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Kwiatkowski M, Wong A, Fiderewicz A, Gehring C, Jaworski K. A SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit functions as a molecular tuner. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114146. [PMID: 38763313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are often modulated by kinases which are in turn, dependent on Ca2+ and the cyclic mononucleotides cAMP and cGMP. It has been established that some proteins have both kinase and cyclase activities and that active cyclases can be embedded within the kinase domains. Here, we identified phosphodiesterase (PDE) sites, enzymes that hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP, to AMP and GMP, respectively, in some of these proteins in addition to their kinase/cyclase twin-architecture. As an example, we tested the Arabidopsis thaliana KINγ, a subunit of the SnRK2 kinase, to demonstrate that all three enzymatic centres, adenylate cyclase (AC), guanylate cyclase (GC) and PDE, are catalytically active, capable of generating and hydrolysing cAMP and cGMP. These data imply that the signal output of the KINγ subunit modulates SnRK2, consequently affecting the downstream kinome. Finally, we propose a model where a single protein subunit, KINγ, is capable of regulating cyclic mononucleotide homeostasis, thereby tuning stimulus specific signal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China; Research Center for Integrative Plant Sciences, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Adam Fiderewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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Medvedev RY, Afolabi SO, Turner DGP, Glukhov AV. Mechanisms of stretch-induced electro-anatomical remodeling and atrial arrhythmogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:11-24. [PMID: 38797242 PMCID: PMC11260238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder, often occurring in the setting of atrial distension and elevated myocardialstretch. While various mechano-electrochemical signal transduction pathways have been linked to AF development and progression, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, hampering AF therapies. In this review, we describe different aspects of stretch-induced electro-anatomical remodeling as seen in animal models and in patients with AF. Specifically, we focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for mechano-electrochemical signal transduction and the development of ectopic beats triggering AF from pulmonary veins, the most common source of paroxysmal AF. Furthermore, we describe structural changes caused by stretch occurring before and shortly after the onset of AF as well as during AF progression, contributing to longstanding forms of AF. We also propose mechanical stretch as a new dimension to the concept "AF begets AF", in addition to underlying diseases. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of these electro-anatomical alterations in a search for potential therapeutic strategies and the development of novel antiarrhythmic drugs targeted at the components of mechano-electrochemical signal transduction not only in cardiac myocytes, but also in cardiac non-myocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Y Medvedev
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Daniel G P Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Saraiva HFRDA, Sangalli JR, Alves L, da Silveira JC, Meirelles FV, Perecin F. NPPC and AREG supplementation in IVM systems alter mRNA translation and decay programs-related gene expression in bovine COC. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230101. [PMID: 39021501 PMCID: PMC11253787 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
During oocyte meiosis resumption, a coordinated program of transcript translation and decay machinery promotes a remodeling of mRNA stores, which determines the success of the acquisition of competence and early embryo development. We investigated levels of two genes related to mRNA translation (CPEB1 and CPEB4) and two related to mRNA degradation (CNOT7 and ZFP36L2) machinery and found ZFP36L2 downregulated in in vitro-matured bovine oocytes compared to in vivo counterparts. Thereafter, we tested the effects of a pre-IVM step with NPPC and a modified IVM with AREG on the modulation of members of mRNA translation and degradation pathways in cumulus cells and oocytes. Our data showed a massive upregulation of genes associated with translational and decay processes in cumulus cells, promoted by NPPC and AREG supplementation, up to 9h of IVM. The oocytes were less affected by NPPC and AREG, and even though ZFP36L2 transcript and protein levels were downregulated at 9 and 19h of IVM, only one (KDM4C) from the ten target genes evaluated was differently expressed in these treatments. These data suggest that cumulus cells are more prone to respond to NPPC and AREG supplementation in vitro, regarding translational and mRNA decay programs. Given the important nursing role of these cells, further studies could contribute to a better understanding of the impact of these modulators in maternal mRNA modulation and improve IVM outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Luana Alves
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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Chen S, Chen J, Du W, Mickelsen DM, Shi H, Yu H, Kumar S, Yan C. PDE10A Inactivation Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Tumor Growth. Circ Res 2023; 133:138-157. [PMID: 37232184 PMCID: PMC10428174 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic nucleotides play critical roles in cardiovascular biology and disease. PDE10A (phosphodiesterase 10A) is able to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP. PDE10A expression is induced in various human tumor cell lines, and PDE10A inhibition suppresses tumor cell growth. Chemotherapy drug such as doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity of DOX remains to be a serious clinical complication. In the current study, we aim to determine the role of PDE10A and the effect of PDE10A inhibition on cancer growth and cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. METHODS We used global PDE10A knockout (KO) mice and PDE10A inhibitor TP-10 to block PDE10A function. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in C57Bl/6J mice and nude mice with implanted ovarian cancer xenografts. Isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes and a human ovarian cancer cell line were used for in vitro functional and mechanistic studies. RESULTS We found that PDE10A deficiency or inhibition alleviated DOX-induced myocardial atrophy, apoptosis, and dysfunction in C57Bl/6J mice. RNA sequencing study revealed a number of PDE10A-regulated signaling pathways involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. PDE10A inhibition increased the death, decreased the proliferation, and potentiated the effect of DOX on various human cancer cells. Importantly, in nude mice with implanted ovarian cancer xenografts, PDE10A inhibition attenuated tumor growth while protecting DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In isolated cardiomyocytes, PDE10A contributed to DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death via increasing Top2β (topoisomerase 2β) expression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage by antagonizing cGMP/PKG (protein kinase G) signaling. PDE10A contributed to cardiomyocyte atrophy via potentiating FoxO3 (forkhead box O3) signaling via both cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)- and cGMP/PKG-dependent signaling. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study elucidates a novel role for PDE10A in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX and cancer growth. Given that PDE10A has been already proven to be a safe drug target, PDE10A inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy, with effects preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and simultaneously antagonizing cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Current position: Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
- Current position: Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Wenting Du
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Current Position: Department of Geriatrics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Deanne M. Mickelsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hangchuan Shi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sparsh Kumar
- Multidisciplinary Studies Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Zhou J, Welinder C, Ekström P. The Phosphoproteome of the Rd1 Mouse Retina, a Model of Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration, Changes after Protein Kinase G Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9836. [PMID: 37372984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a frequent cause of blindness among the working population in industrial countries due to the inheritable death of photoreceptors. Though gene therapy was recently approved for mutations in the RPE65 gene, there is in general no effective treatment presently. Previously, abnormally high levels of cGMP and overactivation of its dependent protein kinase (PKG) have been suggested as causative for the fatal effects on photoreceptors, making it meaningful to explore the cGMP-PKG downstream signaling for more pathological insights and novel therapeutic target development purposes. Here, we manipulated the cGMP-PKG system in degenerating retinas from the rd1 mouse model pharmacologically via adding a PKG inhibitory cGMP-analogue to organotypic retinal explant cultures. A combination of phosphorylated peptide enrichment and mass spectrometry was then applied to study the cGMP-PKG-dependent phosphoproteome. We identified a host of novel potential cGMP-PKG downstream substrates and related kinases using this approach and selected the RAF1 protein, which may act as both a substrate and a kinase, for further validation. This showed that the RAS/RAF1/MAPK/ERK pathway may be involved in retinal degeneration in a yet unclarified mechanism, thus deserving further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhou
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Mass Spectrometry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ekström
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Dorschel KB, Wanebo JE. Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the molecular and cellular biology of angiogenesis and inflammation in moyamoya angiopathy and related vascular diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:661611. [PMID: 37273690 PMCID: PMC10236939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.661611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) remain largely unknown. MMA is a progressive, occlusive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels that creates a collateral circulation; and by aberrant angiogenesis at the base of the brain. Imbalance of angiogenic and vasculogenic mechanisms has been proposed as a potential cause of MMA. Moyamoya vessels suggest that aberrant angiogenic, arteriogenic, and vasculogenic processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of MMA. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells have been hypothesized to contribute to vascular remodeling in MMA. MMA is associated with increased expression of angiogenic factors and proinflammatory molecules. Systemic inflammation may be related to MMA pathogenesis. Objective This literature review describes the molecular mechanisms associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, aberrant angiogenesis, and inflammation in MMA and related cerebrovascular diseases along with treatment strategies and future research perspectives. Methods and results References were identified through a systematic computerized search of the medical literature from January 1, 1983, through July 29, 2022, using the PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, CNKI, ISI web of science, and Medline databases and various combinations of the keywords "moyamoya," "angiogenesis," "anastomotic network," "molecular mechanism," "physiology," "pathophysiology," "pathogenesis," "biomarker," "genetics," "signaling pathway," "blood-brain barrier," "endothelial progenitor cells," "endothelial function," "inflammation," "intracranial hemorrhage," and "stroke." Relevant articles and supplemental basic science articles almost exclusively published in English were included. Review of the reference lists of relevant publications for additional sources resulted in 350 publications which met the study inclusion criteria. Detection of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines in MMA patients suggests the hypothesis of aberrant angiogenesis being involved in MMA pathogenesis. It remains to be ascertained whether these findings are consequences of MMA or are etiological factors of MMA. Conclusions MMA is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising various genotypes and phenotypes, with a complex pathophysiology. Additional research may advance our understanding of the pathophysiology involved in aberrant angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, and the formation of moyamoya collaterals and anastomotic networks. Future research will benefit from researching molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms and the correlation of clinical and basic research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Dorschel
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E. Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Scotece M, Hämäläinen M, Leppänen T, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. MKP-1 Deficiency Exacerbates Skin Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Scleroderma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054668. [PMID: 36902103 PMCID: PMC10002998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma is a chronic fibrotic disease, where proinflammatory and profibrotic events precede collagen accumulation. MKP-1 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1] downregulates inflammatory MAPK pathways suppressing inflammation. MKP-1 also supports Th1 polarization, which could shift Th1/Th2 balance away from profibrotic Th2 profile prevalent in scleroderma. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective role of MKP-1 in scleroderma. We utilized bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis model as a well-characterized experimental model of scleroderma. Dermal fibrosis and collagen deposition as well as the expression of inflammatory and profibrotic mediators were analyzed in the skin samples. Bleomycin-induced dermal thickness and lipodystrophy were increased in MKP-1-deficient mice. MKP-1 deficiency enhanced collagen accumulation and increased expression of collagens, 1A1 and 3A1, in the dermis. Bleomycin-treated skin from MKP-1-deficient mice also showed enhanced expression of inflammatory and profibrotic factors IL-6, TGF-β1, fibronectin-1 and YKL-40, and chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-2, as compared to wild-type mice. The results show, for the first time, that MKP-1 protects from bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis, suggesting that MKP-1 favorably modifies inflammation and fibrotic processes that drive the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Compounds enhancing the expression or activity of MKP-1 could thus prevent fibrotic processes in scleroderma and possess potential as a novel immunomodulative drug.
