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Du S, Chen J, Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Yu B, Appel LJ, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Protein Biomarkers of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and All-Cause Mortality. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)01016-2. [PMID: 39299474 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to understand the underlying biological mechanisms through which ultra-processed foods negatively affect health. Proteomics offers a valuable tool with which to examine different aspects of ultra-processed foods and their impact on health. OBJECTIVE To identify protein biomarkers of usual ultra-processed food consumption, and assess their relation to incidence of coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality risk. METHODS A total of 9,361 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) visit 3 (1993-1995) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 66-item food frequency questionnaire and the processing levels were categorized based on Nova classification. Plasma proteins were detected using an aptamer-based proteomic assay. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between ultra-processed food and proteins, and Cox proportional hazard models to identify associations between ultra-processed food-related proteins and health outcomes. Models extensively controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical factors. RESULTS Identified were eight proteins (6 positive, 2 negative) significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption. Over a median follow-up of 22 years, there were 1,276, 3,084, and 5,127 cases of coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and death, respectively. Three, five, and three ultra-processed food-related proteins were associated with each outcome, respectively. One protein (β-glucuronidase) was significantly associated with higher risk of all three outcomes, and three proteins (receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase U, C-C motif chemokine 25, and twisted gastrulation protein homolog 1) were associated with higher risk of two outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We identified a panel of protein biomarkers that were significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption. These proteins may be considered potential biomarkers for ultra-processed food intake and elucidate the biological processes through which ultra-processed foods impact health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Arévalo-Martinez M, Ede J, van der Have O, Ritsvall O, Zetterberg FR, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Holmberg J, Albinsson S. Myocardin related transcription factor and galectin-3 drive lipid accumulation in human blood vessels. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107383. [PMID: 38830455 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes and hypertension are important risk factors for vascular disease, including atherosclerosis. A driving factor in this process is lipid accumulation in smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall. The glucose- and mechano-sensitive transcriptional coactivator, myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A/MKL1) can promote lipid accumulation in cultured human smooth muscle cells and contribute to the formation of smooth muscle-derived foam cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if intact human blood vessels ex vivo can be used to evaluate lipid accumulation in the vascular wall, and if this process is dependent on MRTF and/or galectin-3/LGALS3. Galectin-3 is an early marker of smooth muscle transdifferentiation and a potential mediator for foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Human mammary arteries and saphenous veins were exposed to altered cholesterol and glucose levels in an organ culture model. Accumulation of lipids, quantified by Oil Red O, was increased by cholesterol loading and elevated glucose concentrations. Pharmacological inhibition of MRTF with CCG-203971 decreased lipid accumulation, whereas adenoviral-mediated overexpression of MRTF-A had the opposite effect. Cholesterol-induced expression of galectin-3 was decreased after inhibition of MRTF. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 with GB1107 reduced lipid accumulation in the vascular wall after cholesterol loading. CONCLUSION Ex vivo organ culture of human arteries and veins can be used to evaluate lipid accumulation in the intact vascular wall, as well as adenoviral transduction and pharmacological inhibition. Although MRTF and galectin-3 may have beneficial, anti-inflammatory effects under certain circumstances, our results, which demonstrate a significant decrease in lipid accumulation, support further evaluation of MRTF- and galectin-3-inhibitors for therapeutic intervention against atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycarmen Arévalo-Martinez
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Ede
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar van der Have
- Vessel Wall Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivia Ritsvall
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik R Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Molecular Vascular Physiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Hu HL, Wang YY, Jing DT, Zhu F. Galectin-3 as a Novel Biomarker of Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2024; 75:598-599. [PMID: 37459383 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231190513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, PR China
| | - Da-Tan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, PR China
| | - Fu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, PR China
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4
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Nussdorf A, Park E, Amigues I, Geraldino-Pardilla L, Bokhari S, Giles JT, Bathon JM. Associations of galectin-3 levels with measures of vascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 65:152357. [PMID: 38244444 PMCID: PMC11238268 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin and is a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. It may also play a role in joint inflammation. We asked whether serum galectin-3 is a useful marker of subclinical vascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RA patients without clinical CVD underwent assessment of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, aortic inflammation (using 18Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission-computed tomography [FDG PET/CT]), and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). Aorta FDG uptake was measured as standardized uptake values (SUV). Generalized linear models were constructed to explore the associations of galectin-3 levels with CAC score, aortic SUV, and MFR. RESULTS A total of 124 RA patients (mean age 57; 82 % women, 45 % Hispanic; median RA duration 6.8 years; 75 % seropositive; median CDAI 16; 33 % on prednisone; 89 % on DMARDs; median CAC score 0; median aorta SUV 2.59; mean MFR 2.86; median galectin-3 level 8.54 ng/mL) were analyzed. In univariable analysis, higher galectin-3 levels were associated with higher aortic SUV (p = 0.007) but CAC score and MFR were not. In multivariable analysis, higher galectin-3 level remained significantly associated with higher aortic SUV (ß Coefficient=0.1786, p value=0.002). CONCLUSION In our cohort of RA patients without clinical CVD, higher serum galectin-3 levels were independently associated with higher levels of aortic inflammation, but not CAC score or MFR. This suggests that galectin-3 may be a biomarker for an inflammatory and potentially reversible stage, but not a later (calcified) stage, of atherosclerosis in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nussdorf
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Isabelle Amigues
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura Geraldino-Pardilla
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabahat Bokhari
- Division of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Heart and Vascular Institute, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joan M Bathon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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6
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Ahmad S, Kumar R. An update of new/potential cardiovascular markers: a narrative review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:179. [PMID: 38252393 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular and their associated disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, in developed and developing countries, and its prevalence has increased over the past few decades, due to changes in the lifestyle of people. Biomarkers are important tools for diagnosing, analyzing, and providing evidence of pathological conditions of CVD and their associated diseases. METHODS This study reviews historical cardiovascular biomarkers used to diagnose various diseases, their uses, and limitations, as well as the importance of new and emerging biomarkers. CONCLUSION sST2, GDF-15, CD-40, IL-6, and Micro-RNA. Initial studies of the future of cardiac biomarkers are promising, but more research is needed to demonstrate that they are more effective biomarkers of risk factors for CVD development. They also lack the analytical foundation needed for adoption in the medical industry. It is also necessary to determine whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharique Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Raushan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India.
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7
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Kim JH, Noh HM, Song HJ, Lee S, Kim SG, Kim JK. Mediating effect of vascular calcification in galectin-3-related mortality in hemodialysis patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:939. [PMID: 38195853 PMCID: PMC10776847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 levels have been studied as a potential biomarker for predicting cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recently, a close relationship between galectin-3 and vascular calcification (VC) has been reported. Here, we investigated the role of VC as a mediating factor in the association between galectin-3 and mortality. Serum galectin-3 and baseline aortic arch calcification (AoAC) score were measured in 477 incident HD patients. Mortality data were obtained at a median follow-up of 40 months. Causal mediation analysis was performed to examine the effect of vascular risk factors on galectin-3-related mortality. The prevalence of AoAC in HD patients was 57% (n = 272), and elevated galectin-3 levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of AoAC. When the galectin-3 level was divided by the median level of 37 ng/mL, a higher galectin group increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 1.71-fold (95% CI 1.02-2.92, p = 0.048), even after adjustment for multiple CV risk factors. Mediation analysis showed that both the direct effect of the galectin-3 on mortality (β = 0.0368, bootstrapped 95% CI [0.0113-0.0622]) and the indirect effects were significant. AoAC score and high-sensitivity CRP levels significantly mediated the association between galectin-3 and mortality (total indirect effects: β = 0.0188, bootstrapped 95% CI [0.0066-0.0352]). This study suggests that the association between high galectin-3 and mortality may be partially mediated by higher VC and inflammatory state in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungan-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 431-070, Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sion Lee
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungan-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 431-070, Korea
| | - Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungan-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 431-070, Korea.
