR) were significantly higher in HCC patients than CLD patients (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Insulin Resistance is significantly associated with the development of HCC. Serum level of Adiponectin may guard against HCC development among patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Radwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab H Hamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omneya M Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg 2019; 269:924-931. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kim YR, Park S, Han S, Ahn JH, Kim S, Sinn DH, Jeong WK, Ko JS, Gwak MS, Kim GS. Sarcopenia as a predictor of post-transplant tumor recurrence after living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7157. [PMID: 29740069 PMCID: PMC5940915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association between sarcopenia and tumor recurrence after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed 92 males who underwent LDLT for treating HCC beyond the Milan criteria. Sarcopenia was defined when the height-normalized psoas muscle thickness was <15.5 mm/m at the L3 vertebra level on computed tomography based on an optimum stratification method using the Gray’s test statistic. Survival analysis was performed with death as a competing risk event. The primary outcome was post-transplant HCC recurrence. The median follow-up time was 36 months. There was a 9% increase in recurrence risk per unit decrease in height-normalized psoas muscle thickness. Twenty-six (36.1%) of 72 sarcopenic recipients developed HCC recurrence, whereas only one (5.0%) of 20 non-sarcopenic recipients developed HCC recurrence. Recurrence risk was greater in sarcopenic patients in univariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.06 [1.06–16.70], p = 0.044) and in multivariable analysis (HR = 9.49 [1.18–76.32], p = 0.034). Greater alpha-fetoprotein and microvascular invasion were also identified as independent risk factors. Incorporation of sarcopenia improved the model fitness and prediction power of the estimation model. In conclusion, sarcopenia appears to be one of the important host factors modulating tumor recurrence risk after LDLT for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ri Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Sukhee Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Joong Hyun Ahn
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Justin S Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
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Obesity linking to hepatocellular carcinoma: A global view. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:97-102. [PMID: 29366974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary liver cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity is rapidly becoming pandemic and associated with increased carcinogenesis. In this review, we describe the obesity-related factors that influence the development of HCC. We provide evidence of strong links between neural regulation, endocrine and HCC in obesity. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of how adipose tissue alters hepatic metabolism and immune response in HCC development through inter-organ communication. Taken together, our review aims to provides a concise and up-to date summary about the connection between obesity and HCC, with emphasis on the opportunities for effective strategies in preventing the development of HCC in obese individuals.
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Sun Y, Zhu S, Wu Z, Huang Y, Liu C, Tang S, Wei L. Elevated serum visfatin levels are associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23427-23435. [PMID: 28178643 PMCID: PMC5410315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is considered a pro-inflammatory adipocytokine, and it is commonly increased in obesity-related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum visfatin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its diagnostic and predictive value in detecting HCC. Fasting serum levels of visfatin of 135 HCC patients, 115 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 129 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 149 healthy controls were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also assayed. The median serum visfatin concentration in HCC patients was 1.113 ng/mL (range: 0.823-2.214 ng/mL), which was significant higher than those of healthy controls, CHB patients, and LC patients (P<0.05). The serum visfatin concentration in HCC patients was positively correlated with AFP (r=0.595, P<0.001) and IL-6 (r=0.261, P<0.015) and was also associated with tumor size and tumor node metastasis stage. Moreover, elevated levels of serum visfatin were associated with a higher HCC risk for CHB and LC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis had shown that HCC patients with high levels of serum visfatin had significantly shorter overall survival times than those with low serum visfatin levels (P<0.001). Using a cutoff visfatin level of 1.403 ng/mL, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed unappealing sensitivity and specificity values (45.76% and 74.79%, respectively; AUC=0.626) regarding visfatin's use as a diagnostic marker for HCC. Our results indicate that increased serum visfatin levels are associated with poor prognosis of HCC. Visfatin may be a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengbo Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhitong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Department of Science and Education, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders have become globally prevalent posing a challenge for the chronically damaged liver and predisposing the development and progression of cancer. The rising phenomenon of "obesity epidemic" may provide means for understanding why liver cancer is one of the few malignancies with rising incidence in developed countries over the last decades. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes is an increasingly recognized trigger for liver cancer in Western populations characterized by low prevalence of established risk factors for liver cancer such as viral hepatitis and hepatotoxin exposure. Accumulating evidence has established an association between higher body mass index as an indicator of general obesity and higher risk of primary liver cancer. The associations are stronger in men, in patients with underlying liver disease and in white ethnic groups. Abdominal obesity, weight gain in adult life and metabolic factors related to visceral fat accumulation were also suggested as important risk factors for liver cancer; however, more studies are needed to evaluate these associations. The association of obesity and metabolic parameters with liver cancer survival remains controversial. It is unclear which exact mechanisms could provide links between obesity and liver cancer risk. Recent evidence has implicated several molecular pathways in obesity-associated liver cancer. These include insulin resistance leading to increased levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, chronic inflammation, adipose tissue remodeling, pro-inflammatory cytokine and adipokine secretion, and altered gut microbiota. These mechanisms coincide with inflammatory and metabolic processes occurring in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease predisposing cancer development and progression. In the context of the current evidence, better understanding of the role of obesity and related metabolic factors may help in improving current strategies for liver cancer prevention.
