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McGrath A, McHale S, Hanson CL, McLelland C, Hamilton DF. Completeness of intervention reporting in randomised trials of technology-enabled remote or hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review using the TIDieR framework. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:4350-4358. [PMID: 37899659 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2274887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes and quality of life. Technology-enabled delivery of remote cardiac rehabilitation is as effective in improving health outcomes as in-person delivery and has the potential to transform clinical service delivery. However, for the successful translation of research to clinical practice, interventions must be adequately reported in the literature. METHODS Systematic review of MedLine, CINAHL, PubMed and SPORT Discus databases applying PRISMA guidance. Randomised controlled trials of remote or hybrid technology-enabled exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation interventions were included. Completeness of reporting was evaluated against the TIDieR checklist. RESULTS The search strategy returned 162 articles which, following screening, resulted in 12 randomised trials being included containing data for 1588 participants. No trial fully reported their rehabilitation intervention as per the 12-item TIDieR checklist, with a median score of eight out of 12 categories. Notably, intervention detail, dosage and modification were comparatively poorly reported. CONCLUSION Technology-enabled remotely delivered cardiac rehabilitation may be effective at improving cardiovascular fitness; however, the quality of reporting of these interventions in randomised trials is insufficient for replication which has material implications for translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife McGrath
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sheona McHale
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Coral L Hanson
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin McLelland
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- MAHD National Sports Academy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David F Hamilton
- Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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Kenny E, Coyne R, McEvoy JW, McSharry J, Taylor RS, Byrne M. Behaviour change techniques and intervention characteristics in digital cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:189-228. [PMID: 36892523 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2185653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that digitally delivered cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is likely to be an effective alternative to centre-based CR. However, there is limited understanding of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention characteristics included in digital CR programmes. This systematic review aimed to identify the BCTs and intervention characteristics that have been used in digital CR programmes, and to study those associated with effective programmes. Twenty-five randomised controlled trials were included in the review. Digital CR was associated with significant improvements in daily steps, light physical activity, medication adherence, functional capacity, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol when compared to usual care, and produced effects on these outcomes comparable to centre-based CR. The evidence for improved quality of life was mixed. Interventions that were effective at improving behavioural outcomes frequently employed BCTs relating to feedback and monitoring, goals and planning, natural consequences, and social support. Completeness of reporting on the TIDieR checklist across studies ranged from 42% to 92%, with intervention material descriptions being the most poorly reported item. Digital CR appears effective at improving outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. The integration of certain BCTs and intervention characteristics may lead to more effective interventions, however better intervention reporting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eanna Kenny
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rory Coyne
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - John W McEvoy
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jenny McSharry
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rod S Taylor
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Molly Byrne
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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Kourek C, Dimopoulos S. Cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery: An important underutilized treatment strategy. World J Cardiol 2024; 16:67-72. [PMID: 38456068 PMCID: PMC10915886 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity remains in high levels after cardiac surgery, reaching up to 50%. Patients present a significant loss of functional capacity, with prominent muscle weakness after cardiac surgery due to anesthesia, surgical incision, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and mechanical ventilation that affects their quality of life. These complications, along with pulmonary complications after surgery, lead to extended intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay and significant mortality rates. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation, this treatment strategy still remains broadly underutilized in patients after cardiac surgery. Prehabilitation and ICU early mobilization have been both showed to be valid methods to improve exercise tolerance and muscle strength. Early mobilization should be adjusted to each patient's functional capacity with progressive exercise training, from passive mobilization to more active range of motion and resistance exercises. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing remains the gold standard for exercise capacity assessment and optimal prescription of aerobic exercise intensity. During the last decade, recent advances in healthcare technology have changed cardiac rehabilitation perspectives, leading to the future of cardiac rehabilitation. By incorporating artificial intelligence, simulation, telemedicine and virtual cardiac rehabilitation, cardiac surgery patients may improve adherence and compliance, targeting to reduced hospital readmissions and decreased healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kourek
- Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15772, Greece
| | - Stavros Dimopoulos
- Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens 17674, Greece
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, 1 Critical Care Medicine Department, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10676, Greece.
