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Fleur RS, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski J, Horton N, Reich L, Chavarro J, Hirschhorn J, Ziobrowski H, Field A. Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4113605. [PMID: 38562761 PMCID: PMC10984016 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4113605/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objectives We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex. Methods Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis. The childhood obesity phenotypes included an early puberty phenotype (females only), a mothers with obesity phenotype, a high weight concerns phenotype, and a mixed phenotype. Participants without overweight or obesity in childhood or adolescence were the reference group. We then used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to examine associations of childhood obesity phenotypes with incident hypertension between ages 20-35 years. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results Among females, participants in all of the empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were more likely than their peers without childhood overweight/obesity to develop hypertension in young adulthood (early puberty subtype odds ratio (OR) = 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75, 3.62; mothers with obesity (MO) subtype OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.93, 4.59; high weight concerns (WC) subtype OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.65, 3.28; mixed subtype OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.20). Among males, the childhood obesity phenotypes were associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension, although males in the MO (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.82, 3.87) and WC phenotypes (OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 2.38, 5.20) had a greater risk of developing hypertension than the mixed subtype (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.23, 1.86) (p = 0.004). Conclusion Risk for incident hypertension in young adulthood varied by childhood obesity phenotypes, as well as by biological sex. If replicated, these results may suggest that increased surveillance of specific childhood obesity phenotypes might help in targeting those at highest risk for hypertension.
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Liu K, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Liu J, Wen S. Association study of WNK1 genetic variants and essential hypertension risk in the Northern Han Chinese in Beijing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1234536. [PMID: 37779914 PMCID: PMC10541150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1234536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex disorder resulting from interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1) plays a very important role in maintaining renal potassium, sodium and chlorine ions balance as well as the regulation of blood pressure, so the WNK1 gene is considered a key gene for EH. This study thus sought to evaluate possible genetic associations between the WNK1 genetic variants and EH risk in the Northern Han Chinese population in Beijing. Methods: This study included 476 hypertensive subjects and 491 normotensive subjects. A total of 12 tag SNVs of WNK1 gene were genotyped successfully by TaqMan assay. Comparisons of the genotypic and allelic frequency between cases and controls were made by using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analyses were performed under different genetic models, and haplotype analysis was also conducted. Results: A total of 12 SNVs were identified as the tag SNVs for WNK1 gene. Significant associations were observed between WNK1 gene rs7305099 variant and EH risk, and T allele influenced hypertension risk in a protective manner. After correcting for multiple testing using Bonferroni, the significance remained for the SNV of rs7305099 in three genetic models [allele comparison, p < 0.0002, OR = 0.627, 95%CI (0.491-0.801); homozygote comparison, p < 0.0003, OR = 0.278, 95%CI (0.140-0.552); additive model, p < 0.0003, OR = 0.279, 95%CI (0.140-0.553)]. In the haplotype analyses, we found that the haplotype A-A-A-C-G-G-G was significantly associated with increased risk for EH (p = 0.043, OR = 1.23). Conclusion: Our data suggested that the rs7305099 genetic variant and the haplotype A-A-A-C-G-G-G on WNK1 gene might be associated with the susceptibility of EH in the Northern Han Chinese population. These could provide evidences to the risk assessment, early prevention and individualized therapy of EH to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jielin Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zuoguang Wang
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Wen
- Department of Hypertension Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jain N, Bedi M, Varshney V. A study of post exercise hypotension in normotensive offspring of hypertensives after acute exercise. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:311-316. [PMID: 37861625 PMCID: PMC10720957 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2952_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Post exercise hypotension (PEH) is a well-known entity in hypertensive and borderline hypertensive patients. Since the results are inconsistent in normotensives and there is a genetic predisposition of the individuals to hypertension, we hypothesized that PEH is expected to occur in those normotensives who are offspring of hypertensive parents. In this study, we therefore aimed to compare the magnitude of PEH after an acute bout of moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in the offspring of hypertensives vs. offspring of normotensives. Methods Sixty normotensive participants of both genders (male and female in equal proportion), aged 18-40 yr, were divided into two groups based on their family history of hypertension. The cases (Group 1, n=30) consisted of the normotensives who were offspring of hypertensive parents while the normotensives who were offspring of normotensive parents were taken as the controls (Group 2, n=30). The hypertensive patients were excluded from the study. The individuals underwent a control session (sitting at rest for 5-10 min), followed by a single acute bout of MICE based on the target heart rate (60-70% of maximum heart rate) on a treadmill at the same time of the day (in the morning). The pre- and post-exercise measurements (after 10 min post exercise) of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were taken in all the participants using mercury sphygmomanometer in sitting position on the left arm. The intergroup and intragroup net effects of exercise on BP were compared with P<0.05 considered significant. Results The mean SBP was reduced by 5 mmHg than the baseline in the offspring of hypertensives (cases) as compared to the controls after exercise (P=0.01). The fall in mean DBP and MAP was insignificant across both the groups, but the magnitude of PEH measured as delta changes (BP before and after exercise) in SBP (~5 mmHg) and MAP (~4 mmHg) were significantly higher for the cases as compared to the controls (P=0.01). Interpretation & conclusions PEH occurs in higher magnitude in normotensives who are genetically predisposed to hypertension, such as offspring of hypertensive parents, and may find regular exercise-induced PEH as an important primary preventive tool to prevent or delay the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Physiology, World College of Medical Science & Hospital, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Mona Bedi
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India
| | - V.P. Varshney
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India
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Shi J, Liu S, Guo Y, Liu S, Xu J, Pan L, Hu Y, Liu Y, Cheng Y. Association between eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism and hypertension: a meta-analysis involving 14,185 cases and 13,407 controls. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 34372765 PMCID: PMC8351409 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is a complex disease determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, eNOS is considered to be one of the susceptible genes for hypertension. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism and hypertension, and to provide evidence for the etiology of hypertension. METHODS Case-control studies of eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism and hypertension were included by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, WanFang datebase, Vip datebase, and CNKI database according to PRISMA guideline. Eligible data were extracted and pooled, and were analyzed using R software based on five different genetic models. RESULTS A total of 60 eligible articles involving 14,185 cases and 13,407 controls were finally selected. We found significant association between eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism and hypertension under any genetic model (T vs G: OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.26-1.63; GT vs GG: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18-1.52; TT vs GG: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.41-2.31; GT + TT vs GG: OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.25-1.63; TT vs GG + GT: OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35-2.08; GT vs GG + TT: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.40). CONCLUSIONS We found that eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of hypertension under any genetic model. Moreover, investigations of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are needed to give more insight into the association between eNOS rs1799983 polymorphism and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lingfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Department of Children and Adolescence Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yi Cheng
- The Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Abstract
The etiology of hypertension in children and adolescents is varied; however, the prevalence of pediatric primary hypertension is increasing. Early identification and appropriate management of hypertension in children and adolescents is important to prevent the development of hypertensive end organ disease. The 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents provide a comprehensive reference for evaluation and management of hypertension in this age group and should be used when assessing patients with elevated blood pressure and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Guzman-Limon
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3-121, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua Samuels
