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Li Z, Wang B, Bai D, Zhang L. Brazil nut ( Bertholletia excelsa) and metformin abrogate cardiac complication in fructose/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats by attenuating oxidative stress and modulating the MAPK-mTOR/NFkB/IL-10 signaling pathways. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10749. [PMID: 39239455 PMCID: PMC11375446 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The global prevalence of diabetic heart complication has been on the increase, and some of the drugs that are currently used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been able to mitigate this complication. Objective This study determines the effect of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and metformin on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in fructose/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats and also characterizes using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infrared the bioactive compounds in 50% aqueous ethanol extract of Brazil nut. Design After inducing type 2 DM, 30 male albino Wistar rats were separated into five groups that comprised of six rats per group, and they were treated as follows: groups 1 (Control) and 2 (Diabetic control) rats received rat pellets and distilled water; group 3 (Diabetic + Brazil nut) received rat pellets and Brazil nut extract (100 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in distilled water, group 4 (Diabetic + metformin) received metformin (100 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in distilled water, while group 5 (Diabetic + Brazil nut + metformin) received oral administrations of Brazil nut (100 mg/kg) and metformin (100 mg/kg) dissolved in distilled water. This study lasted for 6 weeks. The dose of Brazil nut used was selected from our pilot study on the minimum therapeutic dose of different concentrations of Brazil nut extract. Results STZ administration induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, loss of weight, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, alteration of mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, heart function markers (creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate amino transaminase), and heart histology of the diabetic control, which was ameliorated after treatment with Brazil nut and metformin, but their combined treatment was better than the single treatments. Conclusion This study shows that Brazil nut contains several bioactive compounds that support its biological properties as well as its candidature as a complementary therapy to metformin in mitigating cardiac complications arising from DM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Baolan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Dongfang Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Hamadjida A, Mbomo REA, Minko SE, Ntchapda F, Kilekoung Mingoas JP, Nnanga N. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Boswellia dalzielii and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100278. [PMID: 38455229 PMCID: PMC10918424 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading worldwide public health problems. It is characterized by hyperglycemia which induces oxidative stress and inflammation, both involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We previously showed that Boswellia dalzielii (BD) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extracts reduced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of both plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Two sets of experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, b. w.). Then, diabetic rats were daily administered with either BD (1st set of experiments) or HS (2nd set of experiments) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg orally for 21 consecutive days. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was also administered as a reference drug. At the end of the study, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from each animal. Then, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in the serum were determined. We found that treatment with BD and HS significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These extracts also significantly decreased the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). From the results obtained, it can therefore be concluded that BD and HS have the potential to being developed as natural sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that can be used for the prevention or treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjia Hamadjida
- Department of Life Science, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
- Pharmacological Research Laboratory of Medicinal Plants, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
| | | | - Stéphane Essono Minko
- Department of Life Science, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, Bertoua, Cameroon
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Fidèle Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Nga Nnanga
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Zhao J, Hussain SA, Maddu N. Combined administration of gallic acid and glibenclamide mitigate systemic complication and histological changes in the cornea of diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e390124. [PMID: 38324798 PMCID: PMC10852537 DOI: 10.1590/acb390124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of gallic acid or its combination with glibenclamide on some biochemical markers and histology of the cornea of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. METHODS Following induction of diabetes, 24 male albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Groups 1 and 2 (control and diabetic) received rat pellets and distilled water; group 3 (gallic acid) received rat pellets and gallic acid (10 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in the distilled water; and group 4 (gallic acid + glibenclamide) received rat pellets, gallic acid (10 mg/kg, orally), and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in the distilled water. The treatments were administered for three months after which the rats were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Blood and sera were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters, while their eyes were excised for histology. RESULTS STZ administration to the rats induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, microprotenuria, loss of weight, oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration of their cornea histology, which was abolished following supplementation with gallic acid or its combination with glibenclamide. CONCLUSIONS The study showed the potentials of gallic acid and glibenclamide in mitigating systemic complication and histological changes in the cornea of diabetic rats induced with STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Sanmenxia Central Hospital – Department of Ophthalmology – Sanmenxia – China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- King Saud University – College of Science – Department of Zoology – Riyadh – Saudi Arabia