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Foussard N, Rouault P, Cornuault L, Reynaud A, Buys ES, Chapouly C, Gadeau AP, Couffinhal T, Mohammedi K, Renault MA. Praliciguat Promotes Ischemic Leg Reperfusion in Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice. Circ Res 2023; 132:34-48. [PMID: 36448444 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower-limb peripheral artery disease is one of the major complications of diabetes. Peripheral artery disease is associated with poor limb and cardiovascular prognoses, along with a dramatic decrease in life expectancy. Despite major medical advances in the treatment of diabetes, a substantial therapeutic gap remains in the peripheral artery disease population. Praliciguat is an orally available sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) stimulator that has been reported both preclinically and in early stage clinical trials to have favorable effects in metabolic and hemodynamic outcomes, suggesting that it may have a potential beneficial effect in peripheral artery disease. METHODS We evaluated the effect of praliciguat on hind limb ischemia recovery in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Hind limb ischemia was induced in leptin receptor-deficient (Leprdb/db) mice by ligation and excision of the left femoral artery. Praliciguat (10 mg/kg/day) was administered in the diet starting 3 days before surgery. RESULTS Twenty-eight days after surgery, ischemic foot perfusion and function parameters were better in praliciguat-treated mice than in vehicle controls. Improved ischemic foot perfusion was not associated with either improved traditional cardiovascular risk factors (ie, weight, glycemia) or increased angiogenesis. However, treatment with praliciguat significantly increased arteriole diameter, decreased ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) expression, and prevented the accumulation of oxidative proangiogenic and proinflammatory muscle fibers. While investigating the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of praliciguat therapy, we found that praliciguat significantly downregulated Myh2 and Cxcl12 mRNA expression in cultured myoblasts and that conditioned medium form praliciguat-treated myoblast decreased ICAM1 mRNA expression in endothelial cells. These results suggest that praliciguat therapy may decrease ICAM1 expression in endothelial cells by downregulating Cxcl12 in myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that praliciguat promotes blood flow recovery in the ischemic muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes, at least in part by increasing arteriole diameter and by downregulating ICAM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon Foussard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Paul Rouault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Lauriane Cornuault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Annabel Reynaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | | | - Candice Chapouly
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France (N.F., P.R., L.C., A.R., C.C., A.-P.G., T.C., K.M., M.-A.R.)
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Faleeva M, Diakonov I, Srivastava P, Ramuz M, Calamera G, Andressen KW, Bork N, Tsansizi L, Cosson MV, Bernardo AS, Nikolaev V, Gorelik J. Compartmentation of cGMP Signaling in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes during Prolonged Culture. Cells 2022; 11:3257. [PMID: 36291124 PMCID: PMC9600086 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefit of stimulating the cGMP pathway as a form of treatment to combat heart failure, as well as other fibrotic pathologies, has become well established. However, the development and signal compartmentation of this crucial pathway has so far been overlooked. We studied how the three main cGMP pathways, namely, nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP, natriuretic peptide (NP)-cGMP, and β3-adrenoreceptor (AR)-cGMP, mature over time in culture during cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs). After introducing a cGMP sensor for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy, we used selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition to reveal cGMP signal compartmentation in hPSC-CMs at various times of culture. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin was employed to remove cholesterol and thus to destroy caveolae in these cells, where physical cGMP signaling compartmentalization is known to occur in adult cardiomyocytes. We identified PDE3 as regulator of both the NO-cGMP and NP-cGMP pathway in the early stages of culture. At the late stage, the role of the NO-cGMP pathway diminished, and it was predominantly regulated by PDE1, PDE2, and PDE5. The NP-cGMP pathway shows unrestricted locally and unregulated cGMP signaling. Lastly, we observed that maturation of the β3-AR-cGMP pathway in prolonged cultures of hPSC-CMs depends on the accumulation of caveolae. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of structural development for the necessary compartmentation of the cGMP pathway in maturing hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faleeva
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ivan Diakonov
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Masoud Ramuz
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gaia Calamera
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadja Bork
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreia Sofia Bernardo
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Cardiac Section, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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10
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Geh D, Leslie J, Rumney R, Reeves HL, Bird TG, Mann DA. Neutrophils as potential therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:257-273. [PMID: 35022608 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The success of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment contributed to a shift in systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) towards combinations that include cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Thus far, the principal focus of cancer immunotherapy has been on interrupting immune checkpoints that suppress antitumour lymphocytes. As well as lymphocytes, the HCC environment includes numerous other immune cell types, among which neutrophils are emerging as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of HCC. A growing body of evidence supports neutrophils as key mediators of the immunosuppressive environment in which some cancers develop, as well as drivers of tumour progression. If neutrophils have a similar role in HCC, approaches that target or manipulate neutrophils might have therapeutic benefits, potentially including sensitization of tumours to conventional immunotherapy. Several neutrophil-directed therapies for patients with HCC (and other cancers) are now entering clinical trials. This Review outlines the evidence in support of neutrophils as drivers of HCC and details their mechanistic roles in development, progression and metastasis, highlighting the reasons that neutrophils are well worth investigating despite the challenges associated with studying them. Neutrophil-modulating anticancer therapies entering clinical trials are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Geh
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rob Rumney
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Multidisciplinary Team, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Abstract
The global mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs associated with cardiometabolic disease, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are substantial and represent an expanding unmet medical need. Herein, we have identified a physiological role for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in regulating key processes, including thermogenesis and adipogenesis, which combine to coordinate metabolic function and prevent the development of cardiometabolic disorders. This protective mechanism, which is in part mediated via an autocrine action of CNP on adipocytes, is underpinned by activation of cognate natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)-B and NPR-C. This mechanism advances the fundamental understanding of energy homeostasis and glucose handling and offers the promise of improving the treatment of cardiometabolic disease. Thermogenesis and adipogenesis are tightly regulated mechanisms that maintain lipid homeostasis and energy balance; dysfunction of these critical processes underpins obesity and contributes to cardiometabolic disease. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) fulfills a multimodal protective role in the cardiovascular system governing local blood flow, angiogenesis, cardiac function, and immune cell reactivity. Herein, we investigated a parallel, preservative function for CNP in coordinating metabolic homeostasis. Global inducible CNP knockout mice exhibited reduced body weight, higher temperature, lower adiposity, and greater energy expenditure in vivo. This thermogenic phenotype was associated with increased expression of uncoupling protein-1 and preferential lipid utilization by mitochondria, a switch corroborated by a corresponding diminution of insulin secretion and glucose clearance. Complementary studies in isolated murine and human adipocytes revealed that CNP exerts these metabolic regulatory actions by inhibiting sympathetic thermogenic programming via Gi-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-C and reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression, while concomitantly driving adipogenesis via NPR-B/protein kinase-G. Finally, we identified an association between CNP/NPR-C expression and obesity in patient samples. These findings establish a pivotal physiological role for CNP as a metabolic switch to balance energy homeostasis. Pharmacological targeting of these receptors may offer therapeutic utility in the metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular disorders.