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3-121, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Shi J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Qiu S, Bai Y, Gu Y, Luo J, Cui H, Li Y, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Cheng Y. Association between ApoE polymorphism and hypertension: A meta-analysis of 28 studies including 5898 cases and 7518 controls. Gene 2018; 675:197-207. [PMID: 30180966 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, constituting an independent risk factor for many diseases. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic polymorphism and hypertension, and to provide evidence for the etiology of hypertension. Case-control studies of ApoE polymorphism and hypertension, which were included in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, WanFang, Vip, and CNKI information databases, were selected and evaluated according to criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Eligible data were extracted and pooled, and were analyzed and assessed using Stata 12.0. Random-effect models were used when heterogeneity existed in between-study, and fixed-effect models were applied otherwise. A total of 28 studies that consisted of 5898 cases with hypertension and 7518 controls were selected. Alleles and genotypes of ApoE between cases and controls were compared. For ApoE alleles, we observed the contrast of ApoE ε2 versus ε3 allele yielded a pooled OR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87-1.11; P = 0.823), whereas the contrast of ε4 versus ε3 allele yielded a pooled OR of 1.95 (95% CI: 1.50-2.54; P < 0.001). For ApoE genotypes, compared with ε3/ε3 genotype, genotypes (ε2/ε2 and ε2/ε3) showed a possible association with hypertension (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99; P = 0.033), and genotypes (ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4) had a 2.08-fold risk of developing hypertension (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.58-2.74; P < 0.001). There is the association between ApoE polymorphism and hypertension: the genotypes carrying ε2 allele may be a protective factor, and the ApoE ε4 allele and the genotypes carrying ε4 allele may be risk factors for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkai Liu
- The Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yulu Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Heran Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- The Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Ng FL, Boedtkjer E, Witkowska K, Ren M, Zhang R, Tucker A, Aalkjær C, Caulfield MJ, Ye S. Increased NBCn1 expression, Na+/HCO3- co-transport and intracellular pH in human vascular smooth muscle cells with a risk allele for hypertension. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:989-1002. [PMID: 28087731 PMCID: PMC5409084 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed an association between variation at the SLC4A7 locus and blood pressure. SLC4A7 encodes the electroneutral Na+/HCO3- co-transporter NBCn1 which regulates intracellular pH (pHi). We conducted a functional study of variants at this locus in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. In both cell types, we found genotype-dependent differences for rs13082711 in DNA-nuclear protein interactions, where the risk allele is associated with increased SLC4A7 expression level, NBCn1 availability and function as reflected in elevated steady-state pHi and accelerated recovery from intracellular acidosis. However, in the presence of Na+/H+ exchange activity, the SLC4A7 genotypic effect on net base uptake and steady-state pHi persisted only in vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells. We found no discernable effect of the missense polymorphism resulting in the amino acid substitution Glu326Lys. The finding of a genotypic influence on SLC4A7 expression and pHi regulation in vascular smooth muscle cells provides an insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the association of variation at the SLC4A7 locus with blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liang Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kate Witkowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Meixia Ren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Arthur Tucker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Aalkjær
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Tel: +44 2078823403; Fax: +44 2078823408; (M.J.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK. Tel: +44 1162044754; Fax: +44 1162875792; (S.Y.)
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease, Leicester, UK
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Tel: +44 2078823403; Fax: +44 2078823408; (M.J.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK. Tel: +44 1162044754; Fax: +44 1162875792; (S.Y.)
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González Silos R, Karadag Ö, Peil B, Fischer C, Kabisch M, Legrand C, Lorenzo Bermejo J. Using next-generation DNA sequence data for genetic association tests based on allele counts with and without consideration of zero inflation. BMC Proc 2016; 10:397-404. [PMID: 27980668 PMCID: PMC5133473 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-016-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between genetic variability and individual phenotypes is usually investigated by testing for association relying on called genotypes. Allele counts obtained from next-generation sequence data could be used for this purpose too. Genetic association can be examined by treating alternative allele counts (AACs) as the response variable in negative binomial regression. AACs from sequence data often contain an excess of zeros, thus motivating the use of Hurdle and zero-inflated models. Here we examine rough type I error rates and the ability to pick out variants with small probability values for 7 different testing approaches that incorporate AACs as an explanatory or as a response variable. Model comparisons relied on chromosome 3 DNA sequence data from 407 Hispanic participants in the Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Exploration by Next-generation sequencing in Ethnic Samples (T2D-GENES) project 1 with complete information on diastolic blood pressure and related medication. Our results suggest that in the investigation of the relationship between AAC as response variable and individual phenotypes as explanatory variable, Hurdle-negative binomial regression has some advantages. This model showed a good ability to discriminate strongly associated variants and controlled overall type I error rates. However, probability values from Hurdle-negative binomial regression were not obtained for approximately 25 % of the investigated variants because of convergence problems, and the mass of the probability value distribution was concentrated around 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa González Silos
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Özge Karadag
- Department of Statistics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800 Turkey
| | - Barbara Peil
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Christine Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany ; Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer (B072), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Carine Legrand
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
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Kohli S, Kumar R, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Pasha MAQ. Impact of interactions between risk alleles on clinical endpoints in hypertension. HEART ASIA 2016; 8:83-9. [PMID: 27326240 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2016-010723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impairment of the renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system (RAAS), one of the characteristics of essential hypertension (EH), imbalances vascular homeostasis. Despite inconsistent reports on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a major predictor of EH, interactions among RAAS genetic variants are rarely investigated. METHODS Using SNP markers, we studied potential interactions between angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II-type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and α adducin (ADD1) variants and their correlation with clinical endpoints in 545 individuals with hypertension and 400 age- and ethnicity-matched unrelated controls. Generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis identified the models for genotype interaction. RESULTS Although the results on single genes were significant, gene-gene interactions were more reliable and promising as markers in predisposing hypertension. The best models to represent association of multi-locus interactions with augmented hypertension susceptibility were: (a) within gene 4-locus model comprised of AGT SNPs -217G/A, -20A/C, -6G/A and 235M/T (p=0.022, OR 6.1); and (b) between genes 5-locus model comprised of AGT -217G/A, -20A/C, -6G/A, 235M/T and ACE I/D (p=0.05, OR 4.6). Stratification of 4- and 5-locus GMDR models on the basis of risk alleles from ≤1 to ≥7 increased the ORs from 2.8 to 36.1 and from 0.9 to 16.1, respectively. Moreover, compared to ≤1 risk alleles the ≥7 interacting risk alleles in both 4- and 5-locus models showed an increment of 14.2% and 11.1% in systolic blood pressure, 7.7% and 1.1% in diastolic blood pressure, and 10.5% and 5.1% in mean arterial pressure, respectively, in patients. CONCLUSIONS Interactions among the genetic loci of RAAS components may be used as a predictor for susceptibility to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kohli
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Cardiology , G.B. Pant Hospital , New Delhi, Delhi , India
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology , G.B. Pant Hospital , New Delhi, Delhi , India
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Yu B, Pulit SL, Hwang SJ, Brody JA, Amin N, Auer PL, Bis JC, Boerwinkle E, Burke GL, Chakravarti A, Correa A, Dreisbach AW, Franco OH, Ehret GB, Franceschini N, Hofman A, Lin DY, Metcalf GA, Musani SK, Muzny D, Palmas W, Raffel L, Reiner A, Rice K, Rotter JI, Veeraraghavan N, Fox E, Guo X, North KE, Gibbs RA, van Duijn CM, Psaty BM, Levy D, Newton-Cheh C, Morrison AC. Rare Exome Sequence Variants in CLCN6 Reduce Blood Pressure Levels and Hypertension Risk. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2016; 9:64-70. [PMID: 26658788 PMCID: PMC4771070 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare genetic variants influence blood pressure (BP). METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples from 17 956 individuals of European ancestry and African ancestry (14 497, first-stage discovery and 3459, second-stage discovery) to examine the effect of rare variants on hypertension and 4 BP traits: systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Tests of ≈170 000 common variants (minor allele frequency, ≥1%; statistical significance, P≤2.9×10(-7)) and gene-based tests of rare variants (minor allele frequency, <1%; ≈17 000 genes; statistical significance, P≤1.5×10(-6)) were evaluated for each trait and ancestry, followed by multiethnic meta-analyses. In the first-stage discovery, rare coding variants (splicing, stop-gain, stop-loss, nonsynonymous variants, or indels) in CLCN6 were associated with lower diastolic BP (cumulative minor allele frequency, 1.3%; β=-3.20; P=4.1×10(-6)) and were independent of a nearby common variant (rs17367504) previously associated with BP. CLCN6 rare variants were also associated with lower systolic BP (β=-4.11; P=2.8×10(-4)), mean arterial pressure (β=-3.50; P=8.9×10(-6)), and reduced hypertension risk (odds ratio, 0.72; P=0.017). Meta-analysis of the 2-stage discovery samples showed that CLCN6 was associated with lower diastolic BP at exome-wide significance (cumulative minor allele frequency, 1.1%; β=-3.30; P=5.0×10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate the effect of rare coding variants in CLCN6 in BP variation and offer new insights into BP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Sara L. Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul L. Auer