| | - Narendra Maddu
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University – Department of Biochemistry – Anantapur – India
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Yoopum S, Wongmanee N, Rojanaverawong W, Rattanapunya S, Sumsakul W, Hanchang W. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernel extract suppresses hyperglycemia by modulating pancreatic β cell apoptosis and dysfunction and hepatic glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123286-123308. [PMID: 37981611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic action of mango seed kernel extract (MKE) and various mechanisms involved in its actions to improve pancreatic β cells and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats. An intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 30 consecutive days of treatment with MKE (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) was used to establish a study group of diabetic rats. Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for identification, 26 chemical compounds were found in MKE and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the MKE also revealed the existence of mangiferin, gallic acid, and quercetin. The results confirmed that in each diabetes-affected rat, MKE mitigated the heightened levels of fasting blood glucose, diabetic symptoms, glucose intolerance, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). As demonstrated by a remarkable increment in serum and pancreatic insulin, the diabetic pancreatic β cell function was potentiated by treating with MKE. The effect of MKE on diabetic pancreatic apoptosis clearly reduced the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, which was related to diminished levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Bax and an increase in Bcl-xL protein expression. Furthermore, diabetes-induced liver damage was clearly ameliorated along with a notable reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and abnormal liver histology. By enhancing anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, MKE alleviated diabetes-induced pancreatic and liver oxidative damage, as demonstrated by diminished levels of malondialdehyde. In minimizing the expression levels of glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 proteins in the diabetic liver, MKE also enhanced glycogen content and hexokinase activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that by suppressing oxidative and inflammatory processes, MKE exerts a potent anti-hyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats which serve to protect pancreatic β cell apoptosis, enhance their function, and improve hepatic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiwat Yoopum
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Navinee Wongmanee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Worarat Rojanaverawong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Siwalee Rattanapunya
- Public Health Department, Science and Technology Faculty, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
| | - Wiriyaporn Sumsakul
- Expert Centre of Innovative Herbal Products, Institute of Scientific and Technology Research, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanthanee Hanchang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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Alanazi AZ, Al-Rejaie SS, Ahmed MM, Alhazzani K, Alhosaini K, As Sobeai HM, Alsanea S, Alam P, Almarfadi OM, Alqahtani AS, Alhamed AS, Alqinyah M, Alhamami HN, Almutery MF, Mohany M. Protective role of Dodonaea viscosa extract against streptozotocin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101669. [PMID: 37576853 PMCID: PMC10415224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations have shown that D. viscosa herbal extract is often used to treat a variety of diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate any additional potential impacts on rat liver and kidney damage induced by diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg/day) was given as a single dosage to cause type 1 diabetes. After then, diabetic rats received oral doses of D. viscosa for four weeks at 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. Blood, liver, and kidney tissues were collected at the end of the treatment and examined. Analysis was made of the serum lipid profile, liver, and kidney functions, as well as blood biochemistry. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated in serum. In liver and kidney samples, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reeducates (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Histological changes in liver and kidney cross-sections were also observed. Our findings demonstrated that D. viscosa dramatically decreased pro-inflammatory indicators in blood, kidney, and liver tissues as well as blood glucose, and restored insulin levels, and lipid profiles. Additionally, it significantly raises the antioxidant enzyme activity SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST, while significantly lowering TBARs levels. The above-mentioned biochemical changes that took place in tissues were further supported by histological alterations. These findings imply that D. viscosa protects against STZ-induced hyperglycemia, aberrant lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress and that these benefits may be mediated by interacting with various targets to increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidneys. Its mode of action and safety for use as medicine against various metabolic problems caused by diabetes require more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M. As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer M. Almarfadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain N. Alhamami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Almutery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud, University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
