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Cheng T, Yu D, Liu B, Qiu X, Tang Q, Li G, Zhou L, Wen Z. Oily fish reduces the risk of acne by lowering fasting insulin levels: A Mendelian randomization study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3964-3972. [PMID: 38873457 PMCID: PMC11167188 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat intake, particularly from oily fish, has been associated with various chronic diseases. However, its relationship with acne has always been controversial. Therefore, we have adopted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between different types of meat intake and acne. The exposure and outcome datasets for this study were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS project. Seven datasets on meat intake were included, which consisted of non-oily fish, oily fish, lamb/mutton, poultry, pork, beef, and processed meat. The main methods used for MR analysis were inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-egger. To ensure the accuracy of the results, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analyses were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of four risk factors (fasting insulin, insulin resistance, total testosterone level, and estradiol level) was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking statistically significant meat intake to acne. Oily fish intake was found to be a protective factor for acne (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.49, p < .001), and it was also observed that oily fish intake can reduce the level of fasting insulin by the IVW method (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98, p = .02). No causal relationship was identified between other types of meat intake and acne. The intake of oily fish reduces the risk of acne by lowering fasting insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cheng
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongdong Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xingying Qiu
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Tang
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zehuai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Science and Technology Innovation Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Kozłowski M, Niedzielska M, Lorenz A, Brodowska A, Malanowska E, Przepiera A, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Sowińska-Przepiera E. Metabolic and Dietary Factors in Acne Vulgaris and Evaluation of the Acne Vulgaris Treatment with Oral Contraceptive-Based Therapies in Young Adult Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:1488. [PMID: 36986218 PMCID: PMC10057923 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of acne is complex, as several endo- and exogenous factors that affect the sebaceous-hair unit are involved in the development of acne lesions. The main aim of the study was to evaluate selected metabolic parameters before treatment. Another goal of the study was to determine the correlation between selected metabolic and dietary parameters and the severity of acne before treatment. The third objective was to assess the severity of acne before and after treatment, considering the type of treatment used. The final objective was to assess the relationship between the difference in acne severity before and after treatment, considering the type of treatment used and factors of dairy or sweets intake. 168 women participated in the study. The patients belonged to two groups: the study group (99 patients with acne vulgaris) and the control group (69 patients without skin lesions). The study group was divided into subgroups according to the treatment used: contraceptive preparation, contraceptive preparation and cyproterone acetate, and contraceptive preparation and isotretinoin preparation. We found that LDL levels and consumption of sweets correlated with acne severity. The mainstay of acne treatment is contraceptive treatment (ethinylestradiol and drospirenone). The effectiveness of the three contraceptive-based treatments was confirmed by observing the severity of acne. There were no significant correlations between the difference in acne severity before and after treatment with the three treatments and factors of dairy or sweet consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kozłowski
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mirela Niedzielska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lorenz
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Malanowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Przepiera
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Establishing and Verifying a Robust Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Simultaneously Measure Seven Androgens Present in Plasma Samples. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To develop a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to simultaneously measure seven human plasma androgens, namely testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KetoT), and 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT). Design and Methods: Plasma was extracted via a solid phase extraction method, and the analytical performance of the assay was validated according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Overall, 73 apparently healthy volunteers were recruited to evaluate the distribution of these seven androgens; their levels in 25 females with acne and 33 obese females were also evaluated. Results: The developed method exhibited a good precision, with the total coefficient variations (CV) and the intra-assay CVs being within 10%. Furthermore, the recoveries of T, DHT, A4, DHEA, DHEAS, 11-KetoT, and 11β-OHT were 90.3–105.8, 88.7–98.1, 92.4–102.5, 90.5–106.7, 87.6–99.9, 93.3–105.3, and 90.2–104.4%, respectively, and no significant matrix effect was observed after internal standard correction (<20%). Moreover, the limits of quantification were 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.10, 5.00, 0.02, and 0.02 ng/mL for T, DHT, A4, DHEA, DHEAS, 11-KetoT, and 11β-OHT, respectively, which are adequate for their accurate measurement in human plasma samples. It was also determined that patients diagnosed with acne had significantly higher levels of DHT, A4, and DHEAS, while those suffering from obesity had significantly higher levels of T and A4 but lower levels of DHT. Conclusions: A robust LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of seven androgens in plasma samples was successfully established and validated, which plays important roles in clinical application.