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Dalamaga M, Christodoulatos GS. Visfatin, Obesity, and Cancer. ADIPOCYTOKINES, ENERGY BALANCE, AND CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41677-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Schon HT, Weiskirchen R. Exercise-Induced Release of Pharmacologically Active Substances and Their Relevance for Therapy of Hepatic Injury. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:283. [PMID: 27625607 PMCID: PMC5003891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) features constant parenchymal injury and repair together with an increasing hepatic impairment, finally leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis and a heightened risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Closely related to the rise in obesity, the worldwide prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common form of CLD, has reached an epidemic dimension and is estimated to afflict up to 46% of the general population, including more than one out of three U.S. citizens. Up to now there is no effective drug treatment available, which is why recommendations encompass both exercise programs and changes in dietary habits. Exercise is well-known for unleashing potent anti-inflammatory effects, which can principally counteract liver inflammation and chronic low-grade inflammation. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanisms responsible for the exercise-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, illustrates the application in animal models as well as in humans, and highlights the therapeutic value when possible. Based on the available results there is no doubt that exercise can even be beneficial in an advanced stage of liver disease and it is the goal of this review article to provide evidence for the therapeutic impact on fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC and to assess whether exercise might be of value as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of CLD. In principle, all exercise programs carried out in these high-risk patients should be guided and observed by qualified healthcare professionals to guarantee the patients’ safety. Nevertheless, it is also necessary to additionally determine the optimal amount and intensity of exercise to maximize its value, which is why further studies are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Theo Schon
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
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16
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Qu BG. Inflammatory and immune changes and treatment in patients with fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2931-2942. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i19.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a common chronic inflammatory and immune disease. Current research suggests that it is associated with a variety of clinical metabolic diseases, however, its etiology is very complex, and its exact mechanism is not fully clear. Enormous studies have found that inflammation and immunity play roles in the pathogenesis of FLD, via mechanisms involving inflammatory mediators or inflammatory factors, neutrophil infiltration, inflammasomes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), gut microbes-related inflammation, immune cells, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and its downstream signal transduction pathways, gut microbe-related immune response, immunocytes, oxidative stress, other new markers of immune response and so on. In order to provide a reliable basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of FLD, studies on the prevention, early diagnosis and prospective intervention of FLD should be strengthened. In addition, according to different pathogenesis, corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the risk of FLD and its related diseases.
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Meier EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, Pohl R, Wanninger J, Hoy AJ, Grewal T, Eisinger K, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Weiss TS, Buechler C. Annexin A6 protein is downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:81-90. [PMID: 27334756 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A6 (AnxA6) is a lipid-binding protein highly expressed in the liver, regulating cholesterol homeostasis and signaling pathways with a role in liver physiology. Here, we analyzed whether hepatic AnxA6 levels are affected by pathological conditions that are associated with liver dysfunction and liver injury. AnxA6 levels in the fatty liver of mice fed a high-fat diet, in ob/ob and db/db animals and in human fatty liver are comparable to controls. Similarly, AnxA6 levels appear unaffected in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and human liver fibrosis. Accordingly, adiponectin, lysophosphatidylcholine, palmitate, and TGFbeta, all of which have a role in liver injury, do not affect AnxA6 expression in human hepatocytes. Likewise, adiponectin and IL8 do not alter AnxA6 levels in primary human hepatic stellate cells. However, in hepatic tumors of 18 patients, AnxA6 protein levels are substantially reduced compared to nontumorous tissues. AnxA6 mRNA is even increased in the tumors suggesting that posttranscriptional mechanisms are involved herein. Lipidomic analysis shows trends toward elevated cholesteryl ester and sphingomyelin in the tumor samples, yet the ratio of tumor to nontumorous AnxA6 does not correlate with these lipids. The current study shows that AnxA6 is specifically reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting a role of this protein in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Josef Wanninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- Regensburg University Hospital, University Children Hospital (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93042, Germany.