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Khan M, Shah MA, Kamal M, Ola MS, Ali M, Panichayupakaranant P. Comparative Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Lawsone Methyl Ether and Lawsone in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:863. [PMID: 37512570 PMCID: PMC10386053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study uncovered potent inhibitory effects of two naphthoquinones from Impatiens balsamina, namely lawsone methyl ether (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, LME) and lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), against α-glucosidase. This gave us the insight to compare the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of LME and lawsone in high-fat/high-fructose-diet- and nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 28 days. LME and lawsone at the doses of 15, 30, and 45 mg/kg, respectively, produced a substantial and dose-dependent reduction in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and food/water intake while boosting the insulin levels and body weights of diabetic rats. Additionally, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats were significantly normalized by LME and lawsone, without affecting the normal rats. LME at a dose of 45 mg/kg exhibited the most potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, which were significantly comparable to glibenclamide but higher than those of lawsone. Furthermore, the toxicity evaluation indicated that both naphthoquinones were entirely safe for use in rodent models at doses ≤ 50 mg/kg. Therefore, the remarkable antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of LME make it a promising option for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | | | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Senior Scientist Toxicology Invivotek Nexus, a Genesis Biotech Group LLC Company, 17 Black Forest RD, Hamilton, NJ 08690, USA
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
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Moke EG, Omogbai EKI, Osagie-Eweka SE, Uchendu AP, Obayuwana OM, Okoro-Akpandu E, Ben-Azu B. Antihypertensive and antihyperglycemic effects of combinations of losartan with metformin and/or glibenclamide in desoxycorticosterone acetate and streptozotocin-induced hypertensive diabetic rats. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:7. [PMID: 37055870 PMCID: PMC10103437 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a medical condition that often comorbidly exist in patients with type II diabetes. Therefore, it is very important to manage both conditions simultaneously to mitigate the complications and mortality connected with this comorbidity. Hence, this study investigated the antihypertensive and antihyperglycemic effects of combinations of losartan (LOS) with metformin (MET) and/or glibenclamide (GLB) in hypertensive diabetic rats. Hypertensive diabetic state was induced with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and streptozotocin (STZ) in adult Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 5): control group (group 1), hypertensive diabetic (HD) control (group 2), treatment groups receiving LOS + MET (group 3), LOS + GLB (group 4), and LOS + MET + GLB (group 5). Group 1 comprised healthy rats while groups 2-5 were HD rats. The rats were treated orally once daily for 8 weeks. Fasted blood glucose (FBS) level, haemodynamic parameters, and some biochemical indices were thereafter assessed. RESULTS FBS level and blood pressure measurements were significantly (P < 0.05) increased following induction by DOCA/STZ. The drug treatment combinations, particularly combination of LOS + MET + GLB, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the induced hyperglycemia and remarkably decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate. There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in raised lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase levels by all drug treatment combinations except LOS + GLB. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that LOS combinations with MET and/or GLB exhibited significant antidiabetic and antihypertensive effects against DOCA/STZ-induced hypertensive diabetic state in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emuesiri Goodies Moke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Eric Kelly Inanemo Omogbai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | - Adaeze Phina Uchendu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Odion Martha Obayuwana
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Okoro-Akpandu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
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Atia T, Sakr HI, Damanhory AA, Moawad K, Alsawy M. The protective effect of green tea on diabetes-induced hepato-renal pathological changes: a histological and biochemical study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:168-179. [PMID: 32816576 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1806885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of green tea on diabetic hepato-renal complications. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: normal control, diabetic control, glibenclamide-treated, green tea-treated, and combined therapy-treated groups; ethical approval number "BERC-014-01-20." After eight weeks, animals were sacrificed by CO2 euthanasia method, liver and kidney tissues were processed and stained for pathological changes, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Diabetic rats showed multiple hepato-renal morphological and apoptotic changes associated with significantly increased some biochemical parameters, while serum albumin and HDL decreased significantly compared to normal control (p < .05). Monotherapy can induce significant improvements in pathological and biochemical changes but has not been able to achieve normal patterns. In conclusion, green tea alone has a poor hypoglycaemic effect but can reduce diabetic complications, whereas glibenclamide cannot prevent diabetic complications. The addition of green tea to oral hypoglycaemic therapy has shown a potent synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince, Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ahmed A Damanhory
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, KSA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Moawad
- School of Biological Science, UCI, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Moustfa Alsawy
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, KSA
