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de Oliveira RMW, Kohara NA, Milani H. Cannabidiol in experimental cerebral ischemia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 177:95-120. [PMID: 39029992 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The absence of blood flow in cerebral ischemic conditions triggers a multitude of intricate pathophysiological mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier and white matter disarrangement. Despite numerous experimental studies conducted in preclinical settings, existing treatments for cerebral ischemia (CI), such as mechanical and pharmacological therapies, remain constrained and often entail significant side effects. Therefore, there is an imperative to explore innovative strategies for addressing CI outcomes. Cannabidiol (CBD), the most abundant non-psychotomimetic compound derived from Cannabis sativa, is a pleiotropic substance that interacts with diverse molecular targets and has the potential to influence various pathophysiological processes, thereby contributing to enhanced outcomes in CI. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the primary effects of CBD in in vitro and diverse animal models of CI and delves into some of its plausible mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Akemi Kohara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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2
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Naya NM, Kelly J, Hogwood A, Abbate A, Toldo S. Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:699-712. [PMID: 38703078 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2351513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabidiol (CBD) is the primary non-psychoactive chemical derived from Cannabis Sativa, and its growing popularity is due to its potential therapeutic properties while avoiding the psychotropic effects of other phytocannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Numerous pre-clinical studies in cellular and animal models and human clinical trials have demonstrated a positive impact of CBD on physiological and pathological processes. Recently, the FDA approved its use for the treatment of seizures, and clinical trials to test the efficacy of CBD in myocarditis and pericarditis are ongoing. AREAS COVERED We herein reviewed the current literature on the reported effects of CBD in the cardiovascular system, highlighting the physiological effects and the outcomes of using CBD as a therapeutic tool in pathological conditions to address this significant global health concern. EXPERT OPINION The comprehensive examination of the literature emphasizes the potential of CBD as a therapeutic option for treating cardiovascular diseases through its anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant properties in different conditions such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Martinez Naya
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jazmin Kelly
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Austin Hogwood
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Raïch I, Lillo J, Rivas-Santisteban R, Rebassa JB, Capó T, Santandreu M, Cubeles-Juberias E, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G. Potential of CBD Acting on Cannabinoid Receptors CB 1 and CB 2 in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6708. [PMID: 38928415 PMCID: PMC11204117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death. It not only affects adult people but also many children. It is estimated that, every year, 15 million people suffer a stroke worldwide. Among them, 5 million people die, while 5 million people are left permanently disabled. In this sense, the research to find new treatments should be accompanied with new therapies to combat neuronal death and to avoid developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Phytocannabinoids are among the compounds that have been used by mankind for the longest period of history. Their beneficial effects such as pain regulation or neuroprotection are widely known and make them possible therapeutic agents with high potential. These compounds bind cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Unfortunately, the psychoactive side effect has displaced them in the vast majority of areas. Thus, progress in the research and development of new compounds that show efficiency as neuroprotectors without this psychoactive effect is essential. On the one hand, these compounds could selectively bind the CB2 receptor that does not show psychoactive effects and, in glia, has opened new avenues in this field of research, shedding new light on the use of cannabinoid receptors as therapeutic targets to combat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, or stroke. On the other hand, a new possibility lies in the formation of heteromers containing cannabinoid receptors. Heteromers are new functional units that show new properties compared to the individual protomers. Thus, they represent a new possibility that may offer the beneficial effects of cannabinoids devoid of the unwanted psychoactive effect. Nowadays, the approval of a mixture of CBD (cannabidiol) and Δ9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) to treat the neuropathic pain and spasticity in multiple sclerosis or purified cannabidiol to combat pediatric epilepsy have opened new therapeutic possibilities in the field of cannabinoids and returned these compounds to the front line of research to treat pathologies as relevant as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Capó
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Santandreu
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
| | - Erik Cubeles-Juberias
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.); (T.C.); (M.S.); (E.C.-J.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.); (R.R.-S.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Daniel J. Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e369-e372. [PMID: 37820705 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230829-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric epilepsy is a debilitating disease cluster that is much less researched than adult epilepsy. With approximately 30% of patients with pediatric epilepsy experiencing refractory seizures, novel treatment modalities are sometimes necessary to provide benefit. The use of marijuana, and more specifically cannabidiol, in people with seizures is much more broadly researched in adults compared with pediatric patients, although several recent review articles have been published. This article seeks to provide a pathophysiological basis for cannabidiol in epilepsy, discuss commercially available products and nonpharmaceutical marijuana, and review recent evidence in pediatric epilepsy. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(10):e369-e372.].
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Zhang J, Lin C, Jin S, Wang H, Wang Y, Du X, Hutchinson MR, Zhao H, Fang L, Wang X. The pharmacology and therapeutic role of cannabidiol in diabetes. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20230047. [PMID: 37933286 PMCID: PMC10582612 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, has garnered substantial interest in drug development due to its broad pharmacological activity and multi-target effects. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that can damage multiple organs in the body, leading to the development of complications such as abnormal kidney function, vision loss, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. CBD has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in treating diabetes mellitus and its complications owing to its various pharmacological effects. This work summarizes the role of CBD in diabetes and its impact on complications such as cardiovascular dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Strategies for discovering molecular targets for CBD in the treatment of diabetes and its complications are also proposed. Moreover, ways to optimize the structure of CBD based on known targets to generate new CBD analogues are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Sha Jin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and EcologyCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mark R. Hutchinson
- Discipline of PhysiologyAdelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideThe Commonwealth of AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
- ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonicsUniversity of AdelaideThe Commonwealth of AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of NeurologyThe China‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiPeople's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Sciaccaluga M, Ruffolo G, Palma E, Costa C. Traditional and Innovative Anti-seizure Medications Targeting Key Physiopathological Mechanisms: Focus on Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1736-1754. [PMID: 37143270 PMCID: PMC10514539 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230504160948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide range of compounds currently available to treat epilepsy, there is still no drug that directly tackles the physiopathological mechanisms underlying its development. Indeed, antiseizure medications attempt to prevent seizures but are inefficacious in counteracting or rescuing the physiopathological phenomena that underlie their onset and recurrence, and hence do not cure epilepsy. Classically, the altered excitation/inhibition balance is postulated as the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis and seizure generation. This oversimplification, however, does not account for deficits in homeostatic plasticity resulting from either insufficient or excessive compensatory mechanisms in response to a change in network activity. In this respect, both neurodevelopmental epilepsies and those associated with neurodegeneration may share common underlying mechanisms that still need to be fully elucidated. The understanding of these molecular mechanisms shed light on the identification of new classes of drugs able not only to suppress seizures, but also to present potential antiepileptogenic effects or "disease-modifying" properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
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Meyer E, Rieder P, Gobbo D, Candido G, Scheller A, de Oliveira RMW, Kirchhoff F. Cannabidiol Exerts a Neuroprotective and Glia-Balancing Effect in the Subacute Phase of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12886. [PMID: 36361675 PMCID: PMC9659180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological agents limiting secondary tissue loss and improving functional outcomes after stroke are still limited. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent against experimental cerebral ischemia. The effects of CBD mostly relate to the modulation of neuroinflammation, including glial activation. To investigate the effects of CBD on glial cells after focal ischemia in vivo, we performed time-lapse imaging of microglia and astroglial Ca2+ signaling in the somatosensory cortex in the subacute phase of stroke by in vivo two-photon laser-scanning microscopy using transgenic mice with microglial EGFP expression and astrocyte-specific expression of the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP3. CBD (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) prevented ischemia-induced neurological impairment, reducing the neurological deficit score from 2.0 ± 1.2 to 0.8 ± 0.8, and protected against neurodegeneration, as shown by the reduction (more than 70%) in Fluoro-Jade C staining (18.8 ± 7.5 to 5.3 ± 0.3). CBD reduced ischemia-induced microglial activation assessed by changes in soma area and total branch length, and exerted a balancing effect on astroglial Ca2+ signals. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of CBD may occur in the subacute phase of ischemia, and reinforce its strong anti-inflammatory property. Nevertheless, its mechanism of action on glial cells still requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Meyer
