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Nava E, Trache A, Diaz A, Colantuoni A. Editorial: Vascular function and mechanisms of aging: hypertension, obesity and metabolic disorders. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1339619. [PMID: 38239885 PMCID: PMC10794715 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1339619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Nava
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Castille-La Mancha School of Medicine, Albacete, Spain
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Alejandro Diaz
- National University of Central Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sesorova IS, Sesorov VV, Soloviev PB, Lakunin KY, Dimov ID, Mironov AA. Role of Endothelial Regeneration and Overloading of Enterocytes with Lipids in Capturing of Lipoproteins by Basement Membrane of Rat Aortic Endothelium. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2858. [PMID: 36359378 PMCID: PMC9687266 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex non-monogenic disease related to endothelial damage in elastic-type arteries and incorrect feeding. Here, using cryodamage of endothelial cells (ECs) of rat abdominal aorta, we examined the role of the EC basement membrane (BM) for re-endothelization endothelial regeneration and its ability to capture low density lipoproteins (LDLs). Regeneration of endothelium induced thickening of the ECBM. Secretion of the BM components occurred in the G2-phase. Multiple regenerations, as well as arterial hypertension and aging, also led to the thickening of the BM. Under these conditions, the speed of re-endothelialization increased. The thick BM captured more LDLs. LDLs formed after overloading of rats with lipids acquired higher affinity to the BM, presumably due to the prolonged transport of chylomicrons through neuraminidase-positive endo-lysosomes. These data provide new molecular and cellular mechanisms of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S. Sesorova
- Department of Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Sesorov
- Department of Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Pavel B. Soloviev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | | | - Ivan D. Dimov
- Department of Anatomy, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Mironov
- Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Giuliano F, Joussain C, Denys P, Laurin M, Behr-Roussel D, Assaly R. Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined With Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Sex Med 2022; 19:899-906. [PMID: 35365400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has a variety of uses in medicine. Some evidence suggests that intracavernosal (ic) BTX-A injection administered in addition to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) could effectively treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in insufficient responders to PDE5-Is. AIM To provide experimental pharmacological evidence for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA ic alone or in combination with PDE5-Is for difficult-to-treat ED. We thus compared the effects of BTX-A ic alone and BTX-A ic combined with PDE5-I iv, and a placebo treatment ic or iv. METHODS Erectile function was evaluated following cavernous nerve electrical stimulation (6 V, 1-millisecond pulse, 45-second duration) at different frequencies (0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, and 10 Hz) in 4 groups (n = 8 / group) of anesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats, a robust animal model of ED of vascular origin. Rats were treated by onabotulinumtoxinA 10U or saline ic 1 week prior to erectile function testing and sildenafil (0.3 mg/kg) or saline iv 4 minutes prior to testing. Frequency-response curves were compared with a 2 way ANOVA. OUTCOMES Both onabotulinumtoxinA ic, and sildenafil iv significantly improved erectile responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats, however the effect was greatly amplified when the treatments were combined. RESULTS Intracavernosal pressure and/or mean arterial pressure ratios were significantly increased by sildenafil and onabotulinumtoxinA ic versus the control condition. OnabotulinumtoxinA 10U ic combined with sildenafil iv significantly potentiated erectile responses. Area under the curve and/or mean arterial pressure ratio increased by 19% with sildenafil iv, by 15% with onabotulinumtoxinA ic and by 58% with the combined treatment following cavernous nerve electrical stimulation at 6V, 1 ms, 10 Hz: these stimulation parameters elicited the maximal erectile response. CLINICAL TRANSLATION These data provide a pharmacological rationale for the combined administration of onabotulinumtoxinA ic and sildenafil iv since the effects of both treatments were potentiated when their administration was combined. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS First evidence of a synergistic pro-erectile effect of BTX-A combined with PDE5-I, however the mechanism behind the pro-erectile effect of BTX-A ic remains hypothetical. CONCLUSIONS These results support further studies into the mechanisms behind the pro-erectile effect of BTX-A ic, as well as multicenter randomized control trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BTX-A ic combined with sildenafil for difficult-to-treat ED. Giuliano F., Joussain C., Denys P., et al. Intracavernosal OnabotulinumtoxinA Exerts a Synergistic Pro-Erectile Effect When Combined With Sildenafil in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Sex Med 2022;19:899-906.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Giuliano
- Neuro-Uro-Andrology Department, Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches, France; Faculty of Medicine, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Montigny le Bretonneux, Paris Saclay, France.
| | - Charles Joussain
- Neuro-Uro-Andrology Department, Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches, France; Faculty of Medicine, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Montigny le Bretonneux, Paris Saclay, France
| | - Pierre Denys
- Neuro-Uro-Andrology Department, Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches, France; Faculty of Medicine, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Montigny le Bretonneux, Paris Saclay, France
| | | | | | - Rana Assaly
- Pelvipharm SAS, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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Barros PR, Costa TJ, Akamine EH, Tostes RC. Vascular Aging in Rodent Models: Contrasting Mechanisms Driving the Female and Male Vascular Senescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:727604. [PMID: 35821995 PMCID: PMC9261394 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.727604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing scientific interest has been directed to sex as a biological and decisive factor on several diseases. Several different mechanisms orchestrate vascular function, as well as vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in males and females. Certain vascular sex differences are present throughout life, while others are more evident before the menopause, suggesting two important and correlated drivers: genetic and hormonal factors. With the increasing life expectancy and aging population, studies on aging-related diseases and aging-related physiological changes have steeply grown and, with them, the use of aging animal models. Mouse and rat models of aging, the most studied laboratory animals in aging research, exhibit sex differences in many systems and physiological functions, as well as sex differences in the aging process and aging-associated cardiovascular changes. In the present review, we introduce the most common aging and senescence-accelerated animal models and emphasize that sex is a biological variable that should be considered in aging studies. Sex differences in the cardiovascular system, with a focus on sex differences in aging-associated vascular alterations (endothelial dysfunction, remodeling and oxidative and inflammatory processes) in these animal models are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Barros
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiago J. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana H. Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rita C. Tostes, ; Eliana H. Akamine,
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rita C. Tostes, ; Eliana H. Akamine,
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5
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d'Uscio LV, Katusic ZS. Endothelium-specific deletion of amyloid-β precursor protein exacerbates endothelial dysfunction induced by aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19165-19185. [PMID: 34382945 PMCID: PMC8386539 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The physiological function of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the control of endothelial function during aging is unclear. Aortas of young (4-6 months old) and aged (23-26 months old) wild-type (WT) and endothelium-specific APP-deficient (eAPP−/−) mice were used to study aging-induced changes in vascular phenotype. Unexpectedly, aging significantly increased protein expression of APP in aortas of WT mice but not in aortas of eAPP−/− mice thereby demonstrating selective upregulation APP expression in vascular endothelium of aged aortas. Most notably, endothelial dysfunction (impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations) induced by aging was significantly exacerbated in aged eAPP−/− mice aortas as compared to age-matched WT mice. Consistent with this observations, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression was significantly decreased in aged eAPP−/− mice as compared to age matched WT mice. In addition, protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and release of prostaglandins were significantly increased in both aged WT and eAPP−/− mice. Notably, treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, normalized endothelium-dependent relaxations in aged WT mice, but not in aged eAPP−/− mice. In aggregate, our findings support the concept that aging-induced upregulation of APP in vascular endothelium is an adaptive response designed to protect and preserve expression and function of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livius V d'Uscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Young AP, Zhu J, Bagher AM, Denovan-Wright EM, Howlett SE, Kelly