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Carmina E, Dreno B, Lucky WA, Agak WG, Dokras A, Kim JJ, Lobo RA, Ramezani Tehrani F, Dumesic D. Female Adult Acne and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac003. [PMID: 35155970 PMCID: PMC8826298 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In endocrine and reproductive endocrine literature, adult female acne is considered as a possible clinical expression of hyperandrogenism, with most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines considering acne as a condition of androgen excess. Adult female acne, however, in the dermatological literature is considered as an inflammatory skin disease and new guidelines on adult female acne have been produced by dermatological societies, with little perspective from any endocrine or reproductive endocrine points of view. An expert task force was appointed by the AE-PCOS society to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations that could be valid for all specialists taking care of female adult acne. The following are the recommendations (level of evidence A or B): (1) diagnosis of female adult acne is mainly clinical, but a grading tool is needed for optimizing the treatment; (2) measurement of serum androgen values (total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) by high-quality assays is recommended in all women with adult acne; (3) in women with adult acne and proven hyperandrogenism, oral combined estroprogestins should be added to the topical or systemic treatment of acne, independently of severity of acne; (4) all second- and third-generation estroprogestins may be used, independently of the estrogen dose and progestin component; (5) spironolactone may be added to estroprogestins in women with moderate or severe hyperandrogenic adult acne, not responding to usual treatments; (6) estroprogestins may be used in nonhyperandrogenic patients with adult acne as second-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmina
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Palermo Medical School, Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nantes Medical School, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - W Anne Lucky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - W George Agak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital and The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Rogerio A Lobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR 1985717413, Iran
| | - Daniel Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mohamed AA, Hassnine A, Elsayed A, Montaser M, Ismail Y, El-Demery A, Sultan E, Abdel Aziz RS, Eldemiry E, Hagag R, El-Kholy AA, Salah E. Isotretinoin Induced Hyperlipidemia and Impact of Leptin Gene rs 7799039 Polymorphism in Safety of Acne Patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 14:1679-1687. [PMID: 34992430 PMCID: PMC8714009 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s341723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit. Leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms is associated with higher risk of multiple disorders. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) exerts comedogenic effect by stimulating the sebaceous glands. Isotretinoin is an effective oral therapy for AV with many side effects including hyperlipidemia and increased serum levels of liver enzymes. Purpose To evaluate the impact of LEP gene rs7799039 polymorphism in acne patients' clinical response lipid profile and liver enzymes following 6 months oral isotretinoin therapy in Egyptian AV patients. Methods One hundred eligible AV patients received 0.5 mg/kg oral isotretinoin for 6 months. Patients' demographics and clinical data were obtained. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, liver enzymes and IGF-1 were measured at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. Genotyping was done for LEP gene rs 7799039. Results Six month administration of oral isotretinoin in Egyptian AV patients is associated with significantly elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) in CC and AC genotypes (P<0.001). Significant alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was observed in CC, AC and AA genotypes (P <0.001, 0.004, 0.002, respectively). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were elevated significantly P<0.001) in the three genotypes. IGF-1 was decreased significantly in CC and AC genotypes (P<0.001). CC genotype is associated with highest response (P<0.001). Conclusion LEP rs7799039 gene had an impact on the clinical response, lipid profile and liver enzymes in AV patients treated with oral isotretinoin. LEP rs7799039 CC genotype is predicted to be the treatment candidate for 6 month oral isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Mohamed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology & Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshymaa Hassnine
- Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amr Elsayed
- Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Montaser
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Ismail
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Demery
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Eman Sultan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S Abdel Aziz
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Eldemiry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fellow of Clinical Pharmacology, Cairo University Hospitals, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Hagag
- Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gayen R, Podder I, Chakraborty I, Chowdhury SN. Sex Hormones, Metabolic Status, and Obesity in Female Patients with Acne Vulgaris Along with Clinical Correlation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:60-66. [PMID: 33911295 PMCID: PMC8061487 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_82_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological disorder. Several hormones are suspected to play a role in its etiopathogenesis. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the role of sex-hormones, metabolic status, and obesity in acne vulgaris and correlate with its severity and symptom load. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 89 female patients with acne vulgaris and certain phenotypic markers such as prepubertal onset, late-onset, persistent course, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, premenstrual flare, and diminished response to isotretinoin; suggestive of an underlying hormonal pathology. All patients were subjected to physical examination to rule out obesity and metabolic syndrome along with serum biochemistry to detect sex hormones (testosterone, progesterone, estrogen), serum insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile. Results: Among 89 patients (mean age 21.3 ± 5.3 years), 34.8% presented with late-onset/persistent/pre-pubertal acne, 33.7% presented with premenstrual flare and 28.2% presented with hirsutism. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated testosterone and progesterone with low estrogen across all categories of patients. Testosterone was significantly elevated even in mild acne. Serum lipid profile was altered significantly only in hirsute females. In total, 36% and 20.2% patients presented with metabolic syndrome and obesity, respectively; however, neither was associated with severity of acne. Conclusion: Sex-hormones, serum lipids, metabolic status, and body mass index are altered in acne vulgaris. All acne patients with endocrine markers should be evaluated for sex-hormones irrespective of severity and symptom load, whereas hirsutism may be regarded as clinical marker of lipid abnormalities. Metabolic syndrome and obesity do not seem to be directly correlated with acne severity. Thus, anti-androgens may be considered as adjuvant therapy in these patients, not responding to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrashis Podder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyendra Nath Chowdhury
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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8
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Cunha MGD, Moraes C, Cebrian G, Silva RFD, Reple SIF, Machado Filho CD, Fonseca FLA. Dosages of androgenic hormones in adolescent patients with severe acne. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:36-41. [PMID: 32130379 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acne vulgaris in female adolescents, when severe or accompanied by other signs of androgenization, may represent a sign of hyperandrogenemia often underdiagnosed, which will have harmful consequences for adult life. The objective of this cross-sectional and retrospective study was to demonstrate the incidence of hormonal changes in the cases of female adolescents with severe or extensive acne, with or without other signs of hyperandrogenism, and propose a hormonal research pattern which should be indicated in order to detect early hyperandrogenemia. METHODS The medical records of 38 female patients aged between 9 and 15 years old with grade II and/or III acne were analyzed. The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrostenedione, and androstenedione, total testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone sulfate hormones were required prior to initiation of treatment. The hormonal dosages were performed in the serum after at least 3 hours of fasting by means of radioimmunoassay tests. RESULTS Of the 38 patients included, 44.7% presented changes in androgen levels (hyperandrogenemia), and the two most frequently altered hormones were DHEA and androstenedione, with the same incidence (23.6%). CONCLUSIONS The correct and early diagnosis provides an effective and agile approach, including antiandrogen therapy, with the purpose of avoiding the reproductive and metabolic repercussions, besides controlling the inflammatory picture and avoid aesthetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Gonzaga da Cunha
- . Disciplina de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, CEP 09060-650, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Caio Moraes
- . Disciplina de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, CEP 09060-650, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Giovana Cebrian
- . Disciplina de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, CEP 09060-650, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafaela Ferreira da Silva
- . Disciplina de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, CEP 09060-650, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - Sônia Isabel Friedlaender Reple
- . Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, CEP 09060-650, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- . Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, CEP 09060-650, Santo André, SP, Brasil.,. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brasil
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9
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Abstract
Objectives To correlate acne severity with elevated androgen levels and to compare androgen levels between cases and controls. Methods This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 2016 - March 2017. Two hundred and seventy patients and eighty age and gender-matched controls were recruited after ethical approval and informed consent and categorized into mild, moderate and severe acne. Severity was correlated with serum Testosterone, Dihydrotestoststerone and Dihydroepiandrosterone Sulphate levels. Quantitative variables were expressed as median and percentiles, comparisons done by Mann-Whitney and correlations by Spearman correlation. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were 142 (41%) males and 208 (59%) females. Ninety-Seven patients had mild, 108 moderate and 65 had severe disease. Median hormonal levels were 3.5ng/ml, 184pg/ml and 0.82ug/dl for Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone and Dihydroepiandrosterone Sulphate respectively which differed significantly between cases and controls. There was no correlation with severity but the levels differed significantly between the different grades in case of Testosterone and DHEAS. Conclusion Androgens are not directly correlated with acne severity, but affect acne severity as seen in difference between their levels in different grades of acne. Anti-androgens may be initiated early in acne resistant to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usma Iftikhar
- Dr. Usma Iftikhar, FCPS. Department of Dermatology, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nakhshab Choudhry
