1
|
A Review of Functional Analysis of Endothelial Cells in Flow Chambers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030092. [PMID: 35893460 PMCID: PMC9326639 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial cells constitute the innermost layer. The cells are exposed to mechanical stress by the flow, causing them to express their functions. To elucidate the functions, methods involving seeding endothelial cells as a layer in a chamber were studied. The chambers are known as parallel plate, T-chamber, step, cone plate, and stretch. The stimulated functions or signals from endothelial cells by flows are extensively connected to other outer layers of arteries or organs. The coculture layer was developed in a chamber to investigate the interaction between smooth muscle cells in the middle layer of the blood vessel wall in vascular physiology and pathology. Additionally, the microfabrication technology used to create a chamber for a microfluidic device involves both mechanical and chemical stimulation of cells to show their dynamics in in vivo microenvironments. The purpose of this study is to summarize the blood flow (flow inducing) for the functions connecting to endothelial cells and blood vessels, and to find directions for future chamber and device developments for further understanding and application of vascular functions. The relationship between chamber design flow, cell layers, and microfluidics was studied.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong D, Yu Y. Prostaglandin D2 signaling and cardiovascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
3
|
Li C, Li J, Loreno EG, Miriyala S, Panchatcharam M, Sun H. Protective Effect of Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption against Post-Ischemic Neuronal Apoptosis: Role of L-PGDS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010133. [PMID: 35008575 PMCID: PMC8745720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of permanent disability and death in adults worldwide. Apoptosis is a major element contributing to post-ischemic neuronal death. We previously found that low-dose alcohol consumption (LAC) protects against neuronal apoptosis in the peri-infarct cortex following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS), which is mainly localized in the central nervous system (CNS), was previously shown to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, we determined whether L-PGDS is involved in the protective effect of LAC against post-ischemic neuronal apoptosis. Wild-type (WT), CaMKIIαCreERT2/+/L-PGDS+/+, and CaMKIIαCreERT2/+/L-PGDSflox/flox mice on a C57BL/6J background were gavage fed with ethanol or volume-matched water once a day for 8 weeks. Tamoxifen (2 mg/day) was given intraperitoneally to CaMKIIαCreERT2/+/L-PGDS+/+ and CaMKIIαCreERT2/+/L-PGDSflox/flox mice for 5 days during the fourth week. AT-56 (30 mg/kg/day), a selective inhibitor of L-PGDS, was given orally to AT-56-treated WT mice from the fifth week for four weeks. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, TUNEL-positive neurons, and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons were measured at 24 h of reperfusion after a 90 min unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that 0.7 g/kg/day but not 2.8 g/kg/day ethanol significantly upregulated L-PGDS in the cerebral cortex. In addition, 0.7 g/kg/day ethanol diminished cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and TUNEL-positive and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons in the peri-infarct cortex in WT and CaMKIIαCreERT2/+/L-PGDS+/+ mice. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of 0.7 g/kg/day ethanol was alleviated in AT-56-treated WT and CaMKIIαCreERT2/+/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. Our findings suggest that LAC may protect against cerebral I/R injury by suppressing post-ischemic neuronal apoptosis via an upregulated L-PGDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-318-675-4566; Fax: +1-318-675-5889
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Urade Y. Biochemical and Structural Characteristics, Gene Regulation, Physiological, Pathological and Clinical Features of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase as a Multifunctional Lipocalin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718002. [PMID: 34744762 PMCID: PMC8569824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2, a common precursor of the two series of PGs, to produce PGD2. PGD2 stimulates three distinct types of G protein-coupled receptors: (1) D type of prostanoid (DP) receptors involved in the regulation of sleep, pain, food intake, and others; (2) chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) receptors, in myelination of peripheral nervous system, adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of hair follicle neogenesis, and others; and (3) F type of prostanoid (FP) receptors, in dexamethasone-induced cardioprotection. L-PGDS is the same protein as β-trace, a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). L-PGDS exists in the central nervous system and male genital organs of various mammals, and human heart; and is secreted into the CSF, seminal plasma, and plasma, respectively. L-PGDS binds retinoic acids and retinal with high affinities (Kd < 100 nM) and diverse small lipophilic substances, such as thyroids, gangliosides, bilirubin and biliverdin, heme, NAD(P)H, and PGD2, acting as an extracellular carrier of these substances. L-PGDS also binds amyloid β peptides, prevents their fibril formation, and disaggregates amyloid β fibrils, acting as a major amyloid β chaperone in human CSF. Here, I summarize the recent progress of the research on PGD2 and L-PGDS, in terms of its “molecular properties,” “cell culture studies,” “animal experiments,” and “clinical studies,” all of which should help to understand the pathophysiological role of L-PGDS and inspire the future research of this multifunctional lipocalin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Urade
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao S, Cheng CK, Zhang CL, Huang Y. Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Cyclooxygenases, and Prostanoids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:784-799. [PMID: 32323554 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions through releasing both vasoconstricting and vasodilating factors. The production and function of vasoconstricting factors are largely elevated in hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are the major enzymes producing five different prostanoids that act as either contracting or relaxing substances. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress, the expressions and activities of COX isoforms are altered, resulting in changes in production of various prostanoids and thus affecting vascular tone. This review briefly summarizes the relationship between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids, thereby providing new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent Advances: Many new drugs targeting oxidative stress, COX-2, and prostanoids against common CVDs have been evaluated in recent years and they are summarized in this review. Critical Issues: Comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids in CVDs helps develop more effective measures against cardiovascular pathogenesis. Future Directions: Apart from minimizing the undesired effects of harmful prostanoids, future studies shall investigate the restoration of vasoprotective prostanoids as a means to combat CVDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 784-799.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang YL, Chen CT, Tung CS, Tsai MC. Laminar shear stress upregulates the expression of PPARs in vascular endothelial cells under high free fatty acid-induced stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:438. [PMID: 33747175 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress has been reported to result in various metabolic effects in endothelial cells (ECs), which in turn contribute to the regulation of their vascular functions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism and have been implicated in metabolic disorders. The present study assessed the effects of laminar shear stress on the expression of PPARs in ECs in the presence of high concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs). Human aortic ECs (HAECs) were treated with a high concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) and exposed to high shear stress (HSS) or low shear stress (LSS). Western blotting and ELISA were performed to quantify protein expression and assess prostacyclin production. The results revealed that long-term application of HSS to PA-treated HAECs induced PPAR-α, -δ and -γ protein expression. Additionally, LSS induced higher levels of PPAR-α protein expression in PA-treated HAECs compared with those after HSS. HAECs exposed to HSS also released prostacyclin (PGI2). However, HAECs treated with high concentrations of PA also produced high levels of PGI2 in the perfusion media in response to HSS compared with the static PA group. HSS also reduced the static PA-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The results demonstrated that HAECs increases the expression of all three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms in response to shear metabolic stress at high FFA concentrations. The present study may provide preliminary insights into the potential roles of PPARs as an effective treatment method against metabolic disturbances that can result in EC dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Wang