MEM. Endothelin B receptor dysfunction mediates elevated myogenic tone in cerebral arteries from aged male Fischer 344 rats. GeroScience 2021; 43:1447-1463. [PMID: 33403617 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain requires adequate cerebral blood flow to meet the high demand for nutrients and to clear waste products. With age, there is a chronic reduction in cerebral blood flow in small resistance arteries that can eventually limit proper brain function. The endothelin system is a key mediator in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, but the contributions of its constituent receptors in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle layers of cerebral arteries have not been well defined in the context of aging. We isolated posterior cerebral arteries from young and aged Fischer 344 rats, as well as ETB receptor knock-out rats and mounted the vessels in plexiglass pressure myograph chambers to measure myogenic tone in response to increasing pressure and targeted pharmacological treatments. We used an ETA receptor antagonist (BQ-123), an ETB receptor antagonist (BQ-788), endothelin-1, an endothelin-1 synthesis inhibitor (phosphoramidon), and vessel denudation to dissect the roles of each receptor in aging vasculature. Aged rats exhibited a higher myogenic tone than young rats, and the tone was sensitive to the ETA antagonist, BQ-123, but insensitive to the ETB antagonist, BQ-788. By contrast, the tone in the vessels from young rats was raised by BQ-788 but unaffected by BQ-123. When the endothelial layer that is normally enriched with ETB1 receptors was removed from young vessels, myogenic tone increased. However, denudation of the endothelial layer did not influence vessels from aged animals. This indicated that endothelial ETB1 receptors were not functional in the vessels from aged rats. There was also an increase in ETA receptor expression with age, whereas ETB receptor expression remained constant between young and aged animals. These results demonstrate that in young vessels, ETB1 receptors maintain a lower myogenic tone, but in aged vessels, a loss of ETB receptor activity allows ETA receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells to raise myogenic tone. Our findings have potentially important clinical implications for treatments to improve cerebral perfusion in older adults with diseases characterized by reduced cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jiequan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Quercetin Exerts Age-Dependent Beneficial Effects on Blood Pressure and Vascular Function, But Is Inefficient in Preventing Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010187. [PMID: 31906454 PMCID: PMC6983107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quercetin (QCT) was shown to exert beneficial cardiovascular effects in young healthy animals. The aim of the present study was to determine cardiovascular benefits of QCT in older, 6-month and 1-year-old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (model of type 2 diabetes). Methods: Lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) ZDF rats of both ages were treated with QCT for 6 weeks (20 mg/kg/day). Isolated hearts were exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (30 min/2 h). Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was measured in isolated aortas. Expression of selected proteins in heart tissue was detected by Western blotting. Results: QCT reduced systolic blood pressure in both lean and obese 6-month-old rats but had no effect in 1-year-old rats. Diabetes worsened vascular relaxation in both ages. QCT improved vascular relaxation in 6-month-old but worsened in 1-year-old obese rats and had no impact in lean controls of both ages. QCT did not exert cardioprotective effects against I/R injury and even worsened post-ischemic recovery in 1-year-old hearts. QCT up-regulated expression of eNOS in younger and PKCε expression in older rats but did not activate whole PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions: QCT might be beneficial for vascular function in diabetes type 2; however, increasing age and/or progression of diabetes may confound its vasculoprotective effects. QCT seems to be inefficient in preventing myocardial I/R injury in type 2 diabetes and/or higher age. Impaired activation of PI3K/Akt kinase pathway might be, at least in part, responsible for failing cardioprotection in these subjects.
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Potje SR, Grando MD, Chignalia AZ, Antoniali C, Bendhack LM. Reduced caveolae density in arteries of SHR contributes to endothelial dysfunction and ROS production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6696. [PMID: 31040342 PMCID: PMC6491560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations enriched with high cholesterol and sphingolipid content; they also contain caveolin proteins in their structure. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) by converting L-arginine to L-citrulline, is highly concentrated in plasma membrane caveolae. Hypertension is associated with decreased NO production and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that follow hypertension is important. For this study, we hypothesized that spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) vessels should have a smaller number of caveolae, and that the caveolae structure should be disrupted in these vessels. This should impair the eNOS function and diminish NO bioavailability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate caveolae integrity and density in SHR aortas and mesenteric arteries and the role played by caveolae in endothelium-dependent relaxation. We have been able to show the presence of caveolae-like structures in SHR aortas and mesenteric arteries. Increased phenylephrine-induced contractile response after treatment with dextrin was related to lower NO release. In addition, impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation could be related to decreased caveolae density in SHR vessels. The most important finding of this study was that cholesterol depletion with dextrin induced eNOS phosphorylation at Serine1177 (Ser1177) and boosted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in normotensive rat and SHR vessels, which suggested eNOS uncoupling. Dextrin plus L-NAME or BH4 decreased ROS production in aorta and mesenteric arteries supernatant’s of both SHR and normotensive groups. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with dextrin confirmed eNOS uncoupling, as verified by the reduced eNOS dimer/monomer ratio. BH4, L-arginine, or BH4 plus L-arginine inhibited eNOS monomerization. All these results showed that caveolae structure and integrity are essential for endothelium-dependent relaxation. Additionally, a smaller number of caveolae is associated with hypertension. Finally, caveolae disruption promotes eNOS uncoupling in normotensive and hypertensive rat vessels and in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone R Potje
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcella D Grando
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Z Chignalia
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, State University of São Paulo, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Koh LY, Hwang NC. Hypertension in Post-Bypass Acute Kidney Injury: Not Just About Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressures? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:1627-1628. [PMID: 30928283 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ying Koh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, 1 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Nian Chih Hwang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, 1 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169608, Singapore; Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
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Han S, Aydin MM, Akansel S, Usanmaz SE, Akçali C, Uludağ MO, Demirel Yilmaz E. Age- and sex-dependent alteration of functions and epigenetic modifications of vessel and endothelium related biomarkers. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:286-296. [PMID: 30814892 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1803-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases associated with the impairment of endothelial function in both sexes. In the present study, age-related changes in vascular responsiveness, epigenetic modifications of vessel wall, and blood biomarkers related to endothelial functions were examined in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxations of the aorta were decreased in 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old rats compared to those in 1-month-old female rats. In males, maximum relaxations related to ACh were higher in 1- and 6-month-old rats than in 3- and 12-month-old rats. Plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) decreased with age in female rats, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) levels displayed biphasic alterations. In male rats, plasma levels of NO, TAC, and ADMA decreased with age, and H2S levels increased. Aging also caused a sex-dependent alteration in epigenetic modification of vessels. Expressions of H3K27me2, H3K27me3, H3K36me2, and H3K36me3 were much higher in vessels of 12-month-old female rats compared to those in younger age groups. These results indicate that vascular functions, epigenetic modifications of vessels, and plasma levels of endothelium-related biomarkers are affected by age and sex. These findings could be important for the assessment of vascular status over the course of the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Muammer Merve Aydin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serdar Akansel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| | - Suzan Emel Usanmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| | - Can Akçali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludağ
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