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Shokri A, Pourheydar B, Hossein Farjah G, Krimipour M, Pourheydar M. Effects of glibenclamide and troxerutin on the sperm parameters and histopathological changes of testis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 21:123-138. [PMID: 37034291 PMCID: PMC10073866 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v21i2.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is a major contributor to diabetes mellitus (DM), which leads to testicular damage and infertility. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glibenclamide (GL) as a chemical medicine and troxerutin (TR) as an herbal agent on sperm parameters and histopathological changes of testis in diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods Forty male Wistar rats (230-260 gr) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8/each), including control, diabetic (D), GL, TR, and GL+TR. DM was induced by the administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The groups were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of GL or 150 mg/kg/day of TR via oral gavage for 4 wk. In the final stage of the treatment, blood sampling was done for biochemical analysis. The rats were then sacrificed and their left testis and epididymis were dissected for sperm analysis, histopathology, and morphometric assessment. Results A significant decrease in the number, motility, viability, maturity, and chromatin quality of sperm was found in diabetic rats compared to control group. (p < 0.001). DM also increased the malondialdehyde level and decreased the level of the serum's total antioxidant capacity compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed a significant difference in seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and testicular histological abnormalities in diabetic rats compared to control group (p < 0.001). Administration of GL, TR, and their combination improved the above-mentioned parameters, and treatment with TR provided a higher improvement (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to these findings, it can be concluded that TR plays a more influential role than GL to treat diabetic-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Shokri
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Farjah
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Krimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourheydar
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Wu M, Cai YL, Yang Y, Hu HM, Yao Y, Yang J, Deng JJ, Wan L. Vitamin D ameliorates insulin resistance-induced osteopenia by inactivating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13215. [PMID: 36816288 PMCID: PMC9929320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis (OP) can be considered a chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammation-related diseases, e.g., T2DM and OP. Vitamin D affects the inflammatory pathway and inhibits an excessive inflammatory response. The current study investigated the inter-relationship between vitamin D and inflammasome activation in T2DM. Method Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were treated with Conditioned Medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after VitD treatment (CM-VitD), as well as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) specific agonist, 740Y-P, or the PI3K specific inhibitor, LY294002, respectively, or both. 40 Eight-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were selected and established as a DM model. The rats were injected with CM-VitD, as well as the 740Y-P specific agonist, or the LY294002 inhibitor, respectively, or both. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were conducted to evaluate the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in the RUX2 gene, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OsteoPontiN (OPN), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), protein kinase B (AKT), PI3K, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the BMSCs and liver tissue of rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentration of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant and serum of rats. Results An isolated co-culture of HepG2/insulin-resistance cells and BMSCs promoted the adipogenic transformation of the latter and inhibited the transformation of BMSCs into osteogenesis. The PI3K specific agonist, 740Y-P, significantly increased the expression of PI3K, AKT, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 while the PI3K specific inhibitor, LY294002, does the opposite. Additionally, CM-VitD reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in BMSCs and rat liver via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion Vitamin D can inhibit the inflammatory response induced by T2DM and promote the osteogenesis of BMSCs, which may play a key role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with OP.
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Al Mouslem AK, Khalil HE, Emeka PM, Alotaibi G. Investigation of the Chemical Composition, Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidemic Effects of Bassia eriophora and Its Derived Constituent, Umbelliferone on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206941. [PMID: 36296534 PMCID: PMC9611308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the chemical profile, antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic effect of total methanolic extract (TME) of Bassia eriophora and isolated pure compound umbelliferone (UFN) in high-fat diet (HFD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. TME was subjected to various techniques of chromatography to yield UFN. Diabetes was induced after eight weeks of HFD by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and experimental subjects were divided into five groups. The diabetic control showed an increase in levels of blood glucose throughout the experiment. Treatments were initiated in the other four groups with glibenclamide (GLB) (6 mg/kg), TME (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and isolated UFN (50 mg/kg) orally. The effect on blood glucose, lipid profile and histology of the pancreatic and adipose tissues was assessed. Both 200 and 400 mg/kg of TME produced a comparably significant decrease in blood glucose levels and an increase in insulin levels with GLB. UFN began to show a better blood sugar-lowering effect after 14 days of treatment, comparatively. However, both 400 mg/kg TME and UFN significantly returned blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Analysis of the lipid profile showed that while HFD + STZ increased all lipid profile parameters, TME administration produced a significant decrease in their levels. Histopathological examinations showed that treatment with TME and UFN revealed an improved cellular architecture, with the healthy islets of Langerhans and compact glandular cells for pancreatic cells distinct from damaged cells in non-treated