- Center of General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Te Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che-Se Tung
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smeeton J, Natarajan N, Naveen Kumar A, Miyashita T, Baddam P, Fabian P, Graf D, Crump JG. Zebrafish model for spondylo-megaepiphyseal-metaphyseal dysplasia reveals post-embryonic roles of Nkx3.2 in the skeleton. Development 2021; 148:dev193409. [PMID: 33462117 PMCID: PMC7860120 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The regulated expansion of chondrocytes within growth plates and joints ensures proper skeletal development through adulthood. Mutations in the transcription factor NKX3.2 underlie spondylo-megaepiphyseal-metaphyseal dysplasia (SMMD), which is characterized by skeletal defects including scoliosis, large epiphyses, wide growth plates and supernumerary distal limb joints. Whereas nkx3.2 knockdown zebrafish and mouse Nkx3.2 mutants display embryonic lethal jaw joint fusions and skeletal reductions, respectively, they lack the skeletal overgrowth seen in SMMD patients. Here, we report adult viable nkx3.2 mutant zebrafish displaying cartilage overgrowth in place of a missing jaw joint, as well as severe dysmorphologies of the facial skeleton, skullcap and spine. In contrast, cartilage overgrowth and scoliosis are absent in rare viable nkx3.2 knockdown animals that lack jaw joints, supporting post-embryonic roles for Nkx3.2. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo validation reveal increased proliferation and upregulation of stress-induced pathways, including prostaglandin synthases, in mutant chondrocytes. By generating a zebrafish model for the skeletal overgrowth defects of SMMD, we reveal post-embryonic roles for Nkx3.2 in dampening proliferation and buffering the stress response in joint-associated chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smeeton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natasha Natarajan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Arati Naveen Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pranidhi Baddam
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Peter Fabian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daniel Graf
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saqr KM, Rashad S, Tupin S, Niizuma K, Hassan T, Tominaga T, Ohta M. What does computational fluid dynamics tell us about intracranial aneurysms? A meta-analysis and critical review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1021-1039. [PMID: 31213162 PMCID: PMC7181089 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19854640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the plethora of published studies on intracranial aneurysms (IAs) hemodynamic using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), limited progress has been made towards understanding the complex physics and biology underlying IA pathophysiology. Guided by 1733 published papers, we review and discuss the contemporary IA hemodynamics paradigm established through two decades of IA CFD simulations. We have traced the historical origins of simplified CFD models which impede the progress of comprehending IA pathology. We also delve into the debate concerning the Newtonian fluid assumption used to represent blood flow computationally. We evidently demonstrate that the Newtonian assumption, used in almost 90% of studies, might be insufficient to describe IA hemodynamics. In addition, some fundamental properties of the Navier-Stokes equation are revisited in supplementary material to highlight some widely spread misconceptions regarding wall shear stress (WSS) and its derivatives. Conclusively, our study draws a roadmap for next-generation IA CFD models to help researchers investigate the pathophysiology of IAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Saqr
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherif Rashad
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Simon Tupin
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tamer Hassan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alexandria University School of Medicine, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mutlu H, Kokulu K, Sert ET, Çağlar A. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase levels are associated with the severity of pulmonary embolism. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:996-1002. [PMID: 32076814 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is an acute emergency with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to investigate the importance of Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) in predicting mortality and prognosis in PTE. The study prospectively included 90 patients who were admitted to the emergency department and in whom PTE was confirmed by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography as well as 40 healthy volunteers with no disease. L-PGDS levels in the venous blood were measured and compared. Pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) prognosis scores of all patients and 1-month mortality rate were calculated. There was a statistically significant difference between the L-PGDS levels of the patient and control groups (P = 0.024), and 1-month mortality of patients diagnosed with PTE was 20% (n = 18). Furthermore, the patients were divided into two groups: patients deceased within 1 month following the diagnosis and survivors. L-PGDS levels of the deceased patients were significantly higher than those of the survivors (P < 0.001). Age, systolic blood pressure, pulse, shock index, lactate, and PESI scores were significantly different between the survivors and deceased patients. The cut-off value for L-PGDS obtained using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for 1-month mortality was 815.26 ng/mL (sensitivity: 83.33%; specificity: 79.17%; area under the curve: 0.851; 95% confidence interval 0.760-0.917; P < 0.001). Based on this cut-off value, logistic regression analysis revealed that increased L-PGDS, together with PESI, was an independent indicator of 1-month mortality. L-PGDS is associated with short-term mortality in patients with PTE; therefore, it can be used to predict mortality risk in patients with PTE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Mutlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey. .,School of Medicine, Aksaray University, Adana Yolu Üzeri E-90 Karayolu 7. Km, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Kamil Kokulu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Taha Sert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çağlar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krüger N, Biwer LA, Good ME, Ruddiman CA, Wolpe AG, DeLalio LJ, Murphy S, Macal EH, Ragolia L, Serbulea V, Best AK, Leitinger N, Harris TE, Sonkusare SK, Gödecke A, Isakson BE. Loss of Endothelial FTO Antagonizes Obesity-Induced Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res 2019; 126:232-242. [PMID: 31801409 PMCID: PMC7007767 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated risk with cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types within this complex disease for developing new treatment options. Previous studies could prove a fundamental role of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) within obesity; however, its functional role within different cell types is less understood. OBJECTIVES We identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown central regulator of both obesity-induced metabolic and vascular alterations. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated endothelial Fto-deficient mice and analyzed the impact of obesity on those mice. While the loss of endothelial FTO did not influence the development of obesity and dyslipidemia, it protected mice from high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by increasing AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation in endothelial cells and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, loss of endothelial FTO prevented the development of obesity-induced hypertension by preserving myogenic tone in resistance arteries. In Fto-deficient arteries, microarray analysis identified upregulation of L-Pgds with significant increases in prostaglandin D2 levels. Blockade of prostaglandin D2 synthesis inhibited the myogenic tone protection in resistance arteries of endothelial Fto-deficient mice on high-fat diet; conversely, direct addition of prostaglandin D2 rescued myogenic tone in high-fat diet-fed control mice. Myogenic tone was increased in obese human arteries with FTO inhibitors or prostaglandin D2 application. CONCLUSIONS These data identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown regulator in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular changes, which is independent of its known function in regulation of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nenja Krüger
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Institute of Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lauren A Biwer
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Claire A. Ruddiman
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Abigail G. Wolpe
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Sara Murphy
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Edgar H. Macal