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Dunn SM, Hilgers R, Das KC. Decreased EDHF-mediated relaxation is a major mechanism in endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries in aged mice on prolonged high-fat sucrose diet. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/23/e13502. [PMID: 29212858 PMCID: PMC5727270 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High‐fat sucrose (HFS) diet in aged individuals causes severe weight gain (obesity) with much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor for these vascular disorders. We hypothesize that prolonged ingestion of HFS diet by aged mice would accentuate endothelial dysfunction in the small resistance arteries. Male C57BL/6J mice at 12 weeks of age were divided into four groups and fed either normal chow (NC) or high‐fat sucrose diet (HFS). Young group received NC for 4 months, and high‐fat diet (HFD) for 3 months and 1 month HFS + 10% Sucrose (HFS diet). Aged mice received NC for 12 months. Aged HFS group received HFD for 4 months + 1 month HFD + 10% sucrose + 8 months HFD. Total body weight, plasma blood glucose levels, and glucose tolerance were determined in all groups. Isolated mesenteric arteries were assessed for arterial remodeling, myogenic tone, and vasomotor responses using pressure and wire myography. Both young and aged HFS mice showed impaired glucose tolerance (Y‐NC, 137 ± 8.5 vs. Y‐NC HFS, 228 ± 11.71; A‐NC, 148 ± 6.42 vs. A‐HFS, 225 ± 10.99), as well as hypercholesterolemia (Y‐NC 99.50 ± 6.35 vs. Y‐HFS 220.40 ± 16.34 mg/dL; A‐NC 108.6 ± vs. A‐HFS 279 ± 21.64) and significant weight gain (Y‐NC 32.13 ± 0.8 g vs. Y‐HFS 47.87 ± 2.18 g; A‐NC 33.72 vs. A‐HFS 56.28 ± 3.47 g) compared to both groups of mice on NC. The mesenteric artery from mice with prolonged HFS diet resulted in outward hypertrophic remodeling, increased stiffness, reduced myogenic tone, impaired vasodilation, increased contractility and blunted nitric oxide (NO) and EDH‐mediated relaxations. Ebselen, a peroxinitrite scavenger rescued the endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDHF)‐mediated relaxations. Our findings suggest that prolonged diet‐induced obesity of aged mice can worsen small resistance artery endothelial dysfunction due to decrease in NO and EDHF‐mediated relaxation, but, EDHF‐mediated relaxation is a major contributor to overall endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | | | - Kumuda C Das
- The Department of Translational & Vascular Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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12
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Leloup AJA, De Moudt S, Van Hove CE, Dugaucquier L, Vermeulen Z, Segers VFM, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. Short-Term Angiotensin II Treatment Affects Large Artery Biomechanics and Function in the Absence of Small Artery Alterations in Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:582. [PMID: 29867592 PMCID: PMC5964213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of hypertension by angiotensin II (AngII) is a widely used experimental stimulus to study vascular aging in mice. It is associated with large artery stiffness, a hallmark of arterial aging and a root cause of increased cardiovascular risk. We reported earlier that long term (4 week) AngII treatment in mice altered the active, contractile properties of the arteries in a vascular bed-specific manner and that, in healthy mice aorta, active contractile properties of the aortic wall determine isobaric aortic stiffness. Given the huge physiological relevance of large artery stiffening, we aimed to characterize the early (1 week) changes in the active properties of the aorta of AngII-treated mice. We were not able to detect a significant effect of AngII treatment on anesthetized blood pressure or abdominal aorta pulse wave velocity. Ex vivo biomechanical and functional studies of the aorta revealed increased arterial stiffness and altered vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and endothelial cell reactivity. Interestingly, the AngII-associated changes in the aorta could be largely attributed to alterations in basal VSMC tone and basal nitric oxide efficacy, indicating that, besides structural remodeling of the arterial wall, dysfunctional active components of the aorta play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms by which AngII treatment induces arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J A Leloup
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cor E Van Hove
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Dugaucquier
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zarha Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Ibrahim A, Ali M, Kiernan TJ, Stack AG. Erectile Dysfunction and Ischaemic Heart Disease. Eur Cardiol 2018; 13:98-103. [PMID: 30697353 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2017.21.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder that affects the quality of life of many patients. It is prevalent in more than half of males aged over 60 years. Increasing evidence suggests that ED is predominantly a vascular disorder. Endothelial dysfunction seems to be the common pathological process causing ED. Many common risk factors for atherosclerosis such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity and hyperlipidaemia are prevalent in patients with ED and so management of these common cardiovascular risk factors can potentially prevent ED. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors provide short-term change of haemodynamic factors to help initiate and maintain penile erection. They have been shown to be an effective and safe treatment strategy for ED in patients with heart disease, including those with ischaemic heart disease and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Ibrahim
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Cardiology Department, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas J Kiernan
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Austin G Stack
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Limerick Limerick, Ireland
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14
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Xu X, Wang B, Ren C, Hu J, Greenberg DA, Chen T, Xie L, Jin K. Age-related Impairment of Vascular Structure and Functions. Aging Dis 2017; 8:590-610. [PMID: 28966804 PMCID: PMC5614324 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among age-related diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are major causes of death. Vascular dysfunction is a key characteristic of these diseases wherein age is an independent and essential risk factor. The present work will review morphological alterations of aging vessels in-depth, which includes the discussion of age-related microvessel loss and changes to vasculature involving the capillary basement membrane, intima, media, and adventitia as well as the accompanying vascular dysfunctions arising from these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Xu
- 1Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brian Wang
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Changhong Ren
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.,4Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Tianxiang Chen
- 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xie
- 3Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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15
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de Paula TDC, Silva BR, Grando MD, Pernomian L, do Prado AF, Bendhack LM. Relaxation induced by the nitric oxide donor and cyclooxygenase inhibitor NCX2121 in renal hypertensive rat aortas. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Hodes RJ, Sierra F, Austad SN, Epel E, Neigh GN, Erlandson KM, Schafer MJ, LeBrasseur NK, Wiley C, Campisi J, Sehl ME, Scalia R, Eguchi S, Kasinath BS, Halter JB, Cohen HJ, Demark-Wahnefried W, Ahles TA, Barzilai N, Hurria A, Hunt PW. Disease drivers of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1386:45-68. [PMID: 27943360 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that aging, at both the cellular and organismal levels, contributes to the development and progression of the pathology of many chronic diseases. However, much less research has examined the inverse relationship-the contribution of chronic diseases and their treatments to the progression of aging-related phenotypes. Here, we discuss the impact of three chronic diseases (cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes) and their treatments on aging, putative mechanisms by which these effects are mediated, and the open questions and future research directions required to understand the relationships between these diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Marissa J Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Mary E Sehl
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeffrey B Halter
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Tim A Ahles
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Arti Hurria
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Peter W Hunt
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
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17
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The Aging Cardiovascular System. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:1952-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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19
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Frohlich ED. Review: Promise of prevention and reversal of target organ involvement in hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 2:S4-S9. [DOI: 10.1177/14703203010020010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Guers JJ, Prisby RD, Edwards DG, Lennon-Edwards S. Intermittent parathyroid hormone administration attenuates endothelial dysfunction in old rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:76-81. [PMID: 27815368 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00348.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is characterized by a decline in endothelial function. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration has been shown to increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of intermittent PTH administration on aortic endothelial function in old rodents. We hypothesized that intermittent PTH administration would improve endothelial function in older rodents. Old (24-mo-old) and young (4-mo-old) Fischer-344 rats were given 10 injections of PTH 1-34 (43 μg·kg-1·day-1) or phosphate-buffered saline (100 μl/day) over 15 days. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine (10-9 to 10-5 M) was significantly impaired in old control (OC) compared with young control (YC) as indicated by a reduced area under the curve (AUC, 100 ± 6.28 vs. 54.08 ± 8.3%; P < 0.05) and impaired maximal relaxation (Emax, 70.1 ± 4.48 vs. 92.9 ± 4.38%; P < 0.05). Emax was improved in old animals treated with PTH (OPTH) (OC, 70.1 ± 4.48 vs. OPTH, 85 ± 7.48%; P < 0.05) as well as AUC (OC, 54.08 ± 8.3 vs. OPTH, 82.5 ± 5.7%; P < 0.05) while logEC50 was not different. Endothelial-independent relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside was not different among groups. Aortic eNOS protein expression was significantly decreased in OC compared with YC (P < 0.05). PTH treatment restored eNOS expression in OPTH animals (P < 0.05). These data suggest that PTH may play a role in attenuating age-related impairments in aortic endothelial function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated that intermittent parathyroid hormone administration can rescue age-related vascular dysfunction by improving endothelial-dependent dilation in the aorta of older rodents. This demonstrates a novel potential benefit of parathyroid hormone administration in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Guers
