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Luo S, Guo L, Chen N, Guo Q, Xie Y, Wang Y, Wang E. CRY2 mediates the cognitive decline induced by sleep deprivation in 5xFAD mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306930. [PMID: 39012854 PMCID: PMC11251589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptochrome-2 (CRY2) is a core rhythm gene that plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair. The present study investigated the potential role of CRY2 in mediating sleep deprivation-induced cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. METHODS To assess the effects of SD on different brain regions of the mouse brain, we used 18F FDG PET-CT. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test and Y-maze. Lentivirus was used for the overexpression of CRY2, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used for the downregulation of CRY2 to verify the effect of CRY2. We used qRT‒PCR and Western blotting to identify the downstream factors of CRY2 and evaluated the cognitive function of mice to confirm the effects of these factors. RESULTS The AD mice exhibited cognitive decline after 21 days of SD and had higher expression of CRY2 compared to AD mice with normal sleep. Overexpression of CRY2 led to decreased cognitive function in AD mice, and the downregulation of CRY2 attenuated the SD-induced cognitive decline in AD mice. CRY2 reduced the expression and function of CISH, which reduced the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and led to synaptic dysfunction. CISH overexpression attenuated the impairing effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function in AD mice. Furthermore, 18F FDG PET-CT revealed that SD significantly reduced glucose metabolism in different brain regions of AD mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that sleep deprivation upregulated CRY2 in the hippocampus of AD mice, which resulted in synaptic dysfunction by decreasing CISH-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lizhe Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - E. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
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Manoharan N, Parasuraman R, Jayamurali D, Muthusamy P, Govindarajulu S. Role of Thymoquinone on sleep restriction and its mitigating effect on leptin-mediated signaling pathway in rat brain. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:769. [PMID: 38886257 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and stress interact bidirectionally by acting on brain circuits that affect metabolism. Sleep and its alterations have impact on blood leptin levels, metabolic hormone that regulates appetite. Brain expresses the receptors for the peptide hormone leptin produced from adipocytes. The hypothalamic orexin neurons are low during sleep and active when awake, influenced by a complex interaction with leptin. Thymoquinone was found to be the major bioactive component of Nigella sativa. The aim of this study was to study the role of thymoquinone on sleep restriction and its mitigating effect on leptin-mediated signaling pathway in rat brain. METHODS AND RESULTS 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups with 6 animals in each group: Control; Thymoquinone (TQ); Corn oil; Chronic Sleep restriction (CSR); and CSR + TQ. After 30 days, behavioral analysis, antioxidant, lipid profile, glucose level, liver and kidney function test, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and mRNA expression in in vivo studies were also assessed and pharmacokinetic and docking were done for thymoquinone. Thymoquinone has also shown good binding affinity to the target proteins. CSR has induced oxidative stress in the discrete brain regions and plasma. Current study has shown many evidences that sleep restriction has altered the neurobehavioral, antioxidant status, lipid profile, neurotransmitters, neuropeptide levels, and feeding behavior which damage the Orexin-leptin system which regulates the sleep and feeding that leads to metabolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION The potentiality of Thymoquinone was revealed in in silico studies, and its action in in vivo studies has proved its effectiveness. The study concludes that Thymoquinone has exhibited its effect by diminishing the metabolic dysfunction by its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Manoharan
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Rajeshwari Parasuraman
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Dheepthi Jayamurali
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Pazhanisankar Muthusamy
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Sathyanarayanan Govindarajulu
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, 600 113, India.