- Dr. Nakhshab Choudhry, PhD. Professor & Chairman, Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Bienenfeld A, Azarchi S, Lo Sicco K, Marchbein S, Shapiro J, Nagler AR. Androgens in women: Androgen-mediated skin disease and patient evaluation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:1497-1506. [PMID: 30312644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are produced throughout the body in steroid-producing organs, such as the adrenal glands and ovaries, and in other tissues, like the skin. Several androgens are found normally in women, including dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione. These androgens are essential in the development of several common cutaneous conditions in women, including acne, hirsutism, and female pattern hair loss (FPHL)-androgen-mediated cutaneous disorders (AMCDs). However, the role of androgens in the pathophysiology of these diseases is complicated and incompletely understood. In the first article in this Continuing Medical Education series, we discuss the role of the skin in androgen production and the impact of androgens on the skin in women. Specifically, we review the necessary but insufficient role that androgens play in the development of acne, hirsutism, and FPHL in women. Dermatologists face the challenge of differentiating physiologic from pathologic presentations of AMCDs in women. There are currently no dermatology guidelines outlining the indications for endocrinologic evaluation in women presenting with acne, hirsutism, or FPHL. We review the available evidence regarding when to consider an endocrinologic workup in women presenting with AMCDs, including the appropriate type and timing of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bienenfeld
- New York University School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Azarchi
- New York University School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kristen Lo Sicco
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shari Marchbein
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Arielle R Nagler
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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Hosseinpour-Moghaddam K, Caraglia M, Sahebkar A. Autophagy induction by trehalose: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic impacts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6524-6543. [PMID: 29663416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The balance between synthesis and degradation is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis and different mechanisms are known to keep this balance. In this review, we will provide a short overview on autophagy as an intracellular homeostatic degradative machinery. We will also describe the involvement of downregulation of autophagy in numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, aging, metabolic disorders, and other infectious diseases. Therefore, modulation of autophagic processes can represent a promising way of intervention in different diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a natural disaccharide found extensively but not abundantly among several organisms. It is described that trehalose can work as an important autophagy modulator and can be proficiently used in the control several diseases in which autophagy plays an important role. On these bases, we describe here the role of trehalose as an innovative drug in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other illnesses opening a new scenario of intervention in conditions difficult to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Layton AM, Eady EA, Whitehouse H, Del Rosso JQ, Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ. Oral Spironolactone for Acne Vulgaris in Adult Females: A Hybrid Systematic Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017; 18:169-191. [PMID: 28155090 PMCID: PMC5360829 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-016-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of acne in adult females is problematic, with many having a history of treatment failure and some having a predisposition to androgen excess. Alternatives to oral antibiotics and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are required. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to conduct a hybrid systematic review of the evidence for benefits and potential harms of oral spironolactone in the management of acne in adult females. METHODS The review was conducted according to a previously published protocol. Three reviewers independently selected relevant studies from the search results, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and rated the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 case series were retrieved. All trials were assessed as being at a 'high risk' of bias, and the quality of evidence was rated as low or very low for all outcomes. Apart from one crossover trial that demonstrated statistical superiority of a 200 mg daily dose versus inflamed lesions compared with placebo, data from the remaining trials were unhelpful in establishing the degree of efficacy of lower doses versus active comparators or placebo. Menstrual side effects were significantly more common with the 200 mg dose; frequency could be significantly reduced by concomitant use of a COC. Pooling of results for serum potassium supported the recent recommendation that routine monitoring is not required in this patient population. CONCLUSION This systematic review of RCTs and case series identified evidence of limited quality to underpin the expert endorsement of spironolactone at the doses typically used (≤100 mg/day) in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Layton
- Department of Dermatology, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - E Anne Eady
- Department of Dermatology, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK.
| | - Heather Whitehouse
- Department of Dermatology, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - James Q Del Rosso
- Lakes Dermatology and Del Rosso Dermatology Research Center, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Esther J van Zuuren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Fabbrocini G, Capasso C, Donnarumma M, Cantelli M, Le Maître M, Monfrecola G, Emanuele E. A peel-off facial mask comprising myoinositol and trehalose-loaded liposomes improves adult female acne by reducing local hyperandrogenism and activating autophagy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16:480-484. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Claudia Capasso
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Marianna Donnarumma
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cantelli
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery; University of Naples Federico II; Naples Italy
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Pashinjan AG, Shahnovich AA. Topical antibacterial medications for therapy of patient with acne. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2017. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2017-93-1-64-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Problems of acne pathogenesis are reviewed. Efficacy evaluation and safety use of 1% clindamycin solution at patient with acne are demonstrated.