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Shannon Lennon-Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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21
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Wight E, Küng CF, Moreau P, Takase H, Bersinger NA, Lüscher TF. Aging, Serum Estradiol Levels, and Pregnancy Differentially Affect Vascular Reactivity of the Rat Uterine Artery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - T. F. Lüscher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cardiology, University HOspital Zurich and Cardiovascular Research, Cardiology, Inselspital/University Hospital, Bern; University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Changes in Angiotensin Receptor Distribution and in Aortic Morphology Are Associated with Blood Pressure Control in Aged Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Int J Hypertens 2016; 2016:5830192. [PMID: 27293881 PMCID: PMC4886055 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5830192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in blood pressure regulation in MS during aging is unknown. It participates in metabolic syndrome (MS) and aging regulating vascular tone and remodeling. RAS might participate in a compensatory mechanism decreasing blood pressure and allowing MS rats to reach 18 months of age and it might form part of therapeutical procedures to ameliorate MS. We studied histological changes and distribution of RAS receptors in aortas of MS aged rats. Electron microscopy images showed premature aging in MS since the increased fibrosis, enlarged endothelium, and invasion of this layer by muscle cells that was present in control 18-month-old aortas were also found in 6-month-old aortas from MS rats. AT1, AT2, and Mas receptors mediate the effects of Ang II and Ang 1-7, respectively. Fluorescence from AT2 decreased with age in control and MS aortas, while fluorescence of AT1 increased in aortas from MS rats at 6 months and diminished during aging. Mas expression increased in MS rats and remained unchanged in control rats. In conclusion, there is premature aging in the aortas from MS rats and the elevated expression of Mas receptor might contribute to decrease blood pressure during aging in MS.
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23
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Prawez S, Ahanger AA, Singh TU, Mishra SK, Sarkar SN, Kumar D. BAY 41-2272 Treatment Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Aortic Relaxation in L-NAME Hypertensive Rats. Int J Angiol 2016; 25:235-240. [PMID: 27895434 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, an emerging problem of recent era, and many pathophysiological factors are participating to produce the disease. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important constituent to ameliorate hypertensive condition. Inhibition of endogenous NO synthase by L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was responsible for generating hypertension in rats. BAY 41-2272 (5-cyclopropyl-2-[1-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamine), a soluble guanylyl cyclase activator, restricts rise of blood pressure and shows cardioprotective activity. The aim of the present study was to analyze effect of short-term BAY 41-2272 treatment on blood pressure and vascular function. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups such as control (group-A), hypertensive (group-B), and BAY 41-2272-treated hypertensive (group-C) rats. Normal saline was administered intramuscularly to control rats for last 3 days (days 40, 41, and 42) of total 42 days treatment, whereas rats of group-B and group-C were treated with L-NAME hydrochloride in drinking water at 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 42 days. Also, normal saline and BAY 41-2272 were administered for last 3 days at two different dosages at 1 and 3 mg/kg body weight/day intramuscularly to group-B and group-C rats, respectively. Administration of BAY 41-2272 for 3 days was not sufficient enough to decrease mean arterial pressure of hypertensive rats significantly. BAY at both the treatment dosages significantly ameliorate acetylcholine-induced maximal aortic relaxation compared with BAY-untreated hypertensive rats. Findings of the present study indicate that even shorter period of BAY 41-2272 treatment (3 days) improves vascular relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Prawez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Azad Ahmad Ahanger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alustang, Srinagar, India
| | - Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Souvendra Nath Sarkar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Costantino S, Paneni F, Cosentino F. Ageing, metabolism and cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2015; 594:2061-73. [PMID: 26391109 DOI: 10.1113/jp270538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is one of the major risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). About one-fifth of the world population will be aged 65 or older by 2030, with an exponential increase in CVD prevalence. It is well established that environmental factors (overnutrition, smoking, pollution, sedentary lifestyles) may lead to premature defects in mitochondrial functionality, insulin signalling, endothelial homeostasis and redox balance, fostering early senescent features. Over the last few years, molecular investigations have unveiled common signalling networks which may link the ageing process with deterioration of cardiovascular homeostasis and metabolic disturbances, namely insulin resistance. These different processes seem to be highly interconnected and their interplay may favour adverse vascular and cardiac phenotypes responsible for myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. In the present review, we carefully describe novel molecular cues underpinning ageing, metabolism and CVD. In particular, we describe a dynamic interplay between emerging pathways such as FOXOs, AMPK, SIRT1, p66(Shc) , JunD and NF-kB. This overview will provide the background for attractive molecular targets to prevent age-driven pathology in the vasculature and the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Seals DR, Kaplon RE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, LaRocca TJ. You're only as old as your arteries: translational strategies for preserving vascular endothelial function with aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:250-64. [PMID: 24985329 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00059.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction develops with age and increases the risk of age-associated vascular disorders. Nitric oxide insufficiency, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation, induced by upregulation of adverse cellular signaling processes and imbalances in stress resistance pathways, mediate endothelial dysfunction with aging. Healthy lifestyle behaviors preserve endothelial function with aging by inhibiting these mechanisms, and novel nutraceutical compounds that favorably modulate these pathways hold promise as a complementary approach for preserving endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachelle E Kaplon
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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26
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Rubio-Ruiz ME, Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME, Pastelín G, Guarner-Lans V. Aging in blood vessels. Medicinal agents FOR systemic arterial hypertension in the elderly. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:132-47. [PMID: 25311590 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs blood vessel function and leads to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying the age-related endothelial, smooth muscle and extracellular matrix vascular dysfunction are discussed. Vascular dysfunction is caused by: (1) Oxidative stress enhancement. (2) Reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, by diminished NO synthesis and/or augmented NO scavenging. (3) Production of vasoconstrictor/vasodilator factor imbalances. (4) Low-grade pro-inflammatory environment. (5) Impaired angiogenesis. (6) Endothelial cell senescence. The aging process in vascular smooth muscle is characterized by: (1) Altered replicating potential. (2) Change in cellular phenotype. (3) Changes in responsiveness to contracting and relaxing mediators. (4) Changes in intracellular signaling functions. Systemic arterial hypertension is an age-dependent disorder, and almost half of the elderly human population is hypertensive. The influence of hypertension on the aging cardiovascular system has been studied in models of hypertensive rats. Treatment for hypertension is recommended in the elderly. Lifestyle modifications, natural compounds and hormone therapies are useful for initial stages and as supporting treatment with medication but evidence from clinical trials in this population is needed. Since all antihypertensive agents can lower blood pressure in the elderly, therapy should be based on its potential side effects and drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, DF, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, DF, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, DF, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pastelín
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, DF, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, DF, Mexico.
