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Bogaards FA, Gehrmann T, Beekman M, Lakenberg N, Suchiman HED, de Groot CPGM, Reinders MJT, Slagboom PE. Secondary integrated analysis of multi-tissue transcriptomic responses to a combined lifestyle intervention in older adults from the GOTO nonrandomized trial. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7013. [PMID: 39147741 PMCID: PMC11327278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular effects of lifestyle interventions are typically studied in a single tissue. Here, we perform a secondary analysis on the sex-specific effects of the Growing Old TOgether trial (GOTO, trial registration number GOT NL3301 ( https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/27183 ), NL-OMON27183 , primary outcomes have been previously reported in ref. 1), a moderate 13-week combined lifestyle intervention on the transcriptomes of postprandial blood, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and muscle tissue in healthy older adults, the overlap in effect between tissues and their relation to whole-body parameters of metabolic health. The GOTO intervention has virtually no effect on the postprandial blood transcriptome, while the SAT and muscle transcriptomes respond significantly. In SAT, pathways involved in HDL remodeling, O2/CO2 exchange and signaling are overrepresented, while in muscle, collagen and extracellular matrix pathways are significantly overexpressed. Additionally, we find that the effects of the SAT transcriptome closest associates with gains in metabolic health. Lastly, in males, we identify a shared variation between the transcriptomes of the three tissues. We conclude that the GOTO intervention has a significant effect on metabolic and muscle fibre pathways in the SAT and muscle transcriptome, respectively. Aligning the response in the three tissues revealed a blood transcriptome component which may act as an integrated health marker for metabolic intervention effects across tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Bogaards
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - T Gehrmann
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Lab of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Lakenberg
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H E D Suchiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J T Reinders
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P E Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Yao Z, Zhang B, Niu G, Yan Z, Tong X, Zou Y, Li Y, Yang M. Neutrophil Infiltration Characterized by Upregulation of S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CXCR2 Is Associated With the Co-Occurrence of Crohn’s Disease and Peripheral Artery Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896645. [PMID: 35795659 PMCID: PMC9251382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are closely related. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the coexistence of CD and PAD are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the key molecules and pathways mediating the co-occurrence of CD and PAD through quantitative bioinformatic analysis of a public RNA sequencing database. Methods Datasets of CD (GSE111889) and PAD (GSE120642) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the ‘edgeR’ and ‘limma’ packages of R. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia analyses of common DEGs were performed to explore the functions of DEGs. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were established by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and visualized by Cytoscape. Hub genes were selected using the plugin cytoHubba. Hub gene validation was performed in GSE95095 for CD and GSE134431 for PAD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive values of the hub genes. Gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration of the hub genes were performed. Results A total of 54 common DEGs (2 downregulated and 52 upregulated) were identified. Pathways of neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil migration and cytokine and cytokine receptors were enriched in CD and PAD. S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CXCR2 were identified as hub genes after validation, with all area under the curve > 0.7 for both CD and PAD. Neutrophil infiltration was associated with upregulation of the hub genes. Pathways of immune processes, including neutrophil activation, neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil migration were significantly correlated with high expression of S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CXCR2 in both CD and PAD. Conclusions This bioinformatic study elucidates S100A8, S100A9, S100A12 and CXCR2 as hub genes for the co-occurrence of Crohn’s disease and peripheral artery disease. Inflammation and immune regulation modulated by neutrophil infiltration play a central role in the development of CD and PAD and may be potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Yao
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yang, ; Bihui Zhang, ; Yuan Li,
| | - Guochen Niu
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziguang Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tong
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zou
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yang, ; Bihui Zhang, ; Yuan Li,
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yang, ; Bihui Zhang, ; Yuan Li,
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3
