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Du L, Chen L, Liu F, Wang W, Huang H. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disease: New development and strategies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:255-297. [PMID: 37783558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always been a challenging task due to the restrictive properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal delivery is therefore emerging as an efficient method of administration, making it easy to self-administration and thus provides a non-invasive and painless alternative to oral and parenteral administration for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, drug formulations have been developed to further enhance this nose-to-brain transport, primarily using nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the purposes of this review are to highlight and describe the anatomical basis of nasal-brain pathway and provide an overview of drug formulations and current drugs for intranasal administration in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- Biotherapeutic Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China,.
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Institute of Neurorestoratology, Third Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, P.R. China.
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2
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Truong AD, Tran HTT, Chu NT, Nguyen HT, Vu TH, Hong Y, Song KD, Dang HV, Hong YH. Genome‑wide identification, organization, and expression profiles of the chicken fibroblast growth factor genes in public databases and Vietnamese indigenous Ri chickens against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:570-583. [PMID: 36397707 PMCID: PMC9996274 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play critical roles in embryo development, and immune responses to infectious diseases. In this study, to investigate the roles of FGFs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of FGF family members in chickens. METHODS Chicken FGFs genes were identified and analyzed by using bioinformatics approach. Expression profiles and Hierarchical cluster analysis of the FGFs genes in different chicken tissues were obtained from the genome-wide RNA-seq. RESULTS A total of 20 FGF genes were identified in the chicken genome, which were classified into seven distinct groups (A-F) in the phylogenetic tree. Gene structure analysis revealed that members of the same clade had the same or similar exon-intron structure. Chromosome mapping suggested that FGF genes were widely dispersed across the chicken genome and were located on chromosomes 1, 4-6, 9-10, 13, 15, 28, and Z. In addition, the interactions among FGF proteins and between FGFs and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins are limited, indicating that the remaining functions of FGF proteins should be further investigated in chickens. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis showed that FGF gene interacts with MAPK genes and are involved in stimulating signaling pathway and regulating immune responses. Furthermore, this study identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in 21 different growth stages during early chicken embryo development. RNA-sequencing data identified the DEG of FGFs on 1- and 3-days post infection in two indigenous Ri chicken lines infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAIV). Finally, all the genes examined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA-Seq analyses showed similar responses to HPAIV infection in indigenous Ri chicken lines (R2 = 0.92- 0.95, p<0.01). CONCLUSION This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of FGFs in chickens, including the regulation of MAPK signaling pathways and the immune response of chickens to HPAIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Thi Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center and Department of Animal Biotechnology, JeonBuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hoang Vu Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Proteinopathies: Deciphering Physiology and Mechanisms to Develop Effective Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7513-7540. [PMID: 36205914 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a cluster of diseases marked by progressive neuronal loss, axonal transport blockage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aggregation of misfolded proteins. NDs are more prevalent beyond the age of 50, and their symptoms often include motor and cognitive impairment. Even though various proteins are involved in different NDs, the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation are very similar. Recently, several studies have discovered that, like prions, these misfolded proteins have the inherent capability of translocation from one neuron to another, thus having far-reaching implications for understanding the processes involved in the onset and progression of NDs, as well as the development of innovative therapy and diagnostic options. These misfolded proteins can also influence the transcription of other proteins and form aggregates, tangles, plaques, and inclusion bodies, which then accumulate in the CNS, leading to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. This review demonstrates protein misfolding and aggregation in NDs, and similarities and differences between different protein aggregates have been discussed. Furthermore, we have also reviewed the disposal of protein aggregates, the various molecular machinery involved in the process, their regulation, and how these molecular mechanisms are targeted to build innovative therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. In addition, the landscape of various therapeutic interventions for targeting protein aggregation for the effective prevention or treatment of NDs has also been discussed.
