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Wondmeneh TG, Mekonnen AT. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:921. [PMID: 39237884 PMCID: PMC11375975 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hepatitis B infection is highly endemic in Africa, information on its epidemiology among pregnant women in the region is limited. Therefore, this systematic review provided up-to-date information on the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) infection among pregnant women in Africa. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African journals online were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 2015, and May 21, 2024, on hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women living in Africa. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the methodological qualities of the included studies. The random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HBV infection. I2 assessed the amount of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and a funnel plot. RESULTS We included 91 studies from 28 African countries. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Africa was 5.89% (95% CI: 5.26-6.51%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 97.71%, p < 0.001). Family history of hepatitis B virus infection (AOR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.53-3.9), multiple sexual partners (AOR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.3-3.04), and sharing sharp materials were risk factors for hepatitis B infection. CONCLUSION An intermediate endemic level of hepatitis B virus infection (2-7%) was observed among pregnant women in Africa. To prevent disease transmission, interventions should focus on pregnant women with a family history of hepatitis B infection, multiple sexual partners, and sharing sharp materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayal Tsegaye Mekonnen
- Department of Biomedical, College of Medical and Health Science, Samara University, Semera, Ethiopia
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2
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Bassoum O, Ba MF, Sougou NM, Sow A, Seck I. Determinants of timely administration of the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine in Senegal in 2019: Secondary analysis of the demographic and health survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002734. [PMID: 39190637 PMCID: PMC11349090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In developing countries, hepatitis B is spread primarily by the perinatal or horizontal route. Thus, the Senegalese government recommends administering the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB0) within 24 hours of birth. The objective was to identify the determinants of timely administration of HepB0 in Senegal in 2019. A secondary analysis of the demographic and health survey was carried out. The study population consisted of children aged 12 to 23 months. A cluster survey, stratified in urban and rural areas, drawn at two stages, was carried out. Individual interviews were conducted. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and their 95% confidence interval. In total, 1130 children were included. Among them, 48.1% were born to mothers aged 25 to 34, 46.8% were male and 82.6% were born in health facilities. The average time between birth and HepB0 administration was 13.1±46.6 days. The median is 0 days [IQR: 0-12] with a minimum of 0 days and a maximum of 414 days. Among 747 children vaccinated, only 65.2% were vaccinated within 24 hours of birth. The determinants were maternal age of at least 35 years (aOR = 2.03 [1.29-3.20]), primary education of the mother (aOR = 1.94 [1.13-3. 35]), at least four antenatal care visits (aOR = 1.74 [1.12-2.69]), belonging to the central (ORa = 0.22 [0.11-0.44]) and northern regions (aOR = 0.18 [0.08-0.40]), and delivery in a health facility (aOR = 3.42 [1.90-6.15]). Education and keeping girls in school, local postnatal care in hard-to-reach regions, promotion of antenatal acre and delivery in a health facility should improve the timeliness of HepB0 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Bassoum
- Department of preventive medicine and public health, faculty of medicine, pharmacy and odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
- Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ndeye Mareme Sougou
- Department of preventive medicine and public health, faculty of medicine, pharmacy and odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
- Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Sow
- Department of preventive medicine and public health, faculty of medicine, pharmacy and odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
- Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Seck
- Department of preventive medicine and public health, faculty of medicine, pharmacy and odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
- Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