groups. Conversely, the adipose tissue displayed apparently normal polygonal fat cells. Therefore, these results suggest that TME has the potential to ameliorate hyperglycemia conditions and control lipid profiles in HFD + STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz K. Al Mouslem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Promise Madu Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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Atia T, Iqbal MZ, Fathy Ahmed H, Sakr HI, Abdelzaher MH, Morsi DF, Metawee ME. Vitamin D Supplementation Could Enhance the Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Treating Diabetes and Preventing Diabetic Nephropathy: A Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221116403. [PMID: 35942573 PMCID: PMC9393666 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an oxidative stress-related disease characterized by hyperglycemia and a variety of complications, including nephropathy. Vitamin D has variable functions extending beyond the calcium metabolism to prevent oxidative tissue damage. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin D supplements could enhance Glibenclamide's effectiveness in treating diabetes and minimize the risk of associated pathology. Wistar rats were divided into normal control (n = 10) and diabetic (n = 30), where animals received two low doses of Streptozotocin 30 mg/kg/BW intraperitoneally to develop diabetes. The diabetic rats were then randomly divided into three equal groups: untreated, treated with Glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), and treated with Glibenclamide and Vitamin D3 (500 IU/kg). After eight weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate biochemical, anti-oxidant, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and histological and immunohistochemical changes. Diabetic animals had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, and Malondialdehyde levels, whereas serum insulin, albumin, and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased compared to normal control (p < 0.01). Furthermore, some renal histological changes were observed together with significantly increased immunoreactivity of anti-p53, anti-TNF-α, and anti-IL-6 antibodies when compared to the normal control. All abnormal parameters improved significantly with Glibenclamide therapy (p < 0.01), but combination therapy with vitamin D produced a much better result. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation along with anti-diabetic medication can help prevent or reduce the severity of diabetic nephropathy due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi
Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
- Tarek Atia, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia;
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Hassan Fathy Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo
University, Egypt
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - M. H. Abdelzaher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Assiut, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in
AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deaa Fekri Morsi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University,
Cairo, Egypt
- Pathology lab., Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in
Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa E. Metawee
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
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Investigation of the Effects of L-carnitine and magnesium on Oxidative Stress and Cytokines in the Tissue of Experimental diabetic rats. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of L-carnitine and magnesium on the levels of tissue malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6) in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. Eighty male Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into 8 groups with 10 rats in each group. The groups received the following treatments: Control group; 2 ml distilled water (by gavage); Group 2: 50 mg/kg (b.w.) i.p. streptozotocin; Group 3: 125 mg/kg (b.w.) magnesium; Group 4: 300 mg/kg (b.w.) L-carnitine; Group 5: 125 mg/kg (b.w.) magnesium +300 mg/kg (b.w.) L-carnitine; Group 6: 50 mg/kg (b.w.) streptozotocin +125 mg/kg (b.w.) magnesium; Group 7: 50 mg/kg (b.w.) streptozotocin +300 mg/kg (b.w.) L-carnitine and Group 8: 50 mg/kg (b.w.) streptozotocin +125 mg/ kg (b.w.) magnesium+300 mg/kg (b.w.) L-carnitine administered for 4 weeks. Liver and kidney malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels did not change in the magnesium, L-carnitine, and magnesium + L-carnitine groups compared to the control. The highest levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 were determined only in the group with diabetes (Group 2). Lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and cytokine levels were significantly reduced in diabetic animals with the administration of magnesium and L-carnitine separately or in combination. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that magnesium and L-carnitine may have antidiabetic effects, especially in combination.
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Sari M, Ginting CN, Yulizal OK. Sunkist Peel Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney disorders in diabetic patients can gradually fall into end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) which can greatly interfere with the person's quality of life, in developed countries about 50% of patients with ESKD are caused by diabetes. On the other hand, various studies on citrus fruits have been performed to explore its pharmacological benefits.
Aim: this study was aimed to explore the benefits of Sunkist orange peel ethanol extract against diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats as animals’ trial.
Methods: This study was used 25 rats and was divided into five groups: viz. control, standard, Sunkist Peel Ethanol Extract-I, II, and III (500, 750, and 1500 mg/kg BW). After 28 days of intervention, BUN and Creatinine levels were measured in all rats. Meanwhile, data analysis used is parametric statistics in the form of One-Way ANOVA with alternative analysis in the form of the Kruskal Wallis test.
Results: This study showed that the Sunkist peels ethanol extract significantly decreased BUN (P-Value < 0.05) and creatinine (P-Value < 0.05) level. The highest dosage of extract did not show a significant difference in BUN level against standard group.
Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that the Sunkist peel ethanol extract has kidney protection effect against diabetic nephropathy at highest dosage (1500 mg/ kg BW).