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Fuda MR, Patel P, Van Es J, Mosleh K, Cullen K, Lonn E, Schwalm J, Crawshaw J. "Comfort of Sitting at Home While Getting Information I Needed": Experiences of Cardiac Patients Attending Virtual Cardiac Rehabilitation. CJC Open 2024; 6:133-138. [PMID: 38585680 PMCID: PMC10994965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, several health care services, including cardiac rehabilitation (CR), had to transition to virtual delivery, for which formal evaluations are lacking. In this pilot study, we investigated the implementation of a virtual CR program by surveying 30 patients attending virtual CR. Virtual CR was well received, although patients provided recommendations to improve delivery such as offering individual sessions and changing how education materials were delivered. Virtual delivery of CR likely has a role in health care, either independently or as part of a hybrid model; however, further evaluation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Fuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pooja Patel
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Van Es
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Mosleh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evidence-Based Implementation, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Cullen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evidence-Based Implementation, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Lonn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evidence-Based Implementation, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J.D. Schwalm
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evidence-Based Implementation, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Crawshaw
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evidence-Based Implementation, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Antoniou V, Kapreli E, Davos CH, Batalik L, Pepera G. Safety and long-term outcomes of remote cardiac rehabilitation in coronary heart disease patients: A systematic review. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241237661. [PMID: 38533308 PMCID: PMC10964460 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241237661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically review the safety and the long-term mortality and morbidity risk-rates of the remotely-delivered cardiac rehabilitation (RDCR) interventions in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Methods The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023455471). Five databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, Cinahl and Web of Science) were reviewed from January 2012 up to August 2023. Inclusion criteria were: (a) randomized controlled trials, (b) RDCR implementation of at least 12 weeks duration, (c) assessment of safety, rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) and re-hospitalization incidences at endpoints more than 6 months. Three reviewers independently performed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results 14 studies were identified involving 2012 participants and a range of RDCR duration between 3 months to 1 year. The incidence rate of exercise-related SAEs was estimated at 1 per 53,770 patient-hours of RDCR exercise. A non-statistically significant reduction in the re-hospitalization rates and the days lost due to hospitalization was noticed in the RDCR groups. There were no exercise-related deaths. The overall study quality was of low risk. Conclusions RDCR can act as a safe alternative delivery mode of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The low long-term rates of reported SAEs and re-hospitalization incidences of the RDCR could enhance the uptake rates of CR interventions. However, further investigation is needed in larger populations and longer assessment points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsamo Antoniou
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Eleni Kapreli
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ladislav Batalik
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Garyfallia Pepera
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
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de Moel-Mandel C, Lynch C, Issaka A, Braver J, Zisis G, Carrington MJ, Oldenburg B. Optimising the implementation of digital-supported interventions for the secondary prevention of heart disease: a systematic review using the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1347. [PMID: 38049862 PMCID: PMC10694952 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mHealth technologies are now widely utilised to support the delivery of secondary prevention programs in heart disease. Interventions with mHealth included have shown a similar efficacy and safety to conventional programs with improvements in access and adherence. However, questions remain regarding the successful wider implementation of digital-supported programs. By applying the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to a systematic review and meta-analysis, this review aims to evaluate the extent to which these programs report on RE-AIM dimensions and associated indicators. METHODS This review extends our previous systematic review and meta-analysis that investigated the effectiveness of digital-supported programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Citation searches were performed on the 27 studies of the systematic review to identify linked publications that reported data for RE-AIM dimensions. All included studies and, where relevant, any additional publications, were coded using an adapted RE-AIM extraction tool. Discrepant codes were discussed amongst reviewers to gain consensus. Data were analysed to assess reporting on indicators related to each of the RE-AIM dimensions, and average overall reporting rates for each dimension were calculated. RESULTS Searches found an additional nine publications. Across 36 publications that were linked to the 27 studies, 24 (89%) of the studies were interventions solely delivered at home. The average reporting rates for RE-AIM dimensions were highest for effectiveness (75%) and reach (67%), followed by adoption (54%), implementation (36%) and maintenance (11%). Eleven (46%) studies did not describe relevant characteristics of their participants or of staff involved in the intervention; most studies did not describe unanticipated consequences of the intervention; the ongoing cost of intervention implementation and maintenance; information on intervention fidelity; long-term follow-up outcomes, or program adaptation in other settings. CONCLUSIONS Through the application of the RE-AIM framework to a systematic review we found most studies failed to report on key indicators. Failing to report these indicators inhibits the ability to address the enablers and barriers required to achieve optimal intervention implementation in wider settings and populations. Future studies should consider alternative hybrid trial designs to enable reporting of implementation indicators to improve the translation of research evidence into routine practice, with special consideration given to the long-term sustainability of program effects as well as corresponding ongoing costs. REGISTRATION PROSPERO-CRD42022343030.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Lynch
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ayuba Issaka
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Braver
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgios Zisis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda J Carrington
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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7