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Ndzie Ondigui JL, Mafopa Goumkwa N, Lobe C, Wandji B, Awoumou P, Voussou Djivida P, Peyonga P, Manju Atah S, Verbe V, Kamgaing Simo R, Moudourou SA, Gutierrez A, Garcia R, Fernandez I, Riwom Essama SH, Mbu R, Torimiro J. Prevalence and risk factors of transmission of hepatitis delta virus in pregnant women in the Center Region of Cameroon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287491. [PMID: 38900729 PMCID: PMC11189217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) co-infection has been described as the most severe form of viral hepatitis, and can be co-transmitted from mother-to-child. A seroprevalence of 4.0% of HDV infection was reported in pregnant women in Yaoundé, and 11.9% in the general population in Cameroon. Our objective was to describe the rate of HDV infection in HBsAg-positive pregnant women and to determine risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission of HDV. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2022 among pregnant women attending antenatal contacts in seven health structures in the Centre Region of Cameroon. A consecutive sampling (non-probability sampling) was used to select only pregnant women of age over 21 years, who gave a written informed consent. Following an informed consent, an open-ended questionnaire was used for a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey of these women, and their blood specimens collected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies by rapid tests and ELISA. HBsAg-positive samples were further screened for HBeAg, anti-HDV, anti-HBs, and anti HBc antibodies by ELISA, and plasma HDV RNA load measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Of 1992 pregnant women, a rate of 6.7% of HBsAg (133/1992) with highest rate in the rural areas, and 3.9% of hepatitis vaccination rate were recorded. Of 130, 42 (32.3%) were anti-HDV antibody-positive, and 47.6% had detectable HDV RNA viraemia. Of 44 anti-HDV-positive cases, 2 (4.5%) were co-infected with HBV and HCV, while 5 (11.4%) with HIV and HBV. Multiple pregnancies, the presence of tattoos and/or scarifications were significantly associated with the presence of anti-HDV antibodies. Of note, 80% of women with negative HBeAg and positive anti-HBe serological profile, had plasma HDV RNA load of more than log 3.25 (>10.000 copies/ml). CONCLUSION These results show an intermediate rate of HDV infection among pregnant women with high level of HDV RNA viremia, which suggest an increased risk of vertical and horizontal co-transmission of HDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette-Laure Ndzie Ondigui
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nadège Mafopa Goumkwa
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cindy Lobe
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Brigitte Wandji
- Yaoundé Gyanecology Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Awoumou
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Prisca Voussou Djivida
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Puinta Peyonga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Solange Manju Atah
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Rachel Kamgaing Simo
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sylvie Agnès Moudourou
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Rosi Garcia
- Bikop Catholic Health Center, Bikop, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Robinson Mbu
- Yaoundé Gyanecology Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Judith Torimiro
- Chantal BIYA” International Reference Center for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Koumba Mavoungou DS, N'dilimabaka N, Elguero E, Kombila LB, Diane A, Koumba Moukouama SE, Moussa Y, Mouinga-Ondeme A, Aghokeng AF. Burden of hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the southern Gabon. IJID REGIONS 2023; 9:32-37. [PMID: 37841692 PMCID: PMC10569973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health threat in middle- and low-income countries, where mother-to-child transmission plays an important role. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of this infection among pregnant women in southern Gabon and the risk of vertical transmission. Methods The study was a prospective investigation conducted from April 2021 to January 2022. Study participants were pregnant women aged 18 and over attending antenatal clinics in Franceville. Blood samples were collected to test for HBV surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B core, hepatitis B e antigen, and anti-hepatitis B e markers and to assess HBV infection. Results We recruited 901 women with a median age of 26 years (interquartile range: 21-32). Overall prevalence of infection was 3.9% (confidence interval: 2.7-5.4%). 418/901 or 46.4% were anti-hepatitis B core positive. Among HBV surface antigen-positive women, 1/35 were hepatitis B e antigen-positive with a viral load >200,000 IU/ml. Over 64% of participants had no information about HBV infection, and none knew that the virus could be transmitted from mother to child. Conclusions This study reveals a low HBV prevalence in pregnant women in Gabon and a low risk of vertical transmission of the virus. However, the rate of exposure of the population to the virus remains high and calls for improving actions and interventions for potential elimination goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Koumba Mavoungou
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Nadine N'dilimabaka
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Eric Elguero
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Linda Bohou Kombila
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Schedy E. Koumba Moukouama
- Unité Emergence des Maladies Virales, Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Yaro Moussa
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses Associées Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF-SSM), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Avelin F. Aghokeng
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses Associées Département de virologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF-SSM), Libreville, Gabon
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5