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27
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Sakai Y, Kawahito S, Takaishi K, Mita N, Kinoshita H, Hatakeyama N, Azma T, Nakaya Y, Kitahata H. Propofol-induced relaxation of rat aorta is altered by aging. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:278-84. [PMID: 25264045 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol causes vasodilation via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Because endothelial function is impaired with aging, the effects of propofol on endothelium-dependent vasodilation might be altered by aging. The aim of this study was thus to determine the effects of aging on vascular responses to propofol. METHODS Young (4-6 weeks old) or adult (16-25 weeks old) rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane. The thoracic aorta was dissected and cut into pieces 3-4 mm in length. In some rings, the endothelium was deliberately removed. The ring segment of the aorta was mounted for isometric force recording at a resting tension of 0.5-1.0 g in a 2 ml organ bath, containing Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Arteries were precontracted with phenylephrine, and the function of endothelium was confirmed with acetylcholine. Then, we studied the concentration-dependent effects of propofol in endothelium-intact (control group) and -denuded aortic rings (denuded group), as well as those treated with N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME group). RESULTS Relaxation due to propofol was observed in the control groups of both young and adult rats in a concentration-dependent manner, but the magnitude of relaxation was significantly greater in young rats. In addition, in young rats, relaxation due to propofol was significantly and equally reduced in both L-NAME and denuded groups at all propofol concentrations that we studied (10(-6)-10(-3) M). In adult rats, relaxation due to propofol was quite similar between control and L-NAME groups at all propofol concentrations, whereas it was significantly reduced in the denuded group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that endothelium-derived nitric oxide plays an important role in propofol-induced vasodilation in young rats, but not in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokushima University Hospital
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28
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Yousefipour Z, Newaz M. PPARα ligand clofibrate ameliorates blood pressure and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:476-82. [PMID: 24562305 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that regulate numerous genes influencing blood pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of clofibrate, a PPARα ligand, on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 8-9 weeks old, were randomly allocated into groups treated with vehicle or clofibrate (250 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip for 21 d). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before and after the study period using tail-cuff plethysmography. Rats were sacrificed under anesthesia and blood, urine and tissue samples were processed for subsequent analysis. RESULTS SHR rats showed significantly higher SBP compared with WKY rats (198±6 mmHg vs 93±7 mmHg), and a 3-fold increase in urinary protein excretion. Clofibrate treatment reduced SBP by 26%±2% and proteinuria by 43%±9% in SHR but not in WKY rats. The urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion in SHR rats was nearly 2-fold greater than that in WKY, and was further increased by 30%±4% and 48%±3%, respectively, following clofibrate treatment. In addition, PPARα protein expression and PPARα activity were significantly lower in SHR than that in WKY rats. Clofibrate treatment significantly increased PPARα protein expression and PPARα activity in SHR rats, but not in WKY rats. Moreover, the vasoconstrictor response of aortic ring was markedly increased in SHRs, which was blunted after clofibrate treatment. CONCLUSION PPARα contributes to regulation of blood pressure and vascular reactivity in SHR, and clofibrate-mediated reduction in blood pressure and proteinuria is probably through increased NO production.
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Abstract
The endothelium, a highly active structure, regulates vascular homeostasis through the release of numerous vasoactive factors that control vascular tone and vascular smooth cell proliferation. A larger number of medicinal plants and their isolated chemical constituents have been shown to beneficially affect the endothelium. For example, flavonoids in black tea, green tea, and concord grape cause a vasodilation possibly through their antioxidant properties. Allicin, a by-product of the enzyme alliinase, has been proposed to be the main active metabolite and responsible for most of the biological activities of garlic, including a dose-dependent dilation on the isolated coronaries. Thymoquinone, the principal phytochemical compound found in the volatile oil of the black seed, and the hawthorn extract have also been shown to improve aging-related impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations in animal models. In this review, the effect of some of the natural products, including Camellia sinensis (black tea and green tea), Vitis labrusca (concord grape), Allium sativum (garlic), and Nigella sativa (black seed) and Crataegus ssp (hawthorn extract), is explored. The molecular mechanisms behind these potential therapeutic effects are also discussed.