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12
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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enterotoxins regulate epithelial to immune relay of IL-33 and IL-1Ra cytokines. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0063721. [PMID: 35191758 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00637-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remain a major cause of diarrheal mortality and morbidity in children in low-resource settings. Few studies have explored the consequences of simultaneous intoxication with heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins despite the increased prevalence of wild ETEC isolates expressing both toxins. We therefore used a combination of tissue culture and murine models to explore the impact of simultaneous ST+LT intoxication of epithelial and myeloid cell responses. We report that LT induces sustained IL-33 and IL-1Ra responses in T84 intestinal epithelial cells via cAMP-production and protein kinase A activation. We demonstrate that combined ST+LT intoxication hastens epithelial transcriptional responses induced more slowly by LT alone. ST- and LT-mediated luminal fluid accumulation in vivo correlates with significant increases in IL-33 and IL-1Ra in small intestinal mucosal scrapings. Additionally, IL-33 receptor (IL-33R)-deficient mice are less susceptible to ST-mediated secretion. In the immune compartment, IL-33 is sensed by myeloid cells, and LT suppresses IL-33-induced TNFα secretion from macrophages but amplifies IL-33-mediated induction of IL-6 from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. In conclusion, our studies suggest that enterotoxin-induced IL-33 and IL-1Ra modulate intestinal inflammation and IL-1 receptor signaling in the intestinal mucosa in response to ETEC enterotoxins.
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13
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Gu M, Zhou X, Zhu L, Gao Y, Gao L, Bai C, Yang L, Li G. Myostatin Mutation Promotes Glycolysis by Increasing Phosphorylation of Phosphofructokinase via Activation of PDE5A-cGMP-PKG in Cattle Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:774185. [PMID: 35155444 PMCID: PMC8831326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a primary negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and causes multiple metabolic changes. However, whether MSTN mutation affects heart morphology and physiology remains unclear. Myostatin mutation (MT) had no effect on cattle cardiac muscle in histological examination, but in biochemical assays, glycolysis increased in cattle hearts with MT. Compared with wild-type cattle, there were no differences in mRNA and protein levels of rate-limiting enzymes, but phosphofructokinase (PFK) phosphorylation increased in cattle hearts with MT. Transcriptome analysis showed that phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A), a target for inhibiting cGMP-PKG signaling, was downregulated. For the mechanism, chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR showed that the SMAD2/SMAD3 complex in the canonical downstream pathway for MSTN combined with the promoter of PDE5A. The cGMP-PKG pathway was activated, and PKG increased phosphorylation of PFK in cattle hearts with MT. In addition, activation of PKG and the increase in PFK phosphorylation promoted glycolysis. Knockdown of PKG resulted in the opposite phenomena. The results indicated that MT potentiated PFK phosphorylation via the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway and thereby promoted glycolysis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Gao
- Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang, ; Guangpeng Li,
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang, ; Guangpeng Li,
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14
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Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. The Pathophysiology of H2S in Renal Glomerular Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020207. [PMID: 35204708 PMCID: PMC8961591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal glomerular diseases such as glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy often result in the loss of glomerular function and consequently end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus consists of endothelial cells, mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cells also referred to as podocytes. A fine-tuned crosstalk between glomerular cells warrants control of growth factor synthesis and of matrix production and degradation, preserving glomerular structure and function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) belongs together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) to the group of gasotransmitters. During the last three decades, these higher concentration toxic gases have been found to be produced in mammalian cells in a well-coordinated manner. Recently, it became evident that H2S and the other gasotransmitters share common targets as signalling devices that trigger mainly protective pathways. In several animal models, H2S has been demonstrated as a protective factor in the context of kidney disorders, in particular of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we focus on the synthesis and action of H2S in glomerular cells, its beneficial effects in the glomerulus and its action in the context of the other gaseous signalling molecules NO and CO.
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15
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Tellios V, Maksoud MJE, Lu WY. The expression and function of glutamate aspartate transporters in Bergmann glia are decreased in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-knockout mice during postnatal development. Glia 2022; 70:858-874. [PMID: 35006609 PMCID: PMC9304205 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bergmann glia (BG) predominantly use glutamate/aspartate transporters (GLAST) for glutamate uptake in the cerebellum. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) treatment has been shown to upregulate GLAST function and increase glutamate uptake in vitro. We previously discovered that neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout (nNOS−/−) mice displayed structural and functional neuronal abnormalities in the cerebellum during development, in addition to previously reported motor deficits. Although these developmental deficits have been identified in the nNOS−/− cerebellum, it is unknown whether BG morphology and GLAST expression are also affected in the absence of nNOS in vivo. This study is the first to characterize BG morphology and GLAST expression during development in nNOS−/− mice using immunohistochemistry and western blotting across postnatal development. Results showed that BG in nNOS−/− mice exhibited abnormal morphology and decreased GLAST expression compared with wildtype (WT) mice across postnatal development. Treating ex vivo WT cerebellar slices with the NOS inhibitor L‐NAME decreased GLAST expression while treating nNOS−/− slices with the slow‐release NO‐donor NOC‐18 increased GLAST expression when compared with their respective controls. In addition, treating primary BG isolated from WT mice with the selective nNOS inhibitor 7N decreased the membrane expression of GLAST and influx of Ca2+/Na+, while treating nNOS−/− BG with SNAP increased the membrane expression of GLAST and Ca2+/Na+ influx. Moreover, the effects of SNAP on GLAST expression and Ca2+/Na+ influx in nNOS−/− BG were significantly reduced by a PKG inhibitor. Together, these results reveal a novel role for nNOS/NO signaling in BG development, regulated by a PKG‐mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tellios
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J E Maksoud
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Zinc-mediated activation of CREB pathway in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:103. [PMID: 34635097 PMCID: PMC8504081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor CREB is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the role and regulatory signaling of CREB in PH. METHODS A series of techniques, including bioinformatics methods, western blot, cell proliferation and luciferase reporter assay were used to perform a comprehensive analysis of the role and regulation of CREB in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in PH. RESULTS Using bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the development of monocrotaline (MCT)- and hypoxia-induced PH, we found the overrepresentation of CRE-containing DEGs. Western blot analysis revealed a sustained increase in total- and phosphorylated-CREB in PASMCs isolated from rats treated with MCT. Similarly, an enhanced and prolonged serum-induced CREB phosphorylation was observed in hypoxia-pretreated PASMCs. The sustained CREB phosphorylation in PASMCs may be associated with multiple protein kinases phosphorylated CREB. Additionally, hierarchical clustering analysis showed reduced expression of the majority of CREB phosphatases in PH, including regulatory subunits of PP2A, Ppp2r2c and Ppp2r3a. Cell proliferation analysis showed increased PASMCs proliferation in MCT-induced PH, an effect relied on CREB-mediated transcriptional activity. Further analysis revealed the raised intracellular labile zinc possibly from ZIP12 was associated with reduced phosphatases, increased CREB-mediated transcriptional activity and PASMCs proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CREB pathway was overactivated in the development of PH and contributed to PASMCs proliferation, which was associated with multiple protein kinases and/or reduced CREB phosphatases and raised intracellular zinc. Thus, this study may provide a novel insight into the CREB pathway in the pathogenesis of PH. Video abstract.
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17
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cGMP-PKG dependent transcriptome in normal and degenerating retinas: Novel insights into the retinitis pigmentosa pathology. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108752. [PMID: 34478738 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa represents a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive vision loss via degeneration of photoreceptors, but there is in principle no treatment available. For any therapy development, a deeper comprehension of the disease-leading mechanism(s) at the molecular level is needed. Here we focused on the cGMP-PKG system, which has been suggested to be a driver in several models of the disease. To gain insights in its downstream signaling we manipulated the cGMP-PKG system with the aid of organotypic retinal explant cultures from either a mouse-based disease model, i.e. the rd1 mouse, or its healthy wild-type counterpart (wt), by adding different types of cGMP analogues to either inhibit or activate PKG in retinal explants from rd1 and wt, respectively. An RNA sequencing was then performed to study the cGMP-PKG dependent transcriptome. Expression changes of gene sets related to specific pathways or functions, that fulfilled criteria involving that the changes should match PKG activation and inhibition, were determined via bioinformatics. The analyses highlighted that several gene sets linked to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial pathways were regulated by this enzyme system. Specifically, the expression of such pathway components was upregulated in the rd1 treated with PKG inhibitor and downregulated in the wt with PKG activator treatment, suggesting that cGMP-PKG act as a negative regulator in this context. Downregulation of energy production pathways may thus play an integral part in the mechanism behind the degeneration for at least several RP mutations.