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Truong R, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Immunological mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: potential sites for intervention. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:37-50. [PMID: 33280442 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1860757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Innate and adaptive immunity play a critical role in the underlying pathological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential target sites of sterile inflammation open opportunities to develop novel therapeutics. In response to oxidized LDL in the intimal layer, T cell subsets are recruited and activated at the site of atheroma to upregulate pro-atherogenic cytokines which exacerbate plaque formation instability.Areas covered: A systematic search of PubMed and the Web of Science was performed between January 2001- September 2020 and relevant articles in sterile inflammation and atherosclerosis were critically reviewed. The original information was collected on the interconnection between danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as the mediators of sterile inflammation and the receptor complex of CD36-TLR4-TLR6 that primes and activates inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Mediators of sterile inflammation are identified to target therapeutic strategies in the management of atherosclerosis.Expert opinion: Sterile inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome is perpetuated by the activation of IL-1β and IL-18 and induction of pyroptosis resulting in the release of additional inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs. Challenges with current inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome lie in the specificity, stability, and efficacy in targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome constituents without ameliorating upstream or downstream responses necessary for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Truong
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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4
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Patel H, Iniesta R, Stahl D, Dobson RJ, Newhouse SJ. Working Towards a Blood-Derived Gene Expression Biomarker Specific for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:545-561. [PMID: 32065794 PMCID: PMC7175937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The typical approach to identify blood-derived gene expression signatures as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have relied on training classification models using AD and healthy controls only. This may inadvertently result in the identification of markers for general illness rather than being disease-specific. OBJECTIVE Investigate whether incorporating additional related disorders in the classification model development process can lead to the discovery of an AD-specific gene expression signature. METHODS Two types of XGBoost classification models were developed. The first used 160 AD and 127 healthy controls and the second used the same 160 AD with 6,318 upsampled mixed controls consisting of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, coronary artery disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cognitively healthy subjects. Both classification models were evaluated in an independent cohort consisting of 127 AD and 687 mixed controls. RESULTS The AD versus healthy control models resulted in an average 48.7% sensitivity (95% CI = 34.7-64.6), 41.9% specificity (95% CI = 26.8-54.3), 13.6% PPV (95% CI = 9.9-18.5), and 81.1% NPV (95% CI = 73.3-87.7). In contrast, the mixed control models resulted in an average of 40.8% sensitivity (95% CI = 27.5-52.0), 95.3% specificity (95% CI = 93.3-97.1), 61.4% PPV (95% CI = 53.8-69.6), and 89.7% NPV (95% CI = 87.8-91.4). CONCLUSIONS This early work demonstrates the value of incorporating additional related disorders into the classification model developmental process, which can result in models with improved ability to distinguish AD from a heterogeneous aging population. However, further improvement to the sensitivity of the test is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamel Patel
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Iniesta
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J.B. Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J. Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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Abstract
Patients with a current diagnosis of breast cancer are enjoying dramatic cure rates and survivorship secondary to an increase in awareness, earlier detection, and more effective therapies. Although strategies such as Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October focus on early detection, lifestyle changes are seldom discussed other than dietary concerns and physical activity. Lifestyle modifications centered on diet and exercise have been demonstrated to affect overall disease-free survival in breast cancer. Since the early 2000s, the role of the human gut microbiota and its relation to breast cancer has become a major area of interest in the scientific and medical community. We live and survive owing to the symbiotic relationship with the microorganisms within us: the human microbiota. Scientific advances have identified a subset of the gut microbiota: the estrobolome, those bacteria that have the genetic capability to metabolize estrogen, which plays a key role in most breast cancers. Recent research provides evidence that the gut microbiome plays a substantial role in estrogen regulation. Gut microbiota diversity appears to be an essential component of overall health, including breast health. Future research attention should include a more extensive focus on the role of the human gut microbiota in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs I Bodai
- The Breast Cancer Survivorship Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA
| | - Therese E Nakata
- The Breast Cancer Survivorship Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA
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7