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Leblanc AJ, Chen B, Dougherty PJ, Reyes RA, Shipley RD, Korzick DH, Muller-Delp JM. Divergent effects of aging and sex on vasoconstriction to endothelin in coronary arterioles. Microcirculation 2014. [PMID: 23198990 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk for cardiovascular disease increases with advancing age; however, the chronological development of heart disease differs in males and females. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age-induced alterations in responses of coronary arterioles to the endogenous vasoconstrictor, endothelin, are sex-specific. METHODS Coronary arterioles were isolated from young and old male and female rats to assess vasoconstrictor responses to endothelin (ET), and ETa and ETb receptor inhibitors were used to assess receptor-specific signaling. RESULTS In intact arterioles from males, ET-induced vasoconstriction was reduced with age, whereas age increased vasoconstrictor responses to ET in intact arterioles from female rats. In intact arterioles from both sexes, blockade of either ETa or ETb eliminated age-related differences in responses to ET; however, denudation of arterioles from both sexes revealed age-related differences in ETa-mediated vasoconstriction. In arterioles from male rats, ETa receptor protein decreased, whereas ETb receptor protein increased with age. In coronary arterioles from females, neither ETa nor ETb receptor protein changed with age, suggesting age-related changes in ET signaling occur downstream of ET receptors. CONCLUSIONS Thus, aging-induced alterations in responsiveness of the coronary resistance vasculature to endothelin are sex-specific, possibly contributing to sexual dimorphism in the risk of cardiovascular disease with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Leblanc
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Geenen IL, Verbruggen S, Molin DG, Spronk HM, Maessen JG, Meesters B, Schurink GW, Post MJ. Phenotypic fitness of primary endothelial cells cultured from patients with high cardiovascular risk or chronic kidney disease for vascular tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:1049-59. [PMID: 24279825 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering relies on the combination of patient-derived cells and biomaterials to create new vessels. For clinical application, data regarding the function and behavior of patient-derived cells are needed. We investigated cell growth and functional characteristics of human venous endothelial cells (HVECs) from coronary arterial bypass graft (CABG), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and control patients. HVECs were isolated from venous specimens that were obtained during elective surgical procedures by means of collagenase digestion. Gene expression, proliferation, migration, secretory functions, and thrombogenic characteristics were evaluated using high-throughput assays. A total of 48 cell batches (14 control, 19 CABG, and 15 CKD subjects) were assessed. Proliferation, population doubling times, and migration of HVECs derived from CABG and CKD patients did not differ from controls. Thrombomodulin expression was higher in CABG-HVECs compared with controls. HVEC-induced thrombin formation in plasma did not differ between groups, and the contact activation pathway was the major contributor to coagulation. Patient-derived HVECs were able to attach and survive on polycaprolactone scaffolds that were coated with fibrin. HVECs from cardiovascular-diseased and CKD patients showed comparable functional characteristics with HVECs derived from uncompromised patients. We, therefore, conclude that endothelial cells from aged patients with comorbidities can be safely used for isolation and in vitro expansion for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma L Geenen
- 1 Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Novella S, Dantas AP, Segarra G, Vidal-Gómez X, Mompeón A, Garabito M, Hermenegildo C, Medina P. Aging-related endothelial dysfunction in the aorta from female senescence-accelerated mice is associated with decreased nitric oxide synthase expression. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1329-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qin J, Dai J, Xu Z, Chen D, Qin J, Shi D, Teng H, Jiang Q. Genetic polymorphism of NOS3 with susceptibility to deep vein thrombosis after orthopedic surgery: a case-control study in Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70033. [PMID: 23922896 PMCID: PMC3724670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis is one of the common complications of orthopedic surgery. Studies indicated that genetic factors played a considerable role in the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase which encoded by nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), can generate nitric oxide in endothelial cells. As a predominant regulator for vascular homeostasis, nitric oxide might be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. It had been proved that the NOS3 polymorphism (rs1799983) was associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Our objective was to evaluate the association between the NOS3 polymorphism (rs1799983) and deep vein thrombosis after orthopedic surgery in Chinese Han population. The polymorphism was genotyped in 224 subjects with deep vein thrombosis after orthopedic surgery and 580 controls. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between subjects with deep vein thrombosis and control subjects. The allele and genotype frequencies of the NOS3 polymorphism (rs1799983) were significantly different between subjects with deep vein thrombosis and control subjects. There were also significant differences when the subjects were stratified by gender, surgery type and hypertension status. These findings suggested that the NOS3 polymorphism (rs1799983) was associated with susceptibility to the deep vein thrombosis after orthopedic surgery in Chinese Han population, and NOS3 might play a role in the development of deep vein thrombosis after orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizheng Qin
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin Dai
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianghui Qin
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huajian Teng
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Baltanás A, Solesio ME, Zalba G, Galindo MF, Fortuño A, Jordán J. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAM-P8) oxidative stress is associated with upregulation of renal NADPH oxidase system. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Safar ME, Nilsson PM, Blacher J, Mimran A. Pulse pressure, arterial stiffness, and end-organ damage. Curr Hypertens Rep 2012; 14:339-44. [PMID: 22555981 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-012-0272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Whereas larger arteries participate in the dampening of blood pressure (BP) oscillations resulting from intermittent ventricular ejection, smaller arteries steadily deliver an adequate supply of blood from the heart to the peripheral organs. Numerous active mechanisms are involved in this process. Cyclic stress acts differently from steady stress, inducing stronger and stiffer material of the vessel wall than under static conditions. Cyclic strain participates in the phenotypic plasticity of smooth muscle cells, initiates transduction mechanisms and induces the transcriptional profile of mechanically induced genes. Finally, the autoregulatory mechanism protecting the brain, heart and kidney from cardiovascular (CV) damage differ markedly according to their localization. Whereas the heart is dependent on pulsatile forces, owing to the diastolic perfusion of coronary arteries, the brain and the kidney are rather influenced by steady mechanical forces. For the kidney, the transmission of pulsatile pressure may greatly contribute to glomerular sclerosis in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel E Safar
- Paris Descartes University; AP-HP; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75181, Paris Cedex 04, France.
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Cui X, Liu X, Feng H, Zhao S, Gao H. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through 5'-AMP activated protein kinase/Surtuin 1-Krüpple like factor 2 pathway and modulate blood pressure in ouabain induced hypertensive rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2192-7. [PMID: 22987017 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) belonging to polyphenols, possess various biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, etc. GSPE is potential in regulating endothelial function. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. In this study, by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocking down, we proved that GSPE increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in human umbilical vessel cells (HUVECs) in vitro, which was attributed to its transcription factor Krüpple like factor 2 (KLF2) induction. Furthermore, GSPE activate 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increase surtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein level, critical for KLF2 induction. We also illuminated the role of GSPE in hypertension treatment. By chronic administration of GSPE in ouabain induced hypertensive rats model, we access the effect of GSPE on blood pressure regulation and the possible mechanisms involved. After 5 weeks feeding, GSPE significantly block the ouabain induced blood pressure increase. The aortic NO production impaired by ouabain was improved. In conclusion, GSPE increase eNOS expression and NO production in an AMPK/SIRT1 dependent manner through KLF2 induction, and attenuate ouabain induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
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Idris-Khodja N, Auger C, Koch E, Schini-Kerth VB. Crataegus special extract WS(®)1442 prevents aging-related endothelial dysfunction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:699-706. [PMID: 22621780 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a markedly increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases due, in part, to the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. The present study has evaluated whether the Crataegus special extract WS(®)1442 prevents the development of aging-related endothelial dysfunction in rats, and, if so, to determine the underlying mechanisms. Wistar rats received either a control diet or the same diet containing 100 or 300 mg/kg/day of WS(®)1442 from week 25 until week 65. Vascular reactivity was assessed in mesenteric artery rings using organ chambers, oxidative stress by dihydroethidine staining and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) expression by immunohistochemistry. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in mesenteric artery rings were blunted in 65-week-old rats compared to 16-week-old rats. This effect was associated with a marked reduction of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) component whereas the nitric oxide (NO) component was not affected. Aging was also associated with the induction of endothelium-dependent contractile responses to acetylcholine. Both aging-related impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations and the induction of endothelium-dependent contractile responses were improved by the Crataegus treatment and by COX inhibitors. An excessive vascular oxidative stress and an upregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 were observed in the mesenteric artery of old rats compared to young rats, and these effects were improved by the Crataegus treatment. In conclusion, chronic intake of Crataegus prevented aging-related endothelial dysfunction by reducing the prostanoid-mediated contractile responses, most likely by improving the increased oxidative stress and the overexpression of COX-1 and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Idris-Khodja