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18
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Mineharu Y, Miyamoto S. RNF213 and GUCY1A3 in Moyamoya Disease: Key Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Vascular Stability. Front Neurol 2021; 12:687088. [PMID: 34381413 PMCID: PMC8350054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.687088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic chronically progressive cerebrovascular disease, which causes both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic studies identified RNF213/Mysterin and GUCY1A3 as disease-causing genes. They were also known to be associated with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease, coronary artery disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. This review focused on these two molecules and their strong linker, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and caveolin to understand the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and related vascular diseases. They are important regulators of lipid metabolism especially lipotoxicity, NF-κB mediated inflammation, and nitric oxide-mediated vascular protection. Although intimal thickening with fibrosis and damaged vascular smooth muscle cells are the distinguishing features of moyamoya disease, origin of the fibrous tissue and the mechanism of smooth muscle cell damages remains not fully elucidated. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells have long been a focus of interest, but other vascular components such as immune cells and extracellular matrix also need to be investigated in future studies. Molecular research on moyamoya disease would give us a clue to understand the mechanism preserving vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mineharu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Transcription factors regulated by cAMP in smooth muscle of the myometrium at human parturition. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:997-1011. [PMID: 33860781 PMCID: PMC8106496 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contributes to maintenance of a quiescent (relaxed) state in the myometrium (i.e. uterine smooth muscle) during pregnancy, which most commonly has been attributed to activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA-mediated phosphorylation of cytosolic contractile apparatus components in myometrial smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) are known to promote relaxation. Additionally, PKA also regulates nuclear transcription factor (TF) activity to control expression of genes important to the labour process; these are mostly involved in actin-myosin interactions, cell-to-cell connectivity and inflammation, all of which influence mSMC transition from a quiescent to a contractile (pro-labour) phenotype. This review focuses on the evidence that cAMP modulates the activity of TFs linked to pro-labour gene expression, predominantly cAMP response element (CRE) binding TFs, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) family and progesterone receptors (PRs). This review also considers the more recently described exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) that may oppose the pro-quiescent effects of PKA, as well as explores findings from other cell types that have the potential to be of novel relevance to cAMP action on TF function in the myometrium.
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20
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Mirczuk SM, Scudder CJ, Read JE, Crossley VJ, Regan JT, Richardson KM, Simbi B, McArdle CA, Church DB, Fenn J, Kenny PJ, Volk HA, Wheeler-Jones CP, Korbonits M, Niessen SJ, McGonnell IM, Fowkes RC. Natriuretic Peptide Expression and Function in GH3 Somatolactotropes and Feline Somatotrope Pituitary Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031076. [PMID: 33499110 PMCID: PMC7865297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients harbouring mutations in genes encoding C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP; NPPC) or its receptor guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B, NPR2) suffer from severe growth phenotypes; loss-of-function mutations cause achondroplasia, whereas gain-of-function mutations cause skeletal overgrowth. Although most of the effects of CNP/GC-B on growth are mediated directly on bone, evidence suggests the natriuretic peptides may also affect anterior pituitary control of growth. Our previous studies described the expression of NPPC and NPR2 in a range of human pituitary tumours, normal human pituitary, and normal fetal human pituitary. However, the natriuretic peptide system in somatotropes has not been extensively explored. Here, we examine the expression and function of the CNP/GC-B system in rat GH3 somatolactotrope cell line and pituitary tumours from a cohort of feline hypersomatotropism (HST; acromegaly) patients. Using multiplex RT-qPCR, all three natriuretic peptides and their receptors were detected in GH3 cells. The expression of Nppc was significantly enhanced following treatment with either 100 nM TRH or 10 µM forskolin, yet only Npr1 expression was sensitive to forskolin stimulation; the effects of forskolin and TRH on Nppc expression were PKA- and MAPK-dependent, respectively. CNP stimulation of GH3 somatolactotropes significantly inhibited Esr1, Insr and Lepr expression, but dramatically enhanced cFos expression at the same time point. Oestrogen treatment significantly enhanced expression of Nppa, Nppc, Npr1, and Npr2 in GH3 somatolactotropes, but inhibited CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation. Finally, transcripts for all three natriuretic peptides and receptors were expressed in feline pituitary tumours from patients with HST. NPPC expression was negatively correlated with pituitary tumour volume and SSTR5 expression, but positively correlated with D2R and GHR expression. Collectively, these data provide mechanisms that control expression and function of CNP in somatolactotrope cells, and identify putative transcriptional targets for CNP action in somatotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Christopher J. Scudder
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Jordan E. Read
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Victoria J. Crossley
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Jacob T. Regan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Karen M. Richardson
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Bigboy Simbi
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Craig A. McArdle
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK;
| | - David B. Church
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Joseph Fenn
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Patrick J. Kenny
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113 NSW, Australia
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline P. Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Stijn J. Niessen
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Imelda M. McGonnell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Robert C. Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +11-44-207-468-1215
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Abstract
The 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI aka PKGI) is a major cardiac effector acting downstream of nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase and natriuretic peptides (NPs), which signal through transmembrane guanylyl cyclases. Consistent with the wide distribution of the cGMP-generating guanylyl cyclases, cGKI, which usually elicits its cellular effects by direct phosphorylation of its targets, is present in multiple cardiac cell types including cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although numerous targets of cGMP/cGKI in heart were identified in the past, neither their exact patho-/physiological functions nor cell-type specific roles are clear. Herein, we inform about the current knowledge on the signal transduction downstream of CM cGKI. We believe that better insights into the specific actions of cGMP and cGKI in these cells will help to guide future studies in the search for predictive biomarkers for the response to pharmacological cGMP pathway modulation. In addition, targets downstream of cGMP/cGKI may be exploited for refined and optimized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in different types of heart disease and their causes. Importantly, key functions of these proteins and particularly sites of regulatory phosphorylation by cGKI should, at least in principle, remain intact, although upstream signaling through the second messenger cGMP is impaired or dysregulated in a stressed or diseased heart state.
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22
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Boycott HE, Nguyen MN, Vrellaku B, Gehmlich K, Robinson P. Nitric Oxide and Mechano-Electrical Transduction in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606740. [PMID: 33384614 PMCID: PMC7770138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability§ of the heart to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment is critical for normal cardiac physiology. The role of nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a mediator of mechanical signaling. Produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthases, nitric oxide affects almost all mechano-transduction pathways within the cardiomyocyte, with roles mediating mechano-sensing, mechano-electric feedback (via modulation of ion channel activity), and calcium handling. As more precise experimental techniques for applying mechanical stresses to cells are developed, the role of these forces in cardiomyocyte function can be further understood. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms are now available to elucidate the role of these enzymes in mediating mechano-electrical signaling. Understanding of the links between nitric oxide production and mechano-electrical signaling is incomplete, particularly whether mechanically sensitive ion channels are regulated by nitric oxide, and how this affects the cardiac action potential. This is of particular relevance to conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, in which nitric oxide production is reduced. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide/mechano-electrical signaling pathways are likely to be a feature of cardiac pathology (e.g., atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure) and a better understanding of the importance of nitric oxide signaling and its links to mechanical regulation of heart function may advance our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Boycott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Khan FH, Dervan E, Bhattacharyya DD, McAuliffe JD, Miranda KM, Glynn SA. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Cancer: Master Regulator or NOt? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249393. [PMID: 33321789 PMCID: PMC7763974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key player in both the development and suppression of tumourigenesis depending on the source and concentration of NO. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which NO induces DNA damage, influences the DNA damage repair response, and subsequently modulates cell cycle arrest. In some circumstances, NO induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis protecting against tumourigenesis. NO in other scenarios can cause a delay in cell cycle progression, allowing for aberrant DNA repair that promotes the accumulation of mutations and tumour heterogeneity. Within the tumour microenvironment, low to moderate levels of NO derived from tumour and endothelial cells can activate angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promoting an aggressive phenotype. In contrast, high levels of NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressing M1 and Th1 polarised macrophages and lymphocytes may exert an anti-tumour effect protecting against cancer. It is important to note that the existing evidence on immunomodulation is mainly based on murine iNOS studies which produce higher fluxes of NO than human iNOS. Finally, we discuss different strategies to target NO related pathways therapeutically. Collectively, we present a picture of NO as a master regulator of cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan H. Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Eoin Dervan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Dibyangana D. Bhattacharyya