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Louis Ragolia
- Department of Biomedical Research, NYU Winthrop University Hospital, NYU Long Island School of Medicine
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weiler CR, Austen KF, Akin C, Barkoff MS, Bernstein JA, Bonadonna P, Butterfield JH, Carter M, Fox CC, Maitland A, Pongdee T, Mustafa SS, Ravi A, Tobin MC, Vliagoftis H, Schwartz LB. AAAAI Mast Cell Disorders Committee Work Group Report: Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) diagnosis and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:883-896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Therapeutic Potential of Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D 2 Synthase in Allergic Inflammation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060619. [PMID: 31226822 PMCID: PMC6628301 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, there is a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases, and novel efficient therapeutic approaches are still needed to alleviate disease burden. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) has emerged as a central inflammatory lipid mediator associated with increased migration, activation and survival of leukocytes in various allergy-associated disorders. In the periphery, the hematopoietic PGD synthase (hPGDS) acts downstream of the arachidonic acid/COX pathway catalysing the isomerisation of PGH2 to PGD2, which makes it an interesting target to treat allergic inflammation. Although much effort has been put into developing efficient hPGDS inhibitors, no compound has made it to the market yet, which indicates that more light needs to be shed on potential PGD2 sources and targets to determine which particular condition and patient will benefit most and thereby improve therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we want to revisit current knowledge about hPGDS function, expression in allergy-associated cell types and their contribution to PGD2 levels as well as beneficial effects of hPGDS inhibition in allergic asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, gastrointestinal allergic disorders and anaphylaxis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Horikami D, Toya N, Kobayashi K, Omori K, Nagata N, Murata T. L-PGDS-derived PGD2
attenuates acute lung injury by enhancing endothelial barrier formation. J Pathol 2019; 248:280-290. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoki Toya
- Department of Animal Radiology; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Omori
- Department of Animal Radiology; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nanae Nagata
- Department of Animal Radiology; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Desmarais F, Bergeron KF, Rassart E, Mounier C. Apolipoprotein D overexpression alters hepatic prostaglandin and omega fatty acid metabolism during the development of a non-inflammatory hepatic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:522-531. [PMID: 30630053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a secreted lipocalin associated with neuroprotection and lipid metabolism. Overexpression of ApoD in mouse neural tissue induces the development of a non-inflammatory hepatic steatosis in 12-month-old transgenic animals. Previous data indicates that accumulation of arachidonic acid, ApoD's preferential ligand, and overactivation of PPARγ are likely the driving forces in the development of the pathology. However, the lack of inflammation under those conditions is surprising. Hence, we further investigated the apparent repression of inflammation during hepatic steatosis development in aging transgenic animals. The earliest modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation occurred at 6 months with a transient overexpression of L-PGDS and concomitant overproduction of 15d-PGJ2, a PPARγ agonist. Hepatic lipid accumulation was detectable as soon as 9 months. Inflammatory polarization balance varied in time, with a robust anti-inflammatory profile at 6 months coinciding with 15d-PGJ2 overproduction. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were preferentially stored in the liver of 12-month-old transgenic mice and resulted in a higher omega-3/omega-6 ratio compared to wild type mice of the same age. Thus, inflammation seems to be controlled by several mechanisms in the liver of transgenic mice: first by an increase in 15d-PGJ2 production and later by a beneficial omega-3/omega-6 ratio. PPARγ seems to play important roles in these processes. The accumulation of several omega fatty acids species in the transgenic mouse liver suggests that ApoD might bind to a broader range of fatty acids than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Desmarais
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Canada
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Canada
| | - Eric Rassart
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marone G, Galdiero MR, Pecoraro A, Pucino V, Criscuolo G, Triassi M, Varricchi G. Prostaglandin D 2 receptor antagonists in allergic disorders: safety, efficacy, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:73-84. [PMID: 30513028 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1555237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major cyclooxygenase mediator that is synthesized by activated human mast cells and other immune cells. The biological effects of PGD2 are mediated by D-prostanoid (DP1), DP2 (CRTH2) and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors that are expressed on several immune and non-immune cells involved in allergic inflammation. PGD2 exerts various proinflammatory effects relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic disorders. Several selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and a small number of DP1 receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of allergic disorders. AREAS COVERED The role of DP2 and DP1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. EXPERT OPINION Head-to-head studies that compare DP1 antagonists with the standard treatment for allergic rhinitis are necessary to verify the role of these novel drugs as mono- or combination therapies. Further clinical trials are necessary to verify whether DP2 antagonists as monotherapies or, more likely, as add-on therapies, will be effective for the treatment of different phenotypes of adult and childhood asthma. Long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of targeted anti-PGD2 treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,b Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- e William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saqr KM, Mansour O, Tupin S, Hassan T, Ohta M. Evidence for non-Newtonian behavior of intracranial blood flow from Doppler ultrasonography measurements. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:1029-1036. [PMID: 30523533 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of intracranial hemodynamics often use Newtonian viscosity model to close the shear rate term in the Navier-Stokes equation. This is based on a commonly accepted hypothesis which state that non-Newtonian effects can be neglected in intracranial blood flow. This study aims to examine the validity of such hypothesis to guide future CFD studies of intracranial hemodynamics. Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) measurements of systolic and diastolic vessel diameter and blood velocity were conducted on 16 subjects (mean age 50.6). The measurements were conducted on the internal carotid (ICA), middle cerebral (MCA), and anterior communicating (AComA) arteries. Systolic and diastolic wall shear stress (WSS) values were calculated via the Hagen-Poiseuille exact solution using Newtonian and three different non-Newtonian models: namely Carreau, power-law and Herschel-Bulkley models. The Weissenberg-Rabinowitsch correction for blood shear-thinning viscosity was applied to the non-Newtonian models. The error percentage between the two sets of models was calculated and discussed. The Newtonian hypothesis was tested statistically and discussed using paired t tests. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were found between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian WSS in ICA. In MCA and AComA, similar differences were found except in the systole and diastole for the Herschel-Bulkley and power-law models (P = 0.0669, P = 0.7298), respectively. The error between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian models ranged from - 27 to 30% (0.2 to 2.2 Pa). These values could affect the physical interpretation of IA CFD studies. Evidence suggests that the Newtonian assumption may be inappropriate to investigate intracranial hemodynamics. Graphical abstract The WSS estimation error resulting from using the Newtonian assumption compared to three non-Newtonian models for ICA, MCA, and AComA in systole and diastole conditions, based on TCCD measurements of 16 subjects. The error due to the Newtonian assumption ranged from 0.2 to 2.2 Pa (- 27 to 30%). These values could affect the physical interpretation of IA CFD studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Saqr
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan. .,College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Abu Kir, Alexandria, 1029, Egypt. .,Research Center for Computational Neurovascular Biomechanics (RCCNB), Smouha University Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21648, Egypt.