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Tazinkeng NN, Teuwafeu DG, Asombang AW, Agbor VN, Bloom SM, Nkhoma AN, Mohareb AM, Luma HN. Factors associated with hepatitis B and C among adults in Buea, Cameroon: A community-based cross-sectional study. Liver Int 2022; 42:2396-2402. [PMID: 35946051 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral hepatitis is a major cause of death in Africa. A paucity of community-based studies on the determinants of viral hepatitis in Africa impedes efforts to appropriately target prevention, screening, and treatment interventions. We assessed factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a semi-urban health district in Cameroon. METHODS We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study from 28 February to 15 May 2021 in the Buea Health District in Buea, Cameroon. We recruited a sample of consenting individuals aged over 15 years old. Participants were surveyed for factors associated with HBV/HCV and were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody using rapid point-of-care tests. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with HBsAg and HCV seropositivity. RESULTS We screened 1144 participants (66% female) with a median age of 30 years (IQR: 23-44). HBsAg prevalence was 5.7% (95%CI: 4.5-7.2%) and HCV seropositivity was 1.9% (95%CI: 1.3-2.9%). Three people (0.3%) were seropositive for both HBsAg and HCV antibody. Male sex (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.28-4.18) and a history of traditional operation or scarification (aOR = 2.87; 95%CI: 1.67-4.92) were associated with HBsAg. None of the assessed factors was significantly associated with HCV antibody. CONCLUSION Men and participants with a history of traditional operation and scarification had higher odds of HBsAg. We did not observe any associations with HCV seropositivity. Prevention and screening efforts among adults in this setting should prioritize men and those with a history of traditional operation and scarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkengeh N Tazinkeng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Pan-African Organization for Health, Education and Research, Manchester, Missouri, USA.,Department of Population Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, Cameroon.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denis G Teuwafeu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Akwi W Asombang
- Pan-African Organization for Health, Education and Research, Manchester, Missouri, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valirie N Agbor
- Department of Population Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, Cameroon.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seth M Bloom
- Pan-African Organization for Health, Education and Research, Manchester, Missouri, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alick N Nkhoma
- Pan-African Organization for Health, Education and Research, Manchester, Missouri, USA.,University Hospital of the North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Amir M Mohareb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mbaga DS, Bikoï JN, Okobalemba EA, Essindi JO, Mikangue CAM, Membangbi AE, Ngoutane A, Elang AF, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Sake CS, Mondinde GI, Kenmoe S, Essama SHR. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus antigen in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma at 12 th week of treatment: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:72. [PMID: 36590993 PMCID: PMC9789782 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.72.35450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction epidemiological data suggests that more than 50% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients fail treatment. The objective of the study was to highlight the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus antigen (HCV Ag) at the 12th week of treatment. Methods during a cross-sectional study, participants with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited between December 2020 and March 2022 at the Yaoundé General Hospital (HGY) and the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde (UTHY). Five millilitres of blood samples were taken from each consenting participant and then a qualitative search for HCV Ag by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) was performed. Analysis of the results was performed using SPSS Version 25.0 software. Results out of the 192 participants selected for the study, only 92 (47,9%) participants were at 12 weeks of treatment, including 69 (75%) participants positive for the hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) by RDT. Of these participants, 44 (47.8%) participants were positive for HCV Ag by ELISA, respectively 19/37 (51.3%), 14/19 (73.6%), 11/13 (84.6%) with chronic hepatitis (HC), Cirrhosis, and HCC (P<0.0001). Conclusion our results showed a high prevalence of HCV Ag in patients at their 12th week of treatment which predicts treatment failure and calls for public policy to develop new management strategies to prevent HCV treatment failure in our context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacky Njiki Bikoï
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | - Aïcha Ngoutane
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Study, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - George Ikomey Mondinde
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I (Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sara Honorine Riwom Essama