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jake D. McAuliffe
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Katrina M. Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (F.H.K.); (E.D.); (D.D.B.); (J.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhao P, Song Z, Wang Y, Cai H, Du X, Li C, Lv J, Liu X, Guo M, Chen Z. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G pathway activates primordial follicles. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1096-1119. [PMID: 33291075 PMCID: PMC7835019 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the well-organized activation of quiescent primordial follicles is pivotal for female reproductive reserve. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms underlying primordial follicle activation in mice. We found that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its downstream effectors, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG), were expressed in pre-granulosa cells and promoted primordial follicle activation, oocyte growth and granulosa cell proliferation in neonatal ovaries. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) colocalized with PKG in pre-granulosa cells and was essential for eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway-induced primordial follicle activation. The eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway was found to stabilize mTOR protein. The mRNA levels of F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, correlated negatively with mTOR protein levels in neonatal ovaries. FBXW7 bound to and destabilized mTOR protein in pre-granulosa cells in a ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent manner. However, agonists of the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway reduced FBXW7 mRNA levels. FBXW7 overexpression suppressed primordial follicle activation and prevented the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway from activating primordial follicles and stabilizing mTOR protein. These findings demonstrate that the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway activates primordial follicles by suppressing FBXW7-induced ubiquitination of mTOR in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zidai Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changlong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. Gasotransmitter synthesis and signalling in the renal glomerulus. Implications for glomerular diseases. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109823. [PMID: 33152441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular injury is a hallmark of kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy or other forms of glomerulonephritis. Glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) and, in an inflammatory context, infiltrating immune cells crosstalk to mediate signalling processes in the glomerulus. Under physiological conditions, mesangial cells act by the control of extracellular matrix production and degradation, by the synthesis of growth factors and by preserving a well-defined crosstalk with glomerular podocytes and endothelial cells to regulate glomerular structure and function. It is well known that mesangial cells are able to amplify an inflammatory process by the formation of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). This exaggerated reaction may result in a vicious cycle with subsequent damage of neighboured podocytes and endothelial cells, loss of the filtration barrier and, finally destruction of the whole glomerulus. Unfortunately, all efforts to develop new therapies for the treatment of glomerular diseases by controlling unbridled ROS or NO production directly had so far no success. However, on-going research on ROS and NO defined these autacoids more as important signalling molecules than as endogenously produced cytotoxic compounds. New findings on signalling activities of ROS, NO but also hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) supported this paradigm shift. Because of their similar chemical properties and their similar signal transduction capacities, NO, H2S and CO are meanwhile designated as the group of gasotransmitters. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the signalling properties of gasotransmitters with a focus on glomerular cells and their role in glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Friedrich Beck
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Tian Y, Yang S, Gao S. Advances, Perspectives and Potential Engineering Strategies of Light-Gated Phosphodiesterases for Optogenetic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7544. [PMID: 33066112 PMCID: PMC7590022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messengers, cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cGMP), play important roles in many animal cells by regulating intracellular signaling pathways and modulating cell physiology. Environmental cues like temperature, light, and chemical compounds can stimulate cell surface receptors and trigger the generation of second messengers and the following regulations. The spread of cAMP and cGMP is further shaped by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) for orchestration of intracellular microdomain signaling. However, localized intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling requires further investigation. Optogenetic manipulation of cAMP and cGMP offers new opportunities for spatio-temporally precise study of their signaling mechanism. Light-gated nucleotide cyclases are well developed and applied for cAMP/cGMP manipulation. Recently discovered rhodopsin phosphodiesterase genes from protists established a new and direct biological connection between light and PDEs. Light-regulated PDEs are under development, and of demand to complete the toolkit for cAMP/cGMP manipulation. In this review, we summarize the state of the art, pros and cons of artificial and natural light-regulated PDEs, and discuss potential new strategies of developing light-gated PDEs for optogenetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
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27
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Increased O-GlcNAcylation induces myocardial hypertrophy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:735-743. [PMID: 32996013 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is a common precursor of many diseases, and it can lead to myocardial ischemia and weaken cardiac contractility. High-sugar diets and diabetes are high risk factors for cardiac hypertrophy. O-GlcNAcylation, a dynamic and ubiquitous post-translational glycosylation of proteins on serine/threonine residues, has been usually considered as a nutrient sensor. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia lead to an enhancement of protein O-GlcNAcylation; however, whether excessive O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation of proteins in cardiomyocytes causes cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. In this study, we treated cultured primary cardiomyocytes or mice with streptozotocin (STZ) or PUGNAc, two inhibitors of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) to elevate cellular O-GlcNAcylation. We found that increased O-GlcNAcylation induced hypertrophy-like changes by detecting cardiomyocyte morphology or measuring the thickness of mice left ventricular wall with HE staining. The mRNA levels of cardiac hypertrophy-related genes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), are increased in drug treatment groups. We further found that the increase of O-GlcNAcylation upregulated the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in cultured primary cells and in vivo by detecting the phosphorylation level of CREB by Western blot and the mRNA levels of CREB downstream targets C-fos and C-jun by RT-qPCR. These results suggest that the increased O-GlcNAcylation in cardiomyocytes is associated with cardiac hypertrophy both in cultured cells and in vivo, which provides possible intervention targets and approaches for the clinical treatment of myocardial hypertrophy triggered by high carbohydrate diets.
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28
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Morgan ET, Skubic C, Lee CM, Cokan KB, Rozman D. Regulation of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity and expression by nitric oxide in the context of inflammatory disease. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:455-471. [PMID: 32898444 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1817061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes and their associated drug metabolizing activities are down-regulated in disease states, and much of this has been associated with inflammatory cytokines and their signaling pathways. One such pathway is the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and generation of nitric oxide (NO) in many tissues and cells including the liver and hepatocytes. Experiments in the 1990s demonstrated that NO could bind to and inhibit P450 enzymes, and suggested that inhibition of NOS could attenuate, and NO generation could mimic, the down-regulation by inflammatory stimuli of not only P450 catalytic activities but also of mRNA expression and protein levels of certain P450 enzymes. This review will summarize and examine the evidence that NO functionally inhibits and down-regulates P450 enzymes in vivo and in vitro, with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which these effects are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cene Skubic
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Choon-Myung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Singh S. Updates on Versatile Role of Putative Gasotransmitter Nitric Oxide: Culprit in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2407-2415. [PMID: 32564594 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile gasotransmitter that contributes in a range of physiological and pathological mechanims depending on its cellular levels. An appropriate concentration of NO is essentially required for cellular physiology; however, its increased level triggers pathological mechanisms like altered cellular redox regulation, functional impairment of mitochondrion, and modifications in cellular proteins and DNA. Its increased levels also exhibit post-translational modifications in protein through S-nitrosylation of their thiol amino acids, which critically affect the cellular physiology. Along with such modifications, NO could also nitrosylate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane located sensors of ER stress, which subsequently affect the cellular protein degradation capacity and lead to aggregation of misfolded/unfolded proteins. Since protein aggregation is one of the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease, NO should be taken into account during development of disease therapies. In this Review, we shed light on the diverse role of NO in both cellular physiology and pathology and discussed its involvement in various pathological events in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
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30
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Riociguat ameliorates kidney injury and fibrosis in an animal model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:706-712. [PMID: 32768189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the greatest health burdens with an increasing global prevalence. Renal fibrosis (RF) is the hallmark of all forms of CKD which shows a strong positive correlation with severity of the disease. However, there are no therapeutic options available for treatment of RF. In the present study, we used an animal model based on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), for renal injury and fibrosis. The UUO animals were treated with soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) stimulator, riociguat (RIO) (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) to investigate its possible renoprotective effects. Kidneys of animals treated with RIO were found to show less abnormalities as compared to UUO control. Further, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were reduced in RIO treated group. Furthermore, administration of RIO reduced expression of collagen-1, TGF-β, CTGF, α-SMA, vimentin along with transcription factors including Snail and Slug. The results of the present study provided strong evidence to support the antifibrotic activity of RIO.
