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Di L, Zha C, Liu Y. Platelet-derived microparticles stimulated by anti-β 2GPI/β 2GPI complexes induce pyroptosis of endothelial cells in antiphospholipid syndrome. Platelets 2023; 34:2156492. [PMID: 36550078 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2156492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are vesicles that are released by platelets into the extracellular space and play a role in antiphospholipid antibody syndromes. PMPs have recently been recognized as a new and viable cell. There is growing evidence that the anti-β2 glycoprotein (GPI)/β2GPI complex is associated with aberrant activation of PMPs. Although studies suggest that aberrant activation of PMPs may lead to inflammatory necrosis of endothelial cells, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that although the difference in the number of PMPs was not statistically significant, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) within PMPs was increased during stimulation of anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complexes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex-induced PMPs effectively stimulated endothelial cell pyroptosis via the NLRP3/nuclear factor (NF)-κB/gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling pathway as well as the NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Additionally, inhibition of NLRP3 expression in PMPs effectively reduced the inflammatory response and pyroptosis in endothelial cells. Our data suggest that PMPs aberrantly activated by anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complexes play a vital role in endothelial cell pyroptosis, and these studies provide major insights into the mechanisms of thrombosis during the treatment of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Di
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Caijun Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Kotyla PJ, Islam MA. MicroRNA (miRNA): A New Dimension in the Pathogenesis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062076. [PMID: 32197340 PMCID: PMC7139820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, endogenous RNA molecules that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression as well as cell development, differentiation, and function. Recent data suggest that these small molecules are responsible for the regulation of immune responses. Therefore, they may act as potent modulators of the immune system and play an important role in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by venous and/or arterial thromboses and/or recurrent fetal losses in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Several lines of evidence suggest that like other autoimmune disorders, miRNAs are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of APS, interacting with the function of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we characterize miRNAs in the light of having a functional role in the immune system and autoimmune responses focusing on APS. In addition, we also discuss miRNAs as potential biomarkers and target molecules in treating APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J. Kotyla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.J.K.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (P.J.K.); (M.A.I.)
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Shirshev SV. Mechanisms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Induction: Role of NKT Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:992-1007. [PMID: 31693459 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the mechanisms of participation of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) in the induction of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) that play a major pathogenetic role in the formation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), summarizes the data on APS pathogenesis, and presents modern concepts on the antibody formation involving follicular helper type II NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Shirshev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614081, Russia.
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Cifù A, Domenis R, Pistis C, Curcio F, Fabris M. Anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies exert similar pro-thrombotic effects in peripheral blood monocytes and endothelial cells. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 32257059 PMCID: PMC6909027 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-019-0113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The introduction of the anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies among the routinely investigated anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies led to an improvement in anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) laboratory diagnostic performance; however, their pathogenic mechanism is still substantially undefined. To support clinical data and future inclusion as possible new criteria antibodies, we designed a head-to-head study to directly compare the procoagulant effects sustained in vitro by aPS/PT to those sustained by anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GpI) domain 1-specific antibodies. Methods Blood donors-derived monocytes and endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) alone or in combination with the IgG fractions isolated from the serum of six APS patients, positive only for aβ2GpI or for aPS/PT antibodies. As control, cells were incubated with LPS plus the IgG isolated from blood donors. Tissue factor (TF) mRNA expression was measured after four hours incubation by real-time PCR. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in cells supernatant after 16 h incubation by colorimetric assay. Results aPS/PT and aβ2GpI IgG antibodies fractions showed comparable ability to enhance LPS-induced TF mRNA expression, either in monocytes and in HUVEC. Compared to LPS alone, we found that NO levels are strongly overproduced in HUVEC treated with LPS plus aβ2GpI and aPS/PT IgG fractions. Conclusions Our data support the significant and independent role of aPS/PT in the pathogenesis of the thrombotic events in APS patients, possibly adding new light to the therapeutic management of cases characterized by the sole presence of aPS/PT IgG antibodies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13317-019-0113-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cifù