| | - Ossama Mansour
- Research Center for Computational Neurovascular Biomechanics (RCCNB), Smouha University Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21648, Egypt.,Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Alexandria University School of Medicine, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, 21514, Egypt
| | - Simon Tupin
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tamer Hassan
- Research Center for Computational Neurovascular Biomechanics (RCCNB), Smouha University Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21648, Egypt.,Department of Neurosurgery, Alexandria University School of Medicine, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, 21514, Egypt
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Biomedical Flow Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Song WL, Ricciotti E, Liang X, Grosser T, Grant GR, FitzGerald GA. Lipocalin-Like Prostaglandin D Synthase but Not Hemopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Deletion Causes Hypertension and Accelerates Thrombogenesis in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:425-432. [PMID: 30305427 PMCID: PMC6226547 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is formed by two distinct PGD synthases (PGDS): lipocalin-type PGDS (L-PGDS), which acts as a PGD2-producing enzyme and as extracellular lipophilic transporter, and hematopoietic PGDS (H-PGDS), a σ glutathione-S-transferase. PGD2 plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular function; however, the relative contribution of L-PGDS– and H-PGDS–dependent formation of PGD2 in this setting is unknown. To gain insight into the function played by these distinct PGDS, we assessed systemic blood pressure (BP) and thrombogenesis in L-Pgds and H-Pgds knockout (KO) mice. Deletion of L-Pgds depresses urinary PGD2 metabolite (PGDM) by ∼35%, whereas deletion of H-Pgds does so by ∼90%. Deletion of L-Pgds, but not H-Pgds, elevates BP and accelerates the thrombogenic occlusive response to a photochemical injury to the carotid artery. HQL-79, a H-PGDS inhibitor, further depresses PGDM in L-Pgds KO mice, but has no effect on BP or on the thrombogenic response. Gene expression profiling reveals that pathways relevant to vascular function are dysregulated in the aorta of L-Pgds KOs. These results indicate that the functional impact of L-Pgds deletion on vascular homeostasis may result from an autocrine effect of L-PGDS–dependent PGD2 on the vasculature and/or the L-PGDS function as lipophilic carrier protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.A.F.), Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.R.G., G.A.F.), and Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Genetics (G.R.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.A.F.), Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.R.G., G.A.F.), and Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Genetics (G.R.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.A.F.), Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.R.G., G.A.F.), and Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Genetics (G.R.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.A.F.), Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.R.G., G.A.F.), and Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Genetics (G.R.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.A.F.), Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.R.G., G.A.F.), and Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Genetics (G.R.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.A.F.), Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (W.-L.S., E.R., X.L., T.G., G.R.G., G.A.F.), and Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Genetics (G.R.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Low shear stress upregulates the expression of fractalkine through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in endothelial cells. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 29:361-368. [PMID: 29406386 PMCID: PMC5965924 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) is a cytokine which plays an important role in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that FKN induces integrin-independent leukocyte adhesion to primary endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions. Further, increased expression of FKN has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions induced by low shear stress. However, the signal transduction mechanisms involved in low shear stress-induced FKN upregulation are not well characterized. In this study, EA.hy926 cells were subjected to varying intensity of fluid shear stress for different time durations. Further, mRNA and protein expressions of FKN were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Upregulation of FKN expression, which was induced via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway under conditions of low shear stress, was studied both in the presence and absence of inhibitors. Low shear stress (∼4.58 dyne/cm2) for more than 1 h promoted FKN expression and activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways by their phosphorylation. Inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK pathways downregulated the FKN expression. In this study, fluid shear stress affected FKN expression in endothelial cells via activation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in a time-dependent manner. Our findings serve to advance the theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Omori K, Morikawa T, Kunita A, Nakamura T, Aritake K, Urade Y, Fukayama M, Murata T. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-derived PGD 2 attenuates malignant properties of tumor endothelial cells. J Pathol 2017; 244:84-96. [PMID: 29124765 DOI: 10.1002/path.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment. They have abnormal characteristics compared to the ECs in normal tissues. Here, we found a marked increase in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) mRNA (Ptgds) expression in ECs isolated from mouse melanoma. Immunostaining of mouse melanoma revealed expression of L-PGDS protein in the ECs. In situ hybridization also showed L-PGDS (PTGDS) mRNA expression in the ECs of human melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro experiments showed that stimulation with tumor cell-derived IL-1 and TNF-α increased L-PGDS mRNA expression and its product prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ) in human normal ECs. We also investigated the contribution of L-PGDS-PGD2 to tumor growth and vascularization. Systemic or EC-specific deficiency of L-PGDS accelerated the growth of melanoma in mice, whereas treatment with an agonist of the PGD2 receptor, DP1 (BW245C, 0.1 mg/kg, injected intraperitoneally twice daily), attenuated it. Morphological and in vivo studies showed that endothelial L-PGDS deficiency resulted in functional changes of tumor ECs such as accelerated vascular hyperpermeability, angiogenesis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in tumors, which in turn reduced tumor cell apoptosis. These observations suggest that tumor cell-derived inflammatory cytokines increase L-PGDS expression and subsequent PGD2 production in the tumor ECs. This PGD2 acts as a negative regulator of the tumorigenic changes in tumor ECs. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Omori
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kunita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aritake
- Intemational Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Intemational Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Peinhaupt M, Sturm EM, Heinemann A. Prostaglandins and Their Receptors in Eosinophil Function and As Therapeutic Targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:104. [PMID: 28770200 PMCID: PMC5515835 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the known prostanoid receptors, human eosinophils express the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptors DP1 [also D-type prostanoid (DP)] and DP2 (also chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule, expressed on Th2 cells), the prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4, and the prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor IP. Prostanoids can bind to either one or multiple receptors, characteristically have a short half-life in vivo, and are quickly degraded into metabolites with altered affinity and specificity for a given receptor subtype. Prostanoid receptors signal mainly through G proteins and naturally activate signal transduction pathways according to the G protein subtype that they preferentially interact with. This can lead to the activation of sometimes opposing signaling pathways. In addition, prostanoid signaling is often cell-type specific and also the combination of expressed receptors can influence the outcome of the prostanoid impulse. Accordingly, it is assumed that eosinophils and their (patho-)physiological functions are governed by a sensitive prostanoid signaling network. In this review, we specifically focus on the functions of PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2 and their receptors on eosinophils. We discuss their significance in allergic and non-allergic diseases and summarize potential targets for drug intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peinhaupt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Li X, Liu LP, Hong L, Liu X, Zhang B, Wu CZ, Cui X. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential for secretion of ANP induced by prostaglandin D 2 in the beating rat atrium. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:293-300. [PMID: 28461771 PMCID: PMC5409115 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) may act against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and play an anti-inflammatory role in the heart. Although the effect of PGD2 in regulation of ANP secretion of the atrium was reported, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PGD2 can regulate ANP secretion in the isolated perfused beating rat atrium, and its underlying mechanisms. PGD2 (0.1 to 10 µM) significantly increased atrial ANP secretion concomitantly with positive inotropy in a dose-dependent manner. Effects of PGD2 on atrial ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics were abolished by AH-6809 (1.0 µM) and AL-8810 (1.0 µM), PGD2 and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor antagonists, respectively. Moreover, PGD2 clearly upregulated atrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the PGD2 metabolite 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2, 0.1 µM) dramatically increased atrial ANP secretion. Increased ANP secretions induced by PGD2 and 15d-PGJ2 were completely blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (0.1 µM). PD98059 (10.0 µM) and LY294002 (1.0 µM), antagonists of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, respectively, significantly attenuated the increase of atrial ANP secretion by PGD2. These results indicated that PGD2 stimulated atrial ANP secretion and promoted positive inotropy by activating PPARγ in beating rat atria. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were each partially involved in regulating PGD2-induced atrial ANP secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Institue of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Cheng-Zhe Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Institue of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Xun Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Key Laboratory of Organism Functional Factors of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang J, Schmidt CJ, Lamont SJ. Transcriptome analysis reveals potential mechanisms underlying differential heart development in fast- and slow-growing broilers under heat stress. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:295. [PMID: 28407751 PMCID: PMC5390434 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern fast-growing broilers are susceptible to heart failure under heat stress because their relatively small hearts cannot meet increased need of blood pumping. To improve the cardiac tolerance to heat stress in modern broilers through breeding, we need to find the important genes and pathways that contribute to imbalanced cardiac development and frequent occurrence of heat-related heart dysfunction. Two broiler lines - Ross 708 and Illinois - were included in this study as a fast-growing model and a slow-growing model respectively. Each broiler line was separated to two groups at 21 days posthatch. One group was subjected to heat stress treatment in the range of 35-37 °C for 8 h per day, and the other was kept in thermoneutral condition. Body and heart weights were measured at 42 days posthatch, and gene expression in left ventricles were compared between treatments and broiler lines through RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS Body weight and normalized heart weight were significantly reduced by heat stress only in Ross broilers. RNA-seq results of 44 genes were validated using Biomark assay. A total of 325 differentially expressed (DE) genes were detected between heat stress and thermoneutral in Ross 708 birds, but only 3 in Illinois broilers. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted dramatic changes in multiple cellular activities especially downregulation of cell cycle. Comparison between two lines showed that cell cycle activity is higher in Ross than Illinois in thermoneutral condition but is decreased under heat stress. Among the significant pathways (P < 0.01) listed for different comparisons, "Mitotic Roles of Polo-like Kinases" is always ranked first. CONCLUSIONS The increased susceptibility of modern broilers to cardiac dysfunction under heat stress compared to slow-growing broilers could be due to diminished heart capacity related to reduction in relative heart size. The smaller relative heart size in Ross heat stress group than in Ross thermoneutral group is suggested by the transcriptome analysis to be caused by decreased cell cycle activity and increased apoptosis. The DE genes in RNA-seq analysis and significant pathways in IPA provides potential targets for breeding of heat-tolerant broilers with optimized heart function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 806 Stange Rd, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 806 Stange Rd, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shan LN, Chai WS, Lu SJ, Song YG, Su D, Yang S, Shi XB, Wang W. The significant effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on prostaglandin D 2 biosynthesis in rat brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:283-287. [PMID: 28025147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Shan
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Wen-Shu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Si-Jing Lu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Yong-Gui Song
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Dan Su
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xian-Bao Shi
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duan B, Zhang L, Ding X, Li L, Li Y, Geng H, Ma Y. Serum Beta-Trace Protein as a Novel Predictor of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 18:1022-1026. [PMID: 26940810 PMCID: PMC8031803 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Beta-trace protein (BTP) has emerged as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular risk. However, the level of circulating BTP in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of serum BTP in healthy pregnant women and patients with PIH. No significant difference was found in the serum concentration of BTP in patients with a normal pregnancy. In contrast, serum BTP levels in women with PIH (n=46) were significantly higher than those in women with normal pregnancy (n=57). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that using a serum BTP value of 321.3 ng/mL as a cutoff produced a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 89.5%. Taken together, these findings suggest that a higher serum BTP concentration in PIH patients compared with those with normal pregnancy and serum BTP might be a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of PIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bide Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuyan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cyclopentenone-containing oxidized phospholipids and their isoprostanes as pro-resolving mediators of inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:382-392. [PMID: 27422370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation represents a powerful innate immune response that defends tissue homeostasis. However, the appropriate termination of inflammatory processes is essential to prevent the development of chronic inflammatory disorders. The resolution of inflammation is actively induced by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, which include eicosanoids, resolvins, protectins and maresins. The responsible pro-resolution pathways have emerged as promising targets for anti-inflammatory therapies since they mitigate excessive inflammation without compromising the anti-microbial defenses of the host. We have recently shown that the lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, which is associated with inflammatory conditions, generates oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) species with potent pro-resolving activities. These pro-resolving OxPLs contain a cyclopentenone as their common determinant, and are structurally and functionally related to endogenous pro-resolving prostaglandins. Here, we review the regulation of inflammatory responses by OxPLs with particular focus on the bioactivities and structural characteristics of cyclopentenone-OxPLs, and discuss the impact of the responsible signaling pathways on inflammatory diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid modification and lipid peroxidation products in innate immunity and inflammation edited by Christoph J. Binder.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yalcin MU, Gurses KM, Kocyigit D, Kesikli SA, Tokgozoglu L, Guc D, Aytemir K, Ozer N. Elevated Serum Beta-Trace Protein Levels are Associated With the Presence of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertension Patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 18:439-43. [PMID: 26435487 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Beta-trace protein (BTP) has emerged as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular risk. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the relationship between BTP levels and presence of atrial fibrillation in patients who had controlled hypertension (HTN) and normal renal function. A total of 80 controlled HTN patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and 80 age- and sex-matched controls with controlled HTN were enrolled. Serum BTP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BTP levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with PAF (P<.001). Other parameters including mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, serum creatinine levels, and glomerular filtration rate were similar between the two groups. Along with left atrial diameter (odds ratio, 1.504; P<.001), BTP levels (odds ratio, 1.015; P<.001) were independently associated with the presence of PAF. BTP levels were increased in controlled HTN patients with PAF compared with controls, and this association was observed within normal renal functions as reflected by normal glomerular filtration rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kadri M Gurses