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Corresponding author: Sara Honorine Riwom Essama, Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Tietcheu BRG, Babai CN, Ngakou A. Seroprevalence, risk factors and impact of dengue fever/hepatitis B coinfection on liver function parameters in Cameroonian patients. Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 8:161-169. [PMID: 36092760 PMCID: PMC9442660 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2022.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue and hepatitis B are viral infections endemic to tropical areas with liver consequences. However, coinfection cases have been poorly documented worldwide and especially on the African continent. This study aimed at analysing the seroepidemiology of dengue-hepatitis B co-infection in patients recruited at the Regional Hospital of Ngaoundere (Cameroon). Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 225 patients, aged 15-55 years, enrolled at the Laboratory service of Ngaoundere Regional Hospital from 25 September to 10 December 2021. HBsAg and dengue infection were diagnosed using the serological rapid tests. Part of the blood samples was used to quantify lipid profile and liver function parameters. Results Of the 225 patients recruited, 22.22% (50) tested positive for hepatitis B and 18.18% (38/202) were positive for dengue fever, with a dengue-hepatitis B coinfection rate of 4.95% (10/202). Coinfected patients were not significantly associated with liver injury compared to monoinfected patients. However, they displayed a higher risk of presenting abnormal γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) (RR = 1.74, 90% vs. 51.51%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values (RR = 1.52, 60% vs. 39.39%) compared to the monoinfected group. Also, there was no difference in total and direct bilirubin between patient groups. The mean triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and coronary heart index values were higher in the coinfected group than in the monoinfected group, but without significance. Conclusions Taken altogether, these findings suggest that the presence of hepatitis B in dengue patients may slightly affect the liver's metabolic functions. Clinical surveillance of this coinfection is therefore required to avoid further liver complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borris Rosnay Galani Tietcheu
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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Wakjira M, Darega J, Oljira H, Tura MR. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Ambo town, Central Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Peliganga LB, Horta MAP, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Enduring Challenges despite Progress in Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Angola. Pathogens 2022; 11:225. [PMID: 35215168 PMCID: PMC8874832 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, with an incidence of 1.5 million and 0.8 million yearly deaths, which drives synergistic efforts towards its elimination. To assess the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1012 pregnant women in Angola to investigate HBV serological and molecular profiles. The prevalence of HBV was 8.7% (n = 88), with hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBc IgM) positivity identified in 12.8%, hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg) positivity in 30%, and HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL in 28.2%. Family tracking studied 44 children, of which 11 (25%) received at least two doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. HBV was detected in 10/44 (22.7%) children, with vaccination reported in one infected child. Further testing identified anti-HBc IgM positivity in 3/10 (30%), HBeAg positivity in 55%, and both seromarkers in 20%. The results revealed the importance of antenatal HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis for mothers with high viral loads or HBeAg positivity, and timely first-dose hepatitis B vaccines in newborns. Anti-HBc IgM positivity among pregnant women and children highlights prophylactic measures worth considering, including antenatal hepatitis B vaccination and catch-up vaccination to young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baião Peliganga
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Disease Control Department, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
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10
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Pandey S, Lohani P, Roy R, Bhar D, Ranjan A, Kumar P, Singh CM. Prevalence and knowledge of hepatitis B infection in pregnant women in a primary health center of Patna district, Bihar. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3675-3681. [PMID: 34934665 PMCID: PMC8653459 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_731_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a risk of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection to the newborn through perinatal transmission from a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mother that can later cause liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was undertaken in a primary health center (PHC)in the Patna district to determine the prevalence of HBV among pregnant women and assess their knowledge across different characteristics. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done among 275 pregnant women attending the PHC for the first time, using consecutive sampling. The study duration was 12 months. Socioeconomic, obstetric, risk history, and levels of knowledge about hepatitis B were collected followed by rapid diagnostic test (RDT)for serum HBsAg. Univariate analysis was used to compare the knowledge levels across different background characteristics. The significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Hepatitis B-positive pregnant women were 0.4%. Out of the 275 participants, only 43 had heard about hepatitis B. The mean knowledge score was 0.65 (±1.73) with 1.45% having adequate knowledge. The knowledge score was significant across education (P 0.040), category (P 0.022), hepatitis B immunization status (P 0.003), and risk factor (P 0.039). Conclusion: Knowledge was higher in the literate women belonging to the general category and higher social class, who received hepatitis B vaccination. However, the overall level of knowledge among the pregnant women was very poor, so they should be targeted for quality health education. Additionally, identifying the afflicted pregnant women through point-of-contact diagnosis will aid in community prevention of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ria Roy