- 1Deparment of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - R Domenis
- 1Deparment of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - C Pistis
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, Ingresso H, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - F Curcio
- 1Deparment of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M Fabris
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, Ingresso H, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Wang M, Kong X, Xie Y, He C, Wang T, Zhou H. Role of TLR‑4 in anti‑β2‑glycoprotein I‑induced activation of peritoneal macrophages and vascular endothelial cells in mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4353-4363. [PMID: 30942412 PMCID: PMC6472140 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‑phospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systematic autoimmune disease that is associated with presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), recurrent thrombosis, and fetal morbidity in pregnancy. Toll‑like receptor‑4 (TLR‑4), a member of TLR family, is known to have a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. The β2‑glycoprotein I (β2GPI), a protein circulating in the blood at a high concentration, is able of scavenging lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and clear unwanted anionic cellular remnants, such as microparticles, from the circulation. Our previous study demonstrated that TLR‑4 and its signaling pathways contribute to the upregulation of pro‑coagulant factors and pro‑inflammatory cytokines in monocytes induced by anti‑β2GPI in vitro. The present study aimed to define the roles of TLR‑4 in vivo. C3H/HeN mice (TLR‑4 intact) and C3H/HeJ mice (TLR‑4 defective) were stimulated with an intraperitoneal injection with anti‑β2GPI‑immunoglobulin G(IgG), then peritoneal macrophages and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were extracted from treated mice, and analyses were conducted on the expression profiles of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. The results demonstrated that the expression of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6, in the peritoneal macrophages, and adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1) and E‑selectin, in VECs of C3H/HeN mice (TLR‑4 intact) were significantly higher than those of C3H/HeJ mice (TLR‑4 defective). The phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) p65 in peritoneal macrophages and VECs from C3H/HeN mice stimulated with anti‑β2GPI‑IgG were significantly increased compared with those from C3H/HeJ mice (TLR‑4 defective). The isotype control antibody (NR‑IgG) had no such effects on peritoneal macrophages and VECs. Furthermore, the inhibitors of TLR‑4, p38 MAPK and NF‑κB may significantly reduce the anti‑β2GPI‑IgG‑induced TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6 mRNAs expression in the peritoneal macrophages from TLR‑4 intact mice. The results indicated that a TLR‑4 signal transduction pathway is involved in anti‑β2GPI‑IgG‑induced activation of peritoneal macrophages and VECs. This study has provided a basis for subsequent investigations to elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying anti‑phospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yachao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Wang X, Zhu X, Zhou H, Xia L, Wang T, Wang Z, Li Y, Yan J, Wang T. Anti-β 2GPI antibodies enhance atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:72-78. [PMID: 30871774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated atherosclerosis often occurs in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and auto-antibodies to β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) are confirmed as pathogenic antibodies to APS. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the conversion of mouse peritoneal macrophages into foam cells could be enhanced by co-existence of β2GPI and anti-β2GPI IgG, but this phenomenon has not been explored in vivo. Here, we present a mouse model to observe the effect of anti-β2GPI IgG in the development of atherosclerosis. Male ApoE-deficient mice were intraperitoneally injected with anti-β2GPI IgG (100 μg/mouse) and homologous control IgG (100 μg/mouse) every week for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid composition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological staining were used to evaluate vascular inflammation, lumen stenosis and plaque stability. The results showed that the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma were not changed in all mice fed with high-fat diet, but the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was lower and the atherosclerosis index was significantly increased in HD + anti-β2GPI group than in other high-fat diet groups. In addition, compared with NR IgG-treated mice, anti-β2GPI IgG-treated mice showed more lipid deposition in the carotid artery, markedly narrowed arteriolar lumen as well as higher MMP-9 expression, more macrophages and fewer collagen fibers in the aortic arch root. Furthermore, the aortic mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were significantly increased in anti-β2GPI IgG-treated mice. Together, these data indicate that anti-β2GPI IgG increases vascular inflammation, aggravates atherosclerosis and promotes the formation of vulnerable plaque in ApoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Renji Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212009, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China.