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Clark AM, Sousa BJ, Ski CF, Redfern J, Neubeck L, Allana S, Peart A, MacDougall D, Thompson DR. Main Mechanisms of Remote Monitoring Programs for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2023; 43:412-418. [PMID: 37890176 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this report was to identify the main mechanisms of home-based remote monitoring programs for cardiac rehabilitation (RM CR) and examine how these mechanisms vary by context. METHODS This was a systematic review using realist synthesis. To be included, articles had to be published in English between 2010 and November 2020 and contain specific data related to mechanisms of effect of programs. MEDLINE All (1946-) via Ovid, Embase (1974-) via Ovid, APA PsycINFO (1806-), CINAHL via EBSCO, Scopus databases, and gray literature were searched. RESULTS From 13 747 citations, 91 focused on cardiac conditions, with 23 reports including patients in CR. Effective RM CR programs more successfully adapted to different patient home settings and broader lives, incorporated individualized patient health data, and had content designed specifically for patients in cardiac rehabilitation. Relatively minor but common technical issues could significantly reduce perceived benefits. Patients and families were highly receptive to the programs and viewed themselves as fortunate to receive such services. The RM CR programs could be improved via incorporating more connectivity to other patients. No clear negative effects on perceived utility or outcomes occurred by patient age, ethnicity, or sex. Overall, the programs were seen to best suit highly motivated patients and consolidated rather than harmed existing relationships with health care professionals and teams. CONCLUSIONS Remote monitoring CR programs are perceived by patients to be beneficial and attractive. Future RM CR programs should consider adaptability to different home settings, incorporate individualized health data, and contain content specific to patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Clark
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Edmonton, Canada (Dr Clark); Office of the Provost and VP Academic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Ms Sousa); Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, England (Dr Ski); Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Dr Redfern); School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland (Dr Neubeck); School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (Dr Allana), Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ms Peart); Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Canada (Ms MacDougall); and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Dr Thompson)
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8
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McDonagh ST, Dalal H, Moore S, Clark CE, Dean SG, Jolly K, Cowie A, Afzal J, Taylor RS. Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 10:CD007130. [PMID: 37888805 PMCID: PMC10604509 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007130.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally. Traditionally, centre-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes are offered to individuals after cardiac events to aid recovery and prevent further cardiac illness. Home-based and technology-supported cardiac rehabilitation programmes have been introduced in an attempt to widen access and participation, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This is an update of a review previously published in 2009, 2015, and 2017. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of home-based (which may include digital/telehealth interventions) and supervised centre-based cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and morbidity, exercise-capacity, health-related quality of life, and modifiable cardiac risk factors in patients with heart disease SEARCH METHODS: We updated searches from the previous Cochrane Review by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) on 16 September 2022. We also searched two clinical trials registers as well as previous systematic reviews and reference lists of included studies. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials that compared centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (e.g. hospital, sports/community centre) with home-based programmes (± digital/telehealth platforms) in adults with myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, or who had undergone revascularisation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened all identified references for inclusion based on predefined inclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by involving a third review author. Two authors independently extracted outcome data and study characteristics and assessed risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included three new trials in this update, bringing a total of 24 trials that have randomised a total of 3046 participants undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. A further nine studies were identified and are awaiting classification. Manual searching of trial registers until 16 September 2022 revealed a further 14 clinical trial registrations - these are ongoing. Participants had a history of acute myocardial infarction, revascularisation, or heart failure. Although there was little evidence of high risk of bias, a number of studies provided insufficient detail to enable assessment of potential risk of bias; in particular, details of generation and concealment of random allocation sequencing and blinding of outcome assessment were poorly reported. No evidence of a difference was seen between home- and centre-based cardiac rehabilitation in our primary outcomes up to 12 months of follow-up: total mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 2.16; participants = 1647; studies = 12/comparisons = 14; low-certainty evidence) or exercise capacity (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.10, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.04; participants = 2343; studies = 24/comparisons = 28; low-certainty evidence). The majority of evidence (N=71 / 77 comparisons of either total or domain scores) showed no significant difference in health-related quality of life up to 24 months follow-up between home- and centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. Trials were generally of short duration, with only three studies reporting outcomes beyond 12 months (exercise capacity: SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.23; participants = 1074; studies = 3; moderate-certainty evidence). There was a similar level of trial completion (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.08; participants = 2638; studies = 22/comparisons = 26; low-certainty evidence) between home-based and centre-based participants. The cost per patient of centre- and home-based programmes was similar. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This update supports previous conclusions that home- (± digital/telehealth platforms) and centre-based forms of cardiac rehabilitation formally supported by healthcare staff seem to be similarly effective in improving clinical and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients after myocardial infarction, or revascularisation, or with heart failure. This finding supports the continued expansion of healthcare professional supervised home-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes (± digital/telehealth platforms), especially important in the context of the ongoing global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that has much limited patients in face-to-face access of hospital and community health services. Where settings are able to provide both supervised centre- and home-based programmes, consideration of the preference of the individual patient would seem appropriate. Although not included in the scope of this review, there is an increasing evidence base supporting the use of hybrid models that combine elements of both centre-based and home-based cardiac rehabilitation delivery. Further data are needed to determine: (1) whether the short-term effects of home/digital-telehealth and centre-based cardiac rehabilitation models of delivery can be confirmed in the longer term; (2) the relative clinical effectiveness and safety of home-based programmes for other heart patients, e.g. post-valve surgery and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Tj McDonagh