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020900, Brazil
| | - Phillip Rieder
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Davide Gobbo
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gabriella Candido
- Laboratory of Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020900, Brazil
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Rúbia Maria Weffort de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Brain Ischemia and Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020900, Brazil
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Lillo J, Raïch I, Silva L, Zafra DA, Lillo A, Ferreiro-Vera C, Sánchez de Medina V, Martínez-Orgado J, Franco R, Navarro G. Regulation of Expression of Cannabinoid CB2 and Serotonin 5HT1A Receptor Complexes by Cannabinoids in Animal Models of Hypoxia and in Oxygen/Glucose-Deprived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179695. [PMID: 36077095 PMCID: PMC9456173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid with potential in one of the most prevalent syndromes occurring at birth, the hypoxia of the neonate. CBD targets a variety of proteins, cannabinoid CB2 and serotonin 5HT1A receptors included. These two receptors may interact to form heteromers (CB2–5HT1A-Hets) that are also a target of CBD. Aims: We aimed to assess whether the expression and function of CB2–5HT1A-Hets is affected by CBD in animal models of hypoxia of the neonate and in glucose- and oxygen-deprived neurons. Methods: We developed a quantitation of signal transduction events in a heterologous system and in glucose/oxygen-deprived neurons. The expression of receptors was assessed by immuno-cyto and -histochemistry and, also, by using the only existing technique to visualize CB2–5HT1A-Hets fixed cultured cells and tissue sections (in situ proximity ligation PLA assay). Results: CBD and cannabigerol, which were used for comparative purposes, affected the structure of the heteromer, but in a qualitatively different way; CBD but not CBG increased the affinity of the CB2 and 5HT1A receptor–receptor interaction. Both cannabinoids regulated the effects of CB2 and 5HT1A receptor agonists. CBD was able to revert the upregulation of heteromers occurring when neurons were deprived of oxygen and glucose. CBD significantly reduced the increased expression of the CB2–5HT1A-Het in glucose/oxygen-deprived neurons. Importantly, in brain sections of a hypoxia/ischemia animal model, administration of CBD led to a significant reduction in the expression of CB2–5HT1A-Hets. Conclusions: Benefits of CBD in the hypoxia of the neonate are mediated by acting on CB2–5HT1A-Hets and by reducing the aberrant expression of the receptor–receptor complex in hypoxic-ischemic conditions. These results reinforce the potential of CBD for the therapy of the hypoxia of the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iu Raïch
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Silva
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David A. Zafra
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ferreiro-Vera
- Phytoplant Research S.L.U, Astrónoma Cecilia Payne Street, Centauro Building, B-1, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - José Martínez-Orgado
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (G.N.); Tel.: +34-934-021-208 (R.F.); +34-934-034-500 (G.N.)
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (G.N.); Tel.: +34-934-021-208 (R.F.); +34-934-034-500 (G.N.)
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Barata L, de Hoz-Rivera M, Romero A, Martínez M, Silva L, Villa M, Campa L, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Martínez-Orgado J. Role of 5HT1A Receptors in the Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects of Cannabidiol in Hypoxic–Ischemic Newborn Piglets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925740. [PMID: 35924056 PMCID: PMC9341521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insults have important deleterious consequences in newborns, including short-term morbidity with neuromotor and cognitive disturbances. Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects and shows anxiolytic/antidepressant effects as well. These effects are thought to be related to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5HT1AR) activation. We hereby aimed to study the role of 5HT1AR in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of CBD in HI newborn piglets. Methods: 1-day-old piglets submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO2 10%) and bilateral carotid occlusion were then treated daily with vehicle, CBD 1 mg/kg, or CBD with the 5HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 1 mg/kg 72 h post-HI piglets were studied using amplitude-integrated EEG to detect seizures and a neurobehavioral test to detect neuromotor impairments. In addition, behavioral performance including social interaction, playful activity, hyperlocomotion, and motionless periods was assessed. Then, brain damage was assessed using histology (Nissl and TUNEL staining) and biochemistry (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Results: HI led to brain damage as assessed by histologic and biochemistry studies, associated with neuromotor impairment and increased seizures. These effects were not observed in HI piglets treated with CBD. These beneficial effects of CBD were not reversed by the 5HT1AR antagonist, which is in contrast with previous studies demonstrating that 5HT1AR antagonists eliminated CBD neuroprotection as assessed 6 h after HI in piglets. HI led to mood disturbances, with decreased social interaction and playfulness and increased hyperlocomotion. Mood disturbances were not observed in piglets treated with CBD, but in this case, coadministration of the 5HT1AR antagonist eliminates the beneficial effects of CBD. Conclusion: CBD prevented HI-induced mood disturbances in newborn piglets by acting on 5HT1AR. However, 5HT1AR activation seems to be necessary for CBD neuroprotection only in the first hours after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Barata
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Hoz-Rivera
- Fundación para La Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Romero
- Fundación para La Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez
- Fundación para La Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Silva
- Fundación para La Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villa
- Fundación para La Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnoloía, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de, Granada, Spain
| | - José Martínez-Orgado
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Martínez-Orgado,
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10
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Sánchez-Zavaleta R, Ávalos-Fuentes JA, González-Hernández AV, Recillas-Morales S, Paz-Bermúdez FJ, Leyva-Gómez G, Cortés H, Florán B. Presynaptic nigral GPR55 receptors stimulate [ 3 H]-GABA release through [ 3 H]-cAMP production and PKA activation and promote motor behavior. Synapse 2022; 76:e22246. [PMID: 35831708 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons express mRNA and protein of GPR55 receptors that stimulate neurotransmitter release; thus, GPR55 could be sent to nigral striatal projections, where it might modulate GABA release and motor behavior. Here we study the presence of GPR55 receptors at striato-nigral terminals, their modulation of GABA release, their signaling pathway, and their effect on motor activity. By double immunohistochemistry, we found the colocation of GPR55 protein and substance P in the dorsal striatum. In slices of the rat substantia nigra, the GPR55 agonists LPI and O-1602 stimulated [3 H]-GABA release induced by high K+ depolarization in a dose-dependent manner. The antagonists CID16020046 and cannabidiol prevented agonist stimulation in a dose-dependent way. The effect of GPR55 on nigral [3 H]-GABA release was prevented by lesion of the striatum with kainic acid, which was accompanied by a decrement of GPR55 protein in nigral synaptosomes, indicating the presynaptic location of receptors. The depletion of internal Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin did not prevent the effect of LPI on [3 H]-GABA release, but the remotion or chelation of external calcium did. Blockade of Gi, Gs, PLC, PKC, or dopamine D1 receptor signaling proteins did not prevent the effect of GPR55 on release. However, the activation of GPR55 stimulated [3 H]-cAMP accumulation and PKA activity. Intranigral unilateral injection of LPI induces contralateral turning. This turning was prevented by CID16020046, cannabidiol, and bicuculline but not by SCH 23390. Our data indicate that presynaptic GPR55 receptors stimulate [3 H]-GABA release at striato-nigral terminals through [3 H]-cAMP production and stimulate motor behavior. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - José Arturo Ávalos-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Antonio Valentín González-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | | | - Francisco Javier Paz-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
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11
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Vicente-Acosta A, Ceprian M, Sobrino P, Pazos MR, Loría F. Cannabinoids as Glial Cell Modulators in Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888222. [PMID: 35721207 PMCID: PMC9199389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide following coronary heart disease. Despite significant efforts to find effective treatments to reduce neurological damage, many patients suffer from sequelae that impair their quality of life. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options for the treatment of these patients is a priority. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, participate in crucial processes that allow the correct functioning of the neural tissue, being actively involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Although the exact mechanisms by which glial cells contribute in the pathophysiological context of stroke are not yet completely understood, they have emerged as potentially therapeutic targets to improve brain recovery. The endocannabinoid system has interesting immunomodulatory and protective effects in glial cells, and the pharmacological modulation of this signaling pathway has revealed potential neuroprotective effects in different neurological diseases. Therefore, here we recapitulate current findings on the potential promising contribution of the endocannabinoid system pharmacological manipulation in glial cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Vicente-Acosta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ceprian