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Chellan B, Sutton NR, Hofmann Bowman MA. S100/RAGE-Mediated Inflammation and Modified Cholesterol Lipoproteins as Mediators of Osteoblastic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:163. [PMID: 30467547 PMCID: PMC6235906 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a feature of atherosclerosis and shares many risk factors including diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and age. Although there is overlap in risk factors, anti-atherosclerotic therapies, including statins, fail to reduce arterial, and aortic valve calcifications. This suggests that low density lipoprotein (LDL) may not be the main driver for aortic valve disease and arterial calcification. This review focuses on modified LDLs and their role in mediating foam cell formation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), with special emphasis on enzyme modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL). In vivo, ELDL represents one of the many forms of modified LDLs present in the atherosclerotic vessel. Phenotypic changes of macrophages and SMCs brought about by the uptake of modified LDLs overlap significantly in an atherosclerotic milieu, making it practically impossible to differentiate between the effects from oxidized LDL, ELDL, and other LDL modification. By studying in vitro-generated modifications of LDL, we were able to demonstrate marked differences in the transcriptome of human coronary artery SMCs (HCASMCs) upon uptake of ELDL, OxLDL, and native LDL, indicating that specific modifications of LDL in atherosclerotic plaques may determine the biology and functional consequences in vasculature. Enzyme-modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL) induces calcification of SMCs and this is associated with reduced mRNA levels for genes protective for calcification (ENPP1, MGP) and upregulation of osteoblastic genes. A second focus of this review is on the synergy between hyperlipidemia and accelerated calcification In vivo in a mouse models with transgenic expression of human S100A12. We summarize mechanisms of S100A12/RAGE mediated vascular inflammation promoting vascular and valve calcification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Chellan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nadia R Sutton
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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8
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Bodai BI, Nakata TE, Wong WT, Clark DR, Lawenda S, Tsou C, Liu R, Shiue L, Cooper N, Rehbein M, Ha BP, Mckeirnan A, Misquitta R, Vij P, Klonecke A, Mejia CS, Dionysian E, Hashmi S, Greger M, Stoll S, Campbell TM. Lifestyle Medicine: A Brief Review of Its Dramatic Impact on Health and Survival. Perm J 2018; 22:17-025. [PMID: 29035175 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/17-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By ignoring the root causes of disease and neglecting to prioritize lifestyle measures for prevention, the medical community is placing people at harm. Advanced nations, influenced by a Western lifestyle, are in the midst of a health crisis, resulting largely from poor lifestyle choices. Epidemiologic, ecologic, and interventional studies have repeatedly indicated that most chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are the result of lifestyles fueled by poor nutrition and physical inactivity.In this article, we describe the practice of lifestyle medicine and its powerful effect on these modern instigators of premature disability and death. We address the economic benefits of prevention-based lifestyle medicine and its effect on our health care system: A system on the verge of bankruptcy. We recommend vital changes to a disastrous course. Many deaths and many causes of pain, suffering, and disability could be circumvented if the medical community could effectively implement and share the power of healthy lifestyle choices. We believe that lifestyle medicine should become the primary approach to the management of chronic conditions and, more importantly, their prevention. For future generations, for our own health, and for the Hippocratic Oath we swore to uphold ("First do no harm"), the medical community must take action. It is our hope that the information presented will inspire our colleagues to pursue lifestyle medicine research and incorporate such practices into their daily care of patients. The time to make this change is now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs I Bodai
- Director of The Breast Cancer Survivorship Institute in Sacramento, CA.
| | - Therese E Nakata
- Program Manager of The Breast Cancer Survivorship Institute in Sacramento, CA.
| | | | - Dawn R Clark
- Chief Facilitator of the Physician Wellness Program and an Obstetrician/Gynecologist at the San Dimas-Baldwin Park Medical Center in San Dimas, CA.
| | - Steven Lawenda
- Internist at the Antelope Valley Medical Center in Lancaster, CA.
| | | | - Raymond Liu
- Chief of Hematology-Oncology at the San Francisco Medical Center in CA.
| | - Linda Shiue
- Internist and the Director of Culinary Medicine at the San Francisco Medical Center in CA.
| | - Neil Cooper
- Radiologist at the Glenlake Medical Center in Atlanta, GA.
| | - Michael Rehbein
- Pediatrician and Assistant Physician-in-Charge for Outpatient Service at the Stockton Medical Office in CA.
| | - Benjamin P Ha
- Associate Area Medical Director for Family Medicine at the Bakersfield Medical Center in CA.
| | - Anne Mckeirnan
- Obstetrician/Gynecologist at the San Diego Medical Center in CA.
| | - Rajiv Misquitta
- Primary Care Physician at the South Sacramento Medical Center in CA. He is also an Elected Representative on The Permanente Medical Group Board of Directors.
| | - Pankaj Vij
- Medical Director of the Kaiser Permanente Weight Management Program in Pleasanton, CA.
| | - Andrew Klonecke
- Nuclear Medicine Specialist at the Sacramento Medical Center and at the Roseville Medical Center in CA.
| | | | - Emil Dionysian
- Orthopedic Surgeon at the Lakeview Medical Offices and at the Orange County Medical Center in Anaheim, CA.
| | - Sean Hashmi
- Internist at the Woodland Hills Medical Center in CA.
| | - Michael Greger
- Physician and Founder of NutritionFacts.org in Kensington, MD.
| | - Scott Stoll
- Co-Founder and Chairman of the Plantrician Project in Rieglesville, PA.
| | - Thomas M Campbell
- Instructor of Clinical Family Medicine at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and the Co-Founder and Clinical Director of the University of Rochester Program for Nutrition in Medicine in NY.