- CNRS UMR 7213, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Higashi Y, Sukhanov S, Anwar A, Shai SY, Delafontaine P. Aging, atherosclerosis, and IGF-1. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:626-39. [PMID: 22491965 PMCID: PMC3348497 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine growth factor that circulates at high levels in the plasma and is expressed in most cell types. IGF-1 has major effects on development, cell growth and differentiation, and tissue repair. Recent evidence indicates that IGF-1 reduces atherosclerosis burden and improves features of atherosclerotic plaque stability in animal models. Potential mechanisms for this atheroprotective effect include IGF-1-induced reduction in oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, proinflammatory signaling, and endothelial dysfunction. Aging is associated with increased vascular oxidative stress and vascular disease, suggesting that IGF-1 may exert salutary effects on vascular aging processes. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive update on IGF-1's ability to modulate vascular oxidative stress and to limit atherogenesis and the vascular complications of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Tulane University Heart & Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Zou Q, Leung SWS, Vanhoutte PM. Activation of nicotinic receptors can contribute to endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine in the rat aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:756-63. [PMID: 22427701 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine causes endothelium-dependent relaxations in the rat aorta. Both muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in endothelial cells. It is generally accepted that mAChRs are responsible for the endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine. The present study was designed to investigate whether nAChRs can also be involved in such responses evoked by the cholinergic transmitter. Rings with or without endothelium of aortae of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats were suspended in organ chambers for the measurement of isometric tension. In WKY aortae the muscarinic antagonist atropine abolished the relaxations to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine, confirming that mAChRs are responsible mainly for the response under control conditions. In SHR aortae, atropine caused only partial inhibition of the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine; the remaining decreases in tension were inhibited by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, which did not significantly affect the response in the absence of atropine in either SHR or WKY preparations. Thus, when mAChRs are inhibited, nAChRs mediate relaxation to the cholinergic transmitter in the SHR but not the WKY aorta. Nicotine, a direct agonist of the nicotinic receptor, induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in both SHR and WKY rats via the activation of α7-nAChRs, but not by mecamylamine-sensitive nicotinic receptors (α3 subtype). The acetylcholine-induced, atropine-insensitive relaxations and those to nicotine both involve the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. The present study demonstrates that the activation of nAChRs can contribute to acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxations in the aortae of hypertensive animals and suggests that these receptors may contribute to the endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Idris Khodja N, Chataigneau T, Auger C, Schini-Kerth VB. Grape-derived polyphenols improve aging-related endothelial dysfunction in rat mesenteric artery: role of oxidative stress and the angiotensin system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32039. [PMID: 22384133 PMCID: PMC3288061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the development of an endothelial dysfunction, which affects both the nitric oxide (NO)- and the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxations, associated with vascular oxidative stress and the activation of the angiotensin system. This study investigated whether red wine polyphenols (RWPs), antioxidants and potent stimulators of NO- and EDHF-mediated relaxations improve aging-related endothelial dysfunction, and, if so, examined the underlying mechanism. Mesenteric artery reactivity was determined in organ chambers, vascular oxidative stress by dihydroethidine and MitoSOX staining, and expression of target proteins by immunohistochemical staining. Control young rats (16 weeks) received solvent (ethanol, 3% v/v), and middle-aged rats (46 weeks) either solvent or RWPs (100 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. The acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent NO component was slightly reduced whereas the EDHF component was markedly blunted in rings of middle-aged rats compared to young rats. The endothelial dysfunction was associated with oxidative stress, an upregulation of angiotensin II and AT1 receptors and a down-regulation of SKCa, IKCa, and angiotensin converting enzyme. Intake of RWPs for either one or two weeks improved the NO and the EDHF components of the relaxation, and normalized oxidative stress, the expression of SKCa, IKCa and the components of the angiotensin system. The protective effect of the 2-week RWPs treatment persisted for one and two weeks following stopping intake of RWPs. Thus, intake of RWPs caused a persistent improvement of the endothelial function, particularly the EDHF component, in middle-aged rats and this effect seems to involve the normalization of the expression of SKCa, IKCa and the angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valérie B. Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213 - Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
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Aging-shifted prostaglandin profile in endothelium as a factor in cardiovascular disorders. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:121390. [PMID: 22500225 PMCID: PMC3303603 DOI: 10.1155/2012/121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated endothelium dysfunction is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelium-synthesized prostaglandins and thromboxane are local hormones, which mediate vasodilation and vasoconstriction and critically maintain vascular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the age-related changes in endothelial eicosanoids contribute to decline in endothelium function and are associated with pathological dysfunction. In this review we summarize currently available information on aging-shifted prostaglandin profiles in endothelium and how these shifts are associated with cardiovascular disorders, providing one molecular mechanism of age-associated endothelium dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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Kim SY, Park JT, Park JK, Lee JS, Choi JC. Aging impairs vasodilatory responses in rats. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 61:506-10. [PMID: 22220229 PMCID: PMC3249574 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2011.61.6.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging causes profound changes of stiffness and compliance in the cardiovascular system, which contributes to decreased cardiovascular reserve. Mechanisms of the underlying endothelial vasodilator dysfunction in vasodilator signaling pathways may occur at multiple sites within any of these pathways. Methods Age-related changes in the vasculature were investigated in adult young (3-6 months, Y) and old (26-29 month, O) Wistar rats (n = 6). The aortas were carefully dissected from the rat and cut into rings 1.5-2.0 mm in length to measure in vitro isometric tension. Vasorelaxant responses of aortic rings to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and P1075 were examined using Dose Response software (AD Instruments, Mountain View, CA). Results Endothelium-dependent vasodilator function was impaired. The endothelium of aging rats impaired endothelial NO dependent vasodilation, but the machinery for vasodilation was not impaired. Conclusions Age-related NO-mediated vasorelaxation in the aging endothelium was inhibited and appears to be major mechanism of vascular change and impaired vascular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Yul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Abstract
Aging is increasingly regarded as an independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension and their complications (e.g. MI and Stroke). It is well known that vascular disease evolve over decades with progressive accumulation of cellular and extracellular materials and many inflammatory processes. Metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes are conventionally recognized as risk factors for development of coronary vascular disease (CVD). These conditions are known to accelerate ageing process in general and vascular ageing in particular. Adverse events during intrauterine life may programme organ growth and favour disease later in life, popularly known as, 'Barker's Hypothesis'. The notion of fetal programming implies that during critical periods of prenatal growth, changes in the hormonal and nutritional milieu of the conceptus may alter the full expression of the fetal genome, leading to permanent effects on a range of physiological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Pitale
- Consultant Endocrinologist, Pitale Diabetes and Hormone Center, Shriman Complex, Dhantoli, India
| | - Anagha Sahasrabuddhe
- Physiology Department, NKPS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Jin X, Satoh-Otonashi Y, Zamami Y, Takatori S, Hashikawa-Hobara N, Kitamura Y, Kawasaki H. New molecular mechanisms for cardiovascular disease: contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the regulation of vasoconstriction in peripheral resistance arteries. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:332-6. [PMID: 21757845 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10r30fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium regulates vascular tone via release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). The mesenteric vascular bed produces vascular resistance to develop blood pressure and regulate tissue blood flow that plays an important role in maintenance of systemic blood pressure. There is now strong evidence that in these small resistance arteries, EDHF plays a major role in the response to vasoactive substances and regulation of vascular tone. Pharmacological analysis to investigate the role of the vascular endothelium in the regulation of α₁-adrenoceptor agonist (methoxamine)-induced vasoconstriction in rat mesenteric vascular beds showed that vasoconstriction induced by continuous perfusion of methoxamine (7 µM), but not high KCl (60 mM), time-dependently decreased to 20% of the initial constriction. The time-dependent reduction of methoxamine-induced vasoconstriction was inhibited by endothelium removal, inhibitor of EDHF (30 mM KCl, K+-channel blockers), and gap-junction inhibitor, but not NO synthase inhibitor and cyclooxygenase inhibitor and ageing. These results suggest that vascular endothelium counteracts to normalize excess vasoconstriction of the mesenteric resistance arteries by releasing EDHF, which is associated with activation of multiple K+-channels and gap junction involvement and markedly decreases with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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Simm A. [Vessel aging. The role of oxidative stress and protein glycation]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 44:146-52. [PMID: 21678131 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-011-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The slow procession of the primary mechanisms of aging leads, at first, to unnoticed changes in the vascular system. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest markers in aging vessels, caused by oxidative stress via the reduction of the availability of NO, on the one hand, and the nitrosylation of proteins, on the other hand. At the same time, glycation of the proteins of the extracellular matrix leads to stiffening of the vessel wall. Together with the loss of elastic fibers, e.g., elastin, this leads to the age-related changes of the vessels. Knowledge of these primary mechanisms of aging may lead to the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Simm
- Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Altern in Halle, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube Strasse 40, Halle, Germany.
