Evaluation of interleukin 8 and interleukin 10 cytokines in liquid based cervical cytology samples

Relationship between Monoclonal Gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma via online database analysis

Objective

To explore the relationship between Monoclonal Gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) based on bioinformatics methods.

Methods

In this study, we conducted bioinformatics to identify genes associated with MGUS and MM using the PubMed pubmed2ensemble (http://pubmed2ensembl.ls.manchester. ac.uk/) until 2021. Gene ontology function was used to label overlapping genes, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was used to identify enriched pathways. The cluster-1 genes obtained from Cytoscape were analyzed by Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD, http://ctdbase.org/) and then used to screen candidate drugs using the DSigDB database (https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Enrichr/).

Results

In total, 227 genes were common to both MGUS and MM. These genes were significantly associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network revealed that TNF, IL-1B, IL-6, CSF2, CXCL8, and IL-10 were among the core genes of MM. Finally, eight candidate drugs showed maximum interaction with core genes, which could potentially prevent MGUS from progressing to MM.

Conclusion

The progression of MGUS to MM is driven by aberrant cytokine secretion, which leads to inflammation immune dysfunction, and dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Interleukin 10 rs1800896 and interleukin 1B rs16944 polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between interleukin 10 (IL10) (rs1800896) and interleukin 1B (IL1B) (rs16944) genetic polymorphisms and the risk for cervical cancer in a cohort of women from Croatia.

METHODS

A case-control study of 81 patients with cervical cancer and 80 age-matched healthy controls was performed. We collected peripheral blood samples, extracted deoxiribonucleic acid (DNA), and analyzed two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1800896 and rs16944 using TaqMan assays (Fa. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We investigated a possible association between two cytokine genetic polymorphisms and the occurrence of cervical cancer.

RESULTS

Our results showed no significant difference in the frequency of IL10 (rs1800896) and IL1B (rs16944) genotypes between the patients and the controls (χ2 test, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

In this study, no association was found between IL10 rs1800896 and IL1B rs16944 polymorphisms and cervical cancer development.

Small secretory proteins of immune cells can modulate gynecological cancers

Small secretory proteins of immune cells are mostly Cytokines, which include chemokines, interleukins, interferons, lymphokines and tumor necrosis factors but not hormones or growth factors. These secretory proteins are the molecular messengers and primarily involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents. Hence, these proteins actually regulate the cells of immune system to communicate with one another to produce a synchronized, robust, still self-regulated response to a specific antigen. Chemokines are smaller secreted proteins that control overall immune cell movement and location; these chemokines are divided into 4 subgroups, namely, CXC, CC, CX3C and C according to the position of 4 conserved cysteine residues. Complete characterization of cytokines and chemokines can exploit their vast signaling networks to develop cancer treatments. These secretory proteins like IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNFα, CCL2, CXCL4 & CXCL8 are predominantly expressed in most of the gynecological cancers, which directly stimulate immune effector cells and stromal cells at the tumor site and augment tumor cell recognition by cytotoxic T-cells. Hence; these secretory proteins are the major regulators, which can actually modulate all kinds of gynecological cancers. Furthermore, advancements in adoptive T-cell treatment have relied on the use of multiple cytokines/chemokines to establish a highly regulated environment for anti-tumor T cell growth. A number of in vitro studies as well as animal models and clinical subjects have also shown that cytokines/chemokines have broad antitumor activity, which has been translated into a number of cancer therapy approaches. This review will focus on the foremost cytokines & chemokines involved in the majority of the gynecological malignancies and discuss their basic biology as well as clinical applications.

Interaction of cervical microbiome with epigenome of epithelial cells: Significance of inflammation to primary healthcare

One pillar of the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine framework strategies is the female health. The evaluation of women's lifestyle and dietary habits in context with genetic and modifiable risk factors may reflect the prevention of cervical cancer before the occurrence of clinical symptoms and prediction of cervical lesion behavior. The main aim of this review is to analyze publications in the field of precision medicine that allow the use of research knowledge of cervical microbiome, epigenetic modifications, and inflammation in potential application in clinical practice. Personalized approach in evaluating patient's risk of future development of cervical abnormality should consider the biomarkers of the local microenvironment characterized by the microbial composition, epigenetic pattern of cervical epithelium, and presence of chronic inflammation. Novel sequencing techniques enable a more detailed characterization of actual state in cervical epithelium. Better understanding of all changes in multiomics level enables a better assessment of disease prognosis and selects the eligible targeted therapy in personalized medicine. Restoring of healthy vaginal microflora and reversing the outbreak of cervical abnormality can be also achieved by dietary habits as well as uptake of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, microbial transplantation, and others.

miR‑302c‑3p and miR‑520a‑3p suppress the proliferation of cervical carcinoma cells by targeting CXCL8

The aim of the present study was to identify the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in cervical carcinoma (CC) tissues and cells and to explore the function of miR-302c-3p and miR-520a-3p in the proliferation of CC cells. Potential dysregulated miRNAs in CC tissues and tumour-adjacent tissues were detected. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression of miR-302c-3p, miR-520a-3p and CXCL8 in CC tissues and cell lines. The target genes of the miRNAs were predicted using miRTarBase and verified by luciferase reporter assays. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to measure the expression of C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)8 after transfection. The effect on proliferation was verified by Cell Counting Kit assay and ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine staining. Flow cytometry was utilised to assess the effect on apoptosis. In the present study, miR-302c-3p and miR-520a-3p were markedly downregulated in CC cell lines compared to the normal cervical cell line H8. Functionally, overexpression of miR-302c-3p and/or miR-520a-3p inhibited proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of CC cell lines in vitro, while the knockdown of miR-302c-3p and/or miR-520a-3p had the opposite effect. Furthermore, miR-302c-3p and miR-520a-3p could both bind to CXCL8. Inhibition of CXCL8 in combination with miR-302c-3p and/or miR-520a-3p overexpression exerted proliferation-suppressive and apoptosis-stimulating effects on CC cells, whereas restoring CXCL8 attenuated the miR-302c-3p- and miR-520a-3p-induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. miR-302c-3p and miR-520a-3p suppress the proliferation of CC cells by downregulating the expression of CXCL8, which may provide a novel target for the treatment of CC.

In situ immunopathological events in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: Review

Neoplasia of the cervix represents one of the most common cancers in women. Clinical and molecular research has identified immunological impairment in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. The in-situ expression of several cytokines by uterine epithelial cells and by infiltrating leukocytes occurs during the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Some of these cytokines can prevent and others can induce the progression of the neoplasm. The infiltrating leukocytes also produce cytokines and growth factors relate to angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and apoptosis capable of modulating the dysplasia progression. In this review we analyzed several interleukins with an inductive effect or blocking effect on the neoplastic progression. We also analyze the genetic polymorphism of some cytokines and their relationship with the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. In addition, we describe the leukocyte cells that infiltrate the cervical uterine tissue during the neoplasia and their effects on neoplasia progression.