- Department of CFM, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ditipriya Bhar
- Consultant, National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of CFM, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - C M Singh
- Department of CFM, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
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11
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Nlinwe NO, Lungle D. Risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal care unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2021; 2:100160. [PMID: 36101628 PMCID: PMC9461564 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Approximately 257 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) especially in the middle and low-income countries, despite the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021 which aims to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a common public health problem in Cameroon with a high prevalence among pregnant women. Therefore, this study was designed to assess risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal care unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Study design The study was a health facility-based cross-sectional study carried out from March to May 2020. The inclusion criteria were all pregnant women who came for their first visit. Methods A well-structured questionnaire and laboratory test methods were used to collect data from 221 pregnant women who were consecutively enrolled in the study. The OnSite HBsAg Rapid Test (source: CTK Biotech, Inc. REF: R0040), was used to detect HBsAg in serum. Both descriptive statistics and Chi-square (and Fisher's exact) test were used for data analysis. Results The prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women was 4.98% (11/221). Although knowledge, attitude and practice towards HBV by pregnant women were not significantly associated with the risk of infection, there were higher odds of poor practice (P = 0.0152) and attitudes (P = 0.0016) among those without knowledge on HBV infection. Conclusions Free of charge vaccination for those with negative HBsAg test results and extensive health education campaigns against HBV is recommended among pregnant women attending the antenatal care unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital.
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12
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Mutyoba JN, Surkan PJ, Makumbi F, Aizire J, Kirk GD, Ocama P, Atuyambe LM. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination for newborns in Uganda: A qualitative inquiry on pregnant women's perceptions, barriers and preferences. J Virus Erad 2021; 7:100039. [PMID: 34026246 PMCID: PMC8122110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa continues with very low hepatitis B (HBV) birth dose vaccination coverage. To guide policy on HBV vaccine for newborns, we explored perceptions, barriers and preferences of pregnant women regarding HBV and the HBV birth dose vaccination. METHODS We conducted eight focus groups discussions (FGDs) among 70 pregnant women, stratified by rural-urban residence, age and education level, using a structured focus group discussion guide to explore birth dose awareness, perceptions, barriers and preferences. Data were transcribed, coded and analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS Perceptions related to HBV and liver cancer causes and prevention were diverse; most FGD participants did not perceive illnesses as distinctly different. Older women-groups, both urban and rural, had never heard about HBV, but were aware of liver cancer, viewing the disease as fatal. No FGD participants were aware of HBV birth dose. Concerns included vaccine safety, its availability to women who deliver outside the health system and mistrust in health-care worker (HCWs) when handling newborns. Rural-dwelling groups perceived absence of HBV services, while FGDs with young participants believed vaccine side-effects hampered birth dose planning. Most women-groups preferred (i) oral to injectable vaccines; (ii) receiving birth dose education during antenatal, to media-based education; (iii) that newborns receive the birth dose immediately after delivery in the mother's presence. CONCLUSION Although the birth dose is acceptable among pregnant women, planners need to continuously engage them as key stakeholders during planning to address concerns, in order to raise confidence, maximize uptake and strengthen HBV eradication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Nankya Mutyoba
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pamela J. Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fredrick Makumbi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jim Aizire
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D. Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lynn M. Atuyambe
