A Case of Delayed Diagnostic Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Targeted Therapy in an EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient

Progress in mechanism-based diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis comorbid with tumor

Tuberculosis (TB) and tumor, with similarities in immune response and pathogenesis, are diseases that are prone to produce autoimmune stress response to the host immune system. With a symbiotic relationship between the two, TB can facilitate the occurrence and development of tumors, while tumor causes TB reactivation. In this review, we systematically sorted out the incidence trends and influencing factors of TB and tumor, focusing on the potential pathogenesis of TB and tumor, to provide a pathway for the co-pathogenesis of TB comorbid with tumor (TCWT). Based on this, we summarized the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of TCWT, and provided ideas for further exploration of clinical trials and new drug development of TCWT.

Coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and small cell lung carcinoma: A significant problem in tuberculosis-endemic country?

Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer are public health problems, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coexistence of the two diseases has rarely been reported while their causative association has been noticed leading to diagnosis delayed and prognosis worsening. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and small cell lung carcinoma. A 54-year-old male was presented with the complained of lower left chest pain for six months, which was getting worse four days before admission to the hospital. The patient also complained of cough and decreased appetite and weight loss. Initial chest X-ray revealed an infiltrate and cavity in the upper right lung and inhomogeneous consolidation in the left paracardial. After the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and was given anti-tuberculosis drugs for two months, the cavity and consolidation decreased with no clinically significant improvement. We performed a bronchoscopy with suspicion of lung cancer and a forcep biopsy in which small cell carcinoma was confirmed. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy and anti-tuberculosis was continued for four months. During the observation in the fourth month, there was a reduction in the tumor size. This case highlights that similarity of clinical symptoms between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer often lead to misdiagnosis of both. Therefore, in the absence of complete clinical and radiological improvement in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the coexistence of lung cancer should be considered. This also highlights that early diagnosis is critical for the favorable outcome.