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18
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Matsushita N, Osaka T, Haruta I, Ueshiba H, Yanagisawa N, Omori-Miyake M, Hashimoto E, Shibata N, Tokushige K, Saito K, Tsuneda S, Yagi J. Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Caloric Diet-Fed Mice. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:109-18. [PMID: 26524607 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing. Because gut microbiota have been highlighted as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, we investigated the involvement of the bacterial component in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to NASH. C57BL/6 mice were fed with maintenance food (MF, groups A and B) or a high caloric diet (HCD, groups C and D) for 1 month. Mice were then divided into four groups: Groups A and C were inoculated with PBS, while groups B and D were inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The inoculations were performed a total of 3 times over 3 months. At 6 months, while hepatic steatosis was observed in groups C and D, cellular infiltration and fibrosis were less evident in group C than in group D. Inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in groups B and D. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing of whole colon homogenates containing faeces showed that certain bacterial groups, such as Bacteroidaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, were increased in groups C and D. Although loading of bacterial components (LPS) resulted in hepatic inflammation in both MF- and HCD-fed mice, HCD feeding was more crucial in the progression of NAFL during the triggering phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsushita
- Support Center for Women Health Care Professionals and Researchers, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Osaka
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Haruta
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Ueshiba
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Yanagisawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Omori-Miyake
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Hashimoto
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tokushige
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Saito
- Support Center for Women Health Care Professionals and Researchers, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Yagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Shen M, Shi H. Estradiol and Estrogen Receptor Agonists Oppose Oncogenic Actions of Leptin in HepG2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151455. [PMID: 26982332 PMCID: PMC4794158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for certain cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, precipitates HCC development. Epidemiology data show that men have a much higher incidence of HCC than women, suggesting that estrogens and its receptors may inhibit HCC development and progression. Whether estrogens antagonize oncogenic action of leptin is uncertain. To investigate potential inhibitory effects of estrogens on leptin-induced HCC development, HCC cell line HepG2 cells were treated with leptin in combination with 17 β-estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) selective agonist PPT, ER-β selective agonist DPN, or G protein-coupled ER (GPER) selective agonist G-1. Cell number, proliferation, and apoptosis were determined, and leptin- and estrogen-related intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed. HepG2 cells expressed a low level of ER-β mRNA, and leptin treatment increased ER-β expression. E2 suppressed leptin-induced HepG2 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally E2 reversed leptin-induced STAT3 and leptin-suppressed SOCS3, which was mainly achieved by activation of ER-β. E2 also enhanced ERK via activating ER-α and GPER and activated p38/MAPK via activating ER-β. To conclude, E2 and its receptors antagonize the oncogenic actions of leptin in HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and stimulating cell apoptosis, which was associated with reversing leptin-induced changes in SOCS3/STAT3 and increasing p38/MAPK by activating ER-β, and increasing ERK by activating ER-α and GPER. Identifying roles of different estrogen receptors would provide comprehensive understanding of estrogenic mechanisms in HCC development and shed light on potential treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kobayashi A, Kaido T, Hamaguchi Y, Okumura S, Taura K, Hatano E, Okajima H, Uemoto S. Impact of postoperative changes in sarcopenic factors on outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2015; 23:57-64. [PMID: 26572789 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that preoperative low skeletal muscle quality was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, postoperative changes of quality as well as quantity of skeletal muscle after hepatectomy for HCC and their impact on postoperative outcomes have not been fully investigated. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 241 patients undergoing primary hepatectomy for HCC between January 2007 and September 2012. The quality and quantity of skeletal muscle were evaluated by intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) and the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) using computed tomography imaging at the umbilical level, respectively. We evaluated postoperative changes in IMAC and PMI in patients according to preoperative sarcopenia, sex, and surgical procedure. We also investigated the impact of ΔIMAC and ΔPMI on HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, indocyanine green retention test at 15 min ≥ 15% (odds ratio [OR] = 3.156; P = 0.041) and high ΔIMAC at 6 months after hepatectomy (OR = 3.713; P = 0.024) were the risk factors for HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC. CONCLUSION Postoperative depletion of skeletal muscle quality is closely involved with HCC recurrence after hepatectomy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kobayashi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Hamaguchi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Okumura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Secretion of one adipokine Nampt/Visfatin suppresses the inflammatory stress-induced NF-κB activity and affects Nampt-dependent cell viability in Huh-7 cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:392471. [PMID: 25814788 PMCID: PMC4357042 DOI: 10.1155/2015/392471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nampt/visfatin acts in both intracellular and extracellular compartments to regulate multiple biological roles, including NAD metabolism, cancer, inflammation, and senescence. However, its function in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well-defined. Here we use Huh-7 hepatoma cells as a model to determine how Nampt/visfatin affects cellular survival under oxidative stress. We found that the transition of Nampt/visfatin from intracellular into extracellular form was induced by H2O2 treatment in 293T cells and confirmed that this phenomenon was not due to cell death but through the secretion of Nampt/visfatin. In addition, Nampt/visfatin suppressed cell viability in oxidative treatment in Huh-7 cells and acted on the inhibition of hepatoma cell growth. Oxidative stress also reduced the Nampt-mediated activation of NF-κB gene expression. In this study, we identify a novel feature of Nampt/visfatin which functions as an adipokine that can be secreted upon cellular stress. Our results provide an example to understand how adipokine interacts with chemotherapeutic treatment by oxidative stress in HCC.