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Xing P, Chen Y, Gao J, Bai L, Yuan Z. A fast approach to detect gene-gene synergy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16437. [PMID: 29180805 PMCID: PMC5703944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting informative genes, including individually discriminant genes and synergic genes, from expression data has been useful for medical diagnosis and prognosis. Detecting synergic genes is more difficult than selecting individually discriminant genes. Several efforts have recently been made to detect gene-gene synergies, such as dendrogram-based I(X1; X2; Y) (mutual information), doublets (gene pairs) and MIC(X1; X2; Y) based on the maximal information coefficient. It is unclear whether dendrogram-based I(X1; X2; Y) and doublets can capture synergies efficiently. Although MIC(X1; X2; Y) can capture a wide range of interaction, it has a high computational cost triggered by its 3-D search. In this paper, we developed a simple and fast approach based on abs conversion type (i.e. Z = |X1 − X2|) and t-test, to detect interactions in simulation and real-world datasets. Our results showed that dendrogram-based I(X1; X2; Y) and doublets are helpless for discovering pair-wise gene interactions, our approach can discover typical pair-wise synergic genes efficiently. These synergic genes can reach comparable accuracy to the individually discriminant genes using the same number of genes. Classifier cannot learn well if synergic genes have not been converted properly. Combining individually discriminant and synergic genes can improve the prediction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Xing
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
| | - Zheming Yuan
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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10
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Sá ACC, Sadee W, Johnson JA. Whole Transcriptome Profiling: An RNA-Seq Primer and Implications for Pharmacogenomics Research. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 11:153-161. [PMID: 28945944 PMCID: PMC5866981 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caroline C Sá
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Genetics & Genomic Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetic, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Center for Pharmacogenomics & Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Genetics & Genomic Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kinlay
- From Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (S.K.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K., T.M., J.A.L.)
| | - Thomas Michel
- From Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (S.K.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K., T.M., J.A.L.)
| | - Jane A Leopold
- From Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (S.K.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K., T.M., J.A.L.).
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12
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Ellsworth DL, Costantino NS, Blackburn HL, Engler RJM, Kashani M, Vernalis MN. Lifestyle modification interventions differing in intensity and dietary stringency improve insulin resistance through changes in lipoprotein profiles. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:282-292. [PMID: 27708845 PMCID: PMC5043634 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolic dysfunction characterized by insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for type‐2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to determine if clinical lifestyle interventions differing in scope and intensity improve IR, defined by the lipoprotein IR (LPIR) score, in individuals differing in the severity of metabolic dysfunction. Methods Subjects with diagnosed type‐2 diabetes, CAD or significant risk factors participated in one of two clinical lifestyle modification interventions: (i) intensive non‐randomized programme with a strict vegetarian diet (n = 90 participants, 90 matched controls) or (ii) moderate randomized trial following a Mediterranean‐style diet (n = 89 subjects, 58 controls). On‐treatment and intention‐to‐treat analyses assessed changes over 1 year in LPIR, lipoprotein profiles and metabolic risk factors in intervention participants and controls in both programmes. Results In the on‐treatment analysis, both interventions led to weight loss: [−8.9% (95% CI, −10.3 to −7.4), intensive programme; −2.8% (95% CI, −3.8 to −1.9), moderate programme; adjusted P < 0.001] and a decrease in the LPIR score [−13.3% (95% CI, −18.2 to −8.3), intensive; −8.8% (95% CI, −12.9 to −4.7), moderate; adjusted P < 0.01] compared with respective controls. Of the six lipoprotein parameters comprising LPIR, only large very‐low‐density lipoprotein particle concentrations decreased significantly in participants compared with controls in both programmes [−26.3% (95% CI, −43.0 to −9.6), intensive; −14.2% (95% CI, −27.4 to −1.0), moderate; P < 0.05]. Intention‐to‐treat analysis confirmed and strengthened the primary results. Conclusion A stringent lifestyle modification intervention with a vegetarian diet and a moderate lifestyle modification intervention following a Mediterranean diet were both effective for improving IR defined by the LPIR score.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ellsworth
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber Windber PA USA
| | - N S Costantino
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber Windber PA USA
| | - H L Blackburn
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber Windber PA USA
| | - R J M Engler
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA
| | - M Kashani
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA
| | - M N Vernalis
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD USA
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13