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gregory L. Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Albert W. Dreisbach
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georg B. Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan-Yu Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ginger A. Metcalf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Leslie Raffel
- Medical Genetics Research Institute & UCLA Clinical & Translational Science Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alex Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | - Ervin Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor- University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology & Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Health Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge
- Cardiovascular Research Center & Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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11
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Li Q, Sun L, Du J, Ran P, Gao T, Yuan Y, Xiao C. Risk given by AGT polymorphisms in inducing susceptibility to essential hypertension among isolated populations from a remote region of China: A case-control study among the isolated populations. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:1202-17. [PMID: 26391364 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315606315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a serious risk factor affecting up to 30% of the world's population with a heritability of more than 30-50%. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the polymorphisms localized in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, a main component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in inducing the susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH) among isolated populations (Yi and Hani minorities) with low prevalence rate from the remote region of Yunnan in China. METHODS A case-control association study was performed, and all subjects were genotyped for the seven single nucleotide polymorphisms localized in the AGT region by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Three polymorphisms, i.e. rs5046, rs5049, and rs2478544, were significantly associated with EH among the Hani minority. The associations, found in the Yi minority, did not reach a conclusive level of statistical significance. The polymorphisms of rs2478544 and rs5046 caused the transformations of exonic splicing enhancer sites and transcription factor binding sites, respectively, in the bioinformatic analyses. The haplotype-rs5046T, rs5049A, rs11568020G, rs3789679C, rs2478544C was susceptible for EH among the Hani minority. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the AGT polymorphisms have played a vital role in determining an individual's susceptibility to EH among the isolated population, which would be helpful for EH management in the remote mountainous region of Yunnan in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Du
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tangxin Gao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuncang Yuan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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12
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Abstract
There is growing concern about elevated blood pressure (BP) in children. The evidence for familial aggregation of childhood BP is substantial. Twin studies have shown that a large part of the familial aggregation of childhood BP is due to genes. The first part of this review provides the latest progress in gene finding for childhood BP, focusing on the combined effects of multiple loci identified from the genome-wide association studies on adult BP. We further review the evidence on the contribution of the genetic components of other family risk factors to the familial aggregation of childhood BP including obesity, birth weight, sleep quality, sodium intake, parental smoking, and socioeconomic status. At the end, we emphasize the promise of using genomic-relatedness-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) analysis, a method that uses genome-wide data from unrelated individuals, in answering a number of unsolved questions in the familial aggregation of childhood BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, HS-1640, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA,
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13
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Rossier BC, Baker ME, Studer RA. Epithelial sodium transport and its control by aldosterone: the story of our internal environment revisited. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:297-340. [PMID: 25540145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription and translation require a high concentration of potassium across the entire tree of life. The conservation of a high intracellular potassium was an absolute requirement for the evolution of life on Earth. This was achieved by the interplay of P- and V-ATPases that can set up electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane, an energetically costly process requiring the synthesis of ATP by F-ATPases. In animals, the control of an extracellular compartment was achieved by the emergence of multicellular organisms able to produce tight epithelial barriers creating a stable extracellular milieu. Finally, the adaptation to a terrestrian environment was achieved by the evolution of distinct regulatory pathways allowing salt and water conservation. In this review we emphasize the critical and dual role of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in the control of the ionic composition of the extracellular fluid and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in salt and water conservation in vertebrates. The action of aldosterone on transepithelial sodium transport by activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane and that of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase at the basolateral membrane may have evolved in lungfish before the emergence of tetrapods. Finally, we discuss the implication of RAAS in the origin of the present pandemia of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Rossier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A Studer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Heritability of blood pressure through latent curve trajectories in families from the Gubbio population study. J Hypertens 2014; 32:2179-87. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Padma G, Swapna N, Mamata M, Charita B, Padma T. Risk conferred by tagged SNPs of AGT gene in causing susceptibility to essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 36:579-85. [PMID: 24490766 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2014.881845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Introduction: AGT gene harbors several variants of which 21 are found to be in high linkage disequilibrium as per Hapmap database. Studies delineating the importance of these tagged SNPs are very limited and lacking from Indian population. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of four tagged SNPs namely, g.6635G > A, g.6506G > A, g.12840G > A, and g.13828T > C at AGT locus along with the analyses of haplotype and epistatic interactions in causing susceptibility to essential hypertension (EHT). METHODS About 215 hypertensives and 230 normotensives were genotyped for selected tagged SNPs using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Significant association was obtained for g.6635G > A and g.6506G > A polymorphisms wherein GG homozygotes for both the markers were at risk for developing the condition. g.13828T > C polymorphism specially, female heterozygotes (TC) were found to be at increased risk for EHT. Haplotype GGGC was found to have a significant protective effect (p = 0.0059). Markers g.6506G > A and g.12840G > A resulted in the creation of new enhancer sites thereby affecting splicing process. CONCLUSION The present report is the first one in the literature showing general- and gender-specific association of g.6506G > A and g.13828T > C polymorphisms, respectively, with EHT. However, further studies for replication of present observations are warranted from other populations and other parts of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Padma
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University , Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh , India and
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16
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Kasiman K, Lundholm C, Sandin S, Malki N, Sparén P, Ingelsson E. Common Familial Effects on Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2014; 1:3. [PMID: 26664855 PMCID: PMC4668847 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies suggest some overlap of genetic determinants of ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to assess shared familial risk between IS and MI in a large, population-wide cohort study. METHODS Study participants free of IS and MI and their affected siblings were extracted from the Swedish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death Registers between 1987 and 2007, forming an exposed sib-pair. They were matched by birth year of both siblings and calendar period to up to five unexposed sib-pairs. Stratified Cox regression analyses were used to assess familial risk of MI and IS in those exposed to having a sibling with IS (n = 31,659) and MI (n = 62,766), respectively, compared to unexposed (n = 143,728 and 265,974). RESULTS The overall risk of MI when exposed to having a sibling with IS was statistically significantly increased (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.34-1.55, p < 0.001) to a similar extent as risk of IS when exposed to having a sibling with MI (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.32-1.50, p < 0.001). The familial risks were similar in full siblings for both groups (RR for MI, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.35-1.58, p < 0.001; and RR for IS, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.30-1.40, p < 0.001) and half siblings (RR for MI, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.59, p < 0.001; and RR for IS, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This large, population-wide study indicates that there is considerable overlap of familial risk between IS and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kasiman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Cecilia Lundholm