- ERC Team, PGNM, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pilar Sobrino
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Maria Ruth Pazos
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Frida Loría
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
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12
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Kumar Kalvala A, Bagde A, Arthur P, Kumar Surapaneni S, Ramesh N, Nathani A, Singh M. Role of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rodents. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108693. [PMID: 35303507 PMCID: PMC10791145 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate if phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabidiol (CBD), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and their combination, could protect mice from Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). Six groups of C57BL/6J mice (n = 6) were used in this study. The mice were given paclitaxel (PTX) (8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 to induce neuropathy. Mice were evaluated for behavioral parameters, and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) were collected from the animals and subjected to RNA sequencing and westernblot analysis at the end of the study. On cultured DRGs derived from adult male rats, immunocytochemistry and mitochondrial functional assays were also performed. When compared to individual treatments, the combination of CBD and THCV improved thermal and mechanical neurobehavioral symptoms in mice by twofold. Targets for CBD and THCV therapy were identified by KEGG (RNA sequencing). PTX reduced the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, NRF2, HO1, SOD2, and catalase while increasing the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, p-P38 MAP kinase, BAX, TGF-β, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase 3 in DRG homogenates of mice. Combination therapy outperformed monotherapy in reversing these protein expressions. The addition of CBD and THCV to DRG primary cultures reduced mitochondrial superoxides while increasing mitochondrial membrane potentials. WAY100135 and rimonabant altered the neuroprotective effects of CBD and THCV respectively by blocking 5-HT1A and CB1 receptors in mice and DRG primary cultures. The entourage effect of CBD and THCV against PIPN appears to protect neurons in mice via 5HT1A and CB1 receptors respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Nimma Ramesh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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13
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Maguire RF, Wilkinson DJ, England TJ, O'Sullivan SE. The Pharmacological Effects of Plant-Derived versus Synthetic Cannabidiol in Human Cell Lines. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2022; 4:86-96. [PMID: 35224428 DOI: 10.1159/000517120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) can be isolated from Cannabis sativa L. or synthetically produced. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effects of purified natural and synthetic CBD to establish any pharmacological differences or superiority between sources. Methods Six purified samples of CBD were obtained, 4 of these were natural and 2 synthetic. The anticancer effects of CBD were assessed in a human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3 cells). The neuroprotective effects of CBD were assessed in human pericytes in a model of stroke (oxygen glucose deprivation [OGD]). The ability of CBD to restore inflammation-induced intestinal permeability was assessed in differentiated human Caco-2 cells (a model of enterocytes). Results (1) In proliferating and confluent SKOV-3 cells, all CBD samples similarly reduced resazurin metabolism as a marker of cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). (2) In pericytes exposed to OGD, all CBD samples similarly reduced cellular damage (measured by lactate dehydrogenase) at 24 h by 31-48% and reduced inflammation (measured by IL-6 secretion) by 30-53%. Attenuation of IL-6 was inhibited by 5HT1A receptor antagonism for all CBD sources. (3) In differentiated Caco-2 cells exposed to inflammation (TNFα and IFNγ, 10 ng/mL for 24 h), each CBD sample increased the speed of recovery of epithelial permeability compared to control (p < 0.05-0.001), which was inhibited by a CB1 receptor antagonist. Conclusion Our results suggest that there is no pharmacological difference in vitro in the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, or permeability effects of purified natural versus synthetic CBD. The purity and reliability of CBD samples, as well as the ultimate pharmaceutical preparation, should all be considered above the starting source of CBD in the development of new CBD medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Maguire
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J England
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Stroke, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Artelo Biosciences, Inc., La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Astray G, Mejuto JC, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J. Benefits, toxicity and current market of cannabidiol in edibles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5800-5812. [PMID: 34989307 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of products with cannabidiol (CBD) has undergone a significant increase. These products can be presented in different forms such as baked goods, gummies or beverages (such as kombucha, beer or teas, among others) using wide concentrations ranges. The use of CBD in edibles favors its consumption, for medicinal users, during the work week, avoid its possible social stigma and facilitates its transport. These products can be purchased on store shelves and online. There is a large number of specialized studies, in which the possible advantages of CBD consumption are described in the preclinical and clinical trials. It is also necessary to recognize the existence of other works revealing that the excessive consumption of CBD could have some repercussions on health. In this review, it is analyzed the composition and properties of Cannabis sativa L., the health benefits of cannabinoids (focusing on CBD), its consumption, its possible toxicological effects, a brief exposition of the extraction process, and a collection of different products that contain CBD in its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Astray
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Ourense, España
| | - Juan C Mejuto
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Ourense, España
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Ourense, Spain
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15
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Pedrazzi JFC, Sales AJ, Guimarães FS, Joca SRL, Crippa JAS, Del Bel E. Cannabidiol prevents disruptions in sensorimotor gating induced by psychotomimetic drugs that last for 24-h with probable involvement of epigenetic changes in the ventral striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110352. [PMID: 34015384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotomimetic component of the Cannabis sativa plant, shows therapeutic potential in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antipsychotic-like effects of CBD are not fully understood. Schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment can modulate DNA methylation in the blood and brain, resulting in altered expression of diverse genes associated with this complex disorder. However, to date, the possible involvement of DNA methylation in the antipsychotic-like effects of CBD has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating in mice submitted to the prepulse inhibition (PPI) model: i) the effects of a single injection of CBD or clozapine followed by AMPH or MK-801 on PPI and global DNA methylation changes in the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC); and ii). if the acute antipsychotic-like effects of CBD would last for 24-h. AMPH (5 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) impaired PPI. CBD (30 and 60 mg/kg), similar to clozapine (5 mg/kg), attenuated AMPH- and MK801-induced PPI disruption. AMPH, but not MK-801, increased global DNA methylation in the ventral striatum, an effect prevented by CBD. CBD and clozapine increased, by themselves, DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex. The acute effects of CBD (30 or 60 mg/kg) on the PPI impairment induced by AMPH or MK-801 was also detectable 24 h later. Altogether, the results show that CBD induces acute antipsychotic-like effects that last for 24-h. It also modulates DNA methylation in the ventral striatum, suggesting a new potential mechanism for its antipsychotic-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F C Pedrazzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departament of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - José A S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Pugazhendhi A, Suganthy N, Chau TP, Sharma A, Unpaprom Y, Ramaraj R, Karuppusamy I, Brindhadevi K. Cannabinoids as anticancer and neuroprotective drugs: Structural insights and pharmacological interactions—A review. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Vasoprotective Endothelial Effects of Chronic Cannabidiol Treatment and Its Influence on the Endocannabinoid System in Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111120. [PMID: 34832902 PMCID: PMC8624681 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the endothelium (vascular)-protecting effects of chronic cannabidiol (CBD) administration (10 mg/kg once daily for 2 weeks) in aortas and small mesenteric (G3) arteries isolated from deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertensive (DOCA-salt) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). CBD reduced hypertrophy and improved the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine in the aortas and G3 of DOCA-salt rats and SHR. The enhancement of vasorelaxation was prevented by the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) with L-NAME and/or the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) with indomethacin in the aortas and G3 of DOCA-salt and SHR, respectively. The mechanism of the CBD-mediated improvement of endothelial function in hypertensive vessels depends on the vessel diameter and may be associated with its NO-, the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel- or NO-, COX-, the intermediate and the small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels-dependent effect in aortas and G3, respectively. CBD increased the vascular expression of the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and aortic levels of endocannabinoids with vasorelaxant properties e.g., anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and palmitoyl ethanolamide in aortas of DOCA-salt and/or SHR. In conclusion, CBD treatment has vasoprotective effects in hypertensive rats, in a vessel-size- and hypertension-model-independent manner, at least partly via inducing local vascular changes in the endocannabinoid system.