- Department of Cardiology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kocyigit
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sacit A Kesikli
- Basic Oncology Department, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dicle Guc
- Basic Oncology Department, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kudret Aytemir
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Necla Ozer
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xue SS, He JL, Zhang X, Liu YJ, Xue FX, Wang CJ, Ai D, Zhu Y. Metabolomic analysis revealed the role of DNA methylation in the balance of arachidonic acid metabolism and endothelial activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
29
|
Divekar R, Butterfield J. Urinary 11β-PGF2α and N-methyl histamine correlate with bone marrow biopsy findings in mast cell disorders. Allergy 2015; 70:1230-8. [PMID: 26095439 DOI: 10.1111/all.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of measuring histamine and prostaglandin metabolites in the urine of patients with mastocytosis has not been critically examined in a large series of patients. This study examined the relationship between the extent of increase in urinary excretion of 11β-prostaglandinF2α and N-methyl histamine, with serum tryptase, whole blood serotonin, and bone marrow findings including morphology, percentage involvement, and abnormal mast cell phenotype. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 90 patients who were continuously enrolled in the study for a period of 6 years (2008-2014). We recorded serum tryptase, whole blood serotonin, levels of urinary mast cell metabolites 11β-prostaglandinF2α and N-methyl histamine (NMH), and bone marrow findings. RESULTS Urinary mast cell metabolites 11β-prostaglandinF2α and N-methyl histamine correlated with levels of serum tryptase, mast cell burden in the bone marrow, the presence of mast cell aggregates, and atypical mast cells on bone marrow biopsy. Whole blood serotonin did not have a significant correlation with the serum tryptase or mast cell burden in the bone marrow. Urinary NMH was significantly different between c-kit D816V-positive and c-kit D816V-negative patients, while 11β-prostaglandinF2α was not. Urinary 11β-prostaglandinF2α 24-h excretion >3500 ng and NMH levels >400 μg/gm Cr corresponded with the high degree of bone marrow biopsies positive for atypical mast cells, the presence of aggregates, and c-kit mutation. CONCLUSIONS Easily obtained and quantified urinary metabolites of histamine (greater than twice the upper limit of normal) and prostaglandin D2 (>3.4 times the upper limit of normal) correlate well with bone marrow findings of mastocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Divekar
- Division of Allergic Diseases and the Mayo Clinic Program for Mast Cell and Eosinophil Disorders; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - J. Butterfield
- Division of Allergic Diseases and the Mayo Clinic Program for Mast Cell and Eosinophil Disorders; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Matsumoto T, Goulopoulou S, Taguchi K, Tostes RC, Kobayashi T. Constrictor prostanoids and uridine adenosine tetraphosphate: vascular mediators and therapeutic targets in hypertension and diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3980-4001. [PMID: 26031319 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of systemic complications associated with arterial hypertension and diabetes. The endothelium, or more specifically, various factors derived from endothelial cells tightly regulate vascular function, including vascular tone. In physiological conditions, there is a balance between endothelium-derived factors, that is, relaxing factors (endothelium-derived relaxing factors; EDRFs) and contracting factors (endothelium-derived contracting factors; EDCFs), which mediate vascular homeostasis. However, in disease states, such as diabetes and arterial hypertension, there is an imbalance between EDRF and EDCF, with a reduction of EDRF signalling and an increase of EDCF signalling. Among EDCFs, COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids play an important role in the development of vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes. Moreover, uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4 A), identified as an EDCF in 2005, also modulates vascular function. However, the role of Up4 A in hypertension- and diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction is unclear. In the present review, we focused on experimental and clinical evidence that implicate these two EDCFs (vasoconstrictor prostanoids and Up4 A) in vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: Improved Identification by Combined Determinations of Serum Tryptase and 24-Hour Urine 11β-Prostaglandin2α. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2014; 2:775-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
White CA, Ghazan-Shahi S, Adams MA. β-Trace protein: a marker of GFR and other biological pathways. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 65:131-46. [PMID: 25446025 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Trace protein (BTP), also known as lipocalin prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS; encoded by the PTGDS gene), is a low-molecular-weight glycoprotein and an emerging novel marker of glomerular filtration rate. BTP is an important constituent of cerebral spinal fluid and is found in much lower concentrations in blood. Its serum origin and renal handling remain poorly understood. Unlike serum creatinine, BTP is not physiologically inert. It possesses both ligand-binding and enzymatic properties. BTP catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGD2. PGD2 is an eicosanoid involved in a variety of important physiologic processes, including platelet aggregation, vasodilation, inflammation, adipogenesis, and bone remodeling. Several studies now have documented BTP's strong association with glomerular filtration rate, end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and death in a variety of different patient populations. This review provides an overview of the biochemistry, physiology and metabolism, biological functions, and measurement of BTP; summarizes the evidence for BTP as a marker of both kidney function and cardiovascular disease; and then considers the interplay between its biological properties, serum concentration, and patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A White
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| | - Sassan Ghazan-Shahi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Kinoshita K, Takeda J, Matsuoka K, Takeda S, Eguchi Y, Oda H, Eguchi N, Urade Y. Expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in preeclampsia patients: a novel marker for preeclampsia. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH IN PREGNANCY 2014. [DOI: 10.14390/jsshp.2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kinoshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kikumi Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yutaka Eguchi
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Naomi Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vílchez JA, Roldán V, Manzano-Fernández S, Fernández H, Avilés-Plaza F, Martínez-Hernández P, Vicente V, Valdés M, Marín F, Lip GY. β-Trace Protein and Prognosis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Anticoagulation Treatment. Chest 2013; 144:1564-1570. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
36
|
Evans JF, Islam S, Urade Y, Eguchi N, Ragolia L. The lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase knockout mouse model of insulin resistance and obesity demonstrates early hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:169-80. [PMID: 23151358 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are closely associated with hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this study, the diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mouse was used to test the hypothesis that chronically elevated metabolic parameters associated with the development of obesity such as cholesterol and glucose can aggravate basal HPA axis activity. Because the lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase (L-PGDS) knockout (KO) mouse is a model of accelerated insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and obesity, it was further hypothesized that HPA activity would be greater in this model. Starting at 8 weeks of age, the L-PGDS KO and C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a low-fat or high-fat diet. After 20 or 37 weeks, fasting metabolic parameters and basal HPA axis hormones were measured and compared between genotypes. Correlation analyses were performed to identify associations between obesity-related chronic metabolic changes and changes in the basal activity of the HPA axis. Our results have identified strong positive correlations between total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and HPA axis hormones that increase with age in the C57BL/6 mice. These data confirm that obesity-related elevations in cholesterol and glucose can heighten basal HPA activity. Additionally, the L-PGDS KO mice show early elevations in HPA activity with no age-related changes relative to the C57BL/6 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi F Evans