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Hasnain Dalal
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christopher E Clark
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah G Dean
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aynsley Cowie
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, University Hospital Crosshouse, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Kilmarnock, UK
| | | | - Rod S Taylor
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Su JJ, Liu JYW, Cheung DSK, Wang S, Christensen M, Kor PPK, Tyrovolas S, Leung AYM. Long-term effects of e-Health secondary prevention on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 22:562-574. [PMID: 36695341 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the well-documented short-to-medium-term effectiveness of e-Health (electronic health) secondary prevention interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is limited empirical evidence regarding long-term effectiveness. This review aims to evaluate the long-term effects of e-Health secondary prevention interventions on the health outcomes of patients with CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from 1990 to May 2022. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of e-Health secondary prevention on health outcomes of CVD patients that collected endpoint data at ≥ 12 months were included. RevMan 5.3 was used for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis. Ten trials with 1559 participants were included. Data pooling suggested that e-Health programmes have significantly reduced LDL cholesterol [n = 6; SMD = -0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.38, -0.14), I2 = 17%, P < 0.001]; systolic blood pressure [n = 5; SMD = -0.46, 95% CI: (-0.84, -0.08), I2 = 90%, P = 0.02]; and re-hospitalization, reoccurrence, and mortality [risk ratio = 0.36, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.77), I2 = 0%, P = 0.009]. Effects on behavioural modification, physiological outcomes of body weight and blood glucose, and quality of life were inconclusive. CONCLUSION e-Health secondary prevention is effective in improving long-term management of risk factors and reducing the reoccurrence of cardiac events in patients with CVD. Results are inconclusive for behaviour modification and quality of life. Exploring, implementing, and strengthening strategies in e-Health secondary prevention programmes that focus on maintaining behaviour changes and enhancing psychosocial elements should be undertaken. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022300551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Su
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- World Health Organization for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Justina Yat Wa Liu
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Daphne Sze Ki Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- World Health Organization for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Martin Christensen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Pui Kin Kor
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- World Health Organization for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- World Health Organization for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Yee Man Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- World Health Organization for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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10
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Ben-Tzur D, Sabovich S, Hutzler Y, Rimon J, Zach S, Epstein M, Vadasz B, Diniz CV, Nabutovsky I, Klempfner R, Eilat-Adar S, Gabizon I, Menachemi DM, Grosman-Rimon L. Advances in Technology Promote Patient-Centered Care in Cardiac Rehabilitation. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00144. [PMID: 37607080 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centered health care (PCC) is a framework of clinical care focused on the patient's individual health care needs. In particular, it emphasizes the development of a partnership between the patient, physician, and healthcare workers to actively involve and empower the patient in their health care decisions. Additionally, PCC goals include ensuring access to care, emotional support, engaging patient support systems, physical comfort, and continuity of care. Technology also provides a platform to engage patients and their families in their care and can be a useful tool to gauge their level of interest, knowledge, and motivations to adequately educate them on the many factors that contribute to their disease, including diet, exercise, medication adherence, psychological support, and early symptom detection. In this article, we summarize the importance of technology in promoting PCC in cardiac rehabilitation and the impact technology may have on the different aspects of patient and physician relationships. Modern technological devices including smartphones, tablets, wearables, and other internet-enabled devices have been shown to help patient-staff communication, cater to patients' individual needs, increase access to health care, and implement aspects of PCC domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ben-Tzur
- From the The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Solomon Sabovich
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeshayahu Hutzler
- School of Graduate Studies, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Jordan Rimon
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sima Zach
- School of Graduate Studies, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Maor Epstein
- Department of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Brian Vadasz
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Camilla V Diniz
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Nabutovsky
- Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Robert Klempfner
- Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Institute, Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Sigal Eilat-Adar
- School of Graduate Studies, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Itzhak Gabizon
- Department of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Doron M Menachemi
- Internal Medicine and Heart Failure Services, Wolfson UMC Holon, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Liza Grosman-Rimon
- School of Graduate Studies, Levinsky-Wingate Academic College, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
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11