| | - Longfei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
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Addi T, Poitevin S, McKay N, El Mecherfi KE, Kheroua O, Jourde-Chiche N, de Macedo A, Gondouin B, Cerini C, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Burtey S, Dou L. Mechanisms of tissue factor induction by the uremic toxin indole-3 acetic acid through aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:121-136. [PMID: 30324315 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high risk of thrombosis. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), an indolic uremic toxin, induces the expression of tissue factor (TF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) via the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aimed to understand the signaling pathways involved in AhR-mediated TF induction by IAA. We incubated human endothelial cells with IAA at 50 µM, the maximal concentration found in patients with CKD. IAA induced TF expression in different types of human endothelial cells: umbilical vein (HUVEC), aortic (HAoEC), and cardiac-derived microvascular (HMVEC-C). Using AhR inhibition and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we showed that TF induction by IAA in HUVEC was controlled by AhR and that AhR did not bind to the TF promoter. The analysis of TF promoter activity using luciferase reporter plasmids showed that the NF-κB site was essential in TF induction by IAA. In addition, TF induction by IAA was drastically decreased by an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. IAA induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50 subunit, which was decreased by AhR and p38MAPK inhibition. Finally, in a cohort of 92 CKD patients on hemodialysis, circulating TF was independently related to serum IAA in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, TF up-regulation by IAA in human endothelial cells involves a non-genomic AhR/p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The understanding of signal transduction pathways related to AhR thrombotic/inflammatory pathway is of interest to find therapeutic targets to reduce TF expression and thrombotic risk in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Addi
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie McKay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Eddine El Mecherfi
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
- Université Mohamed Boudiaf USTO, Dpt génétique Moléculaire Appliquée (GMA), Oran, Algeria
| | - Omar Kheroua
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Alix de Macedo
- Service de Pédiatrie-Néonatologie, Hôpital Fondation Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | | | - Claire Cerini
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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Cavazzana I, Andreoli L, Limper M, Franceschini F, Tincani A. Update on Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Ten Topics in 2017. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-018-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nakamura H, Oku K, Ogata Y, Ohmura K, Yoshida Y, Kitano E, Fujieda Y, Kato M, Bohgaki T, Amengual O, Yasuda S, Fujimura Y, Seya T, Atsumi T. Alternative pathway activation due to low level of complement factor H in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb Res 2018; 164:63-68. [PMID: 29494857 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.02.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although complement activation has been proposed as a possible thrombophilic mechanism in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the origin of complement activation in APS remains unclear. Here, we focused on complement regulatory factors (CRF), which control the complement system to prevent damage to host tissue. We evaluated the function of two major CRF, membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and factor H (FH), in APS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we analyzed preserved serum samples from 27 patients with primary APS (PAPS), 20 with APS complicated with SLE (APS + SLE), 24 with SLE (SLE), and 25 with other connective tissue diseases (Other CTD). Serum MCP and FH levels were tested by ELISA. Autoantibodies against FH were determined by both ELISA and western-blotting. RESULTS Serum complement levels of PAPS were lower than those of other CTD (median C3: 82 vs 112 mg/dL, p < 0.01, C4: 15 vs 22 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Serum MCP levels did not significantly differ among the groups. Serum FH levels were significantly lower in PAPS patients compared with SLE or other CTD (median 204, 1275, and 1220 μg/mL, respectively, p < 0.01). In PAPS patients, serum FH levels were positively correlated with serum C3 levels (p < 0.01, R = 0.55), but no correlation was found with serum C4 levels (p = 0.22, R = 0.33). Autoantibodies against FH were not detected in any of our patients. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the alternative complement pathway due to low level of FH is one of the possible thrombophilic mechanisms in PAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Oku
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ogata
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kitano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kobe Tokiwa University, Ohtani-cho 2-6-6, Nagata-ku, Kobe 653-0838, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fujieda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Bohgaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Olga Amengual
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yasuda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujimura
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho 840, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Sabbione AC, Luna-Vital D, Scilingo A, Añón MC, González de Mejía E. Amaranth peptides decreased the activity and expression of cellular tissue factor on LPS activated THP-1 human monocytes. Food Funct 2018; 9:3823-3834. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00323h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of amaranth peptides is linked for the first time with their antithrombotic activity. Inhibition of tissue factor expression and the NF-κB pathway was observed after treatment with the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Sabbione
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Adriana Scilingo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - María Cristina Añón
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA)
- La Plata
- Argentina
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Activation of mTOR is involved in anti-β 2 GPI/β 2 GPI-induced expression of tissue factor and IL-8 in monocytes. Thromb Res 2017; 157:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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The Role of TLR4 on B Cell Activation and Anti- β2GPI Antibody Production in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1719720. [PMID: 27868072 PMCID: PMC5102736 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1719720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High titer of anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GPI Ab) plays a pathogenic role in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Numerous studies have focused on the pathological mechanism in APS; however, little attention is paid to the immune mechanism of production of anti-β2GPI antibodies in APS. Our previous study demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a vital role in the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from the mice immunized with human β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). TLR4 is required for the activation of B cells and the production of autoantibody in mice treated with β2GPI. However, TLR4 provides a third signal for B cell activation and then promotes B cells better receiving signals from both B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and CD40, thus promoting B cell activation, surface molecules expression, anti-β2GPI Ab production, and cytokines secretion and making B cell functioning like an antigen presenting cell (APC). At the same time, TLR4 also promotes B cells producing antibodies by upregulating the expression of B-cell activating factor (BAFF). In this paper, we aim to review the functions of TLR4 in B cell immune response and antibody production in autoimmune disease APS and try to find a new way for the prevention and treatment of APS.