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Gao D, Yu P, Jing S, Yan C, Ding D, Qiao Y, Wu G. miR-193a as a potential mediator of WT-1/synaptopodin in the renoprotective effect of losartan on diabetic kidney. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:26-34. [PMID: 34411489 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetic patients, and has become a global healthcare problem. In this study, we used diabetic mice to evaluate the effect of Losartan on diabetic nephropathy, in which the experimental animals were divided into three groups: non-diabetic mice (db/m group), untreated-diabetic mice (db/db group), and Losartan-treated diabetic mice (db/db-losartan). Next, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect WT-1 and synaptopodin expression, respectively. Protein levels of WT-1, synaptopodin, claudin1, and Pax-2 were assessed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The miR-193a mRNA levels were quantitated by real-time PCR. The results showed that albuminuria was increased in diabetic mice compared with control animals and was significantly ameliorated by treatment with Losartan. In addition, Losartan significantly upregulated the immunopositive cell numbers of WT-1, the expression of WT-1 and synaptopodin in renal tissue. By contrast, expression of claudin1 and Pax-2 in renal tissue were decreased in db/db-losartan group. Besides, expression of miR-193a was decreased significantly in db/db-losartan group compared to the untreated diabetic group. Thus, Losartan has renoprotective effects on the control of tissue damage possibly by inhibiting the expression of miR-193a, thereby promoting the repair of podocyte injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Pei Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Sanhui Jing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China.,Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Heze, China;
| | - Chengcheng Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Dandan Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Blood Purification Center, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Ge Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou, China;
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16
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Abdel-Rashid RS, Abd Allah FI, Hassan AA, Hashim FM. Design, optimization, and in-vivo hypoglycaemic effect of nanosized glibenclamide for inhalation delivery. J Liposome Res 2021; 31:291-303. [PMID: 32762273 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1806874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was the development and optimization of nanoniosomes for delivery of glibenclamide (Gbn) as hypoglycaemic agent to the lung in an inhaler dosage form. Fifteen formulae of niosomal dispersions were prepared according to Box-Behnken design. The effect of drug amount, Cholesterol molar ratio, and Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant on the mean vesicle size, Zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro released of Gbn were investigated. A quality control check was performed on an inhaler filled with the optimum nanoniosomal formula. The in-vivo hypoglycaemic effect of nanoniosomal inhalation was also evaluated. The vesicle size observed of the optimized formula was 172 ± 4.6 nm, PDI was 0.304 ± 0.06 and ZP was -49.9 ± 1.5 mv with 69 ± 9.3% in-vitro drug release after 2 h. The Cholesterol molar ratio and the HLB value showed a statistically significant effect on dependent variables. In-vivo results proved that nanoniosomes were efficiently delivered from the inhalation canister showing a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.4 micron. The inhaled nanoniosomal dispersion loaded with Gbn showed a decrease in blood glucose level of hyperglycaemic rats by 51.42 ± 5.2%± after 180 min which was nearly two folds compared to oral Gbn. Gibenclamide nanoniosomes inhaler could be suggested as a novel effective dosage form for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fathy I Abd Allah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Al-Azhar university, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Fahima M Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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AlSaad AMS, Alasmari F, Abuohashish HM, Mohany M, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. Renin angiotensin system blockage by losartan neutralize hypercholesterolemia-induced inflammatory and oxidative injuries. Redox Rep 2021; 25:51-58. [PMID: 32396454 PMCID: PMC7269056 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1763714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study explores the protective role of losartan (LT) against oxidative and inflammatory damages in different physiological systems including heart, liver, and kidney tissue in hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: After induction of hypercholesterolemia by high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks, LT was administered for 4 weeks. In serum, the levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, creatine kinases, urea, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers were measured. In cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues, lipid peroxidation product and GSH as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities were assayed. Finally, histopathological assessment evaluated the structural damage in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues. Results: Serum markers of cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicities including creatine kinases, aminotransferases, and urea were attenuated by LT in hypercholesterolemic animals. Moreover, LT markedly corrected the elevated levels of lipoproteins, apoptosis, and inflammatory biomarkers. Hypercholesterolemia-induced lipid peroxidation, low GSH levels, and diminished activities of antioxidant enzymes were prominently improved in LT treated animals. Histopathological alterations by hypercholesterolemia in heart, liver, and kidney tissues were ameliorated by LT. Conclusion: This study confirmed the pathological enrollment of renin–angiotensin system in hypercholesterolemia-associated metabolic alterations. LT had a significant cardiac, hepatic, and renal protective role against these impairments through down-regulation of oxidative damage, inflammation and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M S AlSaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dong