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18
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Corpetti C, Del Re A, Seguella L, Palenca I, Rurgo S, De Conno B, Pesce M, Sarnelli G, Esposito G. Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-Cov-2 spike (S) protein-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPARγ-dependent TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling suppression in Caco-2 cell line. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6893-6903. [PMID: 34643000 PMCID: PMC8662250 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the abundancy of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE‐2) receptors density, beyond the lung, the intestine is considered as an alternative site of infection and replication for severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently been proposed in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) respiratory symptoms because of its anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity exerted in the lung. In this study, we demonstrated the in vitro PPAR‐γ‐dependent efficacy of CBD (10−9‐10−7 M) in preventing epithelial damage and hyperinflammatory response triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (SP) in a Caco‐2 cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that CBD was able to reduce all the analyzed proinflammatory markers triggered by SP incubation, such as tool‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), ACE‐2, family members of Ras homologues A‐GTPase (RhoA‐GTPase), inflammasome complex (NLRP3), and Caspase‐1. CBD caused a parallel inhibition of interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐18 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. By immunofluorescence analysis, we observed increased expression of tight‐junction proteins and restoration of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) following CBD treatment, as well as the rescue of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran permeability induced by SP. Our data indicate, in conclusion, that CBD is a powerful inhibitor of SP protein enterotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara De Conno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Landucci E, Mazzantini C, Lana D, Davolio PL, Giovannini MG, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE. Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189773. [PMID: 34575932 PMCID: PMC8468213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Over the past 10 years, a number of scientific studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid compounds present in the Cannabis Sativa and Indica plants. However, their role in mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration following cerebral ischemia is yet unclear. (2) Methods: We investigated the effects of Cannabis extracts (Bedrocan, FM2) or selected cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of forebrain global ischemia. Cell death in the CA1 subregion of slices was quantified by propidium iodide fluorescence, and morphological analysis and tissue organization were examined by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. (3) Results: Incubation with the Bedrocan extract or THC exacerbated, whereas incubation with the FM2 extract or cannabidiol attenuated CA1 injury induced by OGD. Δ9-THC toxicity was prevented by CB1 receptor antagonists, the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol was blocked by TRPV2, 5-HT1A, and PPARγ antagonists. Confocal microscopy confirmed that CBD, but not THC, had a significant protective effect toward neuronal damage and tissue disorganization caused by OGD in organotypic hippocampal slices. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that cannabinoids play different roles in the mechanisms of post-ischemic neuronal death. In particular, appropriate concentrations of CBD or CBD/THC ratios may represent a valid therapeutic intervention in the treatment of post-ischemic neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758378
| | - Costanza Mazzantini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
| | | | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
| | - Domenico E. Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.G.); (D.E.P.-G.)
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20
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Meyer E, Bonato JM, Mori MA, Mattos BA, Guimarães FS, Milani H, de Campos AC, de Oliveira RMW. Cannabidiol Confers Neuroprotection in Rats in a Model of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia: Impact of Hippocampal Synaptic Neuroplasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5338-5355. [PMID: 34302281 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for the clinical use of neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of cerebral ischemia (CI) is still greatly limited. Spatial/temporal disorientation and cognitive dysfunction are among the most prominent long-term sequelae of CI. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa that exerts neuroprotective effects against experimental CI. The present study investigated possible neuroprotective mechanisms of action of CBD on spatial memory impairments that are caused by transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in rats. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is a fundamental mechanism of learning and memory. Thus, we also evaluated the impact of CBD on neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus after TGCI. Wistar rats were trained to learn an eight-arm aversive radial maze (AvRM) task and underwent either sham or TGCI surgery. The animals received vehicle or 10 mg/kg CBD (i.p.) 30 min before surgery, 3 h after surgery, and then once daily for 14 days. On days 7 and 14, we performed a retention memory test. Another group of rats that received the same pharmacological treatment was tested in the object location test (OLT). Brains were removed and processed to assess neuronal degeneration, synaptic protein levels, and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus. Cannabidiol treatment attenuated ischemia-induced memory deficits. In rats that were subjected to TGCI, CBD attenuated hippocampal CA1 neurodegeneration and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Additionally, CBD protected neurons against the deleterious effects of TGCI on dendritic spine number and the length of dendritic arborization. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CBD against TGCI-induced memory impairments involve changes in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Mendes Bonato
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Mori
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Andretto Mattos
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, USP, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14015-000, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Alline Cristina de Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, USP, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14015-000, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Maria Weffort de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900, Brazil.
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21
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Aguiar RPD, Newman-Tancredi A, Prickaerts J, Oliveira RMWD. The 5-HT 1A receptor as a serotonergic target for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110210. [PMID: 33333136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia due to stroke or cardiac arrest greatly affects daily functioning and the quality of life of patients and has a high socioeconomic impact due to the surge in their prevalence. Advances in the identification of an effective pharmacotherapy to promote neuroprotection and recovery after a cerebral ischemic insult are, however, limited. The serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor has been implicated in the regulation of several brain functions, including mood, emotions, memory, and neuroplasticity, all of which are deleteriously affected by cerebral ischemia. This review focuses on the specific roles and mechanisms of 5-HT1A receptors in neuroprotection in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. We present experimental evidence that 5-HT1A receptor agonists can prevent neuronal damage and promote functional recovery induced by focal and transient global ischemia in rodents. However, indiscriminate activation of pre-and postsynaptic by non-biased 5-HT1A receptor agonists may be a limiting factor in the anti-ischemic clinical efficacy of these compounds since 5-HT1A receptors in different brain regions can mediate diverging or even contradictory responses. Current insights are presented into the 'biased' 5-HT1A post-synaptic heteroreceptor agonist NLX-101 (also known as F15599), a compound that preferentially and potently stimulates postsynaptic cortical pyramidal neurons without inhibiting firing of serotoninergic neurons, as a potential strategy providing neuroprotection in cerebral ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pazinatto de Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rúbia Maria Weffort de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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22
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Moser U. Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as an oromucosal spray in a 1:1 ratio: a therapeutic option for patients with central post-stroke pain syndrome? BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e243072. [PMID: 34230048 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Central pain after stroke due to brainstem infarction is very rare. Treatment is difficult and specific guidelines are lacking. This is the report of a 61-year-old female patient who, after a posterolateral left medulla oblongata insult with incomplete Wallenberg syndrome, subsequently developed a burning and tingling pain in the contralateral leg and a burning and shooting pain in the ipsilateral face in trigeminal branches 1 and 2. More than 3 years of therapy with amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin and various grade II and III opioids was ineffective or showed intolerable side effects. The administration of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as an oromucosal spray in a 1:1 ratio improved the pain situation and quality of life quickly and permanently. The encouraging results in the present case may suggest that treatment with medical cannabis should be considered in similar cases when standard therapies are insufficient.
