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Fida R, Watson D, Ghezzi V, Barbaranelli C, Ronchetti M, Di Tecco C. Is Gender an Antecedent to Workplace Stressors? A Systematic Review and an Empirical Study Using a Person-Centred Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085541. [PMID: 37107823 PMCID: PMC10139098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Work is a key domain of life in which gender inequality can manifest, yet gender is rarely the explicit focus of research seeking to understand exposure to stressors. We investigated this research gap in two studies. METHODS Study 1 was a systematic review of the relationship between gender and key stressors (e.g., high demands, poor support, lack of clarity and control). From a total of 13,376,130 papers met our inclusion criteria. Study 2 was a cross-sectional study that included 11,289 employees nested within 71 public organisations (50.6% men). Through a latent profile analysis, we investigated the profiles of stressors separately from men and women. RESULTS The systematic review revealed that, for all stressors, a significant proportion of studies found no significant gender differences, and the review found mixed evidence of greater exposure for both men and women. The results of Study 2 revealed that both genders could be optimally represented by three psychosocial risk profiles reflecting medium, low and high stressors. The results also showed that while the shape of profiles was similar for both genders, men had a higher probability than women of being in the virtuous (i.e., low stressors) profile, and the opposite pattern emerged for the average profile (i.e., medium levels of stressors). Men and women displayed the same likelihood of being classified in the at-risk profile (i.e., high levels of stressors). CONCLUSION Gender differences in exposure to stressors are inconsistent. Although the literature on gender role theory and the gendering of work suggests different exposures to stressors in men and women, we find little empirical support for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fida
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Watson
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Valerio Ghezzi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Barbaranelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Ronchetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
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Costa C, Teodoro M, De Vita A, Giambò F, Mento C, Muscatello MRA, Alibrandi A, Italia S, Fenga C. Factors Affecting Perceived Work Environment, Wellbeing, and Coping Styles: A Comparison between Physicians and Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11104. [PMID: 36078818 PMCID: PMC9518450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a current emergency worldwide. All the consequent changes in sanitary systems have negatively affected the work-life balance. In particular, healthcare workers suffered from anxiety, stress, and depression, mostly nurses compared to physicians. To handle this situation, the adoption of different coping strategies has played a strategic role in psychophysical wellbeing. Our main goal is to the assess the perception of work environment and wellbeing (EQ-5D questionnaire), as well as to analyze possible differences in coping styles between physicians and nurses (brief COPE questionnaire). The arising differences were compared between the two groups, and associations with variables were assessed through a bivariate correlation analysis. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020 through an online survey. A total of 172 respondents (117 physicians and 55 nurses), of which 102 were women and 70 were men, accepted to join the study. Our results showed that physicians referred a higher perception of wellbeing, and nurses reported an increased perception of work activity and efficiency, along with an unchanged economic status. The most frequently adopted coping strategies were Active and Planning (self-sufficient coping). Physicians showed a greater tendency to use avoidant coping strategies. More-experienced nurses and physicians were less prone to adopt socially supported coping strategies, emphasizing the need for novel organizational measures at the social dimension that favored sharing and interaction between peers. Future research should aim to further investigate the relationship between the perception of work environment and coping strategies in order to identify risk factors to be prevented by promoting adequate measures at an organizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Vita
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Giambò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Mento
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Clinical Psychology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Italia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Routine Oncology Treatment and Its Human Deficits. Recent Results Cancer Res 2021. [PMID: 34019172 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63749-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Working with cancer patients is a highly demanding task. Both, caring for physical, social and spiritual needs of cancer patients as well as an overwhelming bureaucratisation, and technologisation challenge oncologists in a way that may cause mental and physical exhaustion, often-paradoxically-despite high job and specialty satisfaction. This article (i) summarises research findings with a special focus on oncologists' burnout (including factors associated with the phenomffenon), job satisfaction and physical health; (ii) describes potential consequences of burnout and distress, e.g., shortcomings in the physician-patient interaction in oncological treatment settings, financial implications on the health-care system, etc.; and (iii) reviews published data for interventions that may prevent or alleviate oncologists' burnout on an organisational and/or individual level.
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Soltan MR, Al-Hassanin SA, Soliman SS, Gohar SF. Workplace-related stress among oncologists: Egyptian single-centered observational study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The oncologists are facing more challenges than ever before in their work with cancer patients. The aim of the study is to assess the level of work-related stress among oncology clinicians and to compare it with non-oncologists. Thirty oncologists working at clinical oncology department at Menoufia University hospitals, Egypt, were compared to an equal number of non-oncologists matched for the same gender and work duration. After consent, all the participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect background information and the workplace stress scale (WSS) was used to ascertain their stress level.
Results
The percentage distribution of different grades of WSS among the two groups did not show any significant difference (P = 0.84). Gender had no significant association to the mean score of WSS (P > 0.05). All the juniors (residents) in this study with work duration ≤ 3 years had significantly higher levels of WSS than seniors (> 3 years), P < 0.001. Among oncologists or non-oncologists, juniors showed significantly higher levels of WSS than seniors (P = 0.003 and < 0.001 respectively). However, junior oncologists had no significant difference than junior non-oncologists and seniors in both groups did not show any significant difference regarding the mean score of WSS.