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Zhong W, Liu R, Cheng H, Xu L, Wang L, He C, Wei Q. Longer-Term Effects of Cardiac Telerehabilitation on Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e46359. [PMID: 37505803 PMCID: PMC10422170 DOI: 10.2196/46359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac telerehabilitation offers a flexible and accessible model for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), effectively transforming the traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) approach. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of cardiac telerehabilitation. METHODS We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 7 electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WANFANG. The primary outcome focused on cardiopulmonary fitness. For secondary outcomes, we examined cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, BMI, and serum lipids), psychological scales of depression and anxiety, quality of life (QoL), cardiac telerehabilitation adherence, and adverse events. RESULTS In total, 10 RCTs fulfilled the predefined criteria, which were reviewed in our meta-analysis. The results showed that after cardiac telerehabilitation, there was a significant difference in the improvement in long-term peak oxygen uptake compared to center-based CR (mean difference [MD] 1.61, 95% CI 0.38-2.85, P=.01), particularly after 6-month rehabilitation training (MD 1.87, 95% CI 0.34-3.39, P=.02). The pooled effect size of the meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the reduction in cardiovascular risk factor control. There was also no practical demonstration of anxiety scores or depression scores. However, cardiac telerehabilitation demonstrated an improvement in the long-term QoL of patients (MD 0.92, 95% CI 0.06-1.78, P=.04). In addition, the study reported a high completion rate (80%) for cardiac telerehabilitation interventions. The incidence of adverse events was also low during long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac telerehabilitation proves to be more effective in improving cardiopulmonary fitness and QoL during the long-term follow-up for patients with CAD. Our study highlights monitoring-enabled and patient-centered telerehabilitation programs, which play a vital role in the recovery and development of CAD and in the long-term prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxin Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Barnett A, Wright C, Stone C, Ho NY, Adhyaru P, Kostjasyn S, Hickman IJ, Campbell KL, Mayr HL, Kelly JT. Effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health to adults with chronic conditions: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 36:632-656. [PMID: 36504462 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health interventions may facilitate management of chronic conditions; however, no reviews have systematically assessed the effectiveness of dietary interventions delivered by digital health platforms for improving dietary intake and clinical outcomes for adults with diet-related chronic conditions. METHODS Databases CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase and MEDLINE were searched from inception to April 2021 to identify controlled trials for dietary education delivered by digital health (mobile or electronic health) to adults with diet-related chronic conditions. Random effects analysis was performed for diet quality, food groups, nutrients and clinical outcomes. Screening, data extraction and quality checking were completed in duplicate. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were included involving 7333 participants. Significant changes were found for Mediterranean diet adherence score (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18 to 1.40), overall fruit and vegetable intake (mean difference [MD]: 0.63 serves/day; 95% CI = 0.27-0.98), fruit intake alone (MD = 0.58 serves/day; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.77) and sodium intake (SMD = -0.22; 95% CI = -0.44 to -0.01). Improvements were also found for waist circumference [MD = -2.24 centimetres; 95% CI = -4.14 to -0.33], body weight (MD = -1.94 kg; 95% CI = -2.63 to -1.24) and haemoglobin A1c (MD = -0.17%; 95% CI = -0.29 to -0.04). Validity of digital assessment tools to measure dietary intake were not reported. The quality of evidence was considered to have low to moderate certainty. CONCLUSIONS Modest improvements in diet and clinical outcomes may result from intervention via digital health for those with diet-related chronic conditions. However, additional robust trials with better reporting of digital dietary assessment tools are needed to support implementation within clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Barnett
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Charlene Wright
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine Stone
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nok Yin Ho
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Pooja Adhyaru
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Kostjasyn
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Healthcare Excellence and Innovation, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah L Mayr
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jaimon T Kelly
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Isakadze N, Molello N, MacFarlane Z, Gao Y, Spaulding EM, Commodore Mensah Y, Marvel FA, Khoury S, Marine JE, Michos ED, Spragg D, Berger RD, Calkins H, Cooper LA, Martin SS. The Virtual Inclusive Digital Health Intervention Design to Promote Health Equity (iDesign) Framework for Atrial Fibrillation: Co-design and Development Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e38048. [DOI: 10.2196/38048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Smartphone ownership and mobile app use are steadily increasing in individuals of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds living in the United States. Growing adoption of technology creates a perfect opportunity for digital health interventions to increase access to health care. To successfully implement digital health interventions and engage users, intervention development should be guided by user input, which is best achieved by the process of co-design. Digital health interventions co-designed with the active engagement of users have the potential to increase the uptake of guideline recommendations, which can reduce morbidity and mortality and advance health equity.
Objective
We aimed to co-design a digital health intervention for patients with atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with patient, caregiver, and clinician feedback and to describe our approach to human-centered design for building digital health interventions.
Methods
We conducted virtual meetings with patients with atrial fibrillation (n=8), their caregivers, and clinicians (n=8). We used the following 7 steps in our co-design process: step 1, a virtual meeting focused on defining challenges and empathizing with problems that are faced in daily life by individuals with atrial fibrillation and clinicians; step 2, a virtual meeting focused on ideation and brainstorming the top challenges identified during the first meeting; step 3, individualized onboarding of patients with an existing minimally viable version of the atrial fibrillation app; step 4, virtual prototyping of the top 3 ideas generated during ideation; step 5, further ranking by the study investigators and engineers of the ideas that were generated during ideation but were not chosen as top-3 solutions to be prototyped in step 4; step 6, ongoing engineering work to incorporate top-priority features in the app; and step 7, obtaining further feedback from patients and testing the atrial fibrillation digital health intervention in a pilot clinical study.
Results
The top challenges identified by patients and caregivers included addressing risk factor modification, medication adherence, and guidance during atrial fibrillation episodes. Challenges identified by clinicians were complementary and included patient education, addressing modifiable atrial fibrillation risk factors, and remote atrial fibrillation episode management. Patients brainstormed more than 30 ideas to address the top challenges, and the clinicians generated more than 20 ideas. Ranking of the ideas informed several novel or modified features aligned with the Theory of Health Behavior Change, features that were geared toward risk factor modification; patient education; rhythm, symptom, and trigger correlation for remote atrial fibrillation management; and social support.
Conclusions
We co-designed an atrial fibrillation digital health intervention in partnership with patients, caregivers, and clinicians by virtually engaging in collaborative creation through the design process. We summarize our experience and describe a flexible approach to human-centered design for digital health intervention development that can guide innovative clinical investigators.