LD, Ma YM, Xu J, Guo YZ, Yang L, Guo FY, Wang MX, Jing L, Zhang JZ. Effect of hyperglycemia on microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 2021; 279:119660. [PMID: 34052292 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has been shown to aggravate ischemic brain damage, in which the inflammatory reaction induced by hyperglycemia is involved in the worsening of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the role of microglial polarization in hyperglycemia-aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unknown. The present study investigated whether diabetic hyperglycemia inhibited or activated microglia, as well as microglial subtypes 1 and 2. Rats were used to establish the diabetic hyperglycemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The markers CD11b, CD16, CD32, CD86, CD206, and Arg1 were used to show M1 or M2 microglia. The results revealed increased neurological deficits, infarct volume, and neural apoptosis in rats with hyperglycemia subjected to MCAO for 30 min and reperfused at 1, 3, and 7 days compared with the normoglycemic rats. Microglia and astrocyte activation and proliferation were inhibited in hyperglycemic rats. Furthermore, M1 microglia polarization was promoted, while that of M2 microglia was inhibited in hyperglycemic rats. These findings suggested that the polarization of M1 and M2 microglia is activated and inhibited, respectively, in hyperglycemic rats and may be involved in the aggravated brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in diabetic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-di Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yan-Mei Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Feng-Ying Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Min-Xing Wang
- School of Clinical Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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Protective Role of Loranthus regularis against Liver Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5027986. [PMID: 33488745 PMCID: PMC7787746 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5027986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies revealed the potential therapeutic values of Loranthus regularis (L. regularis). This study evaluated Loranthus regularis (L. regularis) extract systemic antidiabetic effects and benefits against diabetic hepatocellular injuries through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways using the streptozotocin (STZ) model in Wistar albino rats. After diabetes induction, animals were orally treated with L. regularis extract for 4 weeks. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were estimated. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), caspase-3, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) were estimated in serum. In liver, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the proinflammatory cytokines and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reeducates (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were assayed. Finally, the degree of hepatic tissue damage was evaluated histologically. Treatment of the diabetic rats with L. regularis extract markedly reduced the elevated serum levels of glucose, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, caspase-3, NO, and PGE-2. L. regularis extract also improved serum levels of insulin and HDL. The elevated TBARS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in hepatic tissue of diabetic animals were reduced by L. regularis. Moreover, L. regularis extract significantly restored the diminished hepatic GSH level and enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST in diabetic animals. The biochemical protective effects of L. regularis were associated with improved histological hepatocellular integrity and architecture. Taken together, L. regularis has therapeutic effects against diabetic-induced hepatic complications. The restored liver functions and cellular damage might be mediated through free radicals scavenging and proinflammatory cytokine inhibition.
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Mohany M, Alanazi AZ, Alqahtani F, Belali OM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. LCZ696 mitigates diabetic-induced nephropathy through inhibiting oxidative stress, NF-κB mediated inflammation and glomerulosclerosis in rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9196. [PMID: 32596035 PMCID: PMC7307563 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most common microvascular complications of diabetes resulting in end-stage renal disease and therefore search for candidates which can ameliorate the kidney function is needed simultaneously with standard diabetic pharmacotherapy. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of long term sacubitril/valsartan therapy (LCZ696) in diabetic rats to assess its ameliorative impact against various pathological parameters such as oxidative stress, inflammation and glomerulosclerosis associated with chronic DN. Methods A single dose (60 mg/kg/day) of STZ was used to induce type 1 diabetes in adult male wistar rats. 2 weeks after diabetes induction, these rats were treated orally with valsartan (31 mg/kg) or LCZ696 (68 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. At end of the treatment period, serum and kidney samples were collected and analyzed. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were estimated. In renal tissue homogenate, the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB along with oxidative stress biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARs), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) were assessed. Histological changes were observed in kidney. Results Time course therapy withLCZ696 and valsartan in diabetic rats resulted in significant reduction of serum glucose, urea and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum of treated diabetic rats showed a diminution in inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and increment in anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines levels (P < 0.05). Tissue homogenate of the kidney extracted from LCZ696 and valsartan treated diabetic rats revealed a substantial reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB and sufficient restoration of anti-oxidant enzyme levels (P < 0.05). Finally, in the histological sections of the kidney, prevention of renal injury was observed with limited necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion Present data suggest that LCZ696 has sufficient therapeutic potential to restrict DN progression through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Belali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Hashem FM, Abd Allah FI, Abdel-Rashid RS, Hassan AAA. Glibenclamide nanosuspension inhaler: development, in vitro and in vivo assessment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:762-774. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1753062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahima M. Hashem