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Cepoi MR, Duca ST, Chetran A, Costache AD, Spiridon MR, Afrăsânie I, Leancă SA, Dmour BA, Matei IT, Miftode RS, Miftode L, Prepeliuc CS, Haba MȘC, Bădescu MC, Costache II. Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Ischemic Heart Disease: To What Extent Do Biomarkers Help? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:34. [PMID: 38255650 PMCID: PMC10817293 DOI: 10.3390/life14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease represents a complex and multifaceted pathology characterized by the presence of structural or functional renal anomalies associated with a persistent reduction in renal function. As the disease progresses, complications arise due to the chronic inflammatory syndrome, hydro-electrolytic disorders, and toxicity secondary to the uremic environment. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death for these patients. Ischemic cardiac pathology can be both a consequence and complication of chronic kidney disease, highlighting the need to identify specific cardiorenal dysfunction biomarkers targeting pathophysiological mechanisms common to both conditions. This identification is crucial for establishing accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and risk stratifications for patients. This work is intended to elucidate the intricate relationship between chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease and to investigate the roles of cardiorenal biomarkers, including cardiac troponin, natriuretic peptides, galectin-3, copeptin, fibroblast growth factor 23 and its co-receptor Klotho, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and plasma growth differentiation factor 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ruxandra Cepoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Stefania Teodora Duca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Adriana Chetran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iași, Romania
| | - Marilena Renata Spiridon
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Irina Afrăsânie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Sabina Andreea Leancă
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Bianca-Ana Dmour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Iulian Theodor Matei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Radu Stefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Larisa Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.M.); (C.S.P.)
- “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian Sorin Prepeliuc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.M.); (C.S.P.)
- “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iași, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
| | - Minerva Codruța Bădescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (M.-R.C.); (S.T.D.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (S.A.L.); (B.-A.D.); (I.T.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (M.C.B.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania;
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Lima T, Perpétuo L, Henrique R, Fardilha M, Leite-Moreira A, Bastos J, Vitorino R. Galectin-3 in prostate cancer and heart diseases: a biomarker for these two frightening pathologies? Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2763-2778. [PMID: 36583779 PMCID: PMC10011345 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) belongs to galectin protein family, a type of β-galactose-binding lectin having more than one evolutionarily conserved domain of carbohydrate recognition. Gal-3 is mainly located in the cytoplasm, but it also enters the nucleus and is secreted into the extracellular environment and biological fluids such as urine, saliva, and serum. It plays an important role in many biological functions, such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell differentiation, cell growth, fibrosis, inflammation, host defense, cellular modification, splicing of pre-mRNA, and transformation. Many previous studies have shown that Gal-3 can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for heart ailments, kidney diseases, and other major illnesses including cancer. Moreover, it may also play a major role in risk stratification in different diseases, and in this review, we have summarized the potential roles and application of Gal-3 as diagnostic, prognostic, and risk stratifying biomarker from previously reported studies in heart diseases and cancer, with special emphasis on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Lima
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Perpétuo
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, UnIC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050‑313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, UnIC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Bastos
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, UnIC, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Aslanis V, Slack RJ, MacKinnon AC, McClinton C, Tantawi S, Gravelle L, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Brooks A, Khindri SK, Marshall RP, Pedersen A, Schambye H, Zetterberg F. Safety and pharmacokinetics of GB1211, an oral galectin-3 inhibitor: a single- and multiple-dose first-in-human study in healthy participants. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:267-280. [PMID: 36914828 PMCID: PMC10010643 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a key role in several cellular pathways involved in chronic inflammation, heart disease and cancer. GB1211 is an orally bioavailable galectin-3 inhibitor, developed to be systemically active. We report safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of GB1211 in healthy participants. METHODS This phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study (NCT03809052) included a single ascending-dose phase (with a food-effect cohort) where participants across seven sequential cohorts were randomized 3:1 to receive oral GB1211 (5, 20, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg) or placebo. In the multiple ascending-dose phase, participants received 50 or 100 mg GB1211 or placebo twice daily for 10 days. All doses were administered in the fasted state except in the food-effect cohort where doses were given 30 min after a high-fat meal. RESULTS All 78 participants received at least one GB1211 dose (n = 58) or placebo (n = 20) and completed the study. No safety concerns were identified. Following single and multiple oral doses under fasted conditions, maximum GB1211 plasma concentrations were reached at 1.75-4 h (median) post-dose; mean half-life was 11-16 h. There was a ~ twofold GB1211 accumulation in plasma with multiple dosing, with steady-state reached within 3 days; 30% of the administered dose was excreted in urine as unchanged drug. Absorption in the fed state was delayed by 2 h but systemic exposure was unaffected. CONCLUSION GB1211 was well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, and displayed favorable PK, indicating a potential to treat multiple disease types. These findings support further clinical development of GB1211. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03809052).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Pang ZD, Sun X, Bai RY, Han MZ, Zhang YJ, Wu W, Zhang Y, Lai BC, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Du XJ, Deng XL. YAP-galectin-3 signaling mediates endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:38. [PMID: 36629913 PMCID: PMC11072047 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an early event of hypertension. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is known to participate in various pathological processes. Whilst previous studies showed that inhibition of Gal-3 effectively ameliorates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced atherosclerosis or hypertension, it remains unclear whether Ang II regulates Gal-3 expression and actions in vascular endothelium. METHODS Using techniques of molecular biology and myograph, we investigated Ang II-mediated changes in Gal-3 expression and activity in thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries from wild-type and Gal-3 gene deleted (Gal-3-/-) mice and cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS The serum level of Gal-3 was significantly higher in hypertensive patients or in mice with chronic Ang II-infusion. Ang II infusion to wild-type mice enhanced Gal-3 expression in the aortic and mesenteric arteries, elevated systolic blood pressure and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries, changes that were abolished in Gal-3-/- mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Ang II significantly upregulated Gal-3 expression by promoting nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its interaction with transcription factor Tead1 with enhanced YAP/Tead1 binding to Gal-3 gene promoter region. Furthermore, Gal-3 deletion augmented the bioavailability of nitric oxide, suppressed oxidative stress, and alleviated inflammation in the thoracic aorta of Ang II-infused mice or endothelial cells exposed to Ang II. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that Ang II upregulates Gal-3 expression via increment in YAP nuclear localization in vascular endothelium, and that Gal-3 mediates endothelial dysfunction contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Da Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ru-Yue Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Zhuan Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Chang Lai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Teng F, Yuan Y, Li K, Zhang P, Wei X, Liu D, Zhang H. Circulating galectin-3 levels are inversely associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease in obese adults. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:671-679. [PMID: 36624336 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-022-02222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 is a new cytokine that is mainly secreted by activated macrophages. It is involved in apoptosis, inflammation and may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is little information about the association between circulating galectin-3 and subclinical atherosclerosis in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured serum galectin-3 in 483 obese adult subjects (aged 40 years and over) who had the measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) recruited from the community. Adults with lower levels of circulating galectin-3 had increased CIMT (p < 0.05). In multivariable linear regression analyses, circulating galectin-3 was independently associated with CIMT. The risks of increased CIMT were significantly decreased by 65.1% (OR (95% CI): 0.349 (0.165-0.739)), adjusting for possible confounding factors. Notably, individuals in the lowest quartile of serum galectin-3 were 1.80 times (p < 0.05) more likely to have increased CIMT than those in the highest quartile in multivariable logistic regression analyses; however, such associations with circulating galectin-3 were not noted for carotid plague. CONCLUSIONS These findings propose that circulating galectin-3 concentrations are inversely associated with increased CIMT in obese adults, which may be a potential biomarker of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of General Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangli Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Deying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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13
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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14
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Serum biomarkers, including nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), for prognosis of cardiovascular death and acute myocardial infarction in an ESSE-RF case-control cohort with 6.5-year follow up. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18177. [PMID: 36307429 PMCID: PMC9616821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case-control study aimed to assess associations of routine and experimental biomarkers with risk for cardiovascular death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a cohort recruited from the multicenter study "Cardiovascular Epidemiology in Russian Federation" (ESSE-RF) to identify experimental biomarkers potentially suitable for expanded evaluation. A total of 222 subjects included cardiovascular death (N = 48) and AMI cases (N = 63) during 6.5-year follow up and matched healthy controls. Seven routine and eight experimental biomarkers were assayed to analyze associations with outcomes using logistic and Cox proportional hazard regressions. Elevated levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were independently associated (P < 0.001) with higher risk of cardiovascular death (estimated hazard ratio (eHR) = 1.83-3.74). Elevated levels of NOx and cTnI were independently (P < 0.001) associated with higher risk of nonfatal AMI (eHRs = 1.78-2.67). Elevated levels of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) were independently associated (P < 0.001) with lower risk of cardiovascular death (eHRs 0.09-0.16) and higher risk of nonfatal AMI (eHR = 2.07; P = 0.01). These results indicated that subsequent expanded validation should focus on predictive impact of cTnI, NOx, CRP, and ANGPTL3 to develop nationwide recommendations for individual stratification of patients with cardiovascular risks.