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Labinskyy N, Hicks S, Grijalva J, Edwards J. The Contrary Impact Of Diabetes And Exercise On Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Function. WEBMEDCENTRAL 2010; 1. [PMID: 27683619 DOI: 10.9754/journal.wmc.2010.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hung MY, Hsu KH, Hung MJ, Cheng CW, Cherng WJ. Interactions among gender, age, hypertension and C-reactive protein in coronary vasospasm. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:1094-103. [PMID: 20718850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary vasospasm (CVsp) has been reported to be an inflammatory disease, reflected by elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). We investigated the interactions among gender, age, hypertension and hs-CRP in patients with CVsp. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined 722 Taiwanese patients with or without CVsp during an 8-year period. None of the patients had obstructive coronary artery disease. Serum hs-CRP levels were examined in a subset of 375 patients to evaluate the interactions of hs-CRP with gender, age, smoking and hypertension in the development of CVsp. RESULTS In women, only the highest hs-CRP tertile (> 3 mg L⁻¹) was independently associated with CVsp. In men, age > 58 years and the highest hs-CRP tertile were independently associated with CVsp. In women, elevated risk was only demonstrated in patients ≤ 58 years of age with hs-CRP levels in the highest tertile. In men, a positively monotonic trend was demonstrated between hs-CRP levels and CVsp in those > 58 years of age. The odds ratios of CVsp in both women and men with hs-CRP in the highest tertile reduced from 6·01 to 1·48 and 6·35-2·69 respectively, if they had hypertension. CONCLUSION The relationship between hs-CRP and CVsp differed between men and women. Our findings that there is a non-threshold model in men and a threshold model in women provide evidence that more smokers in men (life-style) and age (induction time) contribute to the natural history of CVsp development. The negative effect of hypertension on CVsp suggests that the pathogenesis of CVsp differs from that of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yow Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Vessières E, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Toutain B, Guihot AL, Jardel A, Loufrani L, Henrion D. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition restored endothelium-mediated relaxation in old obese zucker rat mesenteric arteries. Front Physiol 2010; 1:145. [PMID: 21423385 PMCID: PMC3059951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2010.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced endothelial vasodilator function. It is also associated with the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which produces vasoactive prostanoids. The frequency of metabolic syndrome increases with age and aging per se is a risk factor associated with reduced endothelium-mediated relaxation. Nevertheless, the combined effect of aging and metabolic syndrome on the endothelium is less known. We hypothesized that COX2 derived prostanoids may affect endothelium function in metabolic syndrome associated with aging. We used obese Zucker rats, a model of metabolic syndrome. First order mesenteric arteries were isolated from 4- and 12-month-old rats and acetylcholine (endothelium)-dependent relaxation determined using wire-myography. Endothelium-mediated relaxation, impaired in young Zucker rats (89 versus 77% maximal relaxation; lean versus Zucker), was further reduced in old Zucker rats (72 versus 51%, lean versus Zucker). The effect of the nitric oxide-synthesis inhibitor L-NAME on the relaxation was reduced in both young and old Zucker rats without change in eNOS expression level. COX inhibition (indomethacin) improved acetylcholine-mediated relaxation in old obese rats only, suggesting involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids. In addition, COX2 inhibition (NS398) and TxA2/PGH2 receptor blockade (SQ29548) both improved relaxation in old Zucker rat arteries. Old Zucker rats had the highest TxB2 (TxA2 metabolite) blood level associated with increased COX2 immunostaining. Chronic COX2 blockade (Celecoxib, 3 weeks) restored endothelium-dependent relaxation in old Zucker rats to the level observed in old lean rats. Thus the combination of aging and metabolic syndrome further impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation by inducing an excessive production of COX2-derived vasoconstrictor(s); possibly TxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Vessières
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6214, Université d'Angers Angers, France
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Hallam KM, Li Q, Ananthakrishnan R, Kalea A, Zou YS, Vedantham S, Schmidt AM, Yan SF, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase and AGE-RAGE pathways: central roles in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in aging rats. Aging Cell 2010; 9:776-84. [PMID: 20670350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is inevitably accompanied by gradual and irreversible innate endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that accentuation of glucose metabolism via the aldose reductase (AR) pathway contributes to age-related vascular dysfunction. AR protein and activity levels were significantly increased in aged vs. young aortic homogenates from Fischer 344 rats. Immunostaining revealed that the principal site of increased AR protein was the aortic endothelium as well as smooth muscle cells. Studies revealed that endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR) in response to acetylcholine was impaired in aged rats compared to young rats and that treatment with the AR inhibitor (ARI) zopolrestat significantly improved EDR in aged rats. Methylglyoxal (MG), a key precursor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), was significantly increased in the aortas of aged rats vs. young rats. Consistent with central roles for AR in generation of MG in aging, ARI treatment significantly reduced MG levels in aged rat aorta to those in young rats. Treatment of aged rats with soluble(s) RAGE, a soluble form of the chief signal transduction receptor for AGEs, RAGE, significantly improved EDR in aged rats, thus establishing the contribution of age-related increases in AGEs to endothelial dysfunction. These findings reveal that significant increases in AR expression and activity in aged rat vasculature linked to endothelial dysfunction may be mitigated, at least in part, via ARI and that aging-linked increased flux via AR generates AGEs; species which transduce endothelial injury consequent to their interaction with RAGE. These data demonstrate for the first time that AR mediates aging-related vascular dysfunction, at least in part, via RAGE.
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