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Mayeur S, Spahis S, Pouliot Y, Levy E. Lactoferrin, a Pleiotropic Protein in Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:813-36. [PMID: 26981846 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Lactoferrin (Lf) is a nonheme iron-binding glycoprotein strongly expressed in human and bovine milk and it plays many functions during infancy such as iron homeostasis and defense against microorganisms. In humans, Lf is mainly expressed in mucosal epithelial and immune cells. Growing evidence suggests multiple physiological roles for Lf after weaning. RECENT ADVANCES The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances concerning multifunctional Lf activities. CRITICAL ISSUES First, we will provide an overview of the mechanisms related to Lf intrinsic synthesis or intestinal absorption as well as its interaction with a wide spectrum of mammalian receptors and distribution in organs and cell types. Second, we will discuss the large variety of its physiological functions such as iron homeostasis, transportation, immune regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis while specifying the mechanisms of action. Third, we will focus on its recent physiopathology implication in metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Additional efforts are necessary before suggesting the potential use of Lf as a diagnostic marker or as a therapeutic tool. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The main sources of Lf in human cardiometabolic disorders should be clarified to identify new perspectives for future research and develop new strategies using Lf in therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 813-836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Mayeur
- 1 Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada .,2 Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF) , Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- 1 Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada .,2 Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF) , Université Laval, Quebec, Canada .,3 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Pouliot
- 3 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- 1 Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada .,2 Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF) , Université Laval, Quebec, Canada .,3 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
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14
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Paradigms of Lifestyle Medicine and Wellness. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Oesterle A, Bowman MAH. S100A12 and the S100/Calgranulins: Emerging Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis and Possibly Therapeutic Targets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2496-507. [PMID: 26515415 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.302072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is mediated by local and systematic inflammation. The multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been studied in animals and humans and is an important mediator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on S100/calgranulin proteins (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12) and their receptor RAGE in mediating vascular inflammation. Mice lack the gene for S100A12, which in humans is located on chromosome 3 between S100A8 and S100A9. Transgenic mice with smooth muscle cell-targeted expression of S100A12 demonstrate increased coronary and aortic calcification, as well as increased plaque vulnerability. Serum S100A12 has recently been shown to predict future cardiovascular events in a longitudinal population study, underscoring a role for S100A12 as a potential biomarker for coronary artery disease. Genetic ablation of S100A9 or RAGE in atherosclerosis-susceptible apolipoprotein E null mice results in reduced atherosclerosis. Importantly, S100A12 and the RAGE axis can be modified pharmacologically. For example, soluble RAGE reduces murine atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Additionally, a class of compounds currently in phase III clinical trials for multiple sclerosis and rheumatologic conditions, the quinoline-3-carboxamides, reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden and complexity in transgenic S100A12 apolipoprotein E null mice, but have not been tested with regards to human atherosclerosis. The RAGE axis is an important mediator for inflammation-induced atherosclerosis, and S100A12 has emerged as biomarker for human atherosclerosis. Decreasing inflammation by inhibiting S100/calgranulin-mediated activation of RAGE attenuates murine atherosclerosis, and future studies in patients with coronary artery disease are warranted to confirm S100/RAGE as therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Oesterle
- From the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL
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16
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Abstract
Total Health is a vision for the future and a strategy to prevent preventable disease, save lives, and make health care more affordable. Total Health means health of mind (behavior health) and health of body (physical health). To achieve Total Health we need healthy people in healthy communities. A behavior medicine specialist is a psychologist who works in the medical home with the primary care physician instead of in the Mental Health Department with a psychiatrist. The key to achieving Total Health will be to transform our current health care system from a focus on treating disease to a focus on preventing disease. This transformation will require complex behavior change interventions and services not usually provided in the medical home. The behavior medicine specialist will bring the knowledge and experience used to treat mental illness into the medical home to help the primary care physician improve the care of all patients in the medical home. The behavior medicine specialist will help improve outcomes in synergy with the primary care physician by universal screening of high-risk diseases, stepped care protocols, and efficient use of all resources available to care for patients in the medical home (health education classes, wellness coaches, and online social networking lifestyle management programs). These interventions should increase patient satisfaction, increase access to specialty care (psychiatry), and help us achieve Total Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Tuso
- Care Management Institute Physician Lead for Total Health.