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15
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Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Balan V, Raz A. Chimeric galectin-3 and collagens: Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in fibroproliferative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102622. [PMID: 36272642 PMCID: PMC9706532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, stiffening and scarring of an organ/tissue due to genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, infection, and/or injury, is responsible for > 40% of all deaths in the industrialized world, and to date, there is no cure for it despite extensive research and numerous clinical trials. Several biomarkers have been identified, but no effective therapeutic targets are available. Human galectin-3 is a chimeric gene product formed by the fusion of the internal domain of the collagen alpha gene [N-terminal domain (ND)] at the 5'-end of galectin-1 [C-terminal domain (CRD)] that appeared during evolution together with vertebrates. Due to the overlapping structural similarities between collagen and galectin-3 and their shared susceptibility to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases to generate circulating collagen-like peptides, this review will discuss present knowledge on the role of collagen and galectin-3 as biomarkers of fibrosis. We will also highlight the need for transformative approaches targeting both the ND and CRD domains of galectin-3, since glycoconjugate binding by the CRD is triggered by ND-mediated oligomerization and the therapies targeted only at the CRD have so far achieved limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
| | - Victor Hogan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Guardant Health, Bioinformatics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
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16
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Chen Y, Fu W, Zheng Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Qi Z, Wu M, Fan Z, Yin K, Chen Y, Gao W, Ding Z, Dong J, Li Q, Zhang S, Hu L. Galectin 3 enhances platelet aggregation and thrombosis via Dectin-1 activation: a translational study. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3556-3574. [PMID: 35165707 PMCID: PMC9989600 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is abnormally increased in cardiovascular disease. Plasma Galectin-3 receives a Class II recommendation for heart failure management and has been extensively studied for multiple cellular functions. The direct effects of Galectin-3 on platelet activation remain unclear. This study explores the direct effects of Galectin-3 on platelet activation and thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS A strong positive correlation between plasma Galectin-3 concentration and platelet aggregation or whole blood thrombus formation was observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Multiple platelet function studies demonstrated that Galectin-3 directly potentiated platelet activation and in vivo thrombosis. Mechanistic studies using the Dectin-1 inhibitor, laminarin, and Dectin-1-/- mice revealed that Galectin-3 bound to and activated Dectin-1, a receptor not previously reported in platelets, to phosphorylate spleen tyrosine kinase and thus increased Ca2+ influx, protein kinase C activation, and reactive oxygen species production to regulate platelet hyperreactivity. TD139, a Galectin-3 inhibitor in a Phase II clinical trial, concentration dependently suppressed Galectin-3-potentiated platelet activation and inhibited occlusive thrombosis without exacerbating haemorrhage in ApoE-/- mice, which spontaneously developed increased plasma Galectin-3 levels. TD139 also suppressed microvascular thrombosis to protect the heart from myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 is a novel positive regulator of platelet hyperreactivity and thrombus formation in CAD. As TD139 has potent antithrombotic effects without bleeding risk, Galectin-3 inhibitors may have therapeutic advantages as potential antiplatelet drugs for patients with high plasma Galectin-3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanrong Fu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Zheng
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kanhua Yin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Radovani B, Gudelj I. N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893365. [PMID: 35833138 PMCID: PMC9272703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main feature of many long-term inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. There is a growing number of studies in which alterations of N-glycosylation have been observed in many pathophysiological conditions, yet studies of the underlying mechanisms that precede N-glycome changes are still sparse. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to alter the substrate synthesis pathways as well as the expression of glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. The resulting N-glycosylation changes can further contribute to disease pathogenesis through modulation of various aspects of immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. This review summarizes our current knowledge of inflammation-induced N-glycosylation changes, with a particular focus on specific subsets of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity and how these changes affect their effector functions, cell interactions, and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Tian L, Ding F, Zhang R. Predictive Value of Galectin-3 and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity for Coronary Artery Calcification in Coronary Arteriography Patients. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:1865736. [PMID: 35685493 PMCID: PMC9159218 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1865736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the predictive value for coronary artery calcification (CAC) of plasma galectin-3 and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) in coronary arteriography (CAG) patients. METHODS Patients who received coronary arteriography (CAG) examination were recruited. The level of plasma galectin-3 was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The arterial stiffness was analyzed by BaPWV and ankle-brachial index (ABI) which were measured using a volume-plethysmographic device. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the prognostic value of galectin-3 or BaPWV for coronary artery calcification (CAC). RESULTS The level of galectin-3 and BaPWV was significantly higher in CAC patients compared with that in control (p < 0.01). The level of plasma galectin-3 was positively correlated with BaPWV (r = -0.296, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with ABI (r = -0.296, p < 0.01). ROC curve analysis revealed that galectin-3 ≥5.90 ng/ml was the most powerful predictor for CAC with sensitivity of 85.5% and specificity of 83.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.916. When the level of BaPWV was more than 1909 m/s, the sensitivity and specificity were 61.8% and 69.6%, respectively, for predicting CAC. The AUC was 0.646. CONCLUSIONS The level of plasma galectin-3 increases significantly in CAC patients compared to control, and its level is related to BaPWV and ABI. Galectin-3 and BaPWV can be used to predict CAC, and the diagnosis value (sensitivity and specificity) of galectin-3 for CAC is better than that of BaPWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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20
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010046. [PMID: 35053194 PMCID: PMC8774137 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a prominent role in chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the development of many disease conditions, including heart disease. Galectin-3, a regulatory protein, is elevated in both acute and chronic heart failure and is involved in the inflammatory pathway after injury leading to myocardial tissue remodelling. We discussed the potential utility of galectin-3 as a diagnostic and disease severity/prognostic biomarker in different cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the understanding the role of galectin-3 in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation and as a therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction.