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14
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Kuan PX, Chan WK, Fern Ying DK, Rahman MAA, Peariasamy KM, Lai NM, Mills NL, Anand A. Efficacy of telemedicine for the management of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e676-e691. [PMID: 36028290 PMCID: PMC9398212 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine has been increasingly integrated into chronic disease management through remote patient monitoring and consultation, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting effectiveness of telemedicine interventions for the management of patients with cardiovascular conditions. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from database inception to Jan 18, 2021. We included randomised controlled trials and observational or cohort studies that evaluated the effects of a telemedicine intervention on cardiovascular outcomes for people either at risk (primary prevention) of cardiovascular disease or with established (secondary prevention) cardiovascular disease, and, for the meta-analysis, we included studies that evaluated the effects of a telemedicine intervention on cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors. We excluded studies if there was no clear telemedicine intervention described or if cardiovascular or risk factor outcomes were not clearly reported in relation to the intervention. Two reviewers independently assessed and extracted data from trials and observational and cohort studies using a standardised template. Our primary outcome was cardiovascular-related mortality. We evaluated study quality using Cochrane risk-of-bias and Newcastle-Ottawa scales. The systematic review and the meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021221010) and the Malaysian National Medical Research Register (NMRR-20-2471-57236). FINDINGS 72 studies, including 127 869 participants, met eligibility criteria, with 34 studies included in meta-analysis (n=13 269 with 6620 [50%] receiving telemedicine). Combined remote monitoring and consultation for patients with heart failure was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular-related mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0·83 [95% CI 0·70 to 0·99]; p=0·036) and hospitalisation for a cardiovascular cause (0·71 [0·58 to 0·87]; p=0·0002), mostly in studies with short-term follow-up. There was no effect of telemedicine on all-cause hospitalisation (1·02 [0·94 to 1·10]; p=0·71) or mortality (0·90 [0·77 to 1·06]; p=0·23) in these groups, and no benefits were observed with remote consultation in isolation. Small reductions were observed for systolic blood pressure (mean difference -3·59 [95% CI -5·35 to -1·83] mm Hg; p<0·0001) by remote monitoring and consultation in secondary prevention populations. Small reductions were also observed in body-mass index (mean difference -0·38 [-0·66 to -0·11] kg/m2; p=0·0064) by remote consultation in primary prevention settings. INTERPRETATION Telemedicine including both remote disease monitoring and consultation might reduce short-term cardiovascular-related hospitalisation and mortality risk among patients with heart failure. Future research should evaluate the sustained effects of telemedicine interventions. FUNDING The British Heart Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xuan Kuan
- Digital Health Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weng Ken Chan
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Aizuddin Abdul Rahman
- Digital Health Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kalaiarasu M Peariasamy
- Digital Health Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Atul Anand
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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Breast cancer survivors’ physical activity and experiences while transitioning to a virtual cardiovascular rehabilitation program during a pandemic (COVID-19). Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:7575-7586. [PMID: 35674791 PMCID: PMC9174444 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all cancers among Canadian females. Despite successes of decreased mortality, adverse treatment effects, such as cardiotoxicity, contribute to a sedentary lifestyle and decreased quality of life. Physical activity (PA) is a possible therapy for the late effects; however, COVID-19 restricted access to in-person cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) programs. The purposes are as follows: (1) compare PA of breast cancer survivors’ in-person CR to virtual CR following a transition during COVID-19 and (2) compare the PA of the pandemic cohort to a matched cohort who had completed the program in 2018/2019; (3) explore survivors’ experiences of transitioning to and engaging in virtual CR. Mixed methods included analysis of CR PA data from a pandemic cohort (n = 18) and a 2018/2019 cohort (n = 18) and semi-structured focus group interviews with the pandemic cohort (n = 9) in the context of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. After the transition, there were no significant differences in mean activity duration, frequency, and cumulative activity (expressed as MET-minutes) (p > 0.05). However, variation of PA duration doubled following the transition from in-person to virtual (p = 0.029), while for the 2018/2019 cohort, variation remained unchanged. Focus groups revealed that women valued their CR experiences pre-COVID-19 and had feelings of anxiety during the transition. Perceived factors affecting participation were environmental, personal, and behavioural. Recommendations for virtual programs were to increase comradery, technology, and professional guidance. PA experiences during a transition to virtual care prompted by a pandemic vary among breast cancer survivors. Targeting individualised strategies and exercise prescriptions are important for improving PA programs and patient outcomes.
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16
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Morris A, Shah KS, Enciso JS, Hsich E, Ibrahim NE, Page R, Yancy C. HFSA Position Statement The Impact of Healthcare Disparities on Patients with Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2022; 28:1169-1184. [PMID: 35595161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) remains a condition associated with high morbidity, mortality, and associated costs. Although the number of medical and device-based therapies available to treat HF are expanding at a remarkable rate, disparities in the risk for incident HF and treatments delivered to patients are also of growing concern. These disparities span across racial and ethnic groups, socioeconomic status, and apply across the spectrum of HF from Stage A to Stage D. The complexity of HF risk and treatment is further impacted by the number of patients who experience the downstream impact of social determinants of health. The purpose of this document is to highlight the known healthcare disparities that exist in the care of patients with HF, and to provide a context for how clinicians and researchers should assess both biologic and social determinants of HF risk in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, this document will provide a framework for future steps that can be utilized to help diminish inequalities in access and clinical outcomes over time, and offer solutions to help reduce disparities within HF care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Page
- 1462 Clifton Road Suite 504, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Clyde Yancy
- 1462 Clifton Road Suite 504, Atlanta GA 30322
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17
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Does Connected Health Technology Improve Health-Related Outcomes in Rural Cardiac Populations? Systematic Review Narrative Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042302. [PMID: 35206493 PMCID: PMC8871734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Individuals living in rural areas are more likely to experience cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and have increased barriers to regular physical activity in comparison to those in urban areas. This systematic review aimed to understand the types and effects of home-based connected health technologies, used by individuals living in rural areas with CVD. The inclusion criteria included technology deployed at the participant’s home and could be an mHealth (smart device, fitness tracker or app) or telehealth intervention. Nine electronic databases were searched across the date range January 1990–June 2021. A total of 207 full texts were screened, of which five studies were included, consisting of 603 participants. Of the five studies, four used a telehealth intervention and one used a form of wearable technology. All interventions which used a form of telehealth found a reduction in overall healthcare utilisation, and one study found improvements in CVD risk factors. Acceptability of the technologies was mixed, in some studies barriers and challenges were cited. Based on the findings, there is great potential for implementing connected health technologies, but due to the low number of studies which met the inclusion criteria, further research is required within rural areas for those living with cardiovascular disease.
