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Morris JK, Loane M, Wahlich C, Tan J, Baldacci S, Ballardini E, Cavero-Carbonell C, Damkjær M, García-Villodre L, Gissler M, Given J, Gorini F, Heino A, Limb E, Lutke R, Neville A, Rissmann A, Scanlon L, Tucker DF, Urhoj SK, de Walle HE, Garne E. Hospital care in the first 10 years of life of children with congenital anomalies in six European countries: data from the EUROlinkCAT cohort linkage study. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:402-408. [PMID: 38373775 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the hospital care for children born with a major congenital anomaly up to 10 years of age compared with children without a congenital anomaly. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS 79 591 children with congenital anomalies and 2 021 772 children without congenital anomalies born 1995-2014 in six European countries in seven regions covered by congenital anomaly registries were linked to inpatient electronic health records up to their 10th birthday. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of days in hospital and number of surgeries. RESULTS During the first year of life among the seven regions, a median of 2.4% (IQR: 2.3, 3.2) of children with a congenital anomaly accounted for 18% (14, 24) of days in hospital and 63% (62, 76) of surgeries. Over the first 10 years of life, the percentages were 17% (15, 20) of days in hospital and 20% (19, 22) of surgeries. Children with congenital anomalies spent 8.8 (7.5, 9.9) times longer in hospital during their first year of life than children without anomalies (18 days compared with 2 days) and 5 (4.1-6.1) times longer aged, 5-9 (0.5 vs 0.1 days). In the first year of life, children with gastrointestinal anomalies spent 40 times longer and those with severe heart anomalies 20 times longer in hospital reducing to over 5 times longer when aged 5-9. CONCLUSIONS Children with a congenital anomaly consume a significant proportion of hospital care resources. Priority should be given to public health primary prevention measures to reduce the risk of congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Loane
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, INHR, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Charlotte Wahlich
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Joachim Tan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Baldacci
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballardini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Paediatric Section, IMER Registry (Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Clara Cavero-Carbonell
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region FISABIO, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mads Damkjær
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Laura García-Villodre
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region FISABIO, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanne Given
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, INHR, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Heino
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Limb
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Renee Lutke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Neville
- Emilia Romagna Registry of Birth Defects and Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Leuan Scanlon
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - David F Tucker
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service for Wales, Public Health Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Stine Kjaer Urhoj
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermien Ek de Walle
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ester Garne
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
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2
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Kar A, Dhamdhere D, Medhekar A. "Fruits of our past karma": a qualitative study on knowledge and attitudes about congenital anomalies among women in Pune district, India. J Community Genet 2023; 14:429-438. [PMID: 37269462 PMCID: PMC10239211 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are distressing events for future parents/parents when a foetal anomaly is detected during pregnancy or when the infant is born with a disability or a congenital disorder. Maternal health services in India do not provide information on these disorders as part of routine activities. The objective is to understand women's knowledge and attitude on causes, prevention, rights; attituted towards disability; and knowledge on medical care, rehabilitation, and welfare services in Pune district, India, with the goal of identifying the contents of birth defects education resources. The study used a qualitative descriptive design. Six focus group discussions were conducted with 24 women from Pune district. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify emergent themes. Three themes emerged. Firstly, women's knowledge on congenital anomalies was limited. These conditions were discussed generally with other adverse pregnancy experiences, and with reference to children with disabilities. Secondly, pregnancy termination for conditions considered untreatable was majorly advocated by most women. Directive counselling for pregnancy termination by doctors was common. Thirdly, stigmatizing attitudes were responsible for children with disabilities being considered a burden, for maternal blaming, and for the stigma and isolation of families. Knowledge on rehabilitation was limited. The study identified that participants. Three target groups and contents for birth defects education were identified. Women's resources should include knowledge on preconception and antenatal opportunities for reducing risks, available medical care, and legal rights. Parents' resources should provide information on treatment, rehabilitation, legal provisions, and rights of disabled children. Resources for the general community should additionally include disability sensitization messages to ensure the inclusion of children with congenital disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kar
- Birth Defects and Childhood Disability Research Centre, Pune, 411020, India.