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Echeverry C, Prunell G, Narbondo C, de Medina VS, Nadal X, Reyes-Parada M, Scorza C. A Comparative In Vitro Study of the Neuroprotective Effect Induced by Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, and Their Respective Acid Forms: Relevance of the 5-HT 1A Receptors. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:335-348. [PMID: 32886342 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous preclinical studies have demonstrated that cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), two non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa, induce neuroprotective effects on toxic and neurodegenerative processes. However, a comparative study of both compounds has not been reported so far, and the targets involved in this effect remain unknown. The ability of CBD and CBG to attenuate the neurotoxicity induced by two insults involving oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) and mitochondrial dysfunction (rotenone) was evaluated in neural cell cultures. The involvement of CB-1 and CB-2 or 5-HT1A receptors was investigated. The neuroprotective effect of their respective acids forms, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), was also analyzed. MTT and immunocytochemistry assays were used to evaluate cell viability. No significant variation on cell viability was per se induced by the lower concentrations tested of CBD and CBG or CBDA and CBGA; however, high concentrations of CBD, CBDA, or CBGA were toxic since a 40-50% reduction of cell viability was observed. CBD and CBG showed neuroprotective effects against H2O2 or rotenone; however, both compounds were more effective in attenuating the rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. A high concentration of CBDA reduced the rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) but not AM251 and AM630 (CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists, respectively) significantly diminished the neuroprotective effect induced by CBG only against rotenone. Our results contribute to the understanding of the neuroprotective effect of CBD and CBG, showing differences with their acid forms, and also highlight the role of 5-HT1A receptors in the mechanisms of action of CBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Echeverry
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Giselle Prunell
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Narbondo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Xavier Nadal
- EthnoPhytoTech Research & Consulting S.L.U., Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain
| | - Miguel Reyes-Parada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Department of Experimental Neuropharmacology, IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Yokubaitis CG, Jessani HN, Li H, Amodea AK, Ward SJ. Effects of Cannabidiol and Beta-Caryophyllene Alone or in Combination in a Mouse Model of Permanent Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2866. [PMID: 33799861 PMCID: PMC7999270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for stroke, which account for 6.5 million global deaths annually, remain insufficient for treatment of disability and mortality. One targetable hallmark of stroke is the inflammatory response following infarct, which leads to significant damage post-infarct. Cannabinoids and their endogenous targets within the CNS have emerged as potential treatments for neuroinflammatory indications. We and others have previously shown that synthetic agonists of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor reduce infarct size and microglial activation in rodent models of stroke. The non-cannabinoid receptor mediated effects of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) have also shown effectiveness in these models. The present aim was to determine the single and combined effects of the cannabis-derived sesquiterpene and putative CB2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene (BCP) and CBD on permanent ischemia without reperfusion using a mouse model of photothrombosis. Because BCP and CBD likely work through different sites of action but share common mechanisms of action, we sought to determine whether combinations of BCP and CBD were more potent than either compound alone. Therefore we determined the effect of BCP (3-30 mg/kg IP) and CBD (3-30 mg/kg IP), given alone or in combination (30:3, 30:10, and 30:30 BCP:CBD), on infarct size, microglial activation, and motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Jane Ward
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.G.Y.); (H.N.J.); (H.L.); (A.K.A.)
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25
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Mori MA, Meyer E, da Silva FF, Milani H, Guimarães FS, Oliveira RMW. Differential contribution of CB1, CB2, 5-HT1A, and PPAR-γ receptors to cannabidiol effects on ischemia-induced emotional and cognitive impairments. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:1738-1751. [PMID: 33522084 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing body of preclinical studies has shown the multifaceted neuroprotective profile of cannabidiol (CBD) against impairments caused by cerebral ischemia. In this study, we have explored the neuropharmacological mechanisms of CBD action and its impact on functional recovery using a model of transient global cerebral ischemia in mice. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 20 min and received vehicle or CBD (10 mg/Kg) 0.5 hr before and 3, 24, and 48 hr after reperfusion. To investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms of CBD, the animals were injected with CB1 (AM251, 1 mg/kg), CB2 (AM630, 1 mg/kg), 5-HT1A (WAY-100635, 10 mg/kg), or PPAR-γ (GW9662, 3 mg/kg) receptor antagonists 0.5 hr prior to each injection of CBD. The animals were evaluated using a multi-task testing battery that included the open field, elevated zero maze, Y-maze (YM), and forced swim test. CBD prevented anxiety-like behavior, memory impairments, and despair-like behaviors induced by BCCAO in mice. The anxiolytic-like effects of CBD in BCCAO mice were attenuated by CB1 , CB2 , 5-HT1A , and PPAR-γ receptor antagonists. In the YM, both CBD and the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 increased the exploration of the novel arm in ischemic animals, indicating beneficial effects of these treatments in the spatial memory performance. Together, these findings indicate the involvement of CB1 , CB2 , 5-HT1A, and PPAR-γ receptors in the functional recovery induced by CBD in BCCAO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Mori
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Erika Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Francielly F da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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26
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Malinowska B, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kicman A, Schlicker E. Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1986. [PMID: 33671463 PMCID: PMC7922403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which, in turn, may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid from the cannabis plant, as a potential agent for the treatment of COVID-19. CBD has been shown to downregulate proteins responsible for viral entry and to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against diseases of the respiratory system as well as its cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-convulsant properties, that is, effects that may be beneficial for COVID-19. Only the latter two properties have been demonstrated in clinical studies, which also revealed anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of CBD (given alone or together with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), which may be important for an adjuvant treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with COVID-19 and to limit post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, one should be aware of side effects of CBD (which are rarely serious), drug interactions (also extending to drugs acting against COVID-19) and the proper route of its administration (vaping may be dangerous). Clearly, further clinical studies are necessary to prove the suitability of CBD for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Cogan PS. Regarding the Mechanisms of Promiscuous Cannabinoid Pharmacology: An Elephant Has Entered the Room. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:457-461. [PMID: 33998883 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have discovered a broad variety of interesting in vitro activities resulting from cannabinoid exposure. Recent investigations of cannabidiol, however, present a potential explanation for these findings, which relies on the nonspecific effects of colloidal dispersions as opposed to those of specific drug interactions with macromolecular targets. This perspective raises the question of how false-positive assay results arising from such colloidal interference may permeate the field of cannabinoid pharmacology. It further suggests a direction for future research with the intent of identifying true pharmacological interactions that might be more efficiently developed into therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Cogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Regis University School of Pharmacy, Denver, Colorado, USA
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28
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Neuromolecular Mechanisms of Cannabis Action. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1264:15-28. [PMID: 33332001 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most of our current understanding of the neuromolecular mechanisms of Cannabis action focusses on two plant cannabinoids, THC and CBD. THC acts primarily through presynaptic CB cannabinoid receptors to regulate neurotransmitter release in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. CBD action, on the other hand, is probably mediated through multiple molecular targets.
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29
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Dash R, Ali MC, Jahan I, Munni YA, Mitra S, Hannan MA, Timalsina B, Oktaviani DF, Choi HJ, Moon IS. Emerging potential of cannabidiol in reversing proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101209. [PMID: 33181336 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of disease-specific protein aggregates accompanying cognitive decline is a pathological hallmark of age-associated neurological disorders, also termed as proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, disruption in protein homeostasis (proteostasis), a network that constitutes protein surveillance system, plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of these dementia disorders. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, is known for its pleiotropic neuropharmacological effects on the central nervous system, including the ability to abate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. Over the past years, compelling evidence has documented disease-modifying role of CBD in various preclinical and clinical models of neurological disorders, suggesting the potential therapeutic implications of CBD in these disorders. Because of its putative role in the proteostasis network in particular, CBD could be a potent modulator for reversing not only age-associated neurodegeneration but also other protein misfolding disorders. However, the current understanding is insufficient to underpin this proposition. In this review, we discuss the potentiality of CBD as a pharmacological modulator of the proteostasis network, highlighting its neuroprotective and aggregates clearing roles in the neurodegenerative disorders. We anticipate that the current effort will advance our knowledge on the implication of CBD in proteostasis network, opening up a new therapeutic window for aging proteinopathies.