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ninoa Malki
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Pär Sparén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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17
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Sachdev PS, Lee T, Wen W, Ames D, Batouli AH, Bowden J, Brodaty H, Chong E, Crawford J, Kang K, Mather K, Lammel A, Slavin MJ, Thalamuthu A, Trollor J, Wright MJ. The contribution of twins to the study of cognitive ageing and dementia: the Older Australian Twins Study. Int Rev Psychiatry 2013; 25:738-47. [PMID: 24423226 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2013.870137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) is a major longitudinal study of twins, aged ≥ 65 years, to investigate genetic and environmental factors and their interactions in healthy brain ageing and neurocognitive disorders. The study collects psychiatric, neuropsychological, cardiovascular, metabolic, biochemical, neuroimaging, genomic and proteomic data, with two-yearly assessments, and is currently in its third wave. The initial cohort comprises 623 individuals (161 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic twin pairs; 1 MZ triplets; 27 single twins and 23 non-twin siblings), of whom 426 have had wave 2 assessment. A number of salient findings have emerged thus far which assist in the understanding of genetic contributions to cognitive functions such as processing speed, executive ability and episodic memory, and which support the brain reserve hypothesis. The heritability of brain structures, both cortical and subcortical, brain spectroscopic metabolites and markers of small vessel disease, such as lacunar infarction and white matter hyperintensities, have been examined and can inform future genetic investigations. Work on amyloid imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging is proceeding and epigenetic studies are progressing. This internationally important study has the potential to inform research into cognitive ageing in the future, and offers an excellent resource for collaborative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Kensington, New South Wales
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18
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Association of variants in NEDD4L with blood pressure response and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients treated with thiazide diuretics. J Hypertens 2013; 31:698-704. [PMID: 23353631 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835e2a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NEDD4L may influence the ability of the NEDD4L protein to reduce epithelial sodium channel expression. A variant in NEDD4L, rs4149601, was associated with antihypertensive response and cardiovascular outcomes during treatment with thiazide diuretics and β-blockers in a Swedish population. We sought to further evaluate associations between NEDD4L polymorphisms, blood pressure response and cardiovascular outcomes with thiazide diuretics and β-blockers. METHODS Four SNPs, rs4149601, rs292449, rs1008899 and rs75982813, were genotyped in 767 patients from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) clinical trial and association was assessed with blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol. One SNP, rs4149601, was also genotyped in 1345 patients from the International Verapmil SR Trandolapril Study (INVEST), and association was examined with adverse cardiovascular outcomes relative to hydrochlorothiazide treatment. RESULTS Significant associations or trends were found between rs4149601, rs292449, rs75982813 and rs1008899 and decreases in blood pressure in whites on hydrochlorothiazide, and a significant association was observed with increasing copies of the GC rs4149601-rs292449 haplotype and greater blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide in whites (P = 0.0006 and 0.006, SBP and DBP, respectively). Significant associations were also seen with rs4149601 and an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in whites not treated with hydrochlorothiazide [P = 0.022, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 10.65 (1.18-96.25)]. CONCLUSION NEDD4L rs4149601, rs292449 and rs75982813 may be predictors for blood pressure response to hydrochlorothiazide in whites, and NEDD4L rs4149601 may be a predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in whites not treated with hydrochlorothiazide.
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19
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Kumar R, Kohli S, Alam P, Barkotoky R, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Jain SK, Pasha MAQ. Interactions between the FTO and GNB3 genes contribute to varied clinical phenotypes in hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63934. [PMID: 23691120 PMCID: PMC3653800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes FTO and GNB3 are implicated in essential hypertension but their interaction remains to be explored. This study investigates the role of interaction between the two genes in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a case-control study comprising 750 controls and 550 patients, interaction between the polymorphisms of FTO and GNB3 was examined using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). The influence of interaction on clinical phenotypes like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and body mass index was also investigated. The 3-locus MDR model comprising FTO rs8050136C/A and GNB3 rs1129649T/C and rs5443C/T emerged as the best disease conferring model. Moreover, the interacted-genotypes having either 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 risk alleles correlated with linearly increasing odds ratios of 1.91 (P = 0.027); 3.93 (P = 2.08E-06); 4.51 (P = 7.63E-07); 7.44 (P = 3.66E-08) and 11.57 (P = 1.18E-05), respectively, when compared with interacted-genotypes devoid of risk alleles. Furthermore, interactions among haplotypes of FTO (H1-9) and GNB3 (Ha-d) differed by >1.5-fold for protective-haplotypes, CTGGC+TC [H2+Ha] and CTGAC+TC [H4+Ha] (OR = 0.39, P = 0.003; OR = 0.22, P = 6.86E-05, respectively) and risk-haplotypes, AAAGC+CT [H3+Hc] and AAAGC+TT [H3+Hd] (OR = 2.91, P = 9.98E-06; OR = 2.50, P = 0.004, respectively) compared to individual haplotypes. Moreover, the effectiveness of gene-gene interaction was further corroborated with a 1.29-, 1.25- and 1.38-fold higher SBP, MAP and BMI, respectively, in patients having risk interacted-haplotype H3+Hc and 2.48-fold higher SBP having risk interacted-haplotype H3+Hd compared to individual haplotypes. CONCLUSION Interactions between genetic variants of FTO and GNB3 influence clinical parameters to augment hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Samantha Kohli
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Perwez Alam
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, G. B. Pant hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, G. B. Pant hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S. K. Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - M. A. Qadar Pasha
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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20
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Jacobson KC, Hoffman CL, Vasilopoulos T, Kremen WS, Panizzon MS, Grant MD, Lyons MJ, Xian H, Franz CE. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis. ANTHROZOOS 2012; 25:441-456. [PMID: 25580056 PMCID: PMC4286882 DOI: 10.2752/175303712x13479798785814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in frequency of play with pets among adult men. Participants were from the ongoing longitudinal Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA), a population-based sample of 1,237 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins aged 51-60 years. Results demonstrate that MZ twins have higher correlations than DZ twins on frequency of pet play, suggesting that genetic factors play a role in individual differences in interactions with pets. Structural equation modeling revealed that, according to the best model, genetic factors accounted for as much as 37% of the variance in pet play, although the majority of variance (63-71%) was due to environmental factors that are unique to each twin. Shared environmental factors, which would include childhood exposure to pets, overall accounted for <10% of the variance in adult frequency of pet play, and were not statistically significant. These results suggest that the effects of childhood exposure to pets on pet ownership and interaction patterns in adulthood may be mediated primarily by genetically-influenced characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen C Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Christy L Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Terrie Vasilopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA ; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hong Xian
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
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21
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Juhola J, Oikonen M, Magnussen CG, Mikkilä V, Siitonen N, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Würtz P, Gidding SS, Taittonen L, Seppälä I, Jula A, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JS, Juonala M, Raitakari OT. Childhood Physical, Environmental, and Genetic Predictors of Adult Hypertension. Circulation 2012; 126:402-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.085977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Hypertension is a major modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The present longitudinal study aimed to examine the best combination of childhood physical and environmental factors to predict adult hypertension and furthermore whether newly identified genetic variants for blood pressure increase the prediction of adult hypertension.
Methods and Results—
The study cohort included 2625 individuals from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who were followed up for 21 to 27 years since baseline (1980; age, 3–18 years). In addition to dietary factors and biomarkers related to blood pressure, we examined whether a genetic risk score based on 29 newly identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms enhances the prediction of adult hypertension. Hypertension in adulthood was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg or medication for the condition. Independent childhood risk factors for adult hypertension included the individual's own blood pressure (
P
<0.0001), parental hypertension (
P
<0.0001), childhood overweight/obesity (
P
=0.005), low parental occupational status (
P
=0.003), and high genetic risk score (
P
<0.0001). Risk assessment based on childhood overweight/obesity status, parental hypertension, and parental occupational status was superior in predicting hypertension compared with the approach using only data on childhood blood pressure levels (C statistics, 0.718 versus 0.733;
P
=0.0007). Inclusion of both parental hypertension history and data on novel genetic variants for hypertension further improved the C statistics (0.742;
P
=0.015).