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Zha S, Wong K, All AH. Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102610. [PMID: 35166052 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of nanomaterials containing therapeutic agents and various cargos for treating neurological disorders is often constrained by low delivery efficacy due to difficulties in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) administered intranasally can move along olfactory and trigeminal nerves so that they do not need to pass through the BBB, allowing non-invasive, direct access to selective neural pathways within the brain. Hence, intranasal (IN) administration of NPs can effectively deliver drugs and genes into targeted regions of the brain, holding potential for efficacious disease treatment in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, current methods for delivering conjugated NPs to the brain are primarily discussed. Distinctive potential mechanisms of therapeutic nanocomposites delivered via IN pathways to the brain are then discussed. Recent progress in developing functional NPs for applications in multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics is also reviewed. This review is then concluded by discussing existing challenges, new directions, and future perspectives in IN delivery of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Angelo H. All
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
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Application of neurotoxin- and pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease in the evaluation of new drug delivery systems. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:35-58. [PMID: 36651528 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neuro-degenerative disease after Alzheimer´s disease. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, due to the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and a decrease in the dopa-mine contents of the caudate-putamen structures. To this date, there is no cure for the disease and available treatments are aimed at controlling the symptoms. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new treatments for PD. In the past decades, animal models of PD have been proven to be valuable tools in elucidating the nature of the pathogenic processes involved in the disease, and in designing new pharmacological approaches. Here, we review the use of neurotoxin-induced and pesticide-induced animal models of PD, specifically those induced by rotenone, paraquat, maneb, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine), and their application in the development of new drug delivery systems for PD.
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7
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Zhu W, Zhang H, Gao J, Xu Y. Silencing of miR-497-5p inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes autophagy in Parkinson's disease by upregulation of FGF2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2302-2312. [PMID: 34459097 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with increasing prevalence in elderly individuals globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to participate in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. MiR-497-5p is previously reported to be upregulated in PD. The present study was designed to further explore the function of miR-497-5p in PD. MiR-497-5p was significantly upregulated in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibition of miR-497-5p suppressed the cell apoptosis and triggered autophagy of MPP+ -treated SH-SY5Y cells. Further, miR-497-5p targeted fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) in MPP+ -treated SH-SY5Y cells. Subsequently, rescue assays revealed that miR-497-5p regulated apoptosis and autophagy of MPP+ -treated SH-SY5Y cells by mediation on FGF2. In addition, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced PD mice models were established. The results exhibited that silencing of miR-497-5p improved mice bradykinesia, reduced cell apoptosis and induced autophagy in PD mice by FGF2. In conclusion, silencing of miR-497-5p alleviates PD by suppressing cell apoptosis and promoting autophagy in a FGF2 dependent manner, which will provide a novel target for Parkinson's disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. FGF, Mechanism of Action, Role in Parkinson's Disease, and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675725. [PMID: 34234672 PMCID: PMC8255968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with severe disability and adverse effects on life quality. In PD, motor dysfunction can occur, such as quiescence, muscle stiffness, and postural instability. PD is also associated with autonomic nervous dysfunction, sleep disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and other non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compact (SNPC), Lewy body, and neuroinflammation are the main pathological features of PD. The death or dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra leads to dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia and motor dysfunction. The formation of the Lewy body is associated with the misfolding of α-synuclein, which becomes insoluble and abnormally aggregated. Astrocytes and microglia mainly cause neuroinflammation, and the activation of a variety of pro-inflammatory transcription factors and regulatory proteins leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. At present, PD is mainly treated with drugs that increase dopamine concentration or directly stimulate dopamine receptors. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a family of cellular signaling proteins strongly associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. FGF and its receptor (FGFR) play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system as well as in neuroinflammation and have been shown to improve the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons. This paper summarized the mechanism of FGF and its receptors in the pathological process of PD and related signaling pathways, involving the development and protection of dopaminergic neurons in SNPC, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. It provides a reference for developing drugs to slow down or prevent the potential of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Xue J, Zhang L, Xie X, Gao Y, Jiang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao R, Yu J, Xiao H. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure contributes to Tau pathology: Potential roles of CDK5/GSK3β/PP2A axis in BPA-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2020; 438:152442. [PMID: 32278051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA exposure especially occupational perinatal exposure to has been linked to numerous adverse effects for the offspring. Available data have shown that perinatal exposure to BPA contributes to neurodegenerative pathological changes; however, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study attempted to investigate the long-term consequences of perinatal exposure to BPA on the offspring mouse brain. The pregnant mice were given either a vehicle control or BPA (2, 10, 100 μg/kg/d) from day 6 of gestation until weaning (P6-PND21, foetal and neonatal exposure). At 3, 6 and 9 months of age, the neurotoxic effects in the offspring in each group were investigated. We found that the spine density but not the dendritic branches in the hippocampus were noticeably reduced at 6 and 9 months of age. Meanwhile, p-Tau, the characteristic protein for tauopathy, was dramatically increased in both the hippocampus and cortex at 3-9 months of age. Mechanically, the balance of kinase and protein phosphatase, which plays critical roles in p-Tau regulation, was disturbed. It indicated that GSK3β and CDK5, two critical kinases, were activated in most of the BPA perinatal exposure group, while protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), one of the important phosphatases, regulated p-Tau expression through its demethylation, methylation and phosphorylation. Taken together, the present study may be translatable to the human occupational BPA exposure due to a similar exposure level. BPA perinatal exposure causes long-term adverse effects on the mouse brain and may be a risk factor for tauopathies, and the CDK5/GSK3β/PP2A axis might be a promising therapeutic target for BPA-induced neurodegenerative pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xuexue Xie
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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Li Y, Yu F, Liu Y, Liang Q, Huang Y, Xiang Q, Zhang Q, Su Z, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Sulfonated chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates the inhibitory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontol 2020; 91:975-985. [PMID: 31573683 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an essential role in periodontal tissue repair. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been used in the clinical treatment of periodontal disease. However, studies have shown that bFGF inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, which is not conducive to alveolar bone repair. Sulfonated chitosan oligosaccharide (SCOS), a heparan-like compound, can maintain the conformation of bFGF and promote its proliferation activity. This study investigated the effects of bFGF in combination with SCOS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated from healthy human periodontal ligament and identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The affinity between SCOS and bFGF was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. Changes in osteogenic differentiation by combination of bFGF with SCOS were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase activity assay, Sirius Red staining, and Alizarin Red staining. Expression of genes and proteins was investigated by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. RESULTS Extracted hPDLSCs were mesenchymal stem cells with pluripotent differentiation potential. SCOS exhibited an affinity for bFGF. bFGF (20 ng/mL) promoted the proliferation of hPDLSCs, but inhibited their osteogenic differentiation. SCOS alleviated the inhibitory effect of bFGF on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS SCOS can reduce the inhibitory effect of bFGF on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. This study provides evidence for the clinical use of bFGF to repair periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yueping Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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11
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McCauliff LA, Langan A, Li R, Ilnytska O, Bose D, Waghalter M, Lai K, Kahn PC, Storch J. Intracellular cholesterol trafficking is dependent upon NPC2 interaction with lysobisphosphatidic acid. eLife 2019; 8:50832. [PMID: 31580258 PMCID: PMC6855803 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unesterified cholesterol accumulation in the late endosomal/lysosomal (LE/LY) compartment is the cellular hallmark of Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease, caused by defects in the genes encoding NPC1 or NPC2. We previously reported the dramatic stimulation of NPC2 cholesterol transport rates to and from model membranes by the LE/LY phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA). It had been previously shown that enrichment of NPC1-deficient cells with LBPA results in cholesterol clearance. Here we demonstrate that LBPA enrichment in human NPC2-deficient cells, either directly or via its biosynthetic precursor phosphtidylglycerol (PG), is entirely ineffective, indicating an obligate functional interaction between NPC2 and LBPA in cholesterol trafficking. We further demonstrate that NPC2 interacts directly with LBPA and identify the NPC2 hydrophobic knob domain as the site of interaction. Together these studies reveal a heretofore unknown step of intracellular cholesterol trafficking which is critically dependent upon the interaction of LBPA with functional NPC2 protein. Cholesterol is a type of fat that is essential for many processes in the body, such as repairing damaged cells and producing certain hormones. Normally, cholesterol enters cells from the bloodstream and is then moved to the parts of the cell that need it via a process known as ‘trafficking’. When cholesterol trafficking goes wrong, abnormally large amounts of cholesterol and other fats accumulate within the cell. Over time, these fatty deposits become toxic to cells and eventually damage the affected tissues. Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a severe genetic disorder affecting cholesterol trafficking. It is characterized by cholesterol build-up in multiple tissues, including the brain, which ultimately causes degeneration and death of nerve cells. Two proteins, NPC1 and NPC2, are involved in NPC disease. Both proteins normally help move cholesterol out of important trafficking compartments (known as the endosomal and lysosomal compartments) to other areas of the cell where it is needed. Patients with the disease can have mutations in either the gene for NPC1 or the gene for NPC2. This means that cells from NPC1 patients do not make enough functional NPC1 protein (but contain working NPC2), and vice versa. Previous studies had shown that giving cells with NPC1 mutations large amounts of the small molecule lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA for short) could compensate for the loss of NPC1, and stop the toxic build-up of cholesterol. McCauliff, Langan, Li et al. therefore wanted to explore exactly how LBPA was doing this. They had shown that LBPA dramatically increased the ability of purified NPC2 protein to transport