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Manyari DE, Bhagirath K. Routine Stress Testing After Revascularisation: A Class III Recommendation? Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1525-1527. [PMID: 37549808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dante E Manyari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Cardiology Department, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Kapil Bhagirath
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Cardiology Department, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
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Liga R, Gimelli A. Risk stratification of patients with INOCA: is perfusion PET imaging the game winner? J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1118-1120. [PMID: 36542218 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Liga
- Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Kini V, Parks M, Liu W, Waldo SW, Ho PM, Bradley SM, Hess PL. Patient Symptoms and Stress Testing After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2217704. [PMID: 35727581 PMCID: PMC9214585 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Up to 60% of patients in the US receive a stress test within 2 years of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), prompting concerns about the possible overuse of stress testing. OBJECTIVE To examine the proportion of patients who underwent stress testing within 2 years of elective PCI, proportion of patients who had symptoms that were consistent with coronary artery disease (CAD), timing of stress testing, and site-level variation in stress testing among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used administrative claims data and clinical records from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking program. Patients who underwent stress testing within 2 years of elective PCI for stable CAD between November 1, 2013, and October 31, 2015, at 64 VA facilities were included in the analysis. Patients who received stress testing for staging purposes, cardiac rehabilitation evaluation, or preoperative testing before high-risk surgery were excluded. Data were analyzed from June to December 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the proportion of patients who underwent stress testing and had symptoms that were consistent with obstructive CAD, using definitions from the 2013 clinical practice guideline (Multimodality Appropriate Use Criteria for the Detection and Risk Assessment of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease). Secondary outcomes were the timing of stress testing (assessed using a cumulative incidence curve) and site-level variation in stress testing (assessed using multilevel logistic regression models). RESULTS A total of 3705 consecutive patients (mean [SD] age 66.3 [7.6] years; 3656 men [98.7%]; 437 Black individuals [11.8%], 3175 White individuals [85.7%], and 93 individuals [2.5%] of other races and ethnicities [Asian, Hispanic or Latinx, or unknown]) had elective PCI. Of these patients, 916 (24.7%) received a stress test within 2 years, among whom 730 (79.7%) had symptoms that were consistent with obstructive CAD at the time of stress testing. Visual inspection of a cumulative incidence curve for stress testing showed no rapid increases in stress testing at 6 months or 1 year after PCI, which might coincide with routine clinical visits. The proportion of symptomatic patients who underwent stress testing at each VA site ranged from 67.7% to 100%, with no significant site-level variation in stress testing. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that most veterans who underwent stress testing within 2 years after elective PCI had symptoms that were consistent with obstructive CAD. Therefore, measuring low-value stress testing using only administrative claims data may overestimate its prevalence, and concerns about overuse of post-PCI stress testing may be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kini
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Monica Parks
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora
| | - Stephen W. Waldo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora
- Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking Program, Veterans Health Administration Office of Quality and Patient Safety, Washington, DC
| | - P. Michael Ho
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora
| | | | - Paul L. Hess
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora
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Kjelle E, Andersen ER, Krokeide AM, Soril LJJ, van Bodegom-Vos L, Clement FM, Hofmann BM. Characterizing and quantifying low-value diagnostic imaging internationally: a scoping review. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:73. [PMID: 35448987 PMCID: PMC9022417 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources is a common problem, constituting 10-34% of health services spending in the western world. Even though diagnostic imaging is vital for identifying correct diagnoses and administrating the right treatment, low-value imaging-in which the diagnostic test confers little to no clinical benefit-is common and contributes to inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources. There is a lack of knowledge on the types and extent of low-value imaging. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify, characterize, and quantify the extent of low-value diagnostic imaging examinations for adults and children. METHODS A scoping review of the published literature was performed. Medline-Ovid, Embase-Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from 2010 to September 2020. The search strategy was built from medical subject headings (Mesh) for Diagnostic imaging/Radiology OR Health service misuse/Medical overuse OR Procedures and Techniques Utilization/Facilities and Services Utilization. Articles in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, or Norwegian were included. RESULTS A total of 39,986 records were identified and, of these, 370 studies were included in the final synthesis. Eighty-four low-value imaging examinations were identified. Imaging of atraumatic pain, routine imaging in minor head injury, trauma, thrombosis, urolithiasis, after thoracic interventions, fracture follow-up and cancer staging/follow-up were the most frequently identified low-value imaging examinations. The proportion of low-value imaging varied between 2 and 100% inappropriate or unnecessary examinations. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive list of identified low-value radiological examinations for both adults and children are presented. Future research should focus on reasons for low-value imaging utilization and interventions to reduce the use of low-value imaging internationally. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42020208072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Kjelle
- Institute for the Health Sciences, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) at Gjøvik, NTNU Gjøvik, Postbox 191, 2802, Gjøvik, Norway.