Conclusion
All the workers within the two groups had experienced work-related stress. However, there was no statistically significant difference among them regarding the different grades of work place stress scale.
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Schlegel P, Kist AM, Semmler M, Döllinger M, Kunduk M, Dürr S, Schützenberger A. Determination of Clinical Parameters Sensitive to Functional Voice Disorders Applying Boosted Decision Stumps. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2020; 8:2100511. [PMID: 32518739 PMCID: PMC7274815 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2020.2985026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various voice assessment tools, such as questionnaires and aerodynamic voice characteristics, can be used to assess vocal function of individuals. However, not much is known about the best combinations of these parameters in identification of functional dysphonia in clinical settings. METHODS This study investigated six scores from clinically commonly used questionnaires and seven acoustic parameters. 514 females and 277 males were analyzed. The subjects were divided into three groups: one healthy group (N01) (49 females, 50 males) and two disordered groups with perceptually hoarse (FD23) (220 females, 96 males) and perceptually not hoarse (FD01) (245 females, 131 males) sounding voices. A tree stumps Adaboost approach was applied to find the subset of parameters that best separates the groups. Subsequently, it was determined if this parameter subset reflects treatment outcome for 120 female and 51 male patients by pairwise pre- and post-treatment comparisons of parameters. RESULTS The questionnaire "Voice-related-quality-of-Life" and three objective parameters ("maximum fundamental frequency", "maximum Intensity" and "Jitter Percent") were sufficient to separate the groups (accuracy ranging from 0.690 (FD01 vs. FD23, females) to 0.961 (N01 vs. FD23, females)). Our study suggests that a reduced parameter subset (4 out of 13) is sufficient to separate these three groups. All parameters reflected treatment outcome for patients with hoarse voices, Voice-related-quality-of-Life showed improvement for the not hoarse group (FD01). CONCLUSION Results show that single parameters are insufficient to separate voice disorders but a set of several well-chosen parameters is. These findings will help to optimize and reduce clinical assessment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schlegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Phoniatrics and Pediatric AudiologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas M. Kist
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Phoniatrics and Pediatric AudiologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Marion Semmler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Phoniatrics and Pediatric AudiologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Döllinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Phoniatrics and Pediatric AudiologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Melda Kunduk
- Department of Communication Sciences and DisordersLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Stephan Dürr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Phoniatrics and Pediatric AudiologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Anne Schützenberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryDivision of Phoniatrics and Pediatric AudiologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
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Rabanipour N, Roohafza H, Feizi A, Sarrafzadegan N. Demographic, Life Style and Job-Related Determinants of Quality of Life of Industrial Manufacturing Employees: An Application of Multilevel Latent Class Regression on a Large Cross-Sectional Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2019; 29:847-858. [PMID: 30700952 PMCID: PMC6341431 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v29i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Employees are one of the key elements of an organization and measure the quality of life (QoL) provides reliable assessment of health and wellbeing in this population. This study aimed at investigating the QoL in a large sample of Iranian industrial manufacturing employees and its determinants. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted was in 2015, 3063 people were selected among 16000 Esfahan Seal Company's employees using multistage cluster sampling. QoL was evaluated by EQ-5D questionnaire, mental health by GHQ-12, physical activity by IPAQ, job stress by Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire. Self-report questionnaire was used for gathering demographic characteristics. Multilevel latent class regression analysis was used for data analysis using R (3.4.3). Results The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 36.74 (7.31), and 91.5% of them were males. The mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.11 (1.17), and 95.4% of the participants had normal mental health. Latent class analysis classified employees into two classes (high (82.4%) and low QoL (17.6%)). Also employees' job categories classified into high and low QoL classes (79.55% and 20.45%, respectively). Latent class regression showed that lower age (OR=0.93; P< 0.0001), being male (OR=1.75; p=0.009), lower levels of education (OR=2.1; P< 0.0001), normal mental health (OR=12.4; P< 0.0001), higher sleep duration (OR=1.2; P< 0.0001) and lower BMI (OR=0.96; P=0.016) were significant predictors of being in high QoL class. Conclusion Our study provides data about the QoL of industrial manufacturing employees along with its significant determinants. The findings picture the ways for improving QoL, finally increasing the efficiency and productivity of workforce by directing health policies appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Rabanipour
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahn Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Granek L, Krzyzanowska MK, Nakash O, Cohen M, Ariad S, Barbera L, Levy R, Ben-David M. Gender differences in the effect of grief reactions and burnout on emotional distress among clinical oncologists. Cancer 2016; 122:3705-3714. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leeat Granek
- Department of Public Health; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Monika K. Krzyzanowska
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ora Nakash
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, (IDC) Herzliya, Israel
| | - Michal Cohen
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, (IDC) Herzliya, Israel
| | - Samuel Ariad
- Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Lisa Barbera
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Rotem Levy
- Medical School; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Merav Ben-David
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Sheba Medical Center; Ramat-Gan Tel-Aviv Israel
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