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21
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An overview about galectin-3 and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.933280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ursli M, Zierfuss B, Grigassy T, Pesau G, Koppensteiner R, Schernthaner GH, Höbaus C. Galectin-3 is linked to peripheral artery disease severity, and urinary excretion is associated with long-term mortality. Atherosclerosis 2021; 341:7-12. [PMID: 34929561 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a biomarker involved in fibrosis and vascular inflammation. Gal-3 has been linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Conflicting reports exist about the relevance of Gal-3 in PAD. The study aims to elucidate a possible link between serum and urinary Gal-3 and long-term survival in PAD patients without critical limb ischemia and mild to moderate CKD. METHODS Galectin-3 (Gal-3) was measured in serum (n = 311) and urine (n = 266) of PAD patients (age 69 (62-77) years) by bead-based multiplex assay. Urinary Gal-3 concentration was normalized to urine creatinine (cr) levels. Mortality data were retrieved from the Austrian central death registry after a median observation period of 9.2 years. Survival analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression. RESULTS Serum Gal-3 was higher in patients with claudication symptoms (p = 0.001) and correlated inversely with the patients' ankle-brachial index (R = -0.168, p = 0.009). Serum Gal-3 and urinary Gal-3 (uGal-3/cr) were associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (R = -0.359, p < 0.001; R = -0.285, p < 0.001). Serum Gal-3 was not linked to all-cause mortality [HR 1.17 (CI 0.96-1.42)] over 9.2 years. However, uGal-3/cr was associated with all-cause mortality [HR 1.60 (CI 1.31-1.95)]. This association sustained multivariable adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and renal function [HR 1.71 (CI 1.35-2.17)]. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show an association of uGal-3/cr and long-term mortality in patients with PAD. Gal-3 was not predictive of long-term mortality but seems to be a marker of PAD severity in patients without critical limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ursli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Nephrology and Hematooncology, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Bernhard Zierfuss
- Division of Angiology, Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Grigassy
- Division of Angiology, Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerfried Pesau
- Division of Angiology, Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Clemens Höbaus
- Division of Angiology, Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ibrahim BA, Mohamed SH, Hassaan MMM, Sabbah NA. Associations of galectin-3 expression and LGALS-3 (rs4652) gene variant with coronary artery disease risk in diabetics. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:395-406. [PMID: 34616230 PMCID: PMC8451226 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-30424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 protein encoded by lectin galactoside-binding soluble-3 (LGALS-3) gene is an important genetic factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its cardiovascular obstacles in various populations. We aimed to elicit the pro-inflammatory effect of galectin-3 as determined by interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum levels and to explore the relationship between galectin-3 (LGALS-3 rs4652) gene variant and its expression levels with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk among T2DM Egyptian patients. Methods 112 lean subjects were compared to 100 T2DM without CAD and 84 T2DM with CAD. A tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used to test LGALS-3 (rs4652), and galectin3 expression was tested with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum IL-6 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We found that the prevalence of LGALS-3 (rs4652) AC genotype and galectin-3 gene expression levels in T2DM with CAD were significantly higher than the additional 2 groups and were correlated positively to IL-6 circulating levels. Also, the C allele carriers (AC+CC) had significantly higher relative Galectin-3 expression levels compared to the A allele carriers (AA). Conclusions We concluded that galectin-3 expression levels and LGALS-3 (rs4652) AC genotype were coronary artery disease risk factors in people with type two diabetes among an Egyptian sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Ibrahim
- University of Zagazig, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samy H Mohamed
- University of Zagazig, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Hassaan
- University of Zagazig, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan A Sabbah
- University of Zagazig, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig, Egypt
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Merino-Merino A, Gonzalez-Bernal J, Fernandez-Zoppino D, Saez-Maleta R, Perez-Rivera JA. The Role of Galectin-3 and ST2 in Cardiology: A Short Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1167. [PMID: 34439833 PMCID: PMC8393977 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a lectin that binds beta-galactosides. It is involved in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis through the activation of macrophages and fibroblasts. ST2 is secreted by myocardial cells due to cardiac overload. These two biomarkers have been traditionally studied in the field of heart failure to guide medical therapy and detect the progression of the disease. Nevertheless, there are novel evidences that connect galectin-3 and ST2 with coronary heart disease and, specifically, with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this article is to concisely review the diagnostic and prognostic role of galectin-3 and ST2 in different cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Merino
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Burgos, 09005 Burgos, Spain;
| | | | - Dario Fernandez-Zoppino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09005 Burgos, Spain; (J.G.-B.); (D.F.-Z.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), 2290 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth Saez-Maleta
- Department Clinical Analysis, University Hospital of Burgos, 09005 Burgos, Spain;
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Kipke J, Margevicius S, Kityo C, Mirembe G, Buggey J, Yun C, Hung C, McComsey GA, Longenecker CT. Sex, HIV Status, and Measures of Cardiac Stress and Fibrosis in Uganda. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018767. [PMID: 33998251 PMCID: PMC8483535 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of myocardial stress and fibrosis are elevated in people living with HIV and are associated with cardiac dysfunction. It is unknown whether sex influences these markers of heart failure risk in sub‐Saharan Africa, where HIV burden is high and where the vast majority of women with HIV live. Methods and Results Echocardiograms and 6 plasma biomarkers (suppression of tumorigenicity‐2, growth differentiation factor 15, galectin 3, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1, NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide], and cystatin C) were obtained from 100 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy and 100 HIV‐negative controls in Uganda. All participants were ≥45 years old with ≥1 major cardiovascular risk factor. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between biomarkers, echocardiographic variables, HIV status, and sex, and to assess whether sex modified these associations. Overall, mean age was 56 years and 62% were women. Suppression of tumorigenicity‐2 was higher in men versus women (P<0.001), and growth differentiation factor 15 was higher in people living with HIV versus controls (P<0.001). Sex modified the HIV effect on cystatin C and NT‐proBNP (both P for interaction <0.025). Women had more diastolic dysfunction than men (P=0.02), but there was no evidence of sex‐modifying HIV effects on cardiac structure and function. Cardiac biomarkers were more strongly associated with left ventricular mass index in men compared with women. Conclusions There are prominent differences in biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis and stress by sex and HIV status in Uganda. The predictive value of cardiac biomarkers for heart failure in people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa should be examined, and novel risk markers for women should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Kipke
- Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grace A. McComsey
- Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOH
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOH
| | - Chris T. Longenecker
- Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOH
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOH
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Cicco S, Castellana G, Marra L, Di Lecce V, Carratù P, Prete M, Ranieri G, Resta O, Carpagnano GE, Racanelli V, Dragonieri S, Vacca A. Galectin-3 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are indicative of heart remodelling and disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med 2021; 82:117-124. [PMID: 33910161 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3, considered as a new inflammatory marker; it is increased in cardiovascular disease. We investigated Galectin-3 in relation to heart damage in patients with OSA and its role in inflammation, based on the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). METHODS Sixty-three consecutive patients (45 males, 18 females, 58.60 ± 12.28 years old) were studied. According to the Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) patients were divided into Group 1 - non-severe (AHI <30) (17 males and 10 females, 59.89 ± 10.62 years old) and Group 2 - severe (AHI ≥30) (29 males and 6 females, aged 57.53 ± 13.30 years old) OSA. All patients underwent morning blood gas analysis, laboratory tests, nocturnal polygraphy, and echocardiography. RESULTS Galectin-3 was significantly increased in Group 2 (p = 0.027) patients. Moreover, it was directly related to left ventricle (LV) mass, left ventricle hypertrophy and LV posterior wall diameter. Tissue Doppler septal velocity (e'), that measures wall motion, was inversely correlated to Galectin-3. Furthermore, a direct association to diastolic dysfunction, evaluated as E/e' ratio, was observed. In line with these data, a direct correlation between Galectin-3 and left atrium volume was also found. Galectin-3 and percentage of total registration time with nocturnal oxygen saturation <90% (TST90) were directly correlated (p = 0.0003), while Galectin-3 and mean nocturnal SpO2 were negatively correlated (p = 0.0045). We found a direct correlation between Galectin-3 and NLR (p = 0.011). Finally, Galectin-3 was able to predict 3-yr mortality with a specificity of 83.33% and a sensitivity of 91.84%. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 showed a direct association to nocturnal respiratory indices and to cardiac remodelling in patients with OSA. OSA-induced inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cicco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Castellana
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marra
- UOC Pneumologia, Presidio Ospedaliero San Giuseppe Moscati, Taranto, TA, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Lecce
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carratù