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Suite 505-B, Mineola, New York 11501, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Orenes-Piñero E, Manzano-Fernández S, López-Cuenca Á, Marín F, Valdés M, Januzzi JL. β-Trace Protein: From GFR Marker to Cardiovascular Risk Predictor. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8:873-81. [DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08870812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
38
|
Gleim S, Stitham J, Tang WH, Martin KA, Hwa J. An eicosanoid-centric view of atherothrombotic risk factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3361-80. [PMID: 22491820 PMCID: PMC3691514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Atherosclerosis followed by thrombosis (atherothrombosis) is the pathological process underlying most myocardial, cerebral, and peripheral vascular events. Atherothrombosis is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory process that involves interactions between many cell types (including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets) and processes (including migration, proliferation, and activation). Despite a wealth of knowledge from many recent studies using knockout mouse and human genetic studies (GWAS and candidate approach) identifying genes and proteins directly involved in these processes, traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, sex, and age) remain the most useful predictor of disease. Eicosanoids (20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives of arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids) are emerging as important regulators of cardiovascular disease processes. Drugs indirectly modulating these signals, including COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, have proven to play major roles in the atherothrombotic process. However, the complexity of their roles and regulation by opposing eicosanoid signaling, have contributed to the lack of therapies directed at the eicosanoid receptors themselves. This is likely to change, as our understanding of the structure, signaling, and function of the eicosanoid receptors improves. Indeed, a major advance is emerging from the characterization of dysfunctional naturally occurring mutations of the eicosanoid receptors. In light of the proven and continuing importance of risk factors, we have elected to focus on the relationship between eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gleim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Philipose S, Konya V, Lazarevic M, Pasterk LM, Marsche G, Frank S, Peskar BA, Heinemann A, Schuligoi R. Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40222. [PMID: 22870195 PMCID: PMC3411562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the lipid lowering agent niacin is hampered by a frequent flush response which is largely mediated by prostaglandin (PG) D2. Therefore, concomitant administration of the D-type prostanoid (DP) receptor antagonist laropiprant has been proposed to be a useful approach in preventing niacin-induced flush. However, antagonizing PGD2, which is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, might pose the risk of atherothrombotic events in cardiovascular disease. In fact, we found that in vitro treatment of platelets with laropiprant prevented the inhibitory effects of PGD2 on platelet function, i.e. platelet aggregation, Ca2+ flux, P-selectin expression, activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and thrombus formation. In contrast, laropiprant did not prevent the inhibitory effects of acetylsalicylic acid or niacin on thrombus formation. At higher concentrations, laropiprant by itself attenuated platelet activation induced by thromboxane (TP) and E-type prostanoid (EP)-3 receptor stimulation, as demonstrated in assays of platelet aggregation, Ca2+ flux, P-selectin expression, and activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Inhibition of platelet function exerted by EP4 or I-type prostanoid (IP) receptors was not affected by laropiprant. These in vitro data suggest that niacin/laropiprant for the treatment of dyslipidemias might have a beneficial profile with respect to platelet function and thrombotic events in vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Philipose
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mirjana Lazarevic
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa M. Pasterk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sasa Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard A. Peskar
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Appropriate long-term drinking of red wine is associated with a reduced risk for lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, making resveratrol, a constituent of grapes and various other plants, an attractive compound to be studied. Historically, resveratrol has been identified as a phytoalexin, antioxidant, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inducer, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) activator, and more. Despite scepticism concerning the biological availability of resveratrol, a growing body of in vivo evidence indicates that resveratrol has protective effects in several stress and disease models. Here, we provide a review of the studies on resveratrol, especially with respect to COX, PPAR, and eNOS activities, and discuss its potential for promoting human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Félétou M, Huang Y, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-mediated control of vascular tone: COX-1 and COX-2 products. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:894-912. [PMID: 21323907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent contractions contribute to endothelial dysfunction in various animal models of aging, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the archetypal model for endothelium-dependent contractions, the production of the endothelium-derived contractile factors (EDCF) involves an increase in endothelial intracellular calcium concentration, the production of reactive oxygen species, the predominant activation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and to a lesser extent that of COX-2, the diffusion of EDCF towards the smooth muscle cells and the subsequent stimulation of their thromboxane A2-endoperoxide TP receptors. Endothelium-dependent contractions are also observed in various models of hypertension, aging and diabetes. They generally also involve the generation of COX-1- and/or COX-2-derived products and the activation of smooth muscle TP receptors. Depending on the model, thromboxane A(2), PGH(2), PGF(2α), PGE(2) and paradoxically PGI(2) can all act as EDCFs. In human, the production of COX-derived EDCF is a characteristic of the aging and diseased blood vessels, with essential hypertension causing an earlier onset and an acceleration of this endothelial dysfunction. As it has been observed in animal models, COX-1, COX-2 or both isoforms can contribute to these endothelial dysfunctions. Since in most cases, the activation of TP receptors is the common downstream effector, selective antagonists of this receptor should curtail endothelial dysfunction and be of therapeutic interest in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
|
42
|
Prostanoids in tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic intervention beyond COX-2. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:233-43. [PMID: 22425675 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostanoids regulate angiogenesis in carcinoma and chronic inflammatory disease progression. Although prostanoid biosynthetic enzymes and signaling have been extensively analyzed in inflammation, little is known about how prostanoids mediate tumor-induced angiogenesis. Targeted cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition in tumor, stromal and endothelial cells is an attractive antiangiogenic strategy; however, the associated cardiovascular side effects have led to the development of a new generation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) acting downstream of COX. These agents target terminal prostanoid synthases and prostanoid receptors, which may also include several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Here, we discuss the role of prostanoids as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and how prostanoid metabolism reflects complex cell-cell crosstalk that determines tumor growth. Finally, we discuss the potential of new NSAIDs for the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent tumor development.