- Department of Community Health & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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13
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Dagnew M, Million Y, Destaw B, Adefris M, Moges F, Tiruneh M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors Towards Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Tertiary Hospitals in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:859-868. [PMID: 33116935 PMCID: PMC7585551 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s273560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem globally. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is high in endemic countries; however, little is known about pregnant women`s knowledge and attitudes regarding MTCT and prevention methods in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and associated factors of pregnant women towards MTCT of HBV and its prevention in three tertiary hospitals in the Amhara region, northwestern Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. A total of 1121 pregnant women participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitudes of pregnant women towards MTCT of HBV and its prevention. Data were analyzed using SPPS version 20. χ 2-test, multivariate logistic regression, Spearman correlation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis. RESULTS The majority of 89.6%; 95% CI (87.9-91.3%) pregnant women had poor knowledge of MTCT of HBV and its prevention. However, more than half of the study participants had favorable attitudes. Only 141 (12.6%) of the pregnant women knew that HBV transmitted from mother-to-child and 169 (15.1%) knew that HBV had a vaccine. There was a significant difference in attitude between the three hospitals (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, education, gravida and vaccination history were independent factors significantly associated with good knowledge and favorable attitudes while income and residence significantly associated only to knowledge and attitude, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The knowledge of pregnant women was found to be poor and their attitude was also limited to MTCT of HBV infection and its prevention. Educational status and vaccination history were predictors of knowledge and attitude, but income and residence only to knowledge and attitude, respectively. This study revealed a lack of knowledge in pregnant women for the prevention and control of MTCT of HBV. This calls for the Amhara Health Bureau and Ministry of Health to promote health education programs for pregnant women attending antenatal care on MTCT of HBV and its prevention methods to improve knowledge and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulat Dagnew
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yihenew Million
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikes Destaw
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Adefris
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Feleke Moges
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Tiruneh
- University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gondar, Ethiopia
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14
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Hepatitis B and C Viruses' Infection and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hospitals in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8848561. [PMID: 33133191 PMCID: PMC7568777 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8848561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis virus infection is a major public health burden and silent killer disease in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in three tertiary hospitals in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1121 pregnant women. Data on sociodemographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) using ELISA. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between factors associated with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis virus C infection. Results A total of 1121 pregnant women were included in the study. The mean age of study participants was 27.2 ± 4.8 yrs. The majority of pregnant women (895 (79.8%)) were from urban areas. The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody was 52 (4.6%) and 18 (1.6%), respectively. The coinfection rate of HBV/HCV was 1.4% (1/69). Ten (19.2%) of HBV positive cases were coinfected with HIV. There were no coinfections of HCV and HIV. Interestingly, pregnant women with a history of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.7–7.6), blood transfusion (AOR = 7.6, 95% CI, 2.9–16.9), family history of HBV (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI, 1.7–7.6), being HIV-positive (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI, 1–5.9), and tattooing (AOR = 2, 95% CI, 1–3.8) were significant predictors of HBV infection. Similarly, young age (17–25 yrs) (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.8–8.6) and no educational background (AOR = 5, 95 CI, 1.7–14.8) were significant predictors of HCV infection. Conclusions Hepatitis B and C viruses' infection was intermediate among pregnant women; some risk factors were significantly associated with the majority of cases. Infants born from these infected mothers are at risk of infection. This calls for screening and integration of HBV prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) into HIV. Thus, the provision of health education on hepatitis B and C viruses' transmission, vaccination, and screening of all pregnant women routinely are essential for the prevention of these viruses.