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Onofrio Resta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, BA, Italy
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Zhuang JJ, Zhou L, Zheng YH, Ding YS. The serum galectin-3 levels are associated with the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7454-7464. [PMID: 33686023 PMCID: PMC7993705 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a microglia/macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator, plays a role in the stroke progression. In this single-center prospective study, we included 288 consecutive patients with a first-ever acute ischemic stroke to assess the association between galectin-3 serum level and clinical severity at admission and outcome at discharge by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The results were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Patients with high severity and poor outcomes had higher serum levels of galectin-3 (P<0.001 and P<0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that a galectin-3 serum level in the highest quartile (The lowest three quartiles[Q1-3] as the reference) was associated with poor functional outcome (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.44–3.87). The AUC (standard error) for the NIHSS and the combined model were 0.764 (0.031) and 0.823 (0.027), corresponding to a difference of 0.059 (0.004). This study shows that higher serum levels of galectin-3 are associated with stroke severity at admission and stroke prognosis at discharge in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Sheng Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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King DR, Salako DC, Arthur-Bentil SK, Rubin AE, Italiya JB, Tan JS, Macris DG, Neely HK, Palka JM, Grodin JL, Davis-Bordovsky K, Faubion M, North CS, Brown ES. Relationship between novel inflammatory biomarker galectin-3 and depression symptom severity in a large community-based sample. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:384-389. [PMID: 33352408 PMCID: PMC7856258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is associated with pro-inflammatory markers, such as cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1ß, and C-reactive protein. Galectin-3 is a novel emerging biomarker with pro-inflammatory properties. It is a saccharide binding protein distributed throughout many tissues with varying functions and is a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with heart failure and stroke. However, its role as a predictor in depressive symptom severity remains undefined. Data from the community-based Dallas Heart Study (n = 2554) were examined using a multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between galectin-3 and depressive symptom severity as assessed with Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) scores. Additional covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), years of education, serum creatinine, history of diabetes, and smoking history. Galectin-3 levels statistically significantly predicted QIDS-SR depressive symptom severity (β = 0.055, p = .015). Female sex, smoking status, and BMI were found to be statistically significant positive predictors of depression severity, while age, years of education, non-Hispanic White race, and Hispanic ethnicity were negative predictors of depressive symptom severity. In this large sample, higher galectin-3 levels were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that galectin-3 may be a new and useful inflammatory biomarker associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene R. King
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Damilola C. Salako
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Samia Kate Arthur-Bentil
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Arielle E. Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Jay B. Italiya
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Jenny S. Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Dimitri G. Macris
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Hunter K. Neely
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Jayme M. Palka
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Justin L. Grodin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8830, USA
| | - Kaylee Davis-Bordovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Matthew Faubion
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA
| | - Carol S. North
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA,The Altshuler Center for Education & Research, Metrocare Services, 1250 Mockingbird Ln, Suite 330, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
| | - E. Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, MC 8849 Dallas, TX 75390-8849, USA,Corresponding author: E. Sherwood Brown, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8849, Tel: 214-645-6950, Fax: 214-645-6951,
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Cao ZQ, Yu X, Leng P. Research progress on the role of gal-3 in cardio/cerebrovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111066. [PMID: 33378967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3), a member of the galectin family, is a glycoprotein with high affinity for β-galactoside. Gal-3 is a cytoplasmically synthesized protein that can shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus and can even be transported to the membrane and secreted into the extracellular environment. Cardio/cerebrovascular diseases generally refer to ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases occurring in the heart, brain and systemic tissues, which are characterized by high morbidity, high disability rates and high mortality rates. To date, considerable research has demonstrated that gal-3 expression is aberrantly increased and plays important roles in cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), myocardial fibrosis, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and heart failure (HF). Hence, understanding the biological roles of gal-3 in these diseases may be essential for cardio/cerebrovascular disease treatment and diagnosis to improve patient quality of life. In this review, we summarize current research on the roles of gal-3 in human cardiovascular diseases and potential inhibitors of gal-3, which may provide new strategies for disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Qi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Blanda V, Bracale UM, Di Taranto MD, Fortunato G. Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239232. [PMID: 33287402 PMCID: PMC7731136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein belonging to the lectin family with pleiotropic regulatory activities and several physiological cellular functions, such as cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cellular adhesion, and tissue repair. Inflammation, tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis are the main processes in which Gal-3 is involved. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including organ fibrosis, chronic inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review aims to explore the connections of Gal-3 with cardiovascular diseases since they represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We herein discuss the evidence on the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-3 in the atherogenic process as well as the association with plaque features linked to lesion stability. We report the biological role and molecular mechanisms of Gal-3 in other CVDs, highlighting its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis and impaired myocardium remodelling, resulting in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The role of Gal-3 as a prognostic marker of heart failure is described together with possible diagnostic applications to other CVDs. Finally, we report the tentative use of Gal-3 inhibition as a therapeutic approach to prevent cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Blanda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Umberto Marcello Bracale
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463530
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Reyes-Retana JA, Duque-Ossa LC. Acute Myocardial Infarction Biosensor: A Review From Bottom Up. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 46:100739. [PMID: 33250264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease that is produced due to a deficiency of oxygen generating irreversible damage in the heart muscle. In diagnosis, electrocardiogram (ECG) investigation has been the main method but is insufficient, so approaches like the measurement of biomarkers levels in plasma or saliva have become one of the most commonly applied strategies for prognosis of AMI, as some of them are specifically related to a heart attack. Many tests are carrying on to determine biological markers changes, but usually, they present disadvantages related to time consumption and laborious work. To overcome the issues, researchers around the world have been developing different ways to enhance detection through the use of biosensors. These diagnostic devices have a biological sensing element associated to a physicochemical transducer that can be made from different materials and configurations giving place to different kinds of detection: Electrical/Electrochemical, Optical and Mechanical. In this review, the authors presents relevant investigations related to the most important biomarkers and biosensors used for their detection having in mind the nanotechnology participation in the process through the application of nanostructures as a good choice for device configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Reyes-Retana
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Carlos Lazo 100, Santa Fe, La Loma, Mexico City 01389, Mexico. https://tec.mx
| | - L C Duque-Ossa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Carlos Lazo 100, Santa Fe, La Loma, Mexico City 01389, Mexico. https://tec.mx
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Galectin-3 Modulates Macrophage Activation and Contributes Smooth Muscle Cells Apoptosis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218257. [PMID: 33158139 PMCID: PMC7663490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 26-kDa lectin that regulates many aspects of inflammatory cell behavior. We assessed the hypothesis that increased levels of Gal-3 contribute to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression by enhancing monocyte chemoattraction through macrophage activation. We analyzed the plasma levels of Gal-3 in 76 patients with AAA (AAA group) and 97 controls (CTL group) as well as in angiotensin II (Ang-II)-infused ApoE knockout mice. Additionally, conditioned media (CM) were used to polarize THP-1 monocyte to M1 macrophages with or without Gal-3 inhibition through small interfering RNA targeted deletion to investigate whether Gal-3 inhibition could attenuate macrophage-induced inflammation and smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis. Our results showed a markedly increased expression of Gal-3 in the plasma and aorta in the AAA patients and experimental mice compared with the CTL group. An in vitro study demonstrated that the M1 cells exhibited increased Gal-3 expression. Gal-3 inhibition markedly decreased the quantity of macrophage-induced inflammatory regulators, including IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as messenger RNA expression and MMP-9 activity. Moreover, Gal-3-deficient CM weakened SMC apoptosis through Fas activation. These findings prove that Gal-3 may contribute to AAA progression by the activation of inflammatory macrophages, thereby promoting SMC apoptosis.