| | - Eivind Richter Andersen
- Institute for the Health Sciences, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) at Gjøvik, NTNU Gjøvik, Postbox 191, 2802, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Arne Magnus Krokeide
- Institute for the Health Sciences, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) at Gjøvik, NTNU Gjøvik, Postbox 191, 2802, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Lesley J J Soril
- Department of Community Health Sciences and The Health Technology Assessment Unit, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Leti van Bodegom-Vos
- Medical Decision Making, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona M Clement
- Department of Community Health Sciences and The Health Technology Assessment Unit, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Bjørn Morten Hofmann
- Institute for the Health Sciences, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) at Gjøvik, NTNU Gjøvik, Postbox 191, 2802, Gjøvik, Norway
- Centre of Medical Ethics, The University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1130, 0318, Oslo, Norway
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Dhoot A, Liu S, Savu A, Cheema ZM, Welsh RC, Bainey KR, Ko DT, Bhavnani SP, Goodman SG, Kaul P, Bagai A. Cardiac Stress Testing After Coronary Revascularization. Am J Cardiol 2020; 136:9-14. [PMID: 32946857 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Unless prompted by symptoms or change in clinical status, the appropriate use criteria consider cardiac stress testing (CST) within 2 years of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 5 years of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to be rarely appropriate. Little is known regarding use and yield of CST after PCI or CABG. We studied 39,648 patients treated with coronary revascularization (29,497 PCI; 10,151 CABG) between April 2004 and March 2012 in Alberta, Canada. Frequency of CST between 60 days and 2 years after revascularization was determined from linked provincial databases. Yield was defined as subsequent rates of coronary angiography and revascularization after CST. Post PCI, 14,195 (48.1%) patients underwent CST between 60 days and 2 years, while post CABG, 4,469 (44.0%) patients underwent CST. Compared with patients not undergoing CST, patients undergoing CST were more likely to be of younger age, reside in an urban area, have higher neighborhood median household income, but less medical comorbidities. Among PCI patients undergoing CST, 5.2% underwent subsequent coronary angiography, and 2.6% underwent repeat revascularization within 60 days of CST. Rates of coronary angiography and repeat revascularization post-CST among CABG patients were 3.6% and 1.1%, respectively. Approximately one-half of patients undergo CST within 2 years of PCI or CABG in Alberta, Canada. Yield of CST is low, with only 1 out of 38 tested post-PCI patients and 1 out of 91 tested post-CABG patients undergoing further revascularization. In conclusion, additional research is required to determine patients most likely to benefit from CST after revascularization.