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30
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Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Experimental Models of Neurological Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215186. [PMID: 33171772 PMCID: PMC7664437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid known for its beneficial effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, CBD is a compound with antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and antipsychotic effects. Thanks to all these properties, the interest of the scientific community for it has grown. Indeed, CBD is a great candidate for the management of neurological diseases. The purpose of our review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies published in the last 15 years that describe the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CBD and its therapeutic application in neurological diseases. CBD exerts its neuroprotective effects through three G protein coupled-receptors (adenosine receptor subtype 2A, serotonin receptor subtype 1A and G protein-coupled receptor 55), one ligand-gated ion channel (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1) and one nuclear factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ). Moreover, the therapeutical properties of CBD are also due to GABAergic modulation. In conclusion, CBD, through multi-target mechanisms, represents a valid therapeutic tool for the management of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease.
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31
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Bicker J, Alves G, Fonseca C, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Repairing blood-CNS barriers: Future therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105226. [PMID: 33007420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) drug development faces significant difficulties that translate into high rates of failure and lack of innovation. The pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders often results in the breakdown of blood-CNS barriers, disturbing the CNS microenvironment and worsening disease progression. Therefore, restoring the integrity of blood-CNS barriers may have a beneficial influence in several CNS disorders and improve treatment outcomes. In this review, pathways that may be modulated to protect blood-CNS barriers from neuroinflammatory and oxidative insults are featured. First, the participation of the brain endothelium and glial cells in disruption processes is discussed. Then, the relevance of regulatory systems is analysed, specifically the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the renin-angiotensin system, sleep and circadian rhythms, and glutamate neurotransmission. Lastly, compounds of endogenous and exogenous origin that are known to mediate the repair of blood-CNS barriers are presented. We believe that enhancing the protection of blood-CNS barriers is a promising therapeutic strategy to pursue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bicker
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186740. [PMID: 32937917 PMCID: PMC7554803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating and generally well-tolerated constituent of cannabis which exhibits potential beneficial properties in a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. Due to its complex mechanism of action, CBD may affect the cardiovascular system in different ways. Thus, we reviewed the influence of CBD on this system in health and disease to determine the potential risk of cardiovascular side effects during CBD use for medical and wellness purposes and to elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases. Administration of CBD to healthy volunteers or animals usually does not markedly affect hemodynamic parameters. Although CBD has been found to exhibit vasodilatory and antioxidant properties in hypertension, it has not affected blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Hypotensive action of CBD has been mainly revealed under stress conditions. Many positive effects of CBD have been observed in experimental models of heart diseases (myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis), stroke, neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis-related encephalitis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes, and ischemia/reperfusion injures of liver and kidneys. In these pathological conditions CBD decreased organ damage and dysfunction, oxidative and nitrative stress, inflammatory processes and apoptosis, among others. Nevertheless, further clinical research is needed to recommend the use of CBD in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Chye Y, Kirkham R, Lorenzetti V, McTavish E, Solowij N, Yücel M. Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Brain Morphology: A Review of the Evidence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:627-635. [PMID: 32948510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis and cannabinoid-based products are increasingly being accepted and commodified globally. Yet there is currently limited understanding of the effect of the varied cannabinoid compounds on the brain. Exogenous cannabinoids interact with the endogenous cannabinoid system that underpins vital functions in the brain and body, and they are thought to perturb key brain and cognitive function. However, much neuroimaging research has been confined to observational studies of cannabis users, without examining the specific role of the various cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, etc.). This review summarizes the brain structural imaging evidence to date associated with cannabis use, its major cannabinoids (e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol), and synthetic cannabinoid products that have emerged as recreational drugs. In doing so, we seek to highlight some of the key issues to consider in understanding cannabinoid-related brain effects, emphasizing the dual neurotoxic and neuroprotective role of cannabinoids, and the need to consider the distinct role of the varied cannabinoids in establishing their effect on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Chye
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kirkham
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eugene McTavish
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Richards JR. Mechanisms for the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Arrhythmia Associated With Phytogenic and Synthetic Cannabinoid Use. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:508-522. [PMID: 32588641 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420935743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytogenic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa and synthetic cannabinoids are commonly used substances for their recreational and medicinal properties. There are increasing reports of cardiotoxicity in close temporal association with cannabinoid use in patients with structurally normal hearts and absence of coronary arterial disease. Associated adverse events include myocardial ischemia, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and sudden death. This review details the effects of phytogenic and synthetic cannabinoids on diverse receptors based on evidence from in vitro, human, and animal studies to establish a molecular basis for these deleterious clinical effects. The synergism between endocannabinoid dysregulation, cannabinoid receptor, and noncannabinoid receptor binding, and impact on cellular ion flux and coronary microvascular circulation is delineated. Pharmacogenetic factors placing certain patients at higher risk for cardiotoxicity are also correlated with the diverse effects of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Richards
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 70083University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, CA, USA
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Reddy V, Grogan D, Ahluwalia M, Salles ÉL, Ahluwalia P, Khodadadi H, Alverson K, Nguyen A, Raju SP, Gaur P, Braun M, Vale FL, Costigliola V, Dhandapani K, Baban B, Vaibhav K. Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain pathologies. EPMA J 2020; 11:217-250. [PMID: 32549916 PMCID: PMC7272537 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-inspired medical products are garnering increasing attention from the scientific community, general public, and health policy makers. A plethora of scientific literature demonstrates intricate engagement of the endocannabinoid system with human immunology, psychology, developmental processes, neuronal plasticity, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. Despite the therapeutic potential, the adverse psychoactive effects and historical stigma, cannabinoids have limited widespread clinical application. Therefore, it is plausible to weigh carefully the beneficial effects of cannabinoids against the potential adverse impacts for every individual. This is where the concept of "personalized medicine" as a promising approach for disease prediction and prevention may take into the account. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the endocannabinoid system, including endocannabinoid metabolizing pathways, and will progress to a more in-depth discussion of the therapeutic interventions by endocannabinoids in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Dayton Grogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn Alverson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Srikrishnan P. Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Fernando L. Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | | | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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Chen S, Chen H, Du Q, Shen J. Targeting Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation for Reducing Brain Ischemia Injury: Potential Application of Natural Compounds. Front Physiol 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 32508671 PMCID: PMC7248223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two critical pathological processes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a critical inflammatory enzyme and therapeutic target triggering both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MPO is presented in infiltrated neutrophils, activated microglial cells, neurons, and astrocytes in the ischemic brain. Activation of MPO can catalyze the reaction of chloride and H2O2 to produce HOCl. MPO also mediates oxidative stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), modulating the polarization and inflammation-related signaling pathways in microglia and neutrophils. MPO can be a therapeutic target for attenuating oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Targeting MPO with inhibitors or gene deficiency significantly reduced brain infarction and improved neurological outcomes. This article discusses the important roles of MPO in mediating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize the active compounds from medicinal herbs with potential as MPO inhibitors for anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and as adjunct therapeutic agents for extending the window of thrombolytic treatment. We highlight that targeting MPO could be a promising strategy for alleviating ischemic brain injury, which merits further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Sultan SR, O'Sullivan SE, England TJ. The effects of acute and sustained cannabidiol dosing for seven days on the haemodynamics in healthy men: A randomised controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1125-1138. [PMID: 32128848 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo studies show that cannabidiol (CBD) acutely reduces blood pressure (BP) in men. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of repeated CBD dosing on haemodynamics. METHODS Twenty-six healthy males were given CBD (600 mg) or placebo orally for seven days in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study (n = 13/group). Cardiovascular parameters were assessed at rest and in response to isometric exercise after acute and repeated dosing using Finometer®, Vicorder® and Duplex ultrasound. RESULTS Compared to placebo, CBD significantly reduced resting mean arterial pressure (P = .04, two-way ANOVA, mean difference (MD) -2 mmHg, 95% CI -3.6 to -0.3) after acute dosing, but not after repeated dosing. In response to stress, volunteers who had taken CBD had lower systolic BP after acute (P = .001, two-way ANOVA, MD -6 mmHg, 95% CI -10 to -1) and repeated (P = .02, two-way ANOVA, MD -5.7 mmHg, 95% CI -10 to -1) dosing. Seven days of CBD increased internal carotid artery diameter (MD +0.55 mm, P = .01). Within the CBD group, repeated dosing reduced arterial stiffness by day 7 (pulse wave velocity; MD -0.44 m/s, P = .05) and improved endothelial function (flow mediation dilatation, MD +3.5%, P = .02, n = 6 per group), compared to day 1. CONCLUSION CBD reduces BP at rest after a single dose but the effect is lost after seven days of treatment (tolerance); however, BP reduction during stress persists. The reduction in arterial stiffness and improvements in endothelial function after repeated CBD dosing are findings that warrant further investigation in populations with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahaden R Sultan
- Vascular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.,Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- Vascular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Timothy J England
- Vascular Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
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Rocha L, Frías‐Soria CL, Ortiz JG, Auzmendi J, Lazarowski A. Is cannabidiol a drug acting on unconventional targets to control drug-resistant epilepsy? Epilepsia Open 2020; 5:36-49. [PMID: 32140642 PMCID: PMC7049809 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been considered as a therapeutic strategy to control intractable epilepsy. Several cannabis components, especially cannabidiol (CBD), induce antiseizure effects. However, additional information is necessary to identify the types of epilepsies that can be controlled by these components and the mechanisms involved in these effects. This review presents a summary of the discussion carried out during the 2nd Latin American Workshop on Neurobiology of Epilepsy entitled "Cannabinoid and epilepsy: myths and realities." This event was carried out during the 10th Latin American Epilepsy Congress in San José de Costa Rica (September 28, 2018). The review focuses to discuss the use of CBD as a new therapeutic strategy to control drug-resistant epilepsy. It also indicates the necessity to consider the evaluation of unconventional targets such as P-glycoprotein, to explain the effects of CBD in drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de FarmacobiologíaCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosMéxico CityMéxico
| | | | - José G. Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Jerónimo Auzmendi
- Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaInstituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC)Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaInstituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC)Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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Abstract
ABSTRACT:Cannabidiol (CBD) has been generating increasing interest in medicine due to its therapeutic properties and an apparent lack of negative side effects. Research has suggested that high dosages of CBD can be taken acutely and chronically with little to no risk. This review focuses on the neuroprotective effects of a CBD, with an emphasis on its implications for recovering from a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion. CBD has been shown to influence the endocannabinoid system, both by affecting cannabinoid receptors and other receptors involved in the endocannabinoid system such as vanilloid receptor 1, adenosine receptors, and 5-hydroxytryptamine via cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanisms. Concussions can result in many physiological consequences, potentially resulting in post-concussion syndrome. While impairments in cerebrovascular and cardiovascular physiology following concussion have been shown, there is unfortunately still no single treatment available to enhance recovery. CBD has been shown to influence the blood brain barrier, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, cognitive capacity, the cerebrovasculature, cardiovascular physiology, and neurogenesis, all of which have been shown to be altered by concussion. CBD can therefore potentially provide treatment to enhance neuroprotection by reducing inflammation, regulating cerebral blood flow, enhancing neurogenesis, and protecting the brain against reactive oxygen species. Double-blind randomized controlled trials are still required to validate the use of CBD as medication following mild TBIs, such as concussion.
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Cardinal von Widdern J, Hohmann T, Dehghani F. Abnormal Cannabidiol Affects Production of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Astrocyte Wound Closure in Primary Astrocytic-Microglial Cocultures. Molecules 2020; 25:E496. [PMID: 31979350 PMCID: PMC7037200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cannabidiol (abn-CBD) exerts neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the impact of abn-CBD on the glial production of proinflammatory mediators and scar formation within in vitro models. Primary astrocytic-microglial cocultures and astrocytic cultures from neonatal C57BL/6 mice and CB2 receptor knockout mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitrite were determined. Furthermore, we performed a live cell microscopy-based scratch-wound assay. After LPS stimulation, TNFα, IL-6 and nitrite production was more strongly increased in cocultures than in isolated astrocytes. Abn-CBD treatment attenuated the LPS-induced production of TNFα and nitrite in cocultures, while IL-6 production remained unaltered. In isolated astrocytes, only LPS-induced TNFα production was reduced by abn-CBD. Similar effects were observed after abn-CBD application in cocultures of CB2 knockout mice. Interestingly, LPS-induced TNFα and nitrite levels were far lower in CB2 knockout cultures compared to wildtypes, while IL-6 levels did not differ. In the scratch-wound assay, treatment with abn-CBD decelerated wound closure when microglial cells were present. Our data shows a differential role of abn-CBD for modulation of glial inflammation and astrocytic scar formation. These findings provide new explanations for mechanisms behind the neuroprotective potential of abn-CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany; (J.C.v.W.); (T.H.)
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Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 16:9-29. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Research in the cannabinoid field, namely on phytocannabinoids, the endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and their metabolizing and synthetic enzymes, the cannabinoid receptors, and anandamide-like cannabinoid compounds, has expanded tremendously over the last few years. Numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been discovered. The Cannabis plant constituent cannabidiol (CBD) was found to exert beneficial effects in many preclinical disease models ranging from epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative and kidney diseases and cancer. CBD was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of rare forms of childhood epilepsy. This has triggered the development of many CBD-based products for human use, often with overstated claims regarding their therapeutic effects. In this article, the recently published research on the chemistry and biological effects of plant cannabinoids (specifically CBD), endocannabinoids, certain long-chain fatty acid amides, and the variety of relevant receptors is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA;
| | - Natalya M Kogan
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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Distinct inflammatory profiles in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy using cannabis, cocaine or cannabis plus cocaine. AIDS 2019; 33:1831-1842. [PMID: 31490211 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of cannabis and/or cocaine use on inflammatory, oxidative stress status and circulating monocyte subsets in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN Soluble CD14 (sCD14), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP) and oxidative stress markers were examined. The monocyte subsets and their activation and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1 infected individuals upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation were also investigated. METHODS sCD14, IFABP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were evaluated using ELISA, CRP by turbidimetry; lipid peroxidation (TBARS) spectrofluometrically and total thiol levels by using 5-5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) reagent. Monocyte subsets and activation were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS All HIV-infected drug user groups showed higher sCD14 levels compared with HIV+ nondrug users. IFABP was increased in HIV+ drug-users in relation to healthy individuals. Cannabis use lowered the percentages of inflammatory, nonclassical, activated-classic and activated-inflammatory monocytes. Cocaine users showed increased plasmatic TNF-α and TBARS levels, decreased thiols content and lower activated-classic and inflammatory-monocyte percentages. Cannabis-plus-cocaine use increased CRP, IL-8 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio, but decreased thiol content, and inflammatory and activated-classic monocyte percentages. PBMCs of cannabis and cannabis-plus-cocaine users showed low-potential cytokine production either spontaneously or under LPS-stimulation. CONCLUSION In HIV infection, the use of cannabis induces predominantly an anti-inflammatory profile. The use of cocaine and cannabis-plus-cocaine showed a mixed pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profile, with predominance of inflammatory status. Further studies are required to better understand the action of these drugs in HIV infection.