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathy I. Abd Allah
- International Center for Bioavailability, Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (ICBR), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar university, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abdelsabour A. A. Hassan
- International Center for Bioavailability, Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (ICBR), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar university, Cairo, Egypt
- Metered Dose Inhaler Department (MDI), Cairo, Egypt
- Arab Drug Company for pharmaceuticals and chemical industries (ADCO), Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Alqahtani F, Mohany M, Alasmari AF, Alanazi AZ, Belali OM, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. Angiotensin II receptor Neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) compared to Valsartan attenuates Hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:3098-3106. [PMID: 33173431 PMCID: PMC7646100 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Although diabetic-induced hepatotoxicity is less common, it can be included in the list of target organ pathologies associated with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) in modulating oxidative and inflammatory injuries and liver fibrosis in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats in comparison to valsartan alone. Materials and Methods: Following the induction of diabetes using a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), STZ-induced hyperglycemic animals were administered LCZ696 or valsartan for 6 weeks. Glucose, transaminases, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin - 6 (IL-6), were estimated using the obtained serum. Oxidative stress biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the liver homogenate. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nuclear factor - kappa β (NF-κB) levels were estimated in hepatic tissue. To assess the general histopathological changes, harvested liver tissue was treated with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome staining to detect fibrosis. Results: STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats demonstrated high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and significant elevation in hepatic transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, lipid peroxidation, and hepatic fibrosis, with impairment in antioxidant enzymes. In STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats, the administration of LCZ696 ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, improved liver functions, and boosted antioxidants enzymes. Furthermore, LCZ696 therapy attenuated oxidation, inflammation, progression of liver injury, and hepatic fibrosis. LCZ696 was superior to valsartan in reducing AST, hepatic fibrosis, tissue IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB. In addition, compared with the valsartan group, LCZ696 significantly increased the antioxidant parameters such as GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx. Conclusion: Collectively, our data demonstrated that LCZ696 could suppress the progression of diabetes-induced hepatic fibrosis, correlating with reduced oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and NF-κB compared with valsartan alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah M Belali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
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Głombik K, Trojan E, Kurek A, Budziszewska B, Basta-Kaim A. Inflammatory Consequences of Maternal Diabetes on the Offspring Brain: a Hippocampal Organotypic Culture Study. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:357-375. [PMID: 31197747 PMCID: PMC6616224 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is a disorder associated with abnormal chronic inflammation that poses a risk to the developing fetus. We investigated the effects of experimentally induced diabetes (streptozotocin model) in Wistar female rats on the inflammatory status of the hippocampi of their offspring. Additionally, the impact of antidiabetic drugs (metformin and glyburide) on inflammatory processes was evaluated. Organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) were prepared from the brains of the 7-day-old rat offspring of control and diabetic mother rats. On the 7th day in vitro, the cultures were pretreated with metformin (3 μM) or glyburide (1 μM) and then stimulated for 24 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml). The OHCs obtained from the offspring of diabetic mothers were characterized by the increased mortality of cells and an enhanced susceptibility to damage caused by LPS. Although we showed that LPS stimulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the control and diabetic cultures, the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the OHC medium obtained from the offspring of diabetic mothers were more pronounced. In the diabetic cultures, enhanced levels of TLR-4 and the overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were demonstrated. Metformin and glyburide pretreatment normalized the LPS-induced IL-1β secretion in the control and diabetic cultures. Furthermore, glyburide diminished both: LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in the control and diabetic cultures and increased NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation. Glyburide also diminished the levels of the NLRP3 subunit and caspase-1, but only in the diabetic cultures. The results showed that maternal diabetes affected inflammatory processes in the offspring brain and increased hippocampal sensitivity to the LPS-induced inflammatory response. The use of antidiabetic agents, especially glyburide, had a beneficial impact on the changes caused by maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kurek
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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