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31
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Urits I, Yilmaz M, Bahrun E, Merley C, Scoon L, Lassiter G, An D, Orhurhu V, Kaye AD, Viswanath O. Utilization of B12 for the treatment of chronic migraine. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2020; 34:479-491. [PMID: 33004160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic migraine is a particular classification of a headache that is typically unilateral and pulsatile and lasts for at least 3 months. Owing to its high prevalence and detrimental impact on personal, social, and economic aspects of patient lives, much desire has gone into fully understanding the pathogenesis of migraine, and to search for therapeutic agents. In addition to current therapeutics such as triptans, ergotamine, and monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, vitamin B12 has been investigated for its possible use as a prophylactic agent for migraines. Specifically, the observed effects of vitamin B12 on nitric oxide and homocysteine prompt further investigation of its underlying mechanisms in migraine pathophysiology. In this comprehensive review, we provide a brief overview of migraines and current therapies while focusing on the promising role of vitamin B12 as a possible treatment option for chronic migraine management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Urits
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Ehab Bahrun
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Caitlin Merley
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Logan Scoon
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Grace Lassiter
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel An
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vwaire Orhurhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Department of Anesthesiology, Shreveport, LA, USA; University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Anesthesiology, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Valley Pain Consultants, Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Omaha, NE, USA
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32
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Di Luigi L, Sgrò P, Duranti G, Sabatini S, Caporossi D, Del Galdo F, Dimauro I, Antinozzi C. Sildenafil Reduces Expression and Release of IL-6 and IL-8 Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species in Systemic Sclerosis Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3161. [PMID: 32365773 PMCID: PMC7246497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress linked to vascular damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Indeed, vascular damage at nailfold capillaroscopy in patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) is a major risk factor for the development of SSc together with the presence of specific autoantiobodies. Here, we investigated the effects of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) sildenafil, currently used in the management of RP, in modulating the proinflammatory response of dermal fibroblasts to oxidative stress in vitro. Human fibroblasts isolated from SSc patients and healthy controls were exposed to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) (100 µM H2O2), in the presence or absence of sildenafil (1 µM). Treatment with sildenafil significantly reduced dermal fibroblast gene expression and cellular release of IL-6, known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in SSc and IL-8, directly induced by ROS. This reduction was associated with suppression of STAT3-, ERK-, NF-κB-, and PKB/AKT-dependent pathways. Our findings support the notion that the employment of PDE5i in the management of RP may be explored for its efficacy in modulating the oxidative stress-induced proinflammatory activation of dermal fibroblasts in vivo and may ultimately aid in the prevention of tissue damage caused by SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
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33
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Butler TA, Paul JW, Smith R. Non-conventional signalling in human myometrium by conventional pathways: looking back for a synergistic future. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Bai X, Zeng T, Ni XY, Su HA, Huang J, Ye GY, Lu YY, Qi YX. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the eye pigmentation gene white leads to alterations in colour of head spots in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:837-849. [PMID: 31106480 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The intensely studied white gene is widely used as a genetic marker in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we cloned and characterized the white gene in an important pest of the fruit industry, Bactrocera dorsalis, to understand its functional role in pigmentation. We obtained BdWhite knockout strains, based on the wild-type strain, using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, and found that mutants lost pigmentation in the compound eye and their black head spots. We then examined differences in the expression levels of genes associated with melanin pigmentation between mutants and the wild-type strain using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We found that transcription levels of the Bd-yellow1 were lower in the head of mutants than in the wild-type strain, and there were no significant differences in expression of the other six genes between mutants and the wild type. Since yellow is critical for melanin biosynthesis (Heinze et al., Scientific Reports. 2017;7:4582), the lower levels of expression of Bd-yellow1 in mutants led to reduced dark pigmentation in head spots. Our results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that white may play a functional role in cuticle pigmentation by affecting the expression of yellow.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bai
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X-Y Ni
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H-A Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G-Y Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-Y Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-X Qi
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Exploration of icariin analog structure space reveals key features driving potent inhibition of human phosphodiesterase-5. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222803. [PMID: 31539416 PMCID: PMC6754136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural product icariin inhibits human phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) and represents a unique pharmacophore for treating erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and other diseases. In this study, we explore the available icariin-derived chemical scaffolds through medicinal chemistry to develop novel icariin PDE5 inhibitors with improved potency and specificity. We synthesized six novel semi-synthetic icariin analogs as well as three naturally occurring icariin analogs, and characterized the structure-activity relationship in the context of human PDE5 inhibition using in vitro enzyme inhibition and kinetics assays and molecular modeling. Mammalian-cell-based assays and in vitro enzyme inhibition assays against human PDE6C further helped to identify the most potent and selective icariin analogs. Our results reveal the synergistic contribution of functional groups at the C3 and C7 positions of the icariin backbone towards PDE5 inhibition. Whereas a hydrophobic and flexible alkanol group at the C7 position is sufficient to enhance icariin analog potency, combining this group with a hydrophilic sugar group at the C3 position leads to further enhancement of potency and promotes specificity towards PDE5 versus PDE6C. In particular, compounds 3 and 7 exhibit Ki values of 0.036 ± 0.005 μM and 0.036 ± 0.007 μM towards PDE5 respectively, which are approaching those of commercial PDE5 inhibitors, and can effectively reduce GMP levels in cultured human BJ-hTERT cells. This study identifies novel icariin analogs as potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors poised to become lead compounds for further pharmaceutical development.
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Mirczuk SM, Lessey AJ, Catterick AR, Perrett RM, Scudder CJ, Read JE, Lipscomb VJ, Niessen SJ, Childs AJ, McArdle CA, McGonnell IM, Fowkes RC. Regulation and Function of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) in Gonadotrope-Derived Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091086. [PMID: 31540096 PMCID: PMC6769446 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the most conserved member of the mammalian natriuretic peptide family, and is implicated in the endocrine regulation of growth, metabolism and reproduction. CNP is expressed throughout the body, but is particularly abundant in the central nervous system and anterior pituitary gland. Pituitary gonadotropes are regulated by pulsatile release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, to control reproductive function. GnRH and CNP reciprocally regulate their respective signalling pathways in αT3-1 gonadotrope cells, but effects of pulsatile GnRH stimulation on CNP expression has not been explored. Here, we examine the sensitivity of the natriuretic peptide system in LβT2 and αT3-1 gonadotrope cell lines to continuous and pulsatile GnRH stimulation, and investigate putative CNP target genes in gonadotropes. Multiplex RT-qPCR assays confirmed that primary mouse pituitary tissue express Nppc,Npr2 (encoding CNP and guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B), respectively) and Furin (a CNP processing enzyme), but failed to express transcripts for Nppa or Nppb (encoding ANP and BNP, respectively). Pulsatile, but not continuous, GnRH stimulation of LβT2 cells caused significant increases in Nppc and Npr2 expression within 4 h, but failed to alter natriuretic peptide gene expression in αT3-1 cells. CNP enhanced expression of cJun, Egr1, Nr5a1 and Nr0b1, within 8 h in LβT2 cells, but inhibited Nr5a1 expression in αT3-1 cells. Collectively, these data show the gonadotrope natriuretic peptide system is sensitive to pulsatile GnRH signalling, and gonadotrope transcription factors are putative CNP-target genes. Such findings represent additional mechanisms by which CNP may regulate reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Andrew J Lessey
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Alice R Catterick
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Rebecca M Perrett
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS13NY, UK.
| | - Christopher J Scudder
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Jordan E Read
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Victoria J Lipscomb
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Stijn J Niessen
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Andrew J Childs
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Craig A McArdle
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS13NY, UK.
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
| | - Robert C Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK.
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37
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Mahneva O, Caplan SL, Ivko P, Dawson-Scully K, Milton SL. NO/cGMP/PKG activation protects Drosophila cells subjected to hypoxic stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 223:106-114. [PMID: 31150868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The anoxia-tolerant fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has routinely been used to examine cellular mechanisms responsible for anoxic and oxidative stress resistance. Nitric oxide (NO), an important cellular signaling molecule, and its downstream activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) has been implicated as a protective mechanism against ischemic injury in diverse animal models from insects to mammals. In Drosophila, increased PKG signaling results in increased survival of animals exposed to anoxic stress. To determine if activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway is protective at the cellular level, the present study employed a pharmacological protocol to mimic hypoxic injury in Drosophila S2 cells. The commonly used S2 cell line was derived from a primary culture of late stage (20-24 h old) Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Hypoxic stress was induced by exposure to either sodium azide (NaN3) or cobalt chloride (CoCl2). During chemical hypoxic stress, NO/cGMP/PKG activation protected against cell death and this mechanism involved modulation of downstream mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels (mitoKATP). The cellular protection afforded by NO/cGMP/PKG activation during ischemia-like stress may be an adaptive cytoprotective mechanism and modulation of this signaling cascade could serve as a potential therapeutic target for protection against hypoxia or ischemia-induced cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mahneva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Stacee Lee Caplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Polina Ivko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Sarah L Milton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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LCZ696 Therapy Reduces Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Inducibility in a Myocardial Infarction-Induced Heart Failure Rat Model. Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 2019:6032631. [PMID: 31772612 PMCID: PMC6739798 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6032631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril) therapy significantly reduced mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Although a clinical trial (PARADISE-MI Trial) has been ongoing to examine the effects of LCZ696 in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, the effects of LCZ696 on remodeling of cardiac electrophysiology in animal models remain largely unclear. Methods We performed coronary artery ligation to create MI in Sprague-Dawley rats. Echocardiography was performed one week after MI to confirm the development of HF with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%. MI rats were randomly assigned to receive medical therapy for 4 weeks: LCZ696, enalapril, or vehicle. The sham-operation rats received sham operation without MI creation. In vivo electrophysiological exams were performed under general anesthesia. Western blot analyses were conducted to quantify ion channel proteins. Results The HF-vehicle group did not show significant changes in LVEF. Both enalapril and LCZ696 therapy significantly improved LVEF. The HF-vehicle group had higher ventricular arrhythmia (VA) inducibility than the sham group. As compared with the HF-vehicle group, LCZ696 therapy significantly reduced VA inducibility, but enalapril therapy did not. Western blot analyses showed significant downregulation of NaV1.5, ERG, KCNE1, and KCNE2 channel proteins in the HF vehicle group compared with the sham group. LCZ696 therapy upregulated protein expression of ERG, KCNE1, and KCNE2. Conclusion As compared with enalapril therapy, LCZ696 therapy led to improvement of LVEF, reduced VA inducibility, and upregulated expression of K+ channel proteins.