| | - Dipali Dhamdhere
- Birth Defects and Childhood Disability Research Centre, Pune, 411020, India
| | - Aishwarya Medhekar
- Birth Defects and Childhood Disability Research Centre, Pune, 411020, India
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3
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Pradhan J, Mallick S, Mishra N, Tiwari A, Negi VD. Pregnancy, infection, and epigenetic regulation: A complex scenario. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166768. [PMID: 37269984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A unique immunological condition, pregnancy ensures fetus from maternal rejection, allows adequate fetal development, and protects against microorganisms. Infections during pregnancy may lead to devastating consequences for pregnant women and fetuses, resulting in the mother's death, miscarriage, premature childbirth, or neonate with congenital infection and severe diseases and defects. Epigenetic (heritable changes in gene expression) mechanisms like DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and gene expression modulation during gestation are linked with the number of defects in the fetus and adolescents. The feto-maternal crosstalk for fetal survival during the entire gestational stages are tightly regulated by various cellular pathways, including epigenetic mechanisms that respond to both internal as well outer environmental factors, which can influence the fetal development across the gestational stages. Due to the intense physiological, endocrinological, and immunological changes, pregnant women are more susceptible to bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections than the general population. Microbial infections with viruses (LCMV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis) further increase the risk to maternal and fetal life and developmental outcome. If the infections remain untreated, the possibility of maternal and fetal death exists. This article focused on the severity and susceptibility to infections caused by Salmonella, Listeria, LCMV, and SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and their impact on maternal health and the fetus. How epigenetic regulation during pregnancy plays a vital role in deciding the fetus's developmental outcome under various conditions, including infection and other stress. A better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, the characterization of the maternal immune system, and the epigenetic regulations during pregnancy may help protect the mother and fetus from infection-mediated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Swarupa Mallick
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Neha Mishra
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Aman Tiwari
- Vidya Devi Negi, Infection Immunology Laboratory (2i-Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vidya Devi Negi
- Vidya Devi Negi, Infection Immunology Laboratory (2i-Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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4
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Frazzoli C, Mantovani A. Toxicological risk factors in the burden of malnutrition: The case of nutrition (and risk) transition in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111789. [PMID: 33011353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxicant exposures may worsen the micronutrient status, especially during the womb-to-childhood development, impairing organism programming and increasing the risk for health disorders in adulthood. Growing evidence calls for an integrated risk analysis of the interplay of environment, behavior and lifestyle, where a) imbalanced diet and micronutrient deficiencies may increase the vulnerability to toxicants and alter body defence systems and b) intake of antinutrients and contaminants may increase nutritional requirements. Such scenarios are especially evident in communities undergoing a fast nutrition transition, such as in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Specific challenges of toxicological risk analysis in sub-Saharan Africa still need a thorough assessment, including: rapid changes of lifestyle and consumers' preferences; dumping of foods and consumer' products; risk management under weak or non-existent awareness, legislation enforcement and infrastructures. The significant and growing literature from Africa-led scientific research should be used to build quality-controlled data repositories supporting regulatory top-down actions. Meanwhile, bottom-up actions (eg consumer's empowerment) could exploit social and economic drivers toward a qualified African presence in the global and local markets. A science-based combination of top-down and bottom-up actions on preventable toxicological risk factors will contribute fighting the new forms of malnutrition and prevent multi-factorial diseases. Exposures to toxicants should be included in the integrated approach proposed by WHO to address the urgent health challenge of simultaneously reduce the risk or burden of both malnutrition (ie deficiency of one or more essential nutrients) and overweight, obesity, and diet-related NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition, and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
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5