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18
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Buyting R, Melville S, Chatur H, White CW, Légaré JF, Lutchmedial S, Brunt KR. Virtual Care With Digital Technologies for Rural Canadians Living With Cardiovascular Disease. CJC Open 2022; 4:133-147. [PMID: 35198931 PMCID: PMC8843960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Canada is a wealthy nation with a geographically diverse population, seeking health innovations to better serve patients in accordance with the Canada Health Act. In this country, population and geography converge with social determinants, policy, procurement regulations, and technological advances with the goal to achieve equity in the management and distribution of health care. Rural and remote patients are a vulnerable population; when managing chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, there is currently inequity to accessing specialist physicians at the recommended frequency-increasing the likelihood of poor health outcomes. Ensuring equitable care for this population is an unrealized priority of several provincial and federal government mandates. Virtual care technology might provide practical, economical, and innovative solutions to remedy this discrepancy. We conducted a scoping review of the literature pertaining to the use of virtual care technologies to monitor patients living in rural areas of Canada with cardiovascular disease. A search strategy was developed to identify the literature specific to this context across 3 bibliographic databases. Two hundred thirty-two unique citations were ultimately assessed for eligibility, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria. In our assessment of these articles, we provide a summary of the interventions studied, their reported effectiveness in reducing adverse events and mortality, the challenges to implementation, and the receptivity of these technologies among patients, providers, and policy-makers. Furthermore, we glean insight into the barriers and opportunities to ensure equitable care for rural patients and conclude that there is an ongoing need for clinical trials on virtual care technologies in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Buyting
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Horizon Health Network, CardioVascular Research New Brunswick (CVR-NB), Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sarah Melville
- Division of Cardiology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Horizon Health Network, CardioVascular Research New Brunswick (CVR-NB), Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Hanif Chatur
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Christopher W. White
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Horizon Health Network, CardioVascular Research New Brunswick (CVR-NB), Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jean-François Légaré
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Horizon Health Network, CardioVascular Research New Brunswick (CVR-NB), Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sohrab Lutchmedial
- Division of Cardiology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Horizon Health Network, CardioVascular Research New Brunswick (CVR-NB), Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Keith R. Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Lee M, Wood T, Chan S, Marziali E, Tang T, Banner D, Lear SA. Cardiac rehabilitation program: An exploration of patient experiences and perspectives on program dropout. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2022; 19:56-63. [PMID: 35040245 PMCID: PMC9303891 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) are effective evidence‐based secondary prevention programs that reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, participation remains suboptimal, resulting in under‐treatment and greater risk for recurrent cardiac events. Understanding the reasons behind CRP dropout is urgently needed to inform the development of programs that best meet patient needs and support sustained engagement. Aims The aim of this study was to identify and understand factors impacting CRP dropout from the patient perspective. Methods A qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was undertaken to examine the experience of 23 patients who dropped out of a CRP within a large urban hospital in British Columbia, Canada. Data were coded, analyzed using the constant comparison technique, and organized thematically. Results Participants described multiple challenges when attempting to complete CRP. Analysis of the data led to the identification of three main categories: (1) challenges living with CVD, (2) perceived advantages and disadvantages of CRP, and (3) unmet needs during CRP. Linking evidence to action In the practice setting, assessment of readiness to engage in CRP, alongside patient preferences and engagement needs, should be undertaken for maximum CRP uptake and completion. Providing diverse modes of CRP delivery, along with exploring the impact of virtual options as compared to traditional in‐person programs, will further advance the CRP evidence and may help address pervasive access barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lee
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy Wood
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sammy Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elsa Marziali
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tricia Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Davina Banner
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott A Lear
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Ramachandran HJ, Jiang Y, Teo JYC, Yeo TJ, Wang W. Technology Acceptance of Home-Based Cardiac Telerehabilitation Programs in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Systematic Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e34657. [PMID: 34994711 PMCID: PMC8783276 DOI: 10.2196/34657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An understanding of the technology acceptance of home-based cardiac telerehabilitation programs is paramount if they are to be designed and delivered to target the needs and preferences of patients with coronary heart disease; however, the current state of technology acceptance of home-based cardiac telerehabilitation has not been systematically evaluated in the literature. Objective We aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of home-based cardiac telerehabilitation technology acceptance in terms of (1) the timing and approaches used and (2) patients’ perspectives on its usability, utility, acceptability, acceptance, and external variables. Methods We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus (inception to July 2021) for English-language papers that reported empirical evidence on the technology acceptance of early-phase home-based cardiac telerehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease. Content analysis was