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39
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Günay-Esiyok Ö, Scheib U, Noll M, Gupta N. An unusual and vital protein with guanylate cyclase and P4-ATPase domains in a pathogenic protist. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201900402. [PMID: 31235476 PMCID: PMC6592433 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii harbors an alveolate-specific guanylate cyclase linked to P-type ATPase motifs, which is an essential actuator of cGMP-dependent gliding motility, egress, and invasion during acute infection. cGMP signaling is one of the master regulators of diverse functions in eukaryotes; however, its architecture and functioning in protozoans remain poorly understood. Herein, we report an exclusive guanylate cyclase coupled with N-terminal P4-ATPase in a common parasitic protist, Toxoplasma gondii. This bulky protein (477-kD), termed TgATPaseP-GC to fairly reflect its envisaged multifunctionality, localizes in the plasma membrane at the apical pole of the parasite, whereas the corresponding cGMP-dependent protein kinase (TgPKG) is distributed in the cytomembranes. TgATPaseP-GC is refractory to genetic deletion, and its CRISPR/Cas9–assisted disruption aborts the lytic cycle of T. gondii. Besides, Cre/loxP–mediated knockdown of TgATPaseP-GC reduced the synthesis of cGMP and inhibited the parasite growth due to impairments in the motility-dependent egress and invasion events. Equally, repression of TgPKG by a similar strategy recapitulated phenotypes of the TgATPaseP-GC–depleted mutant. Notably, despite a temporally restricted function, TgATPaseP-GC is expressed constitutively throughout the lytic cycle, entailing a post-translational regulation of cGMP signaling. Not least, the occurrence of TgATPaseP-GC orthologs in several other alveolates implies a divergent functional repurposing of cGMP signaling in protozoans, and offers an excellent drug target against the parasitic protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Günay-Esiyok
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Scheib
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nishith Gupta
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Yu SJ, Ma C, Heinrich B, Brown ZJ, Sandhu M, Zhang Q, Fu Q, Agdashian D, Rosato U, Korangy F, Greten TF. Targeting the crosstalk between cytokine-induced killer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2019; 70:449-457. [PMID: 30414862 PMCID: PMC6380944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapy is effective as an adjuvant therapy in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but lacks efficacy in advanced HCC. We aimed to investigate immune suppressor mechanisms in HCC, focusing on the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in response to CIK therapy. METHODS MDSCs were quantified by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Cytokines were detected by cytokine array. A lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay was performed in the presence or absence of MDSCs to study CIK function against HCC cells in vitro. An FDA-approved PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, was used to target MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Two different murine HCC cell lines were tested in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The antitumor effects of human CIKs and MDSCs were also tested in vitro. RESULTS Adoptive cell transfer of CIKs into tumor-bearing mice induced inflammatory mediators (e.g., CX3CL1, IL-13) in the tumor microenvironment and an increase of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs, leading to impaired antitumor activity in 2 different HCC models. MDSCs efficiently suppressed the cytotoxic activity of CIKs in vitro. In contrast, treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor reversed the MDSC suppressor function via ARG1 and iNOS blockade and systemic treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor prevented MDSC accumulation in the tumor microenvironment upon CIK cell therapy and increased its antitumor efficacy. Similar results were observed when human CIKs were tested in vitro in the presence of CD14+HLA-DR-/low MDSCs. Treatment of MDSCs with a PDE5 inhibitor suppressed MDSC suppressor function and enhanced CIK activity against human HCC cell lines in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that targeting MDSCs is an efficient strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CIKs for the treatment of patients with HCC. LAY SUMMARY Cytokine-induced killer cells are a mixture of immune cells given to eliminate cancer cells. However, not all patients respond to this treatment. Herein, we show in 2 different liver cancer models that myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased in response to cytokine-induced killer cell therapy. Targeting these myeloid-derived suppressor cells may provide an additional therapeutic benefit alongside cytokine-induced killer cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jong Yu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary J. Brown
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milan Sandhu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiong Fu
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Agdashian
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Umberto Rosato
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tim F. Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program
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Hernández-Morales R, Becerra A, Lazcano A. Alarmones as Vestiges of a Bygone RNA World. J Mol Evol 2019; 87:37-51. [PMID: 30604017 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All known alarmones are ribonucleotides or ribonucleotide derivatives that are synthesized when cells are under stress conditions, triggering a stringent response that affects major processes such as replication, gene expression, and metabolism. The ample phylogenetic distribution of alarmones (e.g., cAMP, Ap(n)A, cGMP, AICAR, and ZTP) suggests that they are very ancient molecules that may have already been present in cellular systems prior to the evolutionary divergence of the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya domains. Their chemical structure, wide biological distribution, and functional role in highly conserved cellular processes support the possibility that these modified nucleotides are molecular fossils of an epoch in the evolution of chemical signaling and metabolite sensing during which RNA molecules played a much more conspicuous role in biological catalysis and genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hernández-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Becerra
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Lazcano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Miembro de El Colegio Nacional, Donceles 104, Centro Histórico, 06000, Mexico City, Mexico.
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42
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Rippe C, Albinsson S, Guron G, Nilsson H, Swärd K. Targeting transcriptional control of soluble guanylyl cyclase via NOTCH for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13094. [PMID: 29754438 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is an effector enzyme of nitric oxide (NO). Recent work has unravelled how levels of this enzyme are controlled, and highlighted a role in vascular disease. We provide a timely summary of available knowledge on transcriptional regulation of sGC, including influences from the NOTCH signalling pathway and genetic variants. It is speculated that hypertension-induced repression of sGC starts a vicious circle that can be initiated by periods of stress, diet or genetic factors, and a key tenet is that reduction in sGC further raises blood pressure. The idea that dysregulation of sGC contributes to syndromes caused by defective NOTCH signalling is advanced, and we discuss drug repositioning for vascular disease prevention. The advantage of targeting sGC expression rather than activity is also considered. It is argued that transcriptional inputs on sGC arise from interactions with other cells, the extracellular matrix and microRNAs (miRNAs), and concluded that the promise of sGC as a target for prevention of cardiovascular disease has increased in recent time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - S. Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - G. Guron
- Department of Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - H. Nilsson
- Department of Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - K. Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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43
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Wang X, Du W, Li M, Zhang Y, Li H, Sun K, Liu J, Dong P, Meng X, Yi W, Yang L, Zhao R, Hu J. The β subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase GUCY1B3 exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemic injury via the PKCε/Akt pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3071-3081. [PMID: 30485489 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Kai Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Pengxia Dong
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Xianda Meng
- Department of Cardiology Dalian (Municipal) Friendship Hospital Dalian China
| | - Wensi Yi
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Institution of Interventional and Vascular Surgery Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Ruiping Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
- Department of Cardiology Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Translational Medicine Center, Baotou Central Hospital Baotou China
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44
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Perrotta C, Cervia D, Di Renzo I, Moscheni C, Bassi MT, Campana L, Martelli C, Catalani E, Giovarelli M, Zecchini S, Coazzoli M, Capobianco A, Ottobrini L, Lucignani G, Rosa P, Rovere-Querini P, De Palma C, Clementi E. Nitric Oxide Generated by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Is Responsible for Cancer Resistance to Cisplatin and Correlated With Syntaxin 4 and Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1186. [PMID: 29896202 PMCID: PMC5987706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is fundamental for cancer progression and chemoresistance. Among stromal cells tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest population of infiltrating inflammatory cells in malignant tumors, promoting their growth, invasion, and immune evasion. M2-polarized TAMs are endowed with the nitric oxide (NO)-generating enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NO has divergent effects on tumors, since it can either stimulate tumor cells growth or promote their death depending on the source of it; likewise the role of iNOS in cancer differs depending on the cell type. The role of NO generated by TAMs has not been investigated. Using different tumor models in vitro and in vivo we found that NO generated by iNOS of M2-polarized TAMs is able to protect tumor cells from apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (CDDP). Here, we demonstrate that the protective effect of NO depends on the inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), which is activated by CDDP in a pathway involving the death receptor CD95. Mechanistic insights indicate that NO actions occur via generation of cyclic GMP and activation of protein kinase G (PKG), inducing phosphorylation of syntaxin 4 (synt4), a SNARE protein responsible for A-SMase trafficking and activation. Noteworthy, phosphorylation of synt4 at serine 78 by PKG is responsible for the proteasome-dependent degradation of synt4, which limits the CDDP-induced exposure of A-SMase to the plasma membrane of tumor cells. This inhibits the cytotoxic mechanism of CDDP reducing A-SMase-triggered apoptosis. This is the first demonstration that endogenous NO system is a key mechanism through which TAMs protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. The identification of the pathway responsible for A-SMase activity downregulation in tumors leading to chemoresistance warrants further investigations as a means to identify new anti-cancer molecules capable of specifically inhibiting synt4 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lara Campana
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "L. Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capobianco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosa
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine Pharmacology, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "L. Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- "Eugenio Medea" Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "L. Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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45