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Zhang Q, Yin K, Zhu M, Lin X, Fang Y, Lu J, Li Z, Ni Z. Combining Pulse Wave Velocity With Galectin-3 to Predict Mortality and Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:579021. [PMID: 33195327 PMCID: PMC7606274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.579021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases contribute substantially to the mortality of end-stage renal disease patients. We sought to combine pulse wave velocity (PWV) with galectin-3 to predict the mortality and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients. Methods and Results: End-stage renal disease patients who underwent stable hemodialysis were screened for inclusion. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were excluded. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoffs to dichotomize PWV and galectin-3. The study population was then stratified into four groups based on these cutoffs. Both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for clinical factors. Model performance was compared among models with or without PWV and galectin-3. A total of 284 patients were enrolled. During a median follow-up of 31 months, 57 patients (20.1%) reached the primary endpoint. The optimal cutoffs for PWV and galectin-3 were 7.9 m/s and 30.5 ng/ml, respectively. In the multivariable regression analysis, the high PWV–high galectin-3 group was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality and major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.05–9.66, p = 0.04) compared with the low PWV–low galectin-3 group. The combination of PWV and galectin-3 was associated with improved model discrimination, calibration, and reclassification. Conclusions: The combination of PWV and galectin-3 can be used to predict mortality and cerebral and cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanhua Yin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mingli Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghui Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Jia Q, Wang X, Li Y, Lv S, Zhang J. Roles of Biomarkers in Myocardial Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1157-1174. [PMID: 33014530 PMCID: PMC7505259 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is observed in various cardiovascular diseases and plays a key role in the impairment of cardiac function. Endomyocardial biopsy, as the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis, has limitations in terms of clinical application. Therefore, biomarkers have been recommended for noninvasive assessment of myocardial fibrosis. This review discusses the role of biomarkers in myocardial fibrosis from the perspective of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Ding
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiujin Jia
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- 3Qian'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qian'an 064400, China
| | - Yanyang Li
- 4Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shichao Lv
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Combined effect of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and galectin-3 on prognosis 1 year after ischemic stroke. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:33-39. [PMID: 32986993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 are important biomarkers related to ischemic stroke. However, the predictive value of the combination of them has not been examined in previous studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 on clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS A total of 2694 patients (63.62% males; mean age = 62.4 in admission) with serum NT-proBNP and galectin-3 measured simultaneously were included in this study. The primary outcome was composite outcome of death or major disability 1 year after stroke onset. Secondary outcomes were separately death, major disability, vascular events and the composite outcome of vascular events or death. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to NT-proBNP and galectin-3. Odd ratios (ORs; for nonevent outcome without time variables: primary outcome, major disability) or hazard ratios (HRs; for event outcome with time variables: death, vascular events, and the composite outcome of vascular events or death) were calculated to assess the association of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 status with adverse outcomes. RESULTS At the 1-year follow-up, 589 patients experienced a primary outcome after stroke onset. After adjustment for potential confounders, high NT-proBNP/high galectin-3 group were associated with increased risks of primary outcome (OR: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.00; P value = 0.039), death (HR: 2.74; 95% CI, 1.42-5.29; P value = 0.003), and the composite outcome of vascular events or death (HR: 1.66; 95% CI, 1.06-2.58; P value = 0.026). Statistical tests for interactions between the 4 groups and primary outcome or death were not significant (all P interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSION Simultaneously increased NT-proBNP and galectin-3 significantly increased the risk of poor clinical outcomes 1 year after ischemic stroke. Using NT-proBNP and galectin-3 together can result in an accurate prediction of ischemic stroke prognosis.
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Association between new circulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 30:528-535. [PMID: 31464731 PMCID: PMC6791513 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and risk predictive value of emerging proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines on coronary artery disease (CAD).
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Liao YH, Teng MS, Juang JMJ, Chiang FT, Er LK, Wu S, Ko YL. Genetic determinants of circulating galectin-3 levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1370. [PMID: 32573962 PMCID: PMC7507567 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin‐3 plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between LGALS3 genotypes, galectin‐3 levels, and inflammatory marker levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Results A total of 474 patients with CAD were enrolled. Significant correlations were discerned between galectin‐3 levels and leukocyte counts, C‐reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels (all p < .05). The LGALS3 rs2274273, rs4644, rs4652 genotypes, and haplotypes CAC, CCC, and ACT exhibited a significant association with galectin‐3 levels (for genotypes, p = 1.05 × 10−25, 3.54 × 10−25, and 2.74 × 10−7, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed LGALS3 rs2274273 and rs4644 genotypes contributing to 20.8% variation of galectin‐3 levels. However, there was no association between LGALS3 genotypes and other inflammatory marker levels. Conclusions Our data showed strong genetic determinants of galectin‐3 levels in patients with CAD. The galectin‐3 levels, but not LGALS3 genotypes, were associated with multiple inflammatory marker levels. Further study may be necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanism of galectin‐3 in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huang Liao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming J Juang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Leay-Kiaw Er
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
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Aguilar D, Sun C, Hoogeveen RC, Nambi V, Selvin E, Matsushita K, Saeed A, McEvoy JW, Shah AM, Solomon SD, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM. Levels and Change in Galectin-3 and Association With Cardiovascular Events: The ARIC Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015405. [PMID: 32573308 PMCID: PMC7670497 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating galectin‐3 levels provide prognostic information in patients with established heart failure (HF), but the associations between galectin‐3 levels and other incident cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals at midlife and when remeasured ≈15 years later are largely uncharacterized. Methods and Results Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we identified associations between plasma galectin‐3 levels (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD increase in natural log galectin‐3) and incident coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, HF hospitalization, and total mortality in ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) participants free of cardiovascular disease at ARIC visit 4 (1996–1998; n=9247) and at ARIC visit 5 (2011–2013; n=4829). Higher galectin‐3 level at visit 4 (median age 62) was independently associated with incident coronary heart disease (adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06–1.60), ischemic stroke (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01–2.00), HF (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.17–1.76), and mortality (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35–1.80). At visit 5 (median age, 74), higher galectin‐3 level was associated with incident HF (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15–3.24) and total mortality (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.52), but not coronary heart disease or stoke. Individuals with the greatest increase in galectin‐3 levels from visit 4 to visit 5 were also at increased risk of incident HF and total mortality. Conclusions In a large, biracial community‐based cohort, galectin‐3 measured at midlife and older age was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. An increase in galectin‐3 levels over this period was also associated with increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston TX
| | | | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Section of Cardiovascular Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Section of Cardiovascular Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Department of Medicine Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Anum Saeed
- Section of Cardiovascular Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Heart and Vascular Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA
| | - John W McEvoy
- Department of Medicine Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,National University of Ireland and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health Galway Ireland
| | - Amil M Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston TX
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Section of Cardiovascular Research Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
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Di Gregoli K, Somerville M, Bianco R, Thomas AC, Frankow A, Newby AC, George SJ, Jackson CL, Johnson JL. Galectin-3 Identifies a Subset of Macrophages With a Potential Beneficial Role in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1491-1509. [PMID: 32295421 PMCID: PMC7253188 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-3 (formerly known as Mac-2), encoded by the LGALS3 gene, is proposed to regulate macrophage adhesion, chemotaxis, and apoptosis. We investigated the role of galectin-3 in determining the inflammatory profile of macrophages and composition of atherosclerotic plaques. Approach and Results: We observed increased accumulation of galectin-3-negative macrophages within advanced human, rabbit, and mouse plaques compared with early lesions. Interestingly, statin treatment reduced galectin-3-negative macrophage accrual in advanced plaques within hypercholesterolemic (apolipoprotein E deficient) Apoe-/- mice. Accordingly, compared with Lgals3+/+:Apoe-/- mice, Lgals3-/-:Apoe-/- mice displayed altered plaque composition through increased macrophage:smooth muscle cell ratio, reduced collagen content, and increased necrotic core area, characteristics of advanced plaques in humans. Additionally, macrophages from Lgals3-/- mice exhibited increased invasive capacity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, loss of galectin-3 in vitro and in vivo was associated with increased expression of proinflammatory genes including MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-12, CCL2 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), and IL (interleukin)-6, alongside reduced TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 expression and consequent SMAD signaling. Moreover, we found that MMP12 cleaves macrophage cell-surface galectin-3 resulting in the appearance of a 22-kDa fragment, whereas plasma levels of galectin-3 were reduced in Mmp12-/-:Apoe-/- mice, highlighting a novel mechanism where MMP12-dependent cleavage of galectin-3 promotes proinflammatory macrophage polarization. Moreover, galectin-3-positive macrophages were more abundant within plaques of Mmp12-/-:Apoe-/- mice compared with Mmp12+/+:Apoe-/- animals. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a prominent protective role for galectin-3 in regulating macrophage polarization and invasive capacity and, therefore, delaying plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Di Gregoli
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Michelle Somerville
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Rosaria Bianco
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Anita C. Thomas
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Andrew C. Newby
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Sarah J. George
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Christopher L. Jackson
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England
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Negative Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Events in the Elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:1-11. [PMID: 31272534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk increases dramatically with age, leading to nearly universal risk-based statin eligibility in the elderly population. To limit overtreatment, elderly individuals at truly low risk need to be identified. OBJECTIVES Discovering "negative" risk markers able to identify elderly individuals at low short-term risk for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. METHODS In 5,805 BioImage participants (mean age 69 years; median follow-up 2.7 years), the authors evaluated 13 candidate markers: coronary artery calcium (CAC) = 0, CAC ≤10, no carotid plaque, no family history, normal ankle-brachial index, test result <25th percentile (carotid intima-media thickness, apolipoprotein B, galectin-3, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein(a), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and transferrin), and apolipoprotein A1 >75th percentile. Negative risk marker performance was compared using patient-specific diagnostic likelihood ratio (DLR) and binary net reclassification index (NRI). RESULTS CAC = 0 and CAC ≤10 were the strongest negative risk markers with mean DLRs of 0.20 and 0.20 for coronary heart disease (i.e., ≈80% lower risk than expected from traditional risk factor assessment) and 0.41 and 0.48 for cardiovascular disease, respectively, followed by galectin-3 <25th percentile (DLR 0.44 and 0.43, respectively) and absence of carotid plaque (DLR 0.39 and 0.65, respectively). Results obtained by other candidate markers were less impressive. Accurate downward risk reclassification across the Class I statin-eligibility threshold defined by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association was largest for CAC = 0 (NRI 0.23) and CAC ≤10 (NRI 0.28), followed by galectin-3 <25th percentile (NRI 0.14) and absence of carotid plaque (NRI 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Elderly individuals with CAC = 0, CAC ≤10, low galectin-3, or no carotid plaque had remarkable low cardiovascular risk, calling into question the appropriateness of a treat-all approach in the elderly population.