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Shaw LJ, Blankstein R, Brown DL, Dhruva SS, Douglas PS, Genders TS, Gibbons RJ, Greenwood JP, Kwong R, Leipsic J, Mahmarian JJ, Maron D, Nagel E, Nicol E, Nieman K, Pellikka PA, Redberg RF, Weir-McCall J, Williams MC, Chandrasekhar Y. Controversies in Diagnostic Imaging of Patients With Suspected Stable and Acute Chest Pain Syndromes. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:1254-1278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jubran A, Willemink MJ, Nieman K. Coronary CT in Patients with a History of PCI or CABG: Helpful or Harmful? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hammadah M, Kim JH, Tahhan AS, Kindya B, Liu C, Ko YA, Al Mheid I, Wilmot K, Ramadan R, Alkhoder A, Choudhary F, Gafeer MM, Abdelhadi N, Pimple P, Sandesara P, Lima BB, Shah AJ, Ward L, Kutner M, Bremner JD, Sheps DS, Raggi P, Sperling LS, Vaccarino V, Quyyumi AA. Use of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin for the Exclusion of Inducible Myocardial Ischemia: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:751-760. [PMID: 30398528 PMCID: PMC6942174 DOI: 10.7326/m18-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are routinely referred for surveillance stress testing despite recommendations against it. OBJECTIVE To determine whether low levels of resting high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) can identify persons without inducible myocardial ischemia. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING A university-affiliated hospital network. PATIENTS Persons with stable CAD: 589 in the derivation group and 118 in the validation cohort. MEASUREMENTS Presence of inducible myocardial ischemia was determined by myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m single-photon emission computed tomography during either treadmill or pharmacologic stress testing. Resting plasma hs-cTnI was measured within 1 week of the stress test, and the negative predictive value (NPV) for inducible ischemia was calculated. The derivation cohort was followed for 3 years for incident cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction. RESULTS In the derivation cohort, 10 of 101 patients with an hs-cTnI level below 2.5 pg/mL had inducible myocardial ischemia (NPV, 90% [95% CI, 83% to 95%]) and 3 of 101 had inducible ischemia involving at least 10% of the myocardium (NPV, 97% [CI, 92% to 99%]). In the validation cohort, 4 of 32 patients with an hs-cTnI level below 2.5 pg/mL had inducible ischemia (NPV, 88% [CI, 71% to 96%]) and 2 of 32 had ischemia of 10% or greater (NPV, 94% [CI, 79% to 99%]). After a median follow-up of 3 years in the derivation cohort, no adverse events occurred in patients with an hs-cTnI level below 2.5 pg/mL, compared with 33 (7%) cardiovascular deaths or incident myocardial infarctions among those with an hs-cTnI level of 2.5 pg/mL or greater. LIMITATION The data may not be applicable to a population without known CAD or to persons with unstable angina, and the modest sample sizes warrant further validation in a larger cohort. CONCLUSION Very low hs-cTnI levels may be useful in excluding inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with stable CAD. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hammadah
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Ayman Samman Tahhan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Bryan Kindya
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.K., P.P., L.W., M.K.)
| | - Ibhar Al Mheid
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Kobina Wilmot
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Ronnie Ramadan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Ayman Alkhoder
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Fahad Choudhary
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Mohamad Mazen Gafeer
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Naser Abdelhadi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Pratik Pimple
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.K., P.P., L.W., M.K.)
| | - Pratik Sandesara
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Bruno B Lima
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Amit J Shah
- Emory University School of Medicine and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.J.S., V.V.)
| | - Laura Ward
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.K., P.P., L.W., M.K.)
| | - Michael Kutner
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.K., P.P., L.W., M.K.)
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - David S Sheps
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (D.S.S.)
| | - Paolo Raggi
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (P.R.)
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Emory University School of Medicine and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.J.S., V.V.)
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (M.H., J.H.K., A.S.T., B.K., C.L., I.A., K.W., R.R., A.A., F.C., M.M.G., N.A., P.S., B.B.L., J.D.B., L.S.S., A.A.Q.)