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Scheib U, Broser M, Constantin OM, Yang S, Gao S, Mukherjee S, Stehfest K, Nagel G, Gee CE, Hegemann P. Rhodopsin-cyclases for photocontrol of cGMP/cAMP and 2.3 Å structure of the adenylyl cyclase domain. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2046. [PMID: 29799525 PMCID: PMC5967339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are important second messengers that orchestrate fundamental cellular responses. Here, we present the characterization of the rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclase from Catenaria anguillulae (CaRhGC), which produces cGMP in response to green light with a light to dark activity ratio >1000. After light excitation the putative signaling state forms with τ = 31 ms and decays with τ = 570 ms. Mutations (up to 6) within the nucleotide binding site generate rhodopsin-adenylyl cyclases (CaRhACs) of which the double mutated YFP-CaRhAC (E497K/C566D) is the most suitable for rapid cAMP production in neurons. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the ligand-bound AC domain (2.25 Å) reveals detailed information about the nucleotide binding mode within this recently discovered class of enzyme rhodopsin. Both YFP-CaRhGC and YFP-CaRhAC are favorable optogenetic tools for non-invasive, cell-selective, and spatio-temporally precise modulation of cAMP/cGMP with light. Cyclic AMP and cGMP orchestrate a variety of cellular responses. Here, authors characterize the cGMP producing rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclase from C. anguillulae and derived adenylyl cyclase by a biochemical and structural approach which demonstrates the usability of these cyclases for optogenetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Scheib
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Broser
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oana M Constantin
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shang Yang
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shatanik Mukherjee
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Stehfest
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christine E Gee
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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46
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Du Z, Shu Z, Lei W, Li C, Zeng K, Guo X, Zhao M, Tu P, Jiang Y. Integration of Metabonomics and Transcriptomics Reveals the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Baoyuan Decoction for Myocardial Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:514. [PMID: 29875658 PMCID: PMC5974172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) is an escalating public health care burden worldwide. Baoyuan decoction (BYD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with cardioprotective activity; however, its pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms are obscured. Herein, a multi-omics strategy via incorporating the metabonomics, transcriptomics, and pharmacodynamics was adopted to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of BYD for treating MI in a rat model of left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation. The results indicated that BYD has a significantly cardioprotective role against MI by decreasing the infarct size, converting the echocardiographic abnormalities and myocardial enzyme markers, and reversing the serum metabolic disorders and myocardial transcriptional perturbations resulting from MI. Integrated bioinformatics analysis and literature reports constructed the interaction network based on the changes of the key MI targeted-metabolites and transcripts after BYD treatment and disclosed that the cardioprotection of BYD is mainly involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, cardiac contractile dysfunction, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The results of histopathological examination, quantitative RT-PCR assay, cardiac energy synthesis, and serum antioxidant assessment complemented the multi-omics findings, and indicated the multi-pathway modulation mechanisms of BYD. Our investigation demonstrated that the multi-omics approach could achieve a complementary and verified view for the comprehensive evaluation of therapeutic effects and complex mechanisms of TCMF like BYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeliu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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47
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Lin HC, Su SL, Lin WC, Lin AH, Yang YC, Lii CK, Chen HW. Andrographolide inhibits hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and endothelin 1 expression through the heme oxygenase 1/CO/cGMP/MKP-5 pathways in EA.hy926 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:269-279. [PMID: 29165873 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide is a potent anti-inflammatory agent found in Andrographis paniculata. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor with pro-inflammatory properties secreted in response to hypoxia. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP-5) is a dual-specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates threonine and tyrosine residues of MAPKs. We showed previously that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression and ET-1 secretion are dependent on p38 MAPK in EA.hy926 cells. Here, we investigate what role MKP-5 plays in andrographolide's inhibition of hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α and ET-1. Hypoxic conditions were created using the hypoxia-mimetic agent CoCl2 . Andrographolide enhanced HO-1 and MKP-5 expression and cellular cGMP content in addition to inhibiting hypoxia-induced ROS generation. Concomitantly, the HO-1 byproduct CO and the cGMP analogue 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) increased MKP-5 expression, and pretreatment with CO and 8-Br-cGMP inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and ET-1 expression. Transfection of HO-1 siRNA or pretreatment with the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP-9 or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, reduced andrographolide-induced MKP-5 expression. Moreover, silencing MKP-5 or treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor vanadate abrogated andrographolide's suppressing hypoxia-induced p38 MAPK activation and HIF-1α expression. The inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and ET-1 expression by andrographolide is likely associated with HO-1/CO/cGMP/MKP-5 pathways, which is involved in inhibiting hypoxia-induced p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Li Su
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Tai LH, Alkayyal AA, Leslie AL, Sahi S, Bennett S, Tanese de Souza C, Baxter K, Angka L, Xu R, Kennedy MA, Auer RC. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition reduces postoperative metastatic disease by targeting surgery-induced myeloid derived suppressor cell-dependent inhibition of Natural Killer cell cytotoxicity. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1431082. [PMID: 29872554 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1431082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer surgery while necessary for primary tumor removal, has been shown to induce immune suppression and promote metastases in preclinical models and human cancer surgery patients. Activating the immune system and reversing immunosuppression have emerged as promising ways to treat cancer and they can be safely employed in the perioperative period. In this study, we evaluated the immunotherapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors to target surgery-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and restore natural killer (NK) cell function in the clinically relevant perioperative period. Immunocompetent murine tumor models of major surgery were used to characterize the functional suppression of surgery-induced MDSC and to assess the in vivo efficacy of perioperative PDE5 inhibition. In cancer surgery patients with abdominal malignancies, we assessed postoperative NK cell function following co-culture with MDSC and PDE5 inhibition. Perioperative PDE5 inhibition reverses surgery-induced immunosuppression. In particular, sildenafil reduces surgery-derived granulocytic-MDSC (gMDSC) function through downregulation of arginase 1 (ARG1), IL4Ra and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, enabling NK cell antitumor cytotoxicity and reducing postoperative disease recurrence. By removing surgery-derived immunosuppressive mechanisms of MDSCs, sildenafil can be combined with the administration of perioperative influenza vaccination which targets NK cells to reduce postoperative metastasis. Importantly, sildenafil reverses MDSC suppression in cancer surgery patients. These findings demonstrate that PDE5 inhibitors reduce postoperative metastasis by their ability to inhibit surgery-induced MDSC. Further clinical studies are warranted to investigate the immunotherapeutic role of PDE5 inhibitors in combination with cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hwa Tai
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amanda L Leslie
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shalini Sahi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Bennett
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Baxter
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leonard Angka
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Xu
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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49
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Abstract
The possibility of an RNA World is based on the notion that life on Earth passed through a primitive phase without proteins, a time when all genomes and enzymes were composed of ribonucleic acids. Numerous apparent vestiges of this ancient RNA World remain today, including many nucleotide-derived coenzymes, self-processing ribozymes, metabolite-binding riboswitches, and even ribosomes. Many of the most common signaling molecules and second messengers used by modern organisms are also formed from RNA nucleotides or their precursors. For example, nucleotide derivatives such as cAMP, ppGpp, and ZTP, as well as the cyclic dinucleotides c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are intimately involved in signaling diverse physiological or metabolic changes in bacteria and other organisms. We describe the potential diversity of this "lost language" of the RNA World and speculate on whether additional components of this ancient communication machinery might remain hidden though still very much relevant to modern cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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50
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Thorpe RB, Hubbell MC, Silpanisong J, Williams JM, Pearce WJ. Chronic hypoxia attenuates the vasodilator efficacy of protein kinase G in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H207-H219. [PMID: 28550175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00480.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term hypoxia (LTH) attenuates nitric oxide-induced vasorelaxation in ovine middle cerebral arteries. Because cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is an important mediator of NO signaling in vascular smooth muscle, we tested the hypothesis that LTH diminishes the ability of PKG to interact with target proteins and cause vasorelaxation. Prominent among proteins that regulate vascular tone is the large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channel, which is a substrate for PKG and is responsive to phosphorylation on multiple serine/threonine residues. Given the influence of these proteins, we also examined whether LTH attenuates PKG and BK channel protein abundances and PKG activity. Middle cerebral arteries were harvested from normoxic and hypoxic (altitude of 3,820 m for 110 days) fetal and adult sheep. These arteries were denuded and equilibrated with 95% O2-5% CO2 in the presence of N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to inhibit potential confounding influences of events upstream from PKG. Expression and activity of PKG-I were not significantly affected by chronic hypoxia in either fetal or adult arteries. Pretreatment with the BK inhibitor iberiotoxin attenuated vasorelaxation induced by 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in normoxic but not LTH arteries. The spatial proximities of PKG with BK channel α- and β1-proteins were examined using confocal microscopy, which revealed a strong dissociation of PKG with these proteins after LTH. These results support our hypothesis that hypoxia reduces the ability of PKG to attenuate vasoconstriction in part through suppression of the ability of PKG to associate with and thereby activate BK channels in arterial smooth muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using measurements of contractility, protein abundance, kinase activity, and confocal colocalization in fetal and adult ovine cerebral arteries, the present study demonstrates that long-term hypoxia diminishes the ability of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) to cause vasorelaxation through suppression of its colocalization and interaction with large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channel proteins in cerebrovascular smooth muscle. These experiments are among the first to demonstrate hypoxic changes in BK subunit abundances in fetal cerebral arteries and also introduce the use of advanced methods of confocal colocalization to study interaction between PKG and its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Thorpe
- Center for Perinatal Biology and Divisions of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Margaret C Hubbell
- Center for Perinatal Biology and Divisions of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jinjutha Silpanisong
- Center for Perinatal Biology and Divisions of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - James M Williams
- Center for Perinatal Biology and Divisions of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J Pearce
- Center for Perinatal Biology and Divisions of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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