Collapse
|
43
|
Song WL, Stubbe J, Ricciotti E, Alamuddin N, Ibrahim S, Crichton I, Prempeh M, Lawson JA, Wilensky RL, Rasmussen LM, Puré E, FitzGerald GA. Niacin and biosynthesis of PGD₂by platelet COX-1 in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1459-68. [PMID: 22406532 DOI: 10.1172/jci59262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of niacin to treat dyslipidemic conditions is limited by noxious side effects, most commonly facial flushing. In mice, niacin-induced flushing results from COX-1-dependent formation of PGD₂ and PGE₂ followed by COX-2-dependent production of PGE₂. Consistent with this, niacin-induced flushing in humans is attenuated when niacin is combined with an antagonist of the PGD₂ receptor DP1. NSAID-mediated suppression of COX-2-derived PGI₂ has negative cardiovascular consequences, yet little is known about the cardiovascular biology of PGD₂. Here, we show that PGD₂ biosynthesis is augmented during platelet activation in humans and, although vascular expression of DP1 is conserved between humans and mice, platelet DP1 is not present in mice. Despite this, DP1 deletion in mice augmented aneurysm formation and the hypertensive response to Ang II and accelerated atherogenesis and thrombogenesis. Furthermore, COX inhibitors in humans, as well as platelet depletion, COX-1 knockdown, and COX-2 deletion in mice, revealed that niacin evoked platelet COX-1-derived PGD₂ biosynthesis. Finally, ADP-induced spreading on fibrinogen was augmented by niacin in washed human platelets, coincident with increased thromboxane (Tx) formation. However, in platelet-rich plasma, where formation of both Tx and PGD₂ was increased, spreading was not as pronounced and was inhibited by DP1 activation. Thus, PGD₂, like PGI₂, may function as a homeostatic response to thrombogenic and hypertensive stimuli and may have particular relevance as a constraint on platelets during niacin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aging-shifted prostaglandin profile in endothelium as a factor in cardiovascular disorders. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:121390. [PMID: 22500225 PMCID: PMC3303603 DOI: 10.1155/2012/121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated endothelium dysfunction is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelium-synthesized prostaglandins and thromboxane are local hormones, which mediate vasodilation and vasoconstriction and critically maintain vascular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the age-related changes in endothelial eicosanoids contribute to decline in endothelium function and are associated with pathological dysfunction. In this review we summarize currently available information on aging-shifted prostaglandin profiles in endothelium and how these shifts are associated with cardiovascular disorders, providing one molecular mechanism of age-associated endothelium dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
45
|
Luna-Gomes T, Magalhães KG, Mesquita-Santos FP, Bakker-Abreu I, Samico RF, Molinaro R, Calheiros AS, Diaz BL, Bozza PT, Weller PF, Bandeira-Melo C. Eosinophils as a novel cell source of prostaglandin D2: autocrine role in allergic inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6518-26. [PMID: 22102725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PGD(2) is a key mediator of allergic inflammatory diseases that is mainly synthesized by mast cells, which constitutively express high levels of the terminal enzyme involved in PGD(2) synthesis, the hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS). In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils are also able to synthesize, and therefore, supply biologically active PGD(2). PGD(2) synthesis was evaluated within human blood eosinophils, in vitro differentiated mouse eosinophils, and eosinophils infiltrating inflammatory site of mouse allergic reaction. Biological function of eosinophil-derived PGD(2) was studied by employing inhibitors of synthesis and activity. Constitutive expression of H-PGDS was found within nonstimulated human circulating eosinophils. Acute stimulation of human eosinophils with A23187 (0.1-5 μM) evoked PGD(2) synthesis, which was located at the nuclear envelope and was inhibited by pretreatment with HQL-79 (10 μM), a specific H-PGDS inhibitor. Prestimulation of human eosinophils with arachidonic acid (10 μM) or human eotaxin (6 nM) also enhanced HQL-79-sensitive PGD(2) synthesis, which, by acting on membrane-expressed specific receptors (D prostanoid receptors 1 and 2), displayed an autocrine/paracrine ability to trigger leukotriene C(4) synthesis and lipid body biogenesis, hallmark events of eosinophil activation. In vitro differentiated mouse eosinophils also synthesized paracrine/autocrine active PGD(2) in response to arachidonic acid stimulation. In vivo, at late time point of the allergic reaction, infiltrating eosinophils found at the inflammatory site appeared as an auxiliary PGD(2)-synthesizing cell population. Our findings reveal that eosinophils are indeed able to synthesize and secrete PGD(2), hence representing during allergic inflammation an extra cell source of PGD(2), which functions as an autocrine signal for eosinophil activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Prevention of Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Death by the PPARgamma Agonists, 15-Deoxy-Delta 12, 14-Prostaglandin J(2). PPAR Res 2011; 2008:720163. [PMID: 18382621 PMCID: PMC2276681 DOI: 10.1155/2008/720163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular oxidative stress plays an important role in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell death during aging and the development of age-related macular degeneration. Early reports indicate that during phagocytosis of rod outer segments, there is an increase of RPE oxidative stress and an upregulation of PPARγ mRNA in these cells. These studies suggest that activation of PPARγ may modulate cellular oxidative stress. This paper presents a brief review of recent studies that investigate RPE oxidative stress under various experimental conditions. This is followed by a detailed review on those reports that examine the protective effect of the natural PPARγ ligand, 15d-PGJ2, against RPE oxidative stress. This agent can upregulate glutathione and prevent oxidant-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and apoptosis. The cytoprotective effect of this agent, however, is not shared by other PPARγ agonists. Nonetheless, this property of 15d-PGJ2 may be useful in future development of pharmacological tools against retinal diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
47
|
Félétou M. The Endothelium, Part I: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells -- Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4199/c00031ed1v01y201105isp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
Prostaglandins are lipid autacoids derived from arachidonic acid. They both sustain homeostatic functions and mediate pathogenic mechanisms, including the inflammatory response. They are generated from arachidonate by the action of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, and their biosynthesis is blocked by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including those selective for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Despite the clinical efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, prostaglandins may function in both the promotion and resolution of inflammation. This review summarizes insights into the mechanisms of prostaglandin generation and the roles of individual mediators and their receptors in modulating the inflammatory response. Prostaglandin biology has potential clinical relevance for atherosclerosis, the response to vascular injury and aortic aneurysm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, 153 Johnson Pavilion, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Camacho M, Rodríguez C, Guadall A, Alcolea S, Orriols M, Escudero JR, Martínez-González J, Vila L. Hypoxia upregulates PGI-synthase and increases PGI₂ release in human vascular cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:720-31. [PMID: 21296955 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m011007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia affects vascular function and cell metabolism, survival, growth, and motility; these processes are partially regulated by prostanoids. We analyzed the effect of hypoxia and inflammation on key enzymes involved in prostanoid biosynthesis in human vascular cells. In human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), hypoxia and interleukin (IL)-1β synergistically increased prostaglandin (PG)I₂ but not PGE₂ release, thereby increasing the PGI₂/PGE₂ ratio. Concomitantly, these stimuli upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression (mRNA and protein) and COX activity. Interestingly, hypoxia enhanced PGI-synthase (PGIS) expression and activity in VSMC and human endothelial cells. Hypoxia did not significantly modify the inducible microsomal-PGE-synthase (mPGES)-1. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-silencing abrogated hypoxia-induced PGIS upregulation. PGIS transcriptional activity was enhanced by hypoxia; however, the minimal PGIS promoter responsive to hypoxia (-131 bp) did not contain any putative hypoxia response element (HRE), suggesting that HIF-1 does not directly drive PGIS transcription. Serial deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested several transcription factors participate cooperatively. Plasma levels of the stable metabolite of PGI₂ and PGIS expression in several tissues were also upregulated in mice exposed to hypoxia. These data suggest that PGIS upregulation is part of the adaptive response of vascular cells to hypoxic stress and could play a role in counteracting the deleterious effect of inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Camacho
- Angiology, Vascular Biology, and Inflammation Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|