Conclusions—
Prediction of adult hypertension was enhanced by taking into account known physical and environmental childhood risk factors, family history of hypertension, and novel genetic variants. A multifactorial approach may be useful in identifying children at high risk for adult hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Juhola
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Mervi Oikonen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Vera Mikkilä
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Niina Siitonen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Eero Jokinen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Peter Würtz
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Samuel S. Gidding
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Leena Taittonen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Mika Kähönen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Jorma S.A. Viikari
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Markus Juonala
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- From the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J., M.O., C.G.M., N.S., M.J., O.T.R.), Department of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.), and Department of Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (V.M.); Children's Hospital,
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Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring blood pressure in late adolescence. J Hypertens 2012; 30:693-9. [PMID: 22388229 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835168f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with elevated offspring blood pressure during childhood. We aimed to investigate whether this association remained in late adolescence and, if so, whether it could be attributed to an intrauterine effect or to familial confounding. METHODS We used a national cohort of 87,223 young Swedish men born between 1983 and 1988 with information on both maternal smoking during pregnancy and blood pressure at military conscription. The cohort included 780 full brothers discordant for maternal smoking. Generalized estimation equations were used to estimate regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS We found a small but significant increase in both SBP and DBP for young men whose mothers had been daily smokers during pregnancy compared with sons of nonsmoking mothers: 0.26 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.44) and 0.45 mmHg (95% CI 0.31 to 0.59) for SBP and DBP, respectively. In a within-sibling analysis comparing full brothers discordant for maternal smoking exposure, point estimates were similar but not statistically significant: 0.85 (95% CI -0.19 to 1.90) for DBP and 0.81 (-0.56 to 2.19) for SBP. CONCLUSION Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a small but statistically significant increase in offspring blood pressure in late adolescence. Because the association does not appear to be explained by familial confounding, our results support an intrauterine effect of prenatal smoking exposure on blood pressure in late adolescence.
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Genetic variants in serum and glucocortocoid regulated kinase 1, a regulator of the epithelial sodium channel, are associated with ischaemic stroke. J Hypertens 2011; 29:884-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283455117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Heritability of arterial function, fitness, and physical activity in youth: a study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. J Pediatr 2010; 157:943-8. [PMID: 20638076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the role of heredity in determining flow-mediated dilation in young people by comparing conduit artery endothelial function in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. We also determined relationships between physical activity and fitness in each twin subset. STUDY DESIGN Flow-mediated dilation was assessed with high-resolution ultrasonography of the brachial artery in 22 twin pairs (11 monozygotic pairs 13.3 ± 1.6 years, 11 dizygotic pairs 13.6 ± 1.6 years). Fitness was assessed as peak oxygen uptake during an incremental treadmill test. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry. Twin versus twin intraclass correlations were performed for both groups. RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation was significantly correlated in monozygotic twins only (r = 0.60, P = .02). Heritability of flow-mediated dilation was estimated at 0.44. Total PA time (monozygotic r = 0.77, dizygotic r = 0.60, P < .05) and light physical activity time (monozygotic r = 0.67, dizygotic r = 0.63, P < .05) correlated significantly in both groups. The peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.84, P < .01) was correlated only in monozygotic twins. CONCLUSION Genetic factors appear to be responsible for a modest portion of the flow-mediated dilation response, suggesting that flow-mediated dilation can be influenced by environmental factors.
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Pruchno RA, Wilson-Genderson M, Rose M, Cartwright F. Successful Aging: Early Influences and Contemporary Characteristics. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2010; 50:821-33. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnq041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Niu W, Qi Y, Qian Y, Gao P, Zhu D. The relationship between apolipoprotein E ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 polymorphisms and hypertension: a meta-analysis of six studies comprising 1812 cases and 1762 controls. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:1060-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Genetic variants in mitochondrial tRNA genes are associated with essential hypertension in a Chinese Han population. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 410:64-9. [PMID: 19778529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of multiple factors contributing to essential hypertension, mitochondrial variants exhibited the trends for serving as molecular and genetic markers for the disease in last five years. However, previous studies focused on African-American or Caucasian pedigrees, knowledge of mitochondrial tRNA genes and population-based Chinese hypertensives were limited. METHODS We performed sequence analysis in tRNA genes, hot spots for cardiovascular diseases, in 270 Chinese Han essential hypertensives and 270 controls. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were immortalized by transformation with the Epstein-Barr virus. Rates of oxygen consumption in intact cells were determined with a YSI 5300 oxygraph (Yellow Springs Instruments) on samples, harboring variants in tRNA genes. RESULTS There were 26 variants in tRNA genes that were found in hypertensives and these variants were not in controls. Functional analysis found that these variants may lead to deficiencies in tRNA 3' end metabolism and/or impairment of critical subunits of the respiratory chain. Most importantly, the oxygen consumption rate in cells harboring variants T4454C (P=0.0010) and A4263G (P=0.0001) decreased as compared to the average level of control cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Variants located in mitochondrial tRNA genes may have biologic plausibility to implicate in the pathogenesis of Chinese essential hypertension.
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Age-dependent increase in blood pressure in two different Native American communities in Brazil. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1753-60. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832e0b2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A novel locus for arterial hypertension on chromosome 1p36 maps to a metabolic syndrome trait cluster in the Sorbs, a Slavic population isolate in Germany. J Hypertens 2009; 27:983-90. [PMID: 19373111 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328328123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide linkage studies and genome-wide association studies have not as yet identified major genes contributing to primary hypertension in the general population. This state-of-affairs suggests considerable heterogeneity with small contributing effects for primary hypertension, or other complex genetic traits, in outbred populations. Isolated populations, as recent data from Iceland and French Canada suggest, could offer a solution to this problem. METHODS We studied a Slavic isolate in Germany, the Sorbs, and genotyped 1040 polymorphic microsatellite markers in 87 multigeneration families. RESULTS Our genome-wide linkage scan revealed a locus on chromosome 1p36.13 at D1S3669-D1S2826 (40.95 cM Marshfield coordinates; logarithm of the odds = 3.45, nominal P = 0.00003) that reached genome-wide significance (P = 0.004), indicating the increased power in isolated populations. The chromosome 1 locus maps to a region in which traits such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity and BMI cluster. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that this locus contributes to the metabolic syndrome, and that further attention in this and other populations is warranted.