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Chen L, Nini W, Jinmei Z, Jingmei Y. Implications of sleep disorders for periodontitis. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1655-1666. [PMID: 36547852 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by multi-factors. Sleep is a natural physiologic process, and the sleep duration, quality, and patterns might be associated with periodontitis. Meanwhile, periodontitis might in turn induce systemic inflammation and thus impact sleep in different ways as well. METHODS To investigate the bidirectional relationship between sleep disorder and periodontitis, a literature search was conducted to reveal the interaction and possible mechanism between these two diseases. RESULTS The results show that sleep disorders can affect the progression of periodontitis via some pathomechanisms, and periodontitis also has a reverse impact on sleep. CONCLUSION Although the epidemiologic and clinical trials found the possible associations between sleep disorder and periodontitis, their relationship is still not that explicit. Further studies are warranted to shed light on them, to improve preventive health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wang Nini
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhang Jinmei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Jingmei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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de Aguiar GC, Souza ACF, de Souza DV, Neto MM, Le Sueur-Maluf L, de Moraes Malinverni AC, Antunes HKM, Ribeiro DA. Degenerative changes induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation in rat sublingual glands. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:4261-4269. [PMID: 37256344 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep deprivation can induce degenerative changes in rat sublingual glands. METHODS For this purpose, a total of 24 males were distributed into three groups: control (n = 8), in which the animals were not subjected to any procedure; sleep deprivation (n = 8) in which the animals were submitted to sleep deprivation for 96 h; recovery (n = 8), in which the animals were subjected to paradoxical sleep deprivation for 96 consecutive hours followed by 96 h without intervention. Morphological changes in sublingual glands as well as the immunoexpressions of some proteins, such as Ki-67, p16, cleaved caspase-3 and BCL-2 were investigated in this setting. RESULTS The results showed that paradoxical sleep deprivation induced tissue degeneration as a result of the presence of pyknosis, vacuoles and areas of salivary retention, in the experimental groups. Expression of cleaved caspase 3 and BCL-2 were increased in both sleep deprivation and recovery groups. The analysis of Ki-67 showed an increase in expression only in the recovery group, associated with a decrease in p16 levels. CONCLUSION Sleep deprivation can induce a degenerative process in the parenchyma of sublingual gland by means of dysregulation of apoptosis associated with proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Carvalhal de Aguiar
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Flygare Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Marcos Monico Neto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Luciana Le Sueur-Maluf
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | | | - Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Naringin Regulates Microglia BV-2 Activation and Inflammation via the JAK/STAT3 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3492058. [PMID: 35646153 PMCID: PMC9135528 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3492058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Microglial BV-2 cells are activated in the brain following insomnia. Naringin (NAR) is a polymethoxylated flavonoid that is also commonly found in citrus fruits and is known for its antioxidant potential. However, the effect of NAR on microglial cells has rarely been studied in the brain of an organism after insomnia. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of action of NAR on microglial cell activation and inflammation. Methods BV-2 cells were obtained from the China Center for Type Culture Collection and randomly divided into five treatment groups: control, model, NAR (10 μM), WP1066 (5 μM), and NAR + WP1066. With the exception of the control group, all groups were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h. CCK8 was used to quantify cell viability and a scratch test was performed to detect cell migration. The expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nterleukin 10 (IL-10), and insulin like growth factor (1IGF-1) were measured by ELISA. Western blotting was performed to determine the levels of p-STAT3 and p-JAK. The Focalcheck™ Thin-Ring Fluorescent Microspheres kit was used to detect cell phagocytosis. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of iNOS and arginase1 in BV-2 cells. Results Compared with the control group, cell migration, cell viability, and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS were significantly increased in the model group, whereas the expression levels of IL-10, IGF-1, and arginase 1, as well as cell phagocytosis were reduced. With the increase in NAR concentration, cell migration, cell viability, the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS decreased, while the expression of IL-10, IGF-1, and arginase 1 increased. Compared with the control group, p-STAT3, and p-JAK expression in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK in the NAR, NAR + WP1066, and WP1066 groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion NAR treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration, and inflammation of BV-2 cells as well as the activation of microglia to the M1 phenotype. Conversely, NAR treatment promoted the activation of microglia to the M2 phenotype and enhanced the phagocytic function of BV-2 cells by regulating the activity of the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
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Lebeis IB, de Souza DV, Mennitti LV, Pisani LP, Prado CM, Ribeiro DA. Proinflammatory State in the Odontogenesis of Fetuses Exposed to Different Types of Fatty Acids during Pregnancy. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:540-547. [PMID: 36096087 PMCID: PMC9841762 DOI: 10.1159/000526777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible changes caused by the maternal ingestion of different types of fatty acids during pregnancy in the proinflammatory state in the odontogenesis of the fetuses. SUBJECT AND METHODS Twenty-four jaws (n = 6 per group) of Wistar rats were collected on the 20th day of intrauterine life. Mothers were separated on the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups according to diet, as described below: control group (C) - diet with soy oil as a source of fat; saturated fatty acid group (S) - diet with lard in saturated fatty acids; trans-fatty acid group (T) - diet with vegetable fat, rich in trans-saturated fatty acids; and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) group - diet with fish oil, rich in PUFAs. RESULTS Microscopic analysis showed no alterations in tissue development of the teeth between the groups with different lipid diets (T, S, and PUFA) when compared to the control group (C); immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3, SOCS3, and IL-6 showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. However, there were changes (p < 0.05) between the T group and the PUFA group in the expression of JAK2. CONCLUSION Thus, lipid consumption in the maternal diet remains a topic to be explored in embryonic development, despite not causing morphological changes to the tooth germ of rats.
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