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Bagai A, Eberg M, Koh M, Cheema AN, Yan AT, Dhoot A, Bhavnani SP, Wijeysundera HC, Bhatia RS, Kaul P, Goodman SG, Ko DT. Population-Based Study on Patterns of Cardiac Stress Testing After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018; 10:CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003660. [PMID: 29017997 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate use criteria considers cardiac stress testing within 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to be rarely appropriate, unless prompted by symptoms or change in clinical status. Little is known about the patterns of cardiac stress testing after PCI in the single-payer Canadian healthcare system, where mechanisms for reimbursement are different from the United States. METHODS AND RESULTS Frequency and timing of cardiac stress testing within 2 years of PCI performed between April 2004 and March 2013 in Ontario, Canada, was determined from linked provincial databases. Subsequent rates of coronary angiography and revascularization after stress testing were ascertained. Of the 112 691 patients with PCI, 67 442 (59.8%) underwent at least 1 stress test, with 38 267 (34.0%) undergoing repeat stress testing (ie, >1 stress test) within 2 years. Patients who underwent stress testing were younger, had less medical comorbidities, were more likely to reside in urban areas, and had higher incomes. Spikes in incidence of repeat stress testing were observed at 3 to 4 months, 6 to 7 months, and 12 to 13 months after the prior stress test. Of those tested, only 5.9% underwent subsequent coronary angiography, and only 3.1% underwent repeat revascularization within 60 days of stress testing. CONCLUSIONS More than half of all patients undergo cardiac stress testing within 2 years of PCI, with one third undergoing repeat stress tests. Only 1 of 30 tested patients underwent repeat revascularization. These findings reinforce the appropriate use criteria recommendations against routine stress testing after PCI. Further work is needed to aid with the selection of patients most likely to benefit from stress testing after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bagai
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.).
| | - Maria Eberg
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Maria Koh
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Asim N Cheema
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Andrew T Yan
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Arti Dhoot
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Sanjeev P Bhavnani
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Harindra C Wijeysundera
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - R Sacha Bhatia
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Padma Kaul
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
| | - Dennis T Ko
- From the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B.); Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.B., A.N.C., A.T.Y., A.D., S.G.G.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E., M.K., H.C.W., D.T.K.); Division of Cardiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Institute, San Diego, CA (S.P.B.); Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.C.W., D.T.K.); Peter Munk Cardiac Center of the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.B.); and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K., S.G.G.)
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Luca SR, Koh M, Qiu F, Alter DA, Bagai A, Bhatia RS, Czarnecki A, Goodman SG, Lau C, Wijeysundera HC, Ko DT. Stress testing after percutaneous coronary interventions: a population-based study. CMAJ Open 2017; 5:E417-E423. [PMID: 28559388 PMCID: PMC5498181 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20160159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine stress testing is commonly used after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to detect in-stent restenosis or suboptimal procedure results; however, recent studies suggest that such testing is rarely indicated. Our main objectives were to assess temporal trends in utilization of stress testing and to determine factors associated with its use. METHODS We conducted an observational study involving all patients who had undergone PCI in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 2004, to Mar. 31, 2012. The main outcome was stress testing within 2 years after PCI. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to determine factors associated with the use of stress tests. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 128 380 patients who underwent PCI procedures. The 2-year rate of stress testing declined significantly, from 68.1% among patients who underwent PCI in 2004 to 60.4% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Similar reductions were observed regardless of patients' risk of restenosis and type of stent received. Patients who were older or had diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, heart failure or other comorbidities were significantly less likely to undergo stress testing. In contrast, patients with higher income and those whose PCI was performed in a nonteaching hospital were significantly more likely to undergo stress testing. INTERPRETATION We observed a decrease in the use of stress testing after PCI procedures over time. However, stress tests were not performed in accordance with patients' higher baseline risk of adverse outcomes or risk of restenosis. Instead, many nonclinical factors, such as patients' socioeconomic status and hospitals' teaching status, were associated with higher use of stress tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simina R Luca
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Maria Koh
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Feng Qiu
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - David A Alter
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Akshay Bagai
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - R Sacha Bhatia
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Andrew Czarnecki
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Ching Lau
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Harindra C Wijeysundera
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
| | - Dennis T Ko
- Affiliations: Department of Medicine (Luca), University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Koh, Qiu, Alter, Bhatia, Czarnecki, Wijeysundera, Ko); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (Alter), University Health Network; Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre (Bagai, Goodman), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto; Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care (Bhatia); Schulich Heart Centre (Czarnecki, Lau, Wijeysundera, Ko), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto; Canadian Heart Research Centre (Goodman), Toronto, Ont
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