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Bilusić M, Moreno C, Barreto NE, Tschannen MR, Harris EL, Porteous WK, Thompson CM, Grigor MR, Weder A, Boerwinkle E, Hunt SC, Curb JD, Jacob HJ, Kwitek AE. Genetically hypertensive Brown Norway congenic rat strains suggest intermediate traits underlying genetic hypertension. Croat Med J 2009; 49:586-99. [PMID: 18925692 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2008.5.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the independent and combined effects of three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for blood pressure in the Genetically Hypertensive (GH/Omr) rat by generating and characterizing single and combined congenic strains that have QTL on rat chromosomes (RNO) 2, 6, and 18 from the GH rat introduced into a hypertension resistant Brown Norway (BN) background. METHODS Linkage analysis and QTL identification (genome wide QTL scan) were performed with MapMaker/EXP to build the genetic maps and MapMaker/QTL for linking the phenotypes to the genetic map. The congenic strains were derived using marker-assisted selection strategy from a single male F1 offspring of an intercross between the male GH/Omr and female BN/Elh, followed by 10 generations of selective backcrossing to the female BN progenitor strain. Single congenic strains generated were BN.GH-(D2Rat22-D2Mgh11)/Mcwi (BN.GH2); BN.GH-(D6Mit12-D6Rat15)/Mcwi (BN.GH6); and BN.GH-(D18Rat41-D18Mgh4)/Mcwi (BN.GH18). Blood pressure measurements were obtained either via a catheter placed in the femoral artery or by radiotelemetry. Responses to angiotensin II (ANGII), norepinephrine (NE), and baroreceptor sensitivity were measured in the single congenics. RESULTS Transferring one or more QTL from the hypertensive GH into normotensive BN strain was not sufficient to cause hypertension in any of the developed congenic strains. There were no differences between the parental and congenic strains in their response to NE. However, BN.GH18 rats revealed significantly lower baroreceptor sensitivity (beta=-1.25-/+0.17), whereas BN.GH2 (beta=0.66-/+0.09) and BN.GH18 (beta=0.71-/+0.07) had significantly decreased responses to ANGII from those observed in the BN (beta=0.88-/+0.08). CONCLUSION The failure to alter blood pressure levels by introducing the hypertensive QTL from the GH into the hypertension resistant BN background suggests that the QTL effects are genome background-dependent in the GH rat. BN.GH2 and BN.GH18 rats reveal significant differences in response to ANGII and impaired baroreflex sensitivity, suggesting that we may have captured a locus responsible for the genetic control of baroreceptor sensitivity, which would be considered an intermediate phenotype of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijo Bilusić
- Trinitas Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Seton Hall University, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
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Su TC, Hwang LC, You SL, Chen CJ. Ethnic variation in hypertension prevalence of women in Taiwan. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 23:160-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential for gene x environment interaction in hypertension by examining the extent to which educational attainment modifies the heritability of hypertension in male twins. Prior twin and family studies have established that hypertension runs in families and is heritable. In addition, epidemiological research indicates that the prevalence of hypertension differs by socioeconomic factors, such as educational attainment. METHODS Twin structural equation modeling was used to examine educational attainment as a moderator of heritability of hypertension. Participants were 4301 monozygotic and 3414 dizygotic male Vietnam-era twins who provided data on both education (in years) and self-report of physician diagnosis of hypertension or medication usage. RESULTS Heritability was 17 points lower among co-twins concordant for educational attainment of < or =14 years (0.46, 95% CI = 0.32-0.57) relative to co-twins concordant for >14 years of education (0.63, 95% CI = 0.54-0.71). The significant moderation of the heritability (p = .04) was confirmed in twin models examining educational attainment as a continuous moderator of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the expression of genetic vulnerability to hypertension can vary as a function of environmental factors, including education level, and that nongenetic pathways may differentially contribute to risk among those with fewer years of education.
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Peeters MW, Thomis MA, Loos RJ, Derom CA, Fagard R, Vlietinck RF, Beunen GP. Clustering of metabolic risk factors in young adults: Genes and environment. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Charchar FJ, Zimmerli LU, Tomaszewski M. The pressure of finding human hypertension genes: new tools, old dilemmas. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 22:821-8. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baker M, Rahman T, Hall D, Avery PJ, Mayosi BM, Connell JMC, Farrall M, Watkins H, Keavney B. The C-532T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene is associated with pulse pressure: a possible explanation for heterogeneity in genetic association studies of AGT and hypertension. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36:1356-62. [PMID: 17998241 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many previous studies have investigated whether there is an association between genotypes at the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and hypertensive status, but few have incorporated quantitative data. Although meta-analyses support a possible effect of AGT variants on blood pressure (BP), substantial unexplained between-study heterogeneity has been observed. We hypothesized that a primary effect of AGT variants on arterial stiffness (and thus pulse pressure) might explain such heterogeneity, and tested for such an effect in a family study. METHODS We studied 1425 individuals from 248 families ascertained through a proband with essential hypertension. BP was measured using 24 h ambulatory monitoring, and polymorphisms of the AGT gene that had been previously associated with hypertension and/or plasma angiotensinogen levels were typed. Pulse pressure was used as a measurement of arterial stiffness. RESULTS We observed a highly significant association between genotypes at the AGT C-532T polymorphism and pulse pressure (p = 0.00006). Each T allele was associated with a 5% lower pulse pressure (that is, an additive effect). This resulted from opposing genotypic effects to (slightly) lower systolic BP and (slightly) elevate DBP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that genetic variation at the angiotensinogen locus may primarily affect arterial stiffness, and therefore pulse pressure. The heterogeneity between previous genetic studies of AGT and hypertension status could in part be explained by this finding, since case selection criteria based on systolic BP, diastolic BP, or both would result in different levels of selection for the -532T allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Baker
- The Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, UK
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Büsst CJ, Scurrah KJ, Ellis JA, Harrap SB. Selective Genotyping Reveals Association Between the Epithelial Sodium Channel γ-Subunit and Systolic Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2007; 50:672-8. [PMID: 17698725 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.089128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systolic blood pressure is determined in large part by genes. Six independent studies have reported evidence of linkage between systolic pressure and chromosome 16p12 that incorporatesSCNN1G, the gene encoding the γ-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. We undertook the first comprehensive association analysis ofSCNN1Gand systolic pressure. To achieve genetic contrast, we sampled unrelated subjects within the upper (mean: 166 mm Hg; n=96) and lower (mean: 98 mm Hg; n=94) 10% of the systolic pressure distribution of 2911 subjects from the Victorian Family Heart Study. We examined genotypes and haplotypes related to 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms acrossSCNN1Gand its promoter. Each of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs13331086,rs11074553, andrs4299163) in introns 5 and 6 showed evidence of association with systolic pressure in logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Considered as a haplotype block, these single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with systolic pressure (haplo.score global:P=0.0001). In permutation analyses to account for multiple testing, a result such as this was observed only once in 10 000 permutations. The estimated frequency of 1 haplotype (TGC) was substantially greater in high (13.3%) than low (0.6%) systolic pressure subjects (P=0.0001). Three other haplotypes (TGG, TAC, and GGC) showed associations with high or low systolic pressure consistent with the observed associations of their composite alleles. These findings identify relatively common polymorphisms in theSCNN1Ggene that are associated with high systolic blood pressure in the general Australian white population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Büsst
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Essential hypertension affects more than 20% of the adult population, and has a multifactorial origin arising from an interaction between susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Several strategies have been used to identify hypertension susceptibility genes. This review highlights recent efforts in genetic dissection of essential hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, further chromosomal regions harboring blood pressure loci have emerged in genome-wide linkage studies. Findings from a new systematic two-dimensional genome scan are presented, as well as sex-specific loci linked to hypertension in inbred rodent models. Many case-control association studies have been carried out, but results so far have been equivocal. This review discusses some interesting studies combining linkage and association strategies using gene-gene interactions, and studies the use of haplotypes instead of SNPs. Two novel hypertension susceptibility genes are presented, and a short summary on new insights into genes of the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic systems is given. SUMMARY To date, linkage and association studies have not been convincing. Genome-wide association studies may prove to be an effective approach to the problems posed by complex traits. Combined with candidate gene approaches, it is hoped this strategy will yield convincing evidence for genes associated with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Binder