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Cunha MG, Martins CP, M Filho CD, Alves BCA, Adami F, Azzalis LA, Fonseca FLA. Acne in adult women and the markers of peripheral 3 alpha-diol G activity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:330-334. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa G Cunha
- Disciplina de Dermatologia; FMABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Adami
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas; FMABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Ligia A Azzalis
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais; Químicas e Farmacêuticas; UNIFESP; Diadema SP Brazil
| | - Fernando L A Fonseca
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas; FMABC; Santo André SP Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais; Químicas e Farmacêuticas; UNIFESP; Diadema SP Brazil
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease - rather than a natural part of the life cycle as colloquially viewed - of the pilosebaceous unit (comprising the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland) and is among the most common dermatological conditions worldwide. Some of the key mechanisms involved in the development of acne include disturbed sebaceous gland activity associated with hyperseborrhoea (that is, increased sebum production) and alterations in sebum fatty acid composition, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, interaction with neuropeptides, follicular hyperkeratinization, induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immunity. Grading of acne involves lesion counting and photographic methods. However, there is a lack of consensus on the exact grading criteria, which hampers the conduction and comparison of randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating treatments. Prevention of acne relies on the successful management of modifiable risk factors, such as underlying systemic diseases and lifestyle factors. Several treatments are available, but guidelines suffer from a lack of data to make evidence-based recommendations. In addition, the complex combination treatment regimens required to target different aspects of acne pathophysiology lead to poor adherence, which undermines treatment success. Acne commonly causes scarring and reduces the quality of life of patients. New treatment options with a shift towards targeting the early processes involved in acne development instead of suppressing the effects of end products will enhance our ability to improve the outcomes for patients with acne.
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Unal M, Urun Unal G, Balevi S, Tol H, Uyar M. The Second to Fourth Digit Ratio in Acne Vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2015; 32:651-5. [PMID: 25940068 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen hormones are thought to play a leading role in acne vulgaris (AV). The 2D:4D digit ratio refers to the ratio of the length of the second finger (index finger) to that of the fourth finger (ring finger). It is thought that the balance between fetal testosterone and fetal estrogen during the prenatal period largely determines this ratio, which does not change with age in the postnatal period. METHODS Patients with no other disease except AV and a control group of healthy patients were included in the study. Sex, age, family history, age of onset, and duration of disease in patients diagnosed with AV were recorded. The lengths of the patients' second and fourth fingers were measured using a digital caliper with a resolution of 0.01 mm. Hormone levels were also measured. RESULTS When the 2D:4D ratio for the right hand and the left hand (separately) as well as the average (mean) 2D:4D ratio of both hands in male and female patients were compared with those of the control group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The right 2D:4D ratio of female patients was positively correlated with free androgen index percentage and prolactin values and negatively correlated with sex hormone-binding globulin. The left 2D:4D ratio of female patients was found to be positively correlated with disease duration and follicle-stimulating hormone values. CONCLUSION The 2D:4D ratio was not significantly different between the group with AV and the control group independent of sex. Also, we did not observe a significant association with age of onset, severity of disease, or family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Unal
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Konya Numune Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulbahar Urun Unal
- Department of Family Medicine, Konya Education and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sukru Balevi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Tol
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uyar
- Department of Public Health, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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da Cunha MG, Batista ALF, Macedo MS, Machado Filho CDS, Fonseca FLA. Study of lipid profile in adult women with acne. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2015; 8:449-54. [PMID: 26316790 PMCID: PMC4544726 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s83248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to establish the lipid profile of female patients with acne in the Acne-in-Adult-Women Ambulatory Care Clinic in order to observe the prevalence of dyslipidemia in those patients. Methods This is a retrospective transversal study that evaluated the medical records of 416 patients who attended at the Acne-in-Adult-Women Ambulatory Care Clinic, at the Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil, in the year 2012. Relevant data included age and clinical classification of acne. The lipid profile was analyzed according to the results of laboratory tests ordered during outpatient visits, which included total and fractionated cholesterol levels and triglycerides. Results The epidemiological study sample was of 219 patients, with ages ranging from 21 to 61 years (mean of 32.23 years). The predominant clinical grade was papule-pustule acne (grade II) with 156 patients (71%). Regarding the lipid profile of the patients, there was a high increase in total cholesterol levels in 17.35% of the cases. High-density lipoprotein levels were low in 11.42% of the patients, with normal prevalence in 194 subjects. Low-density lipoprotein levels were normal in most patients (60.27%). Very-low-density lipoprotein values were normal in almost all patients (94.06%) and increased in only 13 patients (5.94%). Only 18 patients presented high levels of triglycerides (8.22%). Conclusion The conclusion was that patients with grades II and III acne are more likely to have total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein altered. A correct and early diagnosis can be an important measure for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Gonzaga da Cunha
- Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marzia Silva Macedo
- Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wei B, Qu L, Zhu H, Xiao T, Wei HC, Chen HD, He C. Higher 17a-Hydroxyprogesterone Levels Aggravated the Severity of Male Adolescent Acne in Northeast China. Dermatology 2014; 229:359-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000365656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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