cholesterol, and wondered if the effect of LBPA in the cells without NPC1 depended on NPC2. They predicted that boosting LBPA levels would not work in cells lacking NPC2. Biochemical experiments using purified protein showed that LBPA and NPC2 did indeed interact directly with each other. Systematically changing different building blocks of NPC2 revealed that a single region of the protein is sensitive to LBPA, and when this region was altered, LBPA could no longer interact with NPC2. Since LBPA is naturally produced by cells, they then stimulated cells grown in the laboratory to generate more LBPA using its precursor phosphatidylglycerol. They used cells from patients with mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2 and demonstrated that LBPA’s ability to reverse the accumulation of cholesterol was dependent on its interaction with NPC2. Thus, increasing LBPA levels in cells from patients with NPC1 mutations was beneficial, but had no effect on cells from patients with NPC2 mutations. These results shed new light not only on how cells transport cholesterol, but also on potential methods to combat disorders of cellular cholesterol trafficking. In the future, LBPA could be developed as a genetically tailored, patient-specific therapy for diseases like NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A McCauliff
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Annette Langan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Olga Ilnytska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Debosreeta Bose
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Miriam Waghalter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Kimberly Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Peter C Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
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12
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Shimada T, Shindo A, Matsuyama H, Yata K, Niwa A, Sasaki R, Ayaki T, Maki T, Wakita H, Tomimoto H. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion upregulates leptin receptor expression in astrocytes and tau phosphorylation in tau transgenic mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:133-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Melková K, Zapletal V, Narasimhan S, Jansen S, Hritz J, Škrabana R, Zweckstetter M, Ringkjøbing Jensen M, Blackledge M, Žídek L. Structure and Functions of Microtubule Associated Proteins Tau and MAP2c: Similarities and Differences. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030105. [PMID: 30884818 PMCID: PMC6468450 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability and dynamics of cytoskeleton in brain nerve cells are regulated by microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), tau and MAP2. Both proteins are intrinsically disordered and involved in multiple molecular interactions important for normal physiology and pathology of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy recently revealed propensities of MAPs to form transient local structures and long-range contacts in the free state, and conformations adopted in complexes with microtubules and filamentous actin, as well as in pathological aggregates. In this paper, we compare the longest, 441-residue brain isoform of tau (tau40), and a 467-residue isoform of MAP2, known as MAP2c. For both molecules, we present transient structural motifs revealed by conformational analysis of experimental data obtained for free soluble forms of the proteins. We show that many of the short sequence motifs that exhibit transient structural features are linked to functional properties, manifested by specific interactions. The transient structural motifs can be therefore classified as molecular recognition elements of tau40 and MAP2c. Their interactions are further regulated by post-translational modifications, in particular phosphorylation. The structure-function analysis also explains differences between biological activities of tau40 and MAP2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Melková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Zapletal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Subhash Narasimhan
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Séverine Jansen
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Hritz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rostislav Škrabana
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Axon Neuroscience R&D Services SE, Dvořákovo nábrežie 10, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Lukáš Žídek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Meng T, Cao Q, Lei P, Bush AI, Xiang Q, Su Z, He X, Rogers JT, Chiu IM, Zhang Q, Huang Y. Tat-haFGF 14-154 Upregulates ADAM10 to Attenuate the Alzheimer Phenotype of APP/PS1 Mice through the PI3K-CREB-IRE1α/XBP1 Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624220 PMCID: PMC5443968 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has shown neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models in previous studies, yet its mechanism is still uncertain. Here we report that the efficacy of Tat-haFGF14–154 is markedly increased when loaded cationic liposomes for intranasal delivery are intranasally administered to APP/PS1 mice. Our results demonstrated that liposomal Tat-haFGF14–154 treatment significantly ameliorated behavioral deficits, relieved brain Aβ burden, and increased the expression and activity of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) in the brain. Tat-haFGF14–154 antagonized Aβ1–42-induced cell death and structural damage in rat primary neurons in an ADAM10-dependent manner, which, in turn, was promoted by the activation of XBP1 splicing and modulated by the PI3K-CREB pathway. Both knockdown of ADAM10 and inhibition of PI3K (LY294002) negated Tat-haFGF14–154 rescue. Thus, Tat-haFGF14–154 activates the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) against the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by Aβ, and, subsequently, the nuclear translocation of spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) promotes transcription of ADAM10. These results highlight the important role of ADAM10 and its activation through the PI3K-CREB-IRE1α/XBP1 pathway as a key factor in the mechanism of neuroprotection for Tat-haFGF14–154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qin Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qi Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cell Biology Department and National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cell Biology Department and National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cell Biology Department and National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yadong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cell Biology Department and National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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