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Fareed N, Swoboda CM, Jonnalagadda P, Griesenbrock T, Gureddygari HR, Aldrich A. Visualizing Opportunity Index Data Using a Dashboard Application: A Tool to Communicate Infant Mortality-Based Area Deprivation Index Information. Appl Clin Inform 2020; 11:515-527. [PMID: 32757202 PMCID: PMC7406368 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An area deprivation index (ADI) is a geographical measure that accounts for socioeconomic factors (e.g., crime, health, and education). The state of Ohio developed an ADI associated with infant mortality: Ohio Opportunity Index (OOI). However, a powerful tool to present this information effectively to stakeholders was needed. OBJECTIVES We present a real use-case by documenting the design, development, deployment, and training processes associated with a dashboard solution visualizing ADI data. METHODS The Opportunity Index Dashboard (OID) allows for interactive exploration of the OOI and its seven domains-transportation, education, employment, housing, health, access to services, and crime. We used a user-centered design approach involving feedback sessions with stakeholders, who included representatives from project sponsors and subject matter experts. We assessed the usability of the OID based on the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction dimensions. The process of designing, developing, deploying, and training users in regard to the OID is described. RESULTS We report feedback provided by stakeholders for the OID categorized by function, content, and aesthetics. The OID has multiple, interactive components: choropleth map displaying OOI scores for a specific census tract, graphs presenting OOI or domain scores between tracts to compare relative positions for tracts, and a sortable table to visualize scores for specific county and census tracts. Changes based on parameter and filter selections are described using a general use-case. In the usability evaluation, the median task completion success rate was 83% and the median system usability score was 68. CONCLUSION The OID could assist health care leaders in making decisions that enhance care delivery and policy decision making regarding infant mortality. The dashboard helps communicate deprivation data across domains in a clear and concise manner. Our experience building this dashboard presents a template for developing dashboards that can address other health priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naleef Fareed
- CATALYST – The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Christine M. Swoboda
- CATALYST – The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Pallavi Jonnalagadda
- CATALYST – The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Tyler Griesenbrock
- CATALYST – The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Harish R. Gureddygari
- CATALYST – The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Alison Aldrich
- CATALYST – The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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6
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Baynam GS, Groft S, van der Westhuizen FH, Gassman SD, du Plessis K, Coles EP, Selebatso E, Selebatso M, Gaobinelwe B, Selebatso T, Joel D, Llera VA, Vorster BC, Wuebbels B, Djoudalbaye B, Austin CP, Kumuthini J, Forman J, Kaufmann P, Chipeta J, Gavhed D, Larsson A, Stojiljkovic M, Nordgren A, Roldan EJA, Taruscio D, Wong-Rieger D, Nowak K, Bilkey GA, Easteal S, Bowdin S, Reichardt JKV, Beltran S, Kosaki K, van Karnebeek CDM, Gong M, Shuyang Z, Mehrian-Shai R, Adams DR, Puri RD, Zhang F, Pachter N, Muenke M, Nellaker C, Gahl WA, Cederroth H, Broley S, Schoonen M, Boycott KM, Posada M. A call for global action for rare diseases in Africa. Nat Genet 2020; 52:21-26. [PMID: 31873296 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth S Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,The Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Division of Pediatrics; and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Groft
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emily P Coles
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eda Selebatso
- Botswana Organization for Rare Diseases (BORDIS), Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Moses Selebatso
- Botswana Organization for Rare Diseases (BORDIS), Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Tebogo Selebatso
- Botswana Organization for Rare Diseases (BORDIS), Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Dipesalema Joel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana School of Medicine, Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence and Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Barend C Vorster
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (PLIEM), Center for Human Metabolomics (CHM) at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Barbara Wuebbels
- Professional Patient Advocates in the Life Sciences (PPALS), Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Djoudalbaye
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judit Kumuthini
- Centre for Proteomic & Genomic Research, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Forman
- Unaffiliated rare-disease advocate, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - James Chipeta
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospitals-Lusaka Children Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Désirée Gavhed
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska Center for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolina Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Domenica Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Durhane Wong-Rieger
- Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rare Diseases International, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristen Nowak
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gemma A Bilkey
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Office of the Chief Health Officer, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Bowdin
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sergi Beltran
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengchun Gong
- National Rare Diseases Registry System of China (NRDRS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Shuyang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - David R Adams
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ratna D Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Feng Zhang