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Yang CC, Chang SF, Chao JK, Lai YL, Chang WE, Hsu WH, Kuo WH. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion stimulated by adipokine resistin. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:112. [PMID: 24555415 PMCID: PMC3936704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistin, adipocyte-secreting adipokine, may play critical role in modulating cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on HCC adhesion to the endothelium, and the mechanism underlying these resistin effects. Methods Human SK-Hep1 cells were used to study the effect of resistin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions as well as NF-κB activation, and hence cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects. Results Treatment with resistin increased the adhesion of SK-Hep1 cells to HUVECs and concomitantly induced NF-κB activation, as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in SK-Hep1 cells. Using specific blocking antibodies and siRNAs, we found that resistin-induced SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs was through NF-κB-regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. Moreover, treatment with AICAR demonstrated that AMPK activation in SK-Hep1 cells significantly attenuates the resistin effect on SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs. Conclusions These results clarify the role of resistin in inducing HCC adhesion to the endothelium and demonstrate the inhibitory effect of AMPK activation under the resistin stimulation. Our findings provide a notion that resistin play an important role to promote HCC metastasis and implicate AMPK may be a therapeutic target to against HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wu-Hsien Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed-Forces Hualien General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan.
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Michikawa T, Inoue M, Sawada N, Sasazuki S, Tanaka Y, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Mizokami M, Tsugane S. Plasma levels of adiponectin and primary liver cancer risk in middle-aged Japanese adults with hepatitis virus infection: a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:2250-7. [PMID: 24045928 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for primary liver cancer, and the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of obesity-related malignancies is a focus of research interest. Few prospective studies have examined the association between circulating adiponectin and liver cancer risk, so we investigated this association in a nested case-control study of a population-based prospective cohort in Japan. METHODS From 18,628 target participants of ages 40 to 69 years who returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples, we selected those with either hepatitis B or C virus infection at baseline (n = 1,544). Among these, 90 were newly diagnosed with primary liver cancer from 1993 through 2006, and matched to 177 controls. The ORs of liver cancer development based on plasma levels of adiponectin were estimated with a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS Median values of total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin tended to be higher in the patients with liver cancer, and plasma levels of adiponectin were positively associated with liver cancer risk. Body mass index- and diabetes-adjusted ORs for the highest tertile of total and HMW adiponectin levels versus the lowest were 3.30 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45-7.53; Ptrend < 0.01] and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.50-7.73; Ptrend < 0.01), respectively. There was no effect modification by body mass index and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma adiponectin levels were associated with an increased risk of primary liver cancer in middle-aged Japanese adults with hepatitis virus infection. IMPACT Circulating adiponectin levels may be a risk marker for primary liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Authors' Affiliations: Environmental Epidemiology Section, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya; and The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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Cai X, Gan Y, Fan Y, Hu J, Jin Y, Chen F, Chen T, Sun Y, Wang J, Qin W, Tu H. The adiponectin gene single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1501299 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:166-72. [PMID: 23740135 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing lines of evidence have suggested that adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the relationship between genetic variants of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and HCC has not been previously explored. Therefore, we performed a case-control study to examine the association of haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ with HCC risk. METHODS Five haplotype-tagging SNPs of ADIPOQ (rs266729, rs822395, rs822396, rs2241766 and rs1501299) were genotyped in 200 HCC patients and 200 non-HCC controls by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of HCC associated with each individual SNP and we adjusted for multiple testing by the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Of the five tested SNPs, rs1501299 showed a strong and significant association with HCC risk even after the Bonferroni correction. After adjusting for the serological status of the hepatitis virus B core antibody and for other SNPs, the odds ratios were 4.33 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.07-9.05; corrected P < 0.005] and 3.71 (95 % CI 1.84-7.48; corrected P < 0.005) for the GG genotype and GG/GT combined genotype, respectively, versus the TT genotype. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report, demonstrating an association of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with HCC risk. Our results implicate the ADIPOQ SNP rs1501299 as a susceptibility locus for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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