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Cheng S, He C, Zhou H, Kong X, Xie H, Xia L, Yan J. The effect of Toll-like receptor 4 on β 2 -glycoprotein I-induced B cell activation in mouse model. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xia L, Xie H, Yu Y, Zhou H, Wang T, Yan J. The Effects of NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 on the Expression of Prothrombotic and Proinflammatory Molecules Induced by Anti-β2GPI in Mouse. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147958. [PMID: 26829121 PMCID: PMC4735462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous data demonstrated that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) are involved in the process of anti-β2GPI/β2GPI-induced tissue factor (TF) expression in monocytes. However, the role of NF-κB and AP-1 in pathogenic mechanisms of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in vivo has been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate whether NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 are involved in anti-β2GPI-induced expression of prothrombotic and proinflammatory molecules in mouse. IgG-APS or anti-β2GPI antibodies were injected into BALB/c mice in the presence or absence of PDTC (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB) and Curcumin (a potent inhibitor of AP-1) treatment. Our data showed that both IgG-APS and anti-β2GPI could induce the activation of NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The anti-β2GPI-induced TF activity in homogenates of carotid arteries and peritoneal macrophages from mice could significantly decrease after PDTC and/or Curcumin treatment, in which PDTC showed the strongest inhibitory effect, but combination of two inhibitors had no synergistic effect. Furthermore, anti-β2GPI-induced expression of TF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the aorta and expression of TF, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages of mice were also significantly attenuated by PDTC and/or Curcumin treatment. These results indicate that both NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 are involved in regulating anti-β2GPI-induced expression of prothrombotic and proinflammatory molecules in vivo. Inhibition of NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 pathways may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis and inflammation in patients with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxiang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinjing Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (JY)
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (JY)
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van den Hoogen LL, van Roon JAG, Radstake TRDJ, Fritsch-Stork RDE, Derksen RHWM. Delineating the deranged immune system in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 15:50-60. [PMID: 26318678 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized serologically by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and clinically by vascular thrombosis and obstetric complications. The protein β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is identified as the most important autoantigen in this syndrome. Activation of endothelial cells, thrombocytes and placental tissue by anti-β2GPI antibodies relates to the clinical manifestations of APS. This review describes genetic and environmental factors in relation to APS and summarizes the current knowledge on abnormalities in components of both the innate and adaptive immune system in APS. The role of dendritic cells, T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, neutrophils and NK-cells as well as the complement system in APS are discussed. Several gaps in our knowledge on the pathophysiology of APS are identified and a plea is made for future extensive immune cell profiling by a systems medicine approach in order to better unravel the pathogenesis of APS, to gain more insight in the role of the immune system in APS as well as having the potential to reveal biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L van den Hoogen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joël A G van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth D E Fritsch-Stork
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H W M Derksen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Xie H, Kong X, Zhou H, Xie Y, Sheng L, Wang T, Xia L, Yan J. TLR4 is involved in the pathogenic effects observed in a murine model of antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:198-210. [PMID: 26065621 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid (aPL)/anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies are considered to play a pivotal pathogenic role in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by inducing an intracellular signaling and procoagulant/proinflammatory phenotype that leads to thrombosis. There is increasing evidence that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) could serve as an important molecule for anti-β2GPI recognition on target cells. However, few studies have focused on the effects of TLR4 in in vivo models. Here, we investigated the role of TLR4 in the pathogenic effects of aPL/anti-β2GPI more precisely using TLR4-intact (C3H/HeN) and TLR4-defective (C3H/HeJ) mice. C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice were injected with either IgG isolated from patient with APS (IgG-APS) or epitope-specific anti-β2GPI purified from β2GPI peptide-immunized rabbits. We found that, following anti-β2GPI injections and vascular injury, thrombus formation in both the carotid artery and femoral vein was markedly reduced in C3H/HeJ mice when compared with C3H/HeN mice. IgG-APS or anti-β2GPI-induced carotid artery and peritoneal macrophage tissue factor activity/expression was significantly lesser in C3H/HeJ than in C3H/HeN mice. Furthermore, the IgG-APS or anti-β2GPI induced expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in the aorta and of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in peritoneal macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice was also significantly reduced compared to C3H/HeN mice. Together, these data suggest that TLR4 is involved in the pathogenic effects of aPL/anti-β2GPI antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Yachao Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Liangju Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Longfei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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Koizume S, Miyagi Y. Breast cancer phenotypes regulated by tissue factor-factor VII pathway: Possible therapeutic targets. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:908-920. [PMID: 25493229 PMCID: PMC4259953 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i5.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women, worldwide. Fortunately, breast cancer is relatively chemosensitive, with recent advances leading to the development of effective therapeutic strategies, significantly increasing disease cure rate. However, disease recurrence and treatment of cases lacking therapeutic molecular targets, such as epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and hormone receptors, referred to as triple-negative breast cancers, still pose major hurdles in the treatment of breast cancer. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches to treat aggressive breast cancers are essential. Blood coagulation factor VII (fVII) is produced in the liver and secreted into the blood stream. Tissue factor (TF), the cellular receptor for fVII, is an integral membrane protein that plays key roles in the extrinsic coagulation cascade. TF is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. The TF-fVII complex may be formed in the absence of injury, because fVII potentially exists in the tissue fluid within cancer tissues. The active form of this complex (TF-fVIIa) may stimulate the expression of numerous malignant phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Thus, the TF-fVII pathway is a potentially attractive target for breast cancer treatment. To date, a number of studies investigating the mechanisms by which TF-fVII signaling contributes to breast cancer progression, have been conducted. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms controlling TF and fVII synthesis and regulation in breast cancer cells. Our current understanding of the TF-fVII pathway as a mediator of breast cancer progression will be also described. Finally, we will discuss how this knowledge can be applied to the design of future therapeutic strategies.
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Liu J, He C, Zhou H, Xu Y, Zhang X, Yan J, Xie H, Cheng S. Effects of TLR4 on β2-glycoprotein I-induced bone marrow-derived dendritic cells maturation. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:226-32. [PMID: 25108557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can contribute to anti-β2-glycoprotein I/β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI/β2GPI)-induced tissue factor (TF) expression in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. However, the role of TLR4 in the activation of autoimmune response in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has rarely been reported. In this study, we focused on the role of TLR4 in β2GPI-induced maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). iDCs from C3H/HeN mice stimulated with β2GPI were more mature than that from C3H/HeJ mice, yields of CD11c(+)MHCII(+)DCs, CD11c(+)CD80(+)DCs and CD11c(+)CD86(+)DCs and production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in iDCs from C3H/HeN were higher than those from C3H/HeJ (p<0.05). Moreover, the ability of β2GPI-treated iDCs from C3H/HeJ to stimulate proliferation of allogeneic mixed lymphocytes was lower than that of iDCs from C3H/HeN. In conclusion, our results indicate that TLR4 may play a significant role in β2-glycoprotein I-induced BMDCs maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Hongxiang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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Zhang X, Xie Y, Zhou H, Xu Y, Liu J, Xie H, Yan J. Involvement of TLR4 in oxidized LDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI-induced transformation of macrophages to foam cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:1140-51. [PMID: 24998486 DOI: 10.5551/jat.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It has been reported that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) forms a stable and non-dissociable complex with β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and that IgG anti-β2GPI autoantibodies are able to recognize this complex, thus facilitating macrophage-derived foam cell formation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, the immunopathological mechanisms of oxLDL/β2GPI complexes in promoting foam cell formation are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced transformation of mouse peritoneal macrophages to foam cells. METHODS Oil red O staining and optical density (OD) measurements of intracellular stained oil red O solution were used to monitor the transformation of peritoneal macrophages to foam cells in TLR4-competent C3H/HeN and TLR4-mutant C3H/HeJ mice. During foam cell formation induced by the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex, the expression of TLR4 and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were confirmed by analyzing the protein and mRNA levels of these compounds. Furthermore, the related active molecule expression during foam cell formation induced by the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex was examined in the presence or absence of TLR4. RESULTS The data showed that treatment with the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex markedly increased foam cell formation, the TLR4 expression, NF-κB activation, the tissue factor (TF) expression and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion in the C3H/HeN mice. However, the transformation of macrophages to foam cells and the expression levels of phosphorylated NF-κB, TF, TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly reduced in the C3H/HeJ mice treated with the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex. In addition, compared with that achieved by oxLDL alone, the oxLDL/β2GPI complex decreased foam cell formation and the related signaling molecule expression in the C3H/HeN mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TLR4 plays an important role in the process of oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced transformation of macrophages to foam cells, which may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in the setting of APS. However, β2GPI alone functions as an antiatherogenic protein by preventing the foam cell formation induced by oxLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University