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Zamberletti E, Gabaglio M, Woolley-Roberts M, Bingham S, Rubino T, Parolaro D. Cannabidivarin Treatment Ameliorates Autism-Like Behaviors and Restores Hippocampal Endocannabinoid System and Glia Alterations Induced by Prenatal Valproic Acid Exposure in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:367. [PMID: 31447649 PMCID: PMC6696797 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition whose primary features include social communication and interaction impairments with restricted or repetitive motor movements. No approved treatment for the core symptoms is available and considerable research efforts aim at identifying effective therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that altered endocannabinoid signaling and immune dysfunction might contribute to ASD pathogenesis. In this scenario, phytocannabinoids could hold great pharmacological potential due to their combined capacities to act either directly or indirectly on components of the endocannabinoid system and to modulate immune functions. Among all plant-cannabinoids, the phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin (CBDV) was recently shown to reduce motor impairments and cognitive deficits in animal models of Rett syndrome, a condition showing some degree of overlap with autism, raising the possibility that CBDV might have therapeutic potential in ASD. Here, we investigated the ability of CBDV treatment to reverse or prevent ASD-like behaviors in male rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA; 500 mg/kg i.p.; gestation day 12.5). The offspring received CBDV according to two different protocols: symptomatic (0.2/2/20/100 mg/kg i.p.; postnatal days 34–58) and preventative (2/20 mg/kg i.p.; postnatal days 19–32). The major efficacy of CBDV was observed at the dose of 20 mg/kg for both treatment schedules. CBDV in symptomatic rats recovered social impairments, social novelty preference, short-term memory deficits, repetitive behaviors and hyperlocomotion whereas preventative treatment reduced sociability and social novelty deficits, short-term memory impairments and hyperlocomotion, without affecting stereotypies. As dysregulations in the endocannabinoid system and neuroinflammatory markers contribute to the development of some ASD phenotypes in the VPA model, neurochemical studies were performed after symptomatic treatment to investigate possible CBDV’s effects on the endocannabinoid system, inflammatory markers and microglia activation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Prenatal VPA exposure increased CB1 receptor, FAAH and MAGL levels, enhanced GFAP, CD11b, and TNFα levels and triggered microglia activation restricted to the hippocampus. All these alterations were restored after CBDV treatment. These data provide preclinical evidence in support of the ability of CBDV to ameliorate behavioral abnormalities resembling core and associated symptoms of ASD. At the neurochemical level, symptomatic CBDV restores hippocampal endocannabinoid signaling and neuroinflammation induced by prenatal VPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Gabaglio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Parolaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Zardi-Gori Foundation, Milan, Italy
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Choi
- From the Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-H.C., Y.M., A.C.S.).,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (S.-H.C., Y.M., A.C.S.)
| | - Yongshan Mou
- From the Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-H.C., Y.M., A.C.S.).,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (S.-H.C., Y.M., A.C.S.)
| | - Afonso C Silva
- From the Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-H.C., Y.M., A.C.S.).,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (S.-H.C., Y.M., A.C.S.)
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Baron EP. Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science. Headache 2019; 58:1139-1186. [PMID: 30152161 DOI: 10.1111/head.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain. OBJECTIVE Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Baron
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Restoration - Headache and Chronic Pain Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Franco R, Villa M, Morales P, Reyes-Resina I, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez A, Jiménez J, Jagerovic N, Martínez-Orgado J, Navarro G. Increased expression of cannabinoid CB 2 and serotonin 5-HT 1A heteroreceptor complexes in a model of newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neuropharmacology 2019; 152:58-66. [PMID: 30738036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical work shows cannabidiol as a promising drug to manage neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (NHIBD). The molecular mechanism is not well defined but the beneficial effects of this phytocannabinoid are blocked by antagonists of both cannabinoid CB2 (CB2R) and serotonin 5-HT1A (5-HT1AR) receptors that, in addition, may form heteromers in a heterologous expression system. Using bioluminescence energy transfer, we have shown a direct interaction of the two receptors that leads to a particular signaling in a heterologous system. A property attributed to the heteromer, namely cross-antagonism, was found in primary cultures of neurons thus indicating the occurrence of the receptor heteromer in the CNS. Oxygen-glucose deprivation to neurons led to an increase of CB2R-mediated signaling and an upregulation of CB2-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex expression. In situ proximity ligation assays in brain cortical sections were performed to compare the expression of CB2-5-HT1A complexes in rat E20 fetuses and at different postnatal days. The expression, which is elevated in fetus and shortly after birth, was sharply reduced at later ages (even at P7). The expression of heteromer receptors was more marked in a model of NHIBD and, remarkably, the drop in expression was significantly delayed with respect to controls. These results indicate that CB2-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex may be considered as a target in the therapy of the NHIBD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Receptor heteromers and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Villa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jasmina Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology. Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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48
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Zhou J, Noori H, Burkovskiy I, Lafreniere JD, Kelly MEM, Lehmann C. Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System Following Central Nervous System Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E388. [PMID: 30658442 PMCID: PMC6359397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as stroke or trauma, is known to increase susceptibility to various infections that adversely affect patient outcomes (CNS injury-induced immunodepression-CIDS). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been shown to have immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, the ECS might represent a druggable target to overcome CIDS. Evidence suggests that cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB₂R) activation can be protective during the early pro-inflammatory phase after CNS injury, as it limits neuro-inflammation and, therefore, attenuates CIDS severity. In the later phase post CNS injury, CB₂R inhibition is suggested as a promising pharmacologic strategy to restore immune function in order to prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Haneen Noori
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Ian Burkovskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - J Daniel Lafreniere
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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49
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Abstract
Cannabinoids influence cardiovascular variables in health and disease via multiple mechanisms. The chapter covers the impact of cannabinoids on cardiovascular function in physiology and pathology and presents a critical analysis of the proposed signalling pathways governing regulation of cardiovascular function by endogenously produced and exogenous cannabinoids. We know that endocannabinoid system is overactivated under pathological conditions and plays both a protective compensatory role, such as in some forms of hypertension, atherosclerosis and other inflammatory conditions, and a pathophysiological role, such as in disease states associated with excessive hypotension. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms affecting hemodynamics and vasomotor effects of cannabinoids in health and disease states, highlighting mismatches between some studies. The chapter will first review the effects of marijuana smoking on cardiovascular system and then describe the impact of exogenous cannabinoids on cardiovascular parameters in humans and experimental animals. This will be followed by analysis of the impact of cannabinoids on reactivity of isolated vessels. The article critically reviews current knowledge on cannabinoid induction of vascular relaxation by cannabinoid receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms and dysregulation of vascular endocannabinoid signaling in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Bondarenko
- Circulatory Physiology Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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50
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Effects of Cannabidiol on Diabetes Outcomes and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Comorbidities in Middle-Aged Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:463-474. [PMID: 30430393 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and aging are risk factors for cognitive impairments after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant. It has beneficial effects on both cerebral ischemic diseases and diabetes. We have recently reported that diabetes interacted synergistically with aging to increase neuroinflammation and memory deficits in rats subjected to CCH. The present study investigated whether CBD would alleviate cognitive decline and affect markers of inflammation and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus in middle-aged diabetic rats submitted to CCH. Diabetes was induced in middle-aged rats (14 months old) by intravenous streptozotocin (SZT) administration. Thirty days later, the diabetic animals were subjected to sham or CCH surgeries and treated with CBD (10 mg/kg, once a day) during 30 days. Diabetes exacerbated cognitive deficits induced by CCH in middle-aged rats. Repeated CBD treatment decreased body weight in both sham- and CCH-operated animals. Cannabidiol improved memory performance and reduced hippocampal levels of inflammation markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and arginase 1). Cannabidiol attenuated the decrease in hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor induced by CCH in diabetic animals, but it did not affect the levels of neuroplasticity markers (growth-associated protein-43 and synaptophysin) in middle-aged diabetic rats. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CBD in middle-aged diabetic rats subjected to CCH are related to a reduction in neuroinflammation. However, they seemed to occur independently of hippocampal neuroplasticity changes.
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