- SeekIn. Inc., Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Division of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoffer Nellaker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, and Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William A Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute and NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Broley
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maryke Schoonen
- Mitochondria Research Laboratory, Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Posada
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras & CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Lin D, Chen J, Lin Z, Li X, Zhang K, Wu X, Liu Z, Huang J, Li J, Zhu Y, Chen C, Zhao L, Xiang Y, Guo C, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen W, Lin H. A practical model for the identification of congenital cataracts using machine learning. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102621. [PMID: 31901869 PMCID: PMC6948173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 1 in 33 newborns is affected by congenital anomalies worldwide. We aimed to develop a practical model for identifying infants with a high risk of congenital cataracts (CCs), which is the leading cause of avoidable childhood blindness. Methods This case-control study was performed in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and involved 2005 subjects, including 1274 children with CCs and 731 healthy controls. The CC identification models were established based on birth conditions, family medical history, and family environmental factors using the random forest (RF) and adaptive boosting methods (trained by 1129 CC cases and 609 healthy controls), which were tested by internal 4-fold cross-validation and external validation (145 CC cases and 122 healthy controls). The models were also tested using 4 datasets with gradually reduced proportions of CC patients (bilateral cases) to validate their performance in an approximate simulation of a clinical environment with a relatively low disease prevalence. Findings The CC identification models showed high discrimination in both the 4-fold cross validation (area under the curve (AUC)=0.91 [95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.94] in bilateral cases; 0.82 [0.77–0.89] in unilateral cases) and external validation (AUC=0.93±0.05 in bilateral cases; 0.86±0.01 in unilateral cases), and achieved stable performance in the clinical tests (AUC=0.94–0.96 in the four subgroups by RF). Furthermore, family history of CC, low parental education level, and comorbidity were identified as the top three most relevant factors to both bilateral and unilateral CC diagnosis. Interpretation Our CC identification models can accurately discriminate CC patients from healthy children and have the potential to serve as a complementary screening procedure, especially in undeveloped and remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lanqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Jinsui Road #7, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Goldsmith S, McIntyre S, Hansen M, Badawi N. Congenital Anomalies in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. J Child Neurol 2019; 34:720-727. [PMID: 31208251 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819854595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are a strong risk factor for cerebral palsy, particularly for children born at term. This systematic review aimed to address gaps in our understanding of the association between congenital anomalies and cerebral palsy. Eight population-based studies (n = 10 081) were identified. Congenital anomalies were reported in 12% to 32% of children with pre/perinatal brain injury and 20% of children with postneonatal brain injury. Variation between studies included study cohort inclusion criteria and the definitions and classification of included anomalies. The most common cerebral anomalies were microcephaly and hydrocephaly, whereas circulatory system anomalies were the most common noncerebral anomalies. The proportion of congenital anomalies was higher in children born at term than preterm. Synthesizing the highest quality data published, this review identified that congenital anomalies are common in cerebral palsy. New collaborative research, addressing sources of variation, is vital to identify pathways to cerebral palsy that include specific congenital anomalies, and explore opportunities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Goldsmith
- 1 Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- 1 Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michele Hansen
- 2 Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- 1 Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Meagher KM, McGowan ML, Settersten RA, Fishman JR, Juengst ET. Precisely Where Are We Going? Charting the New Terrain of Precision Prevention. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2017; 18:369-387. [PMID: 28441061 PMCID: PMC6203331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091416-035222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to genetic data, precision medicine research gathers information about three factors that modulate gene expression: lifestyles, environments, and communities. The relevant research tools-epidemiology, environmental assessment, and socioeconomic analysis-are those of public health sciences rather than molecular biology. Because these methods are designed to support inferences and interventions addressing population health, the aspirations of this research are expanding from individualized treatment toward precision prevention in public health. The purpose of this review is to explore the emerging goals and challenges of such a shift to help ensure that the genomics community and public policy makers understand the ethical issues at stake in embracing and pursuing precision prevention. Two emerging goals bear special attention in this regard: (a) public health risk reduction strategies, such as screening, and (b) the application of genomic variation studies to understand and reduce health disparities among population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Meagher