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17
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Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lund E. Whole-Blood Gene Expression Profiles in Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies: What Do They Tell? Curr Nutr Rep 2015; 4:377-386. [PMID: 26568898 PMCID: PMC4639574 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In nutrigenomics, gene expression profiling is used to investigate transcriptional mechanisms associated with nutrients and diet. Blood samples collected in the framework of dietary interventions and epidemiological studies allow the use of humans as the model system, as opposed to using cell lines or animal models. Here, we review recent publications in the field of gene expression profiling, based on a systematic literature search focusing on studies from the last 5 years and including studies that investigated either single nutrients, foods, food groups, or dietary patterns. Findings highlight the role of inflammatory processes as key mediators of the association between diet and disease and point to the relevance of using blood as the target tissue in nutrigenomics. However, recurring challenges include study design issues, practical and statistical challenges, and biological interpretation of the results. Many of the published studies have small sample size, and given the nature of gene expression data, their conclusions have limited impact. These challenges should be addressed by future nutrigenomics studies in order to increase their relevance and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Ellsworth DL, Mamula KA, Blackburn HL, McDyer FA, Jellema GL, van Laar R, Costantino NS, Engler RJM, Vernalis MN. Importance of substantial weight loss for altering gene expression during cardiovascular lifestyle modification. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1312-9. [PMID: 25960328 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between weight loss through changes in lifestyle and peripheral blood gene expression profiles. METHODS A prospective nonrandomized trial was conducted over 1 year in participants undergoing intensive lifestyle modification to reverse or stabilize progression of coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and gene expression as a function of weight loss were assessed in 89 lifestyle participants and 71 retrospectively matched controls undergoing usual care. RESULTS Substantial weight loss (-15.2 ± 3.8%) in lifestyle participants (n = 33) was associated with improvement in selected cardiovascular risk factors and significant changes in peripheral blood gene expression from pre- to post-intervention: 132 unique genes showed significant expression changes (false discovery rate corrected P-value <0.05 and fold-change ≥1.4). Altered molecular pathways were related to immune function and inflammatory responses involving endothelial activation. In contrast, participants losing minimal weight (-3.1 ± 2.5%, n = 32) showed only minor changes in cardiovascular risk factors and markers of inflammation and no changes in gene expression compared to non intervention controls after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss (≥10%) during lifestyle modification is associated with down-regulation of genetic pathways governing interactions between circulating immune cells and the vascular endothelium and may be required to successfully reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell L Ellsworth
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly A Mamula
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather L Blackburn
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan van Laar
- Bioinformatics Department, ChipDX LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas S Costantino
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renata J M Engler
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marina N Vernalis
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Filsoof DM, Safford RE, Newby K, Rosenberg S, Kontras DG, Baker A, Odunukan OW, Fletcher G. Impact of exercise stress testing on diagnostic gene expression in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115:1346-50. [PMID: 25776454 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A blood-based gene expression test can diagnose obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The test is sensitive to inflammatory and immune processes associated with atherosclerosis. Acute exercise engages short-term inflammatory pathways, and exercise stress testing may affect results of gene expression testing during the same diagnostic workup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on diagnostic gene expression testing. Ten patients with obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis) and 10 with no/minimal CAD (≤20% stenosis) were identified by angiography. Blood samples for gene expression were obtained at baseline, peak exercise, 30 to 60 minutes after testing, and 24 to 36 hours after testing. Core-lab gene expression analysis yielded raw gene expression scores (GES) for each time point. Linear models were used to estimate changes in GES, adjusting for CAD status and other covariates. GES increased during peak exercise across both genders, with no significant differences as a function of CAD status. The overall adjusted mean GES increase at peak exercise was 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.36; p <0.001). GES after exercise were not significantly different from baseline. The change in gene expression levels during peak exercise may reflect a transient inflammatory response to acute exercise that may be independent of patient gender or CAD status. In conclusion, CAD GES increase at peak exercise testing and rapidly return to baseline. Such may reflect a transient inflammatory response to acute exercise independent of gender or extent of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Filsoof
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Robert E Safford
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kristin Newby
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Dana G Kontras
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | | | - Gerald Fletcher
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
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Blackburn HL, McErlean S, Jellema GL, van Laar R, Vernalis MN, Ellsworth DL. Gene expression profiling during intensive cardiovascular lifestyle modification: Relationships with vascular function and weight loss. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 4:50-3. [PMID: 26484175 PMCID: PMC4536023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease and related sequelae are a leading cause of death and healthcare expenditure throughout the world. Although many patients opt for surgical interventions, lifestyle modification programs focusing on nutrition and exercise have shown substantial health benefits and are becoming increasing popular. We conducted a year-long lifestyle modification program to mediate cardiovascular risk through traditional risk factors and to investigate how molecular changes, if present, may contribute to long-term risk reduction. Here we describe the lifestyle intervention, including clinical and molecular data collected, and provide details of the experimental methods and quality control parameters for the gene expression data generated from participants and non-intervention controls. Our findings suggest successful and sustained modulation of gene expression through healthy lifestyle changes may have beneficial effects on vascular health that cannot be discerned from traditional risk factor profiles. The data are deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus, series GSE46097 and GSE66175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Blackburn
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marina N. Vernalis
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Darrell L. Ellsworth
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
- Corresponding author at: Windber Research Institute, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963, USA. Tel.: + 1 814 361 6911.