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Correlation between Galectin-3 and Adverse Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:7614327. [PMID: 32455000 PMCID: PMC7229552 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7614327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Some new biomarkers can help us to improve the life quality and prognosis of AMI patients. Objective We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of galectin-3 (gal3) for assessing prognosis of AMI patients. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database up to June 2019. Trials included using galectin-3 to estimate prognosis in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Results We identified 10 trails with a total of 2809 participants. The negative correlation between galectin-3 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significant in 505 AMI patients (Fisher's Z -0.22, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.09). The correlation between galectin-3 and infarct size was not significant in 119 patients (Fisher's Z 0.12, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.60). Higher galectin-3 was associated with increased all-cause mortality in 2343 AMI patients (Fisher's Z 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.03). Conclusion The limited evidence suggests that galectin-3 is likely to predict the adverse outcomes in MI patients, but it is not significantly correlated with infarct size after MI. More high-quality trials with longer-term follow-up are still needed to confirm this finding.
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Lorenzo-Almorós A, Pello A, Aceña Á, Martínez-Milla J, González-Lorenzo Ó, Tarín N, Cristóbal C, Blanco-Colio LM, Martín-Ventura JL, Huelmos A, Gutiérrez-Landaluce C, López-Castillo M, Kallmeyer A, Cánovas E, Alonso J, López Bescós L, Egido J, Lorenzo Ó, Tuñón J. Galectin-3 Is Associated with Cardiovascular Events in Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Type-2 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041105. [PMID: 32294902 PMCID: PMC7230213 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with early and severe atherosclerosis. However, few biomarkers can predict cardiovascular events in this population. Methods: We followed 964 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), assessing plasma levels of galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline. The secondary outcomes were acute ischemia and heart failure or death. The primary outcome was the combination of the secondary outcomes. Results. Two hundred thirty-two patients had T2DM. Patients with T2DM showed higher MCP-1 (144 (113–195) vs. 133 (105–173) pg/mL, p = 0.006) and galectin-3 (8.3 (6.5–10.5) vs. 7.8 (5.9–9.8) ng/mL, p = 0.049) levels as compared to patients without diabetes. Median follow-up was 5.39 years (2.81–6.92). Galectin-3 levels were associated with increased risk of the primary outcome in T2DM patients (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.57 (1.07–2.30); p = 0.022), along with a history of cerebrovascular events. Treatment with clopidogrel was associated with lower risk. In contrast, NT-proBNP and MCP-1, but not galectin-3, were related to increased risk of the event in nondiabetic patients (HR 1.21 (1.04–1.42); p = 0.017 and HR 1.23 (1.05–1.44); p = 0.012, respectively), along with male sex and age. Galectin-3 was also the only biomarker associated with the development of acute ischemic events and heart failure or death in T2DM patients, while, in nondiabetics, MCP-1 and NT-proBNP, respectively, were related to these events. Conclusion: In CAD patients, galectin-3 plasma levels are associated with cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, and MCP-1 and NT-proBNP in those without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lorenzo-Almorós
- Department of Internal Medicine, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-C.); (J.L.M.-V.); (J.E.); (Ó.L.)
| | - Ana Pello
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Aceña
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Martínez-Milla
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Óscar González-Lorenzo
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Nieves Tarín
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Cristóbal
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, 28942 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (C.G.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Luis M Blanco-Colio
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-C.); (J.L.M.-V.); (J.E.); (Ó.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-C.); (J.L.M.-V.); (J.E.); (Ó.L.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Huelmos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Marta López-Castillo
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Kallmeyer
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Ester Cánovas
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Joaquín Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.); (L.L.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo López Bescós
- Department of Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Jesús Egido
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-C.); (J.L.M.-V.); (J.E.); (Ó.L.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-C.); (J.L.M.-V.); (J.E.); (Ó.L.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Tuñón
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-C.); (J.L.M.-V.); (J.E.); (Ó.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (Á.A.); (J.M.-M.); (Ó.G.-L.); (M.L.-C.); (A.K.); (E.C.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Galectin-3 Is a Potential Mediator for Atherosclerosis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5284728. [PMID: 32149158 PMCID: PMC7042544 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5284728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory arterial disease forming the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. Numerous studies have implicated inflammation as a key player in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 30 kDa β-galactose, highly conserved and widely distributed intracellularly and extracellularly. Gal-3 has been demonstrated in recent years to be a novel inflammatory factor participating in the process of intravascular inflammation, lipid endocytosis, macrophage activation, cellular proliferation, monocyte chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. This review focuses on the role of Gal-3 in atherosclerosis and the mechanism involved and several classical Gal-3 agonists and antagonists in the current studies.