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Yengo CK, Torimiro J, Kowo M, Lebon PA, Tiedeu BA, Luma H, Njoya O, Rowland-Jones S, Yindom LM. Variation of HLA class I (-A and -C) genes in individuals infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus in Cameroon. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05232. [PMID: 33102855 PMCID: PMC7569220 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) work in concert with other immune factors to modulate immunity to viral infections. Extensive variation has been reported in the genetic sequences and functions of classical HLA class I genes in many (mostly Western) populations, and several HLA associations with infectious disease outcomes have been reported. Little is known about their role in the susceptibility or resistance to hepatitis viruses in Central African populations. The aim of this study was to determine variants of two HLA class I genes (HLA-A and -C) in adults infected with hepatitis B (HBV)- or -C (HCV) virus in Cameroon. In this case-control study, a total of 169 unrelated adults comprising 68 HCV-infected, 38 HBV-infected and 63 uninfected (controls) individuals participated. Each consented participant was screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and willingly donated a single blood sample for genomic DNA isolation and some clinical laboratory tests. HLA-A and HLA-C were genotyped using previously described sequence-based techniques (SBT). A total of 54 HLA alleles were identified in the study population (27 HLA-A and 27 HLA-C). HLA-A∗23:01 and HLA-C∗07:01 were the most common alleles with genotype frequencies of 31.4% and 29.3%, respectively. Hepatitis individuals were six times more likely to be HLA-A∗30:01 carriers than uninfected controls (OR = 6.30, p = 0.020 (HBV); OR = 6.21, p = 0.010 (HCV), respectively). Similarly, carriers of HLA-C∗17:01 were over-represented in the HBV-infected compared to the uninfected control group (21.9% vs. 6.4%, respectively) suggesting that this allele could play a role in the susceptibility to HBV infection. These findings demonstrate that carriers of HLA-A∗30:01 were over-represented in the hepatitis group compared to uninfected controls while HLA-C∗17:01 was completely absent in the HCV + group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clauvis Kunkeng Yengo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Judith Torimiro
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mathurin Kowo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Awoumou Lebon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Barbara Atogho Tiedeu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henry Luma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Oudou Njoya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sarah Rowland-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louis-Marie Yindom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Sonderup MW, Dusheiko G, Desalegn H, Lemoine M, Tzeuton C, Taylor-Robinson SD, Spearman CW. Hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa-How many patients need therapy? J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:560-567. [PMID: 31800145 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa with ~60 million people chronically infected. While prevention, through vaccination, is central to elimination strategies, only 11 countries have birth dose vaccination and full vaccine coverage remains at suboptimal levels. Furthermore, to fully realize elimination, those chronically infected need to be identified, assessed for therapy and then linked to care. Given current treatment criteria, the precise quantum of people warranting therapy, according to criteria, is essentially unknown. The issue is further complicated by data to suggest differences in the numbers of people requiring treatment when applying WHO as compared to European Association for the Study of the Liver, EASL, criteria. Optimal determination of treatment eligibility is further hindered by the lack of available tools to adequately assess individual patients. It is conceivable that accurately determining the number of those requiring treatment, given the heterogeneity of hepatitis B in Africa, is difficult. Better studies and data are required. More signifcantly, improved access and availability to the diagnostic tools needed to assess patients in additon to access to drugs are as, if not more important, to achieve elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Sonderup
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey Dusheiko
- Liver Unit, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Hailemichael Desalegn
- Medical Department, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Liver Unit, St Mary's Hospital NHS, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Tzeuton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Liver Unit, St Mary's Hospital NHS, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dortey BA, Anaba EA, Lassey AT, Damale NKR, Maya ET. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232208. [PMID: 32320459 PMCID: PMC7176112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. Though, the disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about its epidemiology among pregnant women in Ghana. This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital; Ghana's largest hospital. METHODS We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional survey among 232 antenatal attendants. Participants were recruited using systematic random sampling technique and screened with HBsAg Rapid Test. Data was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0. Results were presented using descriptive statistics, Fisher's Exact test and Logistic Regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-one (221) of the total sample (n = 232) agreed to participate in this study; representing a response rate of 95%. The mean age of the participants was 31 years and standard deviation of 5.3. The mean gestational period at recruitment was 28 weeks and standard deviation of 6.8. Majority of the participants were married (83.3%), parous (69.6%), educated (91.4%) and employed (90.5%). The prevalence of HBsAg was 7.7%. We found no significant association between socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and HBV infection. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence of 7.7% indicates moderate endemicity. Socio-demographic characteristics did not influence HBV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. The findings provide empirical evidence that will contribute to knowledge of HBV epidemiology in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Anongeba Anaba
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - A. T. Lassey
- University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - N. K. R. Damale
- University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ernest T. Maya
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
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