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21
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Tuso P, Stoll SR, Li WW. A plant-based diet, atherogenesis, and coronary artery disease prevention. Perm J 2014; 19:62-7. [PMID: 25431999 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/14-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A plant-based diet is increasingly becoming recognized as a healthier alternative to a diet laden with meat. Atherosclerosis associated with high dietary intake of meat, fat, and carbohydrates remains the leading cause of mortality in the US. This condition results from progressive damage to the endothelial cells lining the vascular system, including the heart, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In addition to genetic factors associated with endothelial dysfunction, many dietary and other lifestyle factors, such as tobacco use, high meat and fat intake, and oxidative stress, are implicated in atherogenesis. Polyphenols derived from dietary plant intake have protective effects on vascular endothelial cells, possibly as antioxidants that prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Recently, metabolites of L-carnitine, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, that result from ingestion of red meat have been identified as a potential predictive marker of coronary artery disease (CAD). Metabolism of L-carnitine by the intestinal microbiome is associated with atherosclerosis in omnivores but not in vegetarians, supporting CAD benefits of a plant-based diet. Trimethylamine-N-oxide may cause atherosclerosis via macrophage activation. We suggest that a shift toward a plant-based diet may confer protective effects against atherosclerotic CAD by increasing endothelial protective factors in the circulation while reducing factors that are injurious to endothelial cells. The relative ratio of protective factors to injurious endothelial exposure may be a novel approach to assessing an objective dietary benefit from a plant-based diet. This review provides a mechanistic perspective of the evidence for protection by a plant-based diet against atherosclerotic CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Tuso
- Physician Leader for Total Health in Southern California.
| | | | - William W Li
- President and Medical Director of the Angiogenesis Foundation of the Institute for Advance Studies in Cambridge, MA.
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22
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Biological and analytical stability of a peripheral blood gene expression score for obstructive coronary artery disease in the PREDICT and COMPASS studies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:615-22. [PMID: 25119856 PMCID: PMC4185104 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A gene expression score (GES) for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) has been validated in two multicenter studies. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of the GES on an expanded Personalized Risk Evaluation and Diagnosis in the Coronary Tree (PREDICT) cohort (NCT no. 00500617) with CAD defined by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) or clinical reads yielded similar performance (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.70, N = 1,502) to the original validation cohort (AUC = 0.70, N = 526). Analysis of 138 non-Caucasian and 1,364 Caucasian patients showed very similar performance (AUCs = 0.72 vs. 0.70). To assess analytic stability, stored samples of the original validation cohort (N = 526) was re-tested after 5 years, and the mean score changed from 20.3 to 19.8 after 5 years (N = 501, 95 %). To assess patient scores over time, GES was determined on samples from 173 Coronary Obstruction Detection by Molecular Personalized Gene Expression (COMPASS) study (NCT no. 01117506) patients at approximately 1 year post-enrollment. Mean scores increased slightly from 15.9 to 17.3, corresponding to a 2.5 % increase in obstructive CAD likelihood. Changes in cardiovascular medications did not show a significant change in GES.
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