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Dong T, Li H, Wang S, Chen W. Efficacy evaluation of serum galectin-3 in hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:147-152. [PMID: 31853284 PMCID: PMC6909668 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) in patients with hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction and its predictive value for efficacy were investigated. One hundred patients with hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled as group A, symptomatically treated with conventional drugs. Further 80 individuals undergoing physical examination during the same period were enrolled as group B. Patients in the two groups were subjected to echocardiography to observe mitral valve early peak flow velocity (EPFV), atrial peak flow velocity (APFV), maximum flow velocity ratio of early to atrial diastole (EPFV/APFV) and peak mitral annulus velocity (E/E′). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum Gal-3 concentration. According to efficacy after treatment, patients in group A were divided into the effective group (71 patients) and the invalid group (29 patients). Gal-3 concentration in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). After treatment, the concentration in group A was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05), but significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). Gal-3 concentration was significantly higher in patients with cardiac function grades II, III and IV than that in patients with grade I (P<0.05). According to Spearman's test, Gal-3 concentration was positively correlated with cardiac function grading (r=0.569, P<0.001). Compared with before treatment in group A, patients after treatment had significantly higher EPFV and EPFV/APFV (P<0.05), but significantly lower APFV and E/E′ (P<0.05). Before treatment, Gal-3 concentration in the effective group was significantly lower than that in the invalid group (P<0.05). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under curve (AUC) of Gal-3 concentration for evaluating efficacy was 0.792, the sensitivity was 73.24%, and the specificity was 79.31%. In conclusion, Gal-3 may be involved in the development and progression of hypertension complicated with diastolic dysfunction. Its concentration increases with the rise of cardiac function grading but significantly decreases after treatment. Therefore, Gal-3 concentration before treatment can be used as a potential predictor of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
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Bansal N, Zelnick L, Go A, Anderson A, Christenson R, Deo R, Defilippi C, Lash J, He J, Ky B, Seliger S, Soliman E, Shlipak M. Cardiac Biomarkers and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012336. [PMID: 31645163 PMCID: PMC6898812 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac biomarkers may signal mechanistic pathways involved in heart failure (HF), a leading complication in chronic kidney disease. We tested the associations of NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), galectin‐3, growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15), and soluble ST2 (sST2) with incident HF in chronic kidney disease. Methods and Results We examined adults with chronic kidney disease enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. All biomarkers were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was incident HF. Secondary outcomes included HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF≥50%) and reduced ejection fraction (EF<50%). Cox models were used to test the association of each cardiac biomarker with HF, adjusting for demographics, kidney function, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication use. Among 3314 participants, all biomarkers, with the exception of galectin‐3, were significantly associated with increased risk of incident HF (hazard ratio per SD higher concentration of log‐transformed biomarker): NT‐proBNP (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.79–2.39); hsTnT (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.21–1.56); GDF‐15 (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.26–1.66) and sST2 (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.35). Higher NT‐proBNP, hsTnT, and GDF‐15 were also associated with a greater risk of HF with reduced EF; while higher NT‐proBNP GDF‐15 and sST2 were associated with HF with preserved EF. Galectin‐3 was not associated with either HF with reduced EF or HF with preserved EF. Conclusions In chronic kidney disease, elevations of NT‐proBNP, hsTnT, GDF‐15, sST2 were associated with incident HF. There was a borderline association of galectin‐3 with incident HF. NT‐proBNP and hsTnT were more strongly associated with HF with reduced EF, while the associations of the newer biomarkers GDF‐15 and sST2 were stronger for HF with preserved EF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Go
- Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA
| | | | | | - Rajat Deo
- University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | - Jiang He
- Tulane University New Orleans LA
| | - Bonnie Ky
- University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
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Goenka L, Jha D, Sharma M, Dhandapani VE, George M. Factors which Influence the Levels of ST-2, Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:64-73. [PMID: 31438834 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666190719104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cardiac biomarkers are being studied to explore their potential in the prognostication of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). However, there are limited studies exploring the relationship between these biomarkers and clinical, laboratory and demographic characteristics. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the factors which influence the concentration of novel cardiac biomarkers such as Galectin-3, suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST-2) and Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with ACS. METHODS A total of 122 patients with ACS were enrolled in the study. The study patients were categorized into two groups namely: STEMI (n=58) and NSTEMI/UA (n=64). Plasma samples were used to determine the level of biomarkers, Galectin-3 and ST-2, and serum samples were used to determine the levels of MMP-9 using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between the plasma and serum levels of biomarkers and, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were determined. Statistical analyses for the study were performed using SPSS 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Elderly aged [0.107 (0.012-0.969); p=0.047] patients had higher ST-2. Galectin-3 was higher among female patients [3.693(1.253-10.887); p=0.018] and patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction [2.882 (1.041-7.978); p=0.042]. Patients with lower body mass index [3.385 (1.241-9.231); p=0.017], diabetes [3.650 (1.302-10.237); p=0.014] and high total leukocyte count [2.900 (1.114-7.551; p=0.029] had higher MMP-9 levels. CONCLUSION The concentration of galectin-3, ST-2 and MMP-9 are independently influenced by demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. It is estimated that these factors should be accounted for when interpreting the results of the biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxitaa Goenka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Durga Jha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Masum Sharma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - V E Dhandapani
- Department of Cardiology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Du X, Zhao W, Nguyen M, Lu Q, Kiriazis H. β-Adrenoceptor activation affects galectin-3 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in heart disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2449-2464. [PMID: 30756388 PMCID: PMC6592856 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a key histopathological component that drives the progression of heart disease leading to heart failure and constitutes a therapeutic target. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have implicated galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a pro-fibrotic molecule and a biomarker of heart disease and fibrosis. However, our knowledge is poor on the mechanism(s) that determine the blood level or regulate cardiac expression of Gal-3. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhanced β-adrenoceptor activity is a determinant of both circulating concentration and cardiac expression of Gal-3. Pharmacological or transgenic activation of β-adrenoceptors leads to increased blood levels of Gal-3 and up-regulated cardiac Gal-3 expression, effect that can be reversed with the use of β-adrenoceptor antagonists. Conversely, Gal-3 gene deletion confers protection against isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity and fibrogenesis. At the transcription level, β-adrenoceptor stimulation activates cardiac mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 1, a pivotal kinase of the Hippo signalling pathway, which is associated with Gal-3 up-regulation. Recent studies have suggested a role for the β-adrenoceptor-Hippo signalling pathway in the regulation of cardiac Gal-3 expression thereby contributing to the onset and progression of heart disease. This implies a therapeutic potential of the suppression of Gal-3 expression. In this review, we discuss the effects of β-adrenoceptor activity on Gal-3 as a biomarker and causative mediator in the setting of heart disease and point out pivotal knowledge gaps. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Wei‐Bo Zhao
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - My‐Nhan Nguyen
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Qun Lu
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First HospitalXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
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Zeng N, Wang A, Xu T, Zhong C, Zheng X, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Peng H, Li Q, Ju Z, Geng D, Zhang Y, He J. Co-Effect of Serum Galectin-3 and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1879-1885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Ou HC, Chou WC, Hung CH, Chu PM, Hsieh PL, Chan SH, Tsai KL. Galectin-3 aggravates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction through LOX-1 mediated signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:825-835. [PMID: 30963716 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a biomarker linking oxidative stress and inflammation, participates in different mechanisms related to atherothrombosis, such as inflammation, proliferation, or macrophage chemotaxis. Accumulating evidence indicates that galectin-3 may also promote atherogenesis through inducing endothelial dysfunction. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1), a receptor for oxLDL uptake, contributes to oxLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. Whether galectin-3 induces endothelial dysfunction through modulation of LOX-1-mediated signaling remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms underlying galectin-3 enhanced cytotoxicity of oxLDL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the role of LOX-1. Incubation of HUVECs with galectin-3 increased the expression of LOX-1 in RNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of LOX-1 induced by oxLDL was promoted by galectin-3. However, pretreatment of LOX-1 antibody reduced LOX-1 mRNA expression level in cells with oxLDL plus galectin-3 incubation. Compared to cells treated with oxLDL alone, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and subsequent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases followed by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and related inflammatory responses including adhesion molecule expression, adhesiveness of monocytic cells, and IL-8 release were also aggravated in cells treated with galectin-3 combined with oxLDL. Compared to cells treated with galectin-3 plus oxLDL group. We found that LOX-1 antibody mitigated NADPH oxidase activity, p-38 up-regulation, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory responses in cells treated with galectin-3 combined with oxLDL. We conclude that galectin-3 enhances endothelial LOX-1 expression and propose a new mechanism by which galectin-3 may promote endothelial dysfunction by inducing inflammation via LOX-1/ROS/p38/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Tan KCB, Cheung CL, Lee ACH, Lam JKY, Wong Y, Shiu SWM. Galectin-3 and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3093. [PMID: 30378236 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent clinical studies have shown that galectin-3 is a prognostic indicator in patients with coronary heart disease and in patients with heart failure. Experimental data suggest that galectin-3 may play a role in atherogenesis. We have evaluated whether serum galectin-3 level is associated with cardiovascular outcome in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Galectin-3 was measured in baseline samples in 1495 persons with type 2 diabetes. The primary cardiovascular outcome, incident cardiovascular events, was defined as first non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or death from cardiovascular cause. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS At baseline, 12% of the subjects had prevalent cardiovascular disease. Serum galectin-3 was increased in the group with incident cardiovascular events compared with those who remained free of events during follow up (9.03 ± 2.98 ng/mL vs 8.15 ± 2.76, P < 0.01). Serum galectin-3 was also significantly increased in those subjects with a fatal outcome. The hazard ratios (HR) for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality for individuals in the top quartile were 2.50 (95% CI 1.87, 3.36, P < 0.001) and 3.92 (95%CI 2.55, 6.01, P < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis including traditional risk factors, log (eGFR), baseline albuminuria, and cardiovascular disease status, the HR per standard deviation change in galectin-3 was 1.13 (95% CI 1.02, 1.26, P = 0.02) for cardiovascular events and 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.35, P = 0.04) for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Serum galectin-3 is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes independent of traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan C H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joanne K Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sammy W M Shiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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