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oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex induced macrophage differentiation to foam cell involving TLR4/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway. Thromb Res 2014; 134:384-92. [PMID: 24882274 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived foam cell formation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. It has been reported that oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) inducing formation of foam cells and expression of inflammatory molecules are partly mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. However, whether oxLDL/β2-glycoprotein I/anti-β2-glycoprotein I (oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI) complex enhanced formation of foam cells involving TLR4/NF-κB pathway or not has never been explored. In the current study, we focused on investigating the transformation of peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice into foam cells induced by the three complexes, and the involvement of TLR4 as well as its downstream signal molecule NF-κB. The results showed that treatment of macrophages with oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex could markedly increase intracellular lipid loading and expression of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as tissue factor (TF). The oxLDL and oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex induced formation of foam cells and expression of p-NF-κB p65 were significantly reduced, while macrophages were pre-treated with TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. Meanwhile, both TAK-242 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC could remarkably inhibit oxLDL, oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex, as well as LPS increased MCP-1 and TF levels. Nevertheless, β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced MCP-1 and TF mRNA expression were inhibited by TAK-242 rather than PDTC, although TF activity was significantly reduced by both of the inhibitors. In conclusion, our results indicate that oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex could enhance the conversion of macrophages into foam cells and the process may be at least partly mediated by TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which may contribute to the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in APS.
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Brandt KJ, Fickentscher C, Boehlen F, Kruithof EKO, de Moerloose P. NF-κB is activated from endosomal compartments in antiphospholipid antibodies-treated human monocytes. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:779-91. [PMID: 24612386 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease associated with arterial or venous thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss and is caused by pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA). We recently demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and CD14 contribute to monocyte activation of aPLA. OBJECTIVE To study the mechanisms of cell activation by aPLA, leading to pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory responses. METHODS AND RESULTS For this study, we used purified antibodies from the plasmas of 10 different patients with APS and healthy donors. We demonstrate that aPLA, but not control IgG, co-localizes with TLR2 and TLR1 or TLR6 on human monocytes. Blocking antibodies to TLR2, TLR1 or TLR6, but not to TLR4, decreased TNF and tissue factor (TF) responses to aPLA. Pharmacological and siRNA approaches revealed the importance of the clathrin/dynamin-dependent endocytic pathway in cell activation by aPLA. In addition, soluble aPLA induced NF-κB activation, while bead-immobilized aPLA beads, which cannot be internalized, were unable to activate NF-κB. Internalization of aPLA in monocytes and NF-κB activation were dependent on the presence of CD14. CONCLUSION We show that TLR2 and its co-receptors, TLR1 and TLR6, contribute to the pathogenicity of aPLA, that aPLA are internalized via clathrin- and CD14-dependent endocytosis and that endocytosis is required for NF-κB activation. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the APS and provide a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Brandt
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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WANG TING, ZHOU HONG, XIE HONGXIANG, MU YUAN, XU YA, LIU JINGJING, ZHANG XIAOLEI. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits TF and TNF-α expression induced by the anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex in human THP-1 cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:994-1002. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xie H, Sheng L, Zhou H, Yan J. The role of TLR4 in pathophysiology of antiphospholipid syndrome-associated thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Br J Haematol 2013; 164:165-76. [PMID: 24180619 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Haematology; School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Liangju Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Haematology; School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Haematology; School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
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