- Department of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature regarding the familial heritability of heart failure and to discuss the possible mechanisms through which this risk is mediated. RECENT FINDINGS Data from the Framingham Heart Study recently showed that the parental occurrence of heart failure increases the risk of heart failure in offspring. Although the mechanisms mediating this increased risk are not elucidated, heritable risks of heart failure may result from genes affecting the cardiac or vascular systems. Alternatively, familial risk may be mediated partly through the inheritance of recognized or as yet unidentified risk factors for heart failure. Heritable components or genetic loci for quantitative traits contribute to the development of hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease, and metabolic conditions, which collectively increase the risk of heart failure. SUMMARY A careful assessment of the family history of heart failure and associated risk factors may identify treatable targets that can potentially reduce the likelihood of developing heart failure, and can assist in the implementation of preventive strategies for risk populations with stages A and B heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam M Abdel-Qadir
- Faculty of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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O'Leary DD, Hughson RL, Shoemaker JK, Greaves DK, Watenpaugh DE, Macias BR, Hargens AR. Heterogeneity of responses to orthostatic stress in homozygous twins. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 102:249-54. [PMID: 17008441 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00240.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early analysis into the role of genetics on cardiovascular regulation has been accomplished by comparing blood pressure and heart rate in homozygous twins during unstressed, resting physiological conditions. However, many variables, including cognitive and environmental factors, contribute to the regulation of cardiovascular hemodynamics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamic response of identical twins to an orthostatic stress, ranging from supine rest to presyncope. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, middle cerebral artery blood velocity, an index of cerebrovascular resistance, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured in 16 healthy monozygotic twin pairs. Five minutes of supine resting baseline data were collected, followed by 5 min of 60 degrees head-up tilt. After 5 min of head-up tilt, lower body negative pressure was applied in increments of 10 mmHg every 3 min until the onset of presyncope, at which time the subject was returned to the supine position for a 5-min recovery period. The data indicate that cardiovascular regulation under orthostatic stress demonstrates a significant degree of variance between identical twins, despite similar orthostatic tolerance. As the level of stress increases, so does the difference in the cardiovascular response within a twin pair. The elevated variance with increasing stress may be due to an increase in the role of environmental factors, as the influential role of genetics nears a functional limit. Therefore, although orthostatic tolerance times were very similar between identical twins, the mechanism involved in sustaining cardiovascular function during increasing stress was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D O'Leary
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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Gui-yan W, Yan-hua W, Qun X, Wei-jun T, Ming-ling G, Jian W, Ming-wu F, Yong-hong Z. Associations between RAS Gene Polymorphisms, Environmental Factors and Hypertension in Mongolian People. Eur J Epidemiol 2006; 21:287-92. [PMID: 16685579 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-005-6006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between RAS system genes (AGT, ACE and AT(1)R) polymorphisms, environmental factors and hypertension in Mongolian people. METHODS On the basis of cross-sectional study, a case-control study with 299 hypertensives and 281 nomotensives was conducted, and the conditions of environmental factors were acquired by questionnaire. Serum lipid and insulin were detected by using biochemical experiments. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms of RAS system were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism. RESULTS Overweight or obesity, high serum TG and insulin resistance were risk factors of hypertension by single factor analysis. All the RAS genotype distributions were compatible with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. There were no significant differences to be found between cases and controls for genotype frequencies or allele frequencies of the six polymorphisms of RAS system, except in men group, OR value of men carried ACE ID+DD genotype vs. men carried II genotype was 2.20 (95%CI 1.21-4.02), and OR of people who carried both ACE ID (or DD) and AGT M235T MT (or MM) vs. people with both ACE ID (or DD) and AGT M235T TT was 1.59 (95%CI 1.06-2.38). CONCLUSIONS Overweight or obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were risk factors of hypertension in Mongolian people. ACE gene ID+DD genotype was the risk factor of hypertension in men group. People who carried both ACE ID (or DD) and AGT M235T MT (or MM) had more risk to have hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gui-yan
- Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, 361003, China
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41
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Gene by sex interaction in the etiology of coronary heart disease and the preceding metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 17:153-61. [PMID: 17306735 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research, the genetic basis of coronary heart disease and its metabolic risk factors is poorly understood. Few studies consider that sex may modify the effect of gene variants on disease. Investigation of gene by sex interaction may help to elucidate underlying genetic susceptibilities and explain the sexual dimorphism of these complex traits. AIMS The aim of this review is to summarize evidence for gene by sex interaction in the etiology of coronary heart disease and the metabolic syndrome. DATA SYNTHESIS Published literature was examined in the areas of familial aggregation of coronary heart disease; heritability of body mass, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia; genome-wide linkage analysis in humans and rodents; and large-scale genetic association studies. Possible mechanisms of gene by sex interaction are discussed including X-linked inheritance, confounding by risk factors and the effect of sex hormones. CONCLUSIONS The strongest evidence for gene by sex interaction in relation to coronary heart disease and the metabolic syndrome is in the etiology of body mass, insulin resistance and possibly dyslipidemia. Genetic studies of these traits would benefit from taking sex differences into account. Alternative mechanisms underlying gene by sex interaction, besides obvious sex hormone differences, should be considered.
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Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder that probably results from the inheritance of a number of susceptibility genes and involves multiple environmental determinants. Existing evidence suggests that the genetic contribution to blood pressure variation is about 30-50%. Although a number of candidate genes have been studied in different ethnic populations, results from genetic analysis are still inconsistent and specific causes of hypertension remain unclear. Furthermore, the abundance of data in the literature makes it difficult to piece together the puzzle of hypertension and to define candidate genes involved in the dynamic of blood pressure regulation. In this review, we attempt to highlight the genetic basis of hypertension pathogenesis, focusing on the most important existing genetic variations of candidate genes and their potential role in the development of this disease. Our objective is to review current knowledge and discuss limitations to clinical applications of genotypic information in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of hypertension. Finally, some principles of pharmacogenomics are presented here along with future perspectives of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Brice Marteau
- INSERM U525, Equipe 4, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Henri Poincare, Nancy, France
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Lin HF, Boden-Albala B, Juo SH, Park N, Rundek T, Sacco RL. Heritabilities of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Northern Manhattan Family Study. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2006-12. [PMID: 16079962 PMCID: PMC1289275 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Growing evidence suggests that the traits comprising the metabolic syndrome have a genetic basis. However, studies of genetic contributions to the syndrome are sparse. Against this background, we sought to estimate the heritability of the metabolic syndrome and its component traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated 803 subjects from 89 Caribbean-Hispanic families who have enrolled to date in the current Northern Manhattan Family Study and for whom metabolic syndrome information was available. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII) criteria. Variance component methods were used to estimate age and sex-adjusted heritability of the metabolic syndrome and its components. To obtain the structures underlying the metabolic syndrome, we performed principal component factor analyses using six quantitative phenotypes included in the ATPIII definition. RESULTS The heritability for the metabolic syndrome was 24% (p=0.009), and ranged from 16 to 60% for its five components. Factor analysis yielded two independent factors (factor 1: lipids/glucose/obesity; factor 2: blood pressure). Heritability analysis revealed significant genetic effects on both factors (44% for lipids/glucose/obesity, and 20% for blood pressure). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In the Caribbean-Hispanic families investigated, we demonstrated moderate and significant heritabilities for the metabolic syndrome itself, as well as for individual components and independent factors of the syndrome. These results provide evidence that could support future tasks of mapping susceptibility loci for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-F. Lin
- Genome Center, Columbia University, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - B. Boden-Albala
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S. H. Juo
- Genome Center, Columbia University, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N. Park