- Center for Genomics and Society, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;
| | - Michelle L McGowan
- Ethics Center, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Richard A Settersten
- Human Development and Family Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;
| | - Jennifer R Fishman
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, Department of Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1X1, Canada;
| | - Eric T Juengst
- Center for Bioethics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;
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Improved Diagnosis and Care for Rare Diseases through Implementation of Precision Public Health Framework. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:55-94. [PMID: 29214566 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Public health relies on technologies to produce and analyse data, as well as effectively develop and implement policies and practices. An example is the public health practice of epidemiology, which relies on computational technology to monitor the health status of populations, identify disadvantaged or at risk population groups and thereby inform health policy and priority setting. Critical to achieving health improvements for the underserved population of people living with rare diseases is early diagnosis and best care. In the rare diseases field, the vast majority of diseases are caused by destructive but previously difficult to identify protein-coding gene mutations. The reduction in cost of genetic testing and advances in the clinical use of genome sequencing, data science and imaging are converging to provide more precise understandings of the 'person-time-place' triad. That is: who is affected (people); when the disease is occurring (time); and where the disease is occurring (place). Consequently we are witnessing a paradigm shift in public health policy and practice towards 'precision public health'.Patient and stakeholder engagement has informed the need for a national public health policy framework for rare diseases. The engagement approach in different countries has produced highly comparable outcomes and objectives. Knowledge and experience sharing across the international rare diseases networks and partnerships has informed the development of the Western Australian Rare Diseases Strategic Framework 2015-2018 (RD Framework) and Australian government health briefings on the need for a National plan.The RD Framework is guiding the translation of genomic and other technologies into the Western Australian health system, leading to greater precision in diagnostic pathways and care, and is an example of how a precision public health framework can improve health outcomes for the rare diseases population.Five vignettes are used to illustrate how policy decisions provide the scaffolding for translation of new genomics knowledge, and catalyze transformative change in delivery of clinical services. The vignettes presented here are from an Australian perspective and are not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to provide insights into how a new and emerging 'precision public health' paradigm can improve the experiences of patients living with rare diseases, their caregivers and families.The conclusion is that genomic public health is informed by the individual and family needs, and the population health imperatives of an early and accurate diagnosis; which is the portal to best practice care. Knowledge sharing is critical for public health policy development and improving the lives of people living with rare diseases.
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Primary Prevention of Congenital Anomalies: Special Focus on Environmental Chemicals and other Toxicants, Maternal Health and Health Services and Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:301-322. [PMID: 29214580 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies (CA) represent an important fraction of rare diseases, due to the critical role of non-genetic factors in their pathogenesis. CA are the main group of rare diseases in which primary prevention measures will have a beneficial impact. Indeed, since 2013 the European Union has endorsed a body of evidence-based recommendations for CA primary prevention; the recommendations aim at facilitating the inclusion of primary prevention actions the National Rare Disease Plans of EU Member States and encompass different public health fields, from environment through to maternal diseases and lifestyles.The chapter overviews and discusses the assessment of main risk factors for CA, such as environmental toxicants, maternal health and lifestyles and infections, with a special attention to issues that are emerging or need more knowledge.Overall, the availability of CA registries is important for estimating the health burden of CA, identifying possible hotspots, assessing the impact of interventions and addressing further, fit-to-purpose research.The integration of relevant public health actions that are already in place (e.g., control of noxious chemicals, vaccination programmes, public health services addressing chronic maternal conditions) can increase the affordability and sustainability of CA primary prevention. In developing countries with less primary prevention in place and limited overall resources, a first recognition phase may be pivotal in order to identify priority targets. In the meanwhile, policy makers should be made aware that primary prevention of RD supports publicly endorsed societal values like the knowledge-based promotion of health, empowerment, equity and social inclusiveness.
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Mantovani A, Baldi F. The Food in Pregnancy Decalogue: Ten suggestions to protect the unborn child launched at EXPO 2015. Reprod Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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