- Genome Center, Columbia University, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - T. Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. L. Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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King JY, Ferrara R, Tabibiazar R, Spin JM, Chen MM, Kuchinsky A, Vailaya A, Kincaid R, Tsalenko A, Deng DXF, Connolly A, Zhang P, Yang E, Watt C, Yakhini Z, Ben-Dor A, Adler A, Bruhn L, Tsao P, Quertermous T, Ashley EA. Pathway analysis of coronary atherosclerosis. Physiol Genomics 2005; 23:103-18. [PMID: 15942018 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale gene expression studies provide significant insight into genes differentially regulated in disease processes such as cancer. However, these investigations offer limited understanding of multisystem, multicellular diseases such as atherosclerosis. A systems biology approach that accounts for gene interactions, incorporates nontranscriptionally regulated genes, and integrates prior knowledge offers many advantages. We performed a comprehensive gene level assessment of coronary atherosclerosis using 51 coronary artery segments isolated from the explanted hearts of 22 cardiac transplant patients. After histological grading of vascular segments according to American Heart Association guidelines, isolated RNA was hybridized onto a customized 22-K oligonucleotide microarray, and significance analysis of microarrays and gene ontology analyses were performed to identify significant gene expression profiles. Our studies revealed that loss of differentiated smooth muscle cell gene expression is the primary expression signature of disease progression in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we provide insight into the severe form of coronary artery disease associated with diabetes, reporting an overabundance of immune and inflammatory signals in diabetics. We present a novel approach to pathway development based on connectivity, determined by language parsing of the published literature, and ranking, determined by the significance of differentially regulated genes in the network. In doing this, we identify highly connected "nexus" genes that are attractive candidates for therapeutic targeting and followup studies. Our use of pathway techniques to study atherosclerosis as an integrated network of gene interactions expands on traditional microarray analysis methods and emphasizes the significant advantages of a systems-based approach to analyzing complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y King
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Zdravkovic S, Wienke A, Pedersen NL, Marenberg ME, Yashin AI, de Faire U. Genetic influences on CHD-death and the impact of known risk factors: comparison of two frailty models. Behav Genet 2005; 34:585-92. [PMID: 15520515 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-004-5586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of some recognized risk factors on genetic influences for coronary heart disease (CHD) needs further clarification. The aim of the present study was therefore to study the impact of known risk factors on genetic influences for CHD-death. Both twin (correlated gamma-frailty) and non-twin models (univariate gamma-frailty) were utilized and compared regarding their suitability for genetic analyses. The study population consisted of twins born in Sweden between 1886 and 1925. As expected, our findings indicate that genetic influences are important for CHD-death. Inclusion of risk factors in the twin-model increased heritability estimates, primarily due to a substantial reduction in non-shared environmental variances. The genetic influences for CHD-death are only marginally mediated through the risk factors among males, but more so among females. Although the outcome phenotype used in the present study is not behavioral, the analyses demonstrate the potential of frailty models for quantitative genetic analyses of categorical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Zdravkovic
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Understanding the origins of racial health disparities is currently a central focus of health-oriented funding agencies and the health policy community. In particular, the role of genetics in the origin of racial health disparities is receiving growing attention and has been susceptible to considerable misinterpretation. In this article, the authors provide a basic discussion about the concept of genes and race, an introduction to quantitative genetics, and some examples of quantitative genetic analyses of health conditions in an underserved population. The intent is to outline the conceptual limitations of exclusivist views of either environmental or genetic determination and to emphasize the coaction and interaction of genes and environments in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Whitfield
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Hernelahti M, Levälahti E, Simonen RL, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Uusitalo-Koskinen ALT, Battié MC, Videman T. Relative roles of heredity and physical activity in adolescence and adulthood on blood pressure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97:1046-52. [PMID: 15145916 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01324.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Part of the association between physical activity and low blood pressure (BP) may be a consequence of genetic selection. We investigated the association of genetic factors and physical activity in adolescence and adulthood with BP. BP was measured with a Finapres device in 71 monozygotic and 104 dizygotic male twin pairs using no antihypertensive medication. Subjects' mean age was 50.4 yr (range 40–72 yr). Subjects were interviewed about their lifetime exercise and other health habits. Exercise was classified as aerobic, power, or other, and these were further divided into adolescence (12–20 yr of age), the previous year, and lifetime. Genetic modeling was conducted to estimate genetic and environmental components of variance of systolic and diastolic BP. Aerobic exercise in adolescence and high-intensity aerobic exercise throughout the lifetime were associated with low diastolic BP in adulthood. Of the variance in diastolic BP, genetic factors accounted for 35% and aerobic exercise in adolescence for 5%. For systolic BP, genetic factors accounted for 39% of the variance. In turn, genetic factors accounted for 44% of the variance in aerobic exercise in adolescence. The genetic factors in part accounting for the variance in diastolic BP and those in part accounting for variance in aerobic exercise in adolescence were correlated. The association between aerobic exercise in adolescence and low diastolic BP in adulthood is a new finding, as is the observation that the factors partly share the same genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Hernelahti
- Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Nakayama T, Soma M, Kanmatsuse K, Kokubun S. The microsatellite alleles on chromosome 1 associated with essential hypertension and blood pressure levels. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:823-8. [PMID: 15190264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is thought to be a polygenic disease. Several candidate genes of this disease have been investigated in studies using polymorphic genetic markers, but some studies have failed to show any association of EH with these genes. In this experiment, we used microsatellite markers on chromosome 1, and performed an association study between EH and control subjects. Genomic DNA was amplified with fluorescently labelled primers from the Applied Biosystems PRISM linkage mapping set HD-5 comprising 63 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 4.5 cM. We isolated three loci showing significant differences: D1S507, D1S2713 and D1S2842. The P-values of the allele with the greatest post hoc contributions in D1S507, D1S2713 and D1S2842 were 0.0008, 0.0062 and 0.0084, respectively. All these values were significant after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, we found that the three microsatellite alleles were associated with the levels of systolic blood pressure. These data suggest that there are at least the three susceptibility loci for EH on chromosome 1, and that a case-control study using microsatellite markers on genomewide basis is a useful method for isolating the susceptibility loci of multifactorial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakayama
- Division of Receptor Biology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kamimachi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fagard RH, Loos RJ, Beunen G, Derom C, Vlietinck R. Influence of chorionicity on the heritability estimates of blood pressure: a study in twins. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1313-8. [PMID: 12817178 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200307000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A basic assumption of the twin design is that environmental influences including prenatal experiences are equal across twin types. However, the intra-uterine environment may differ according to the chorionicity of the monozygotic twins, which may have biased previous heritability estimates of blood pressure. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess whether the heritability of blood pressure, derived from measurements in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, differs according to the chorionicity of the monozygotic twins. METHODS Conventional and 24-h ambulatory blood pressures were measured in 125 dizygotic twin pairs and in 97 dichorionic and 128 monochorionic monozygotic twin pairs at the age of 18-34 years. The twin sample was drawn from the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey, in which perinatal data were collected at birth. Intra-pair correlation coefficients were calculated and compared between both types of monozygotic twin pairs. Heritability was estimated from model-fitting and path analysis, based on the dizygotic twins and, respectively, all monozygotic twins and the two subtypes. RESULTS Intra-pair correlation coefficients for the various blood pressures, after adjustment for body mass index, ranged from 0.45 to 0.71 in the monozygotic twin pairs and did not differ significantly according to chorionicity. Heritability estimates of blood pressure were between 52 and 64%, and were similar when calculated from dizygotic twins and, respectively, dichorionic and monochorionic monozygotic twins. CONCLUSIONS Heritability estimates of conventional and ambulatory blood pressure do not differ significantly according to the chorionicity of the monozygotic twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Fagard
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Liljedahl U, Karlsson J, Melhus H, Kurland L, Lindersson M, Kahan T, Nyström F, Lind L, Syvänen AC. A microarray minisequencing system for pharmacogenetic profiling of antihypertensive drug response. PHARMACOGENETICS 2003; 13:7-17. [PMID: 12544508 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200301000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop a microarray genotyping system for multiplex analysis of a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins involved in blood pressure regulation, and to apply this system in a pilot study demonstrating its feasibility in the pharmacogenetics of hypertension. A panel of 74 SNPs in 25 genes involved in blood pressure regulation was selected from the SNP databases, and genotyped in DNA samples of 97 hypertensive patients. The patients had been randomized to double-blind treatment with either the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker irbesartan or the beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol. Genotyping was performed using a microarray based DNA polymerase assisted 'minisequencing' single nucleotide primer extension assay with fluorescence detection. The observed genotypes were related to the blood pressure reduction using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The allele frequencies of the selected SNPs were determined in the Swedish population. The established microarray-based genotyping system was validated and allowed unequivocal multiplex genotyping of the panel of 74 SNPs in every patient. Almost 7200 SNP genotypes were generated in the study. Profiles of four or five SNP-genotypes that may be useful as predictors of blood pressure reduction after antihypertensive treatment were identified. Our results highlight the potential of microarray-based technology for SNP genotyping in pharmacogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Liljedahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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