undertaken. Results The search identified 1798 studies, of which 18 studies, with 14 unique home-based cardiac telerehabilitation programs, met eligibility criteria. Technology acceptance (of the home-based cardiac telerehabilitation programs) was mostly evaluated at intra- and posttrial stages using questionnaires (n=10) and usage data (n=11). The least used approach was evaluation through qualitative interviews (n=3). Usability, utility, acceptability, and acceptance were generally favored. External variables that influenced home-based cardiac telerehabilitation usage included component quality, system quality, facilitating conditions, and intrinsic factors. Conclusions Home-based cardiac telerehabilitation usability, utility, acceptability, and acceptance were high; yet, a number of external variables influenced acceptance. Findings and recommendations from this review can provide guidance for developing and evaluating patient-centered home-based cardiac telerehabilitation programs to stakeholders and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadassah Joann Ramachandran
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yi Claire Teo
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tee Joo Yeo
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Alfaraidhy MA, Regan C, Forman DE. Cardiac rehabilitation for older adults: current evidence and future potential. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:13-34. [PMID: 35098848 PMCID: PMC8858649 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2035722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth of the older adult demographic has resulted in an increased number of older patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in combination with comorbid diseases and geriatric syndromes. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is utilized to promote recovery and improve outcomes, but remains underutilized, particularly by older adults. CR provides an opportunity to address the distinctive needs of older adults, with focus on CVD as well as geriatric domains that often dominate management and outcomes. AREAS COVERED Utility of CR for CVD in older adults as well as pertinent geriatric syndromes (e.g. multimorbidity, frailty, polypharmacy, cognitive decline, psychosocial stress, and diminished function) that affect CVD management. EXPERT OPINION Mounting data substantiate the importance of CR as part of recovery for older adults with CVD. The application of CR as a standard therapy is especially important as the combination of CVD and geriatric syndromes catalyzes functional decline and can trigger progressive clinical deterioration and dependency. While benefits of CR for older adults with CVD are already evident, further reengineering of CR is necessary to better address the needs of older candidates who may be frail, especially as remote and hybrid formats of CR are becoming more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Alfaraidhy
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University School of Medicine, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Claire Regan
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Cardiology), Section of Geriatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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22
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The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Lipid Levels in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Heart 2022; 17:83. [PMID: 36578919 PMCID: PMC9717003 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multidisciplinary medical program. Most studies have emphasized the effect of exercise-based CR in lowering lipid levels; however, the effect of CR as a comprehensive program on lipid levels remains unclear. Methods Electronic database were searched up to 2022. Randomized controlled trials with lipid profile indicators were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were used to evaluate the effect size. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test were used to assess publication bias. Results CR remarkably reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (SMD = -0.23; 95%CI: [-0.38, -0.08]; P < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) levels (SMD = -0.17; 95%CI: [-0.28, -0.06]; P < 0.001), and total cholesterol (TC) levels (SMD = -0.30; 95%CI: [-0.43, -0.16]; P < 0.001) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (SMD = 0.19; 95%CI: [0.10, 0.29]; P < 0.001). Conclusions CR reduce TC, TG, and LDL-C levels while improving HDL-C levels. CR should be promoted and more trials should be conducted for long-term CR.
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23
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Dibben G, Faulkner J, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Zwisler AD, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 11:CD001800. [PMID: 34741536 PMCID: PMC8571912 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001800.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death globally. However, with falling CHD mortality rates, an increasing number of people living with CHD may need support to manage their symptoms and prognosis. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) aims to improve the health and outcomes of people with CHD. This is an update of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2016. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of exercise-based CR (exercise training alone or in combination with psychosocial or educational interventions) compared with 'no exercise' control, on mortality, morbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with CHD. SEARCH METHODS We updated searches from the previous Cochrane Review, by searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and two other databases in September 2020. We also searched two clinical trials registers in June 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise-based interventions with at least six months' follow-up, compared with 'no exercise' control. The study population comprised adult men and women who have had a myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or have angina pectoris, or coronary artery disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We screened all identified references, extracted data and assessed risk of bias according to Cochrane methods. We stratified meta-analysis by duration of follow-up: short-term (6 to 12 months); medium-term (> 12 to 36 months); and long-term ( > 3 years), and used meta-regression to explore potential treatment effect modifiers. We used GRADE for primary outcomes at 6 to 12 months (the most common follow-up time point). MAIN RESULTS: This review included 85 trials which randomised 23,430 people with CHD. This latest update identified 22 new trials (7795 participants). The population included predominantly post-MI and post-revascularisation patients, with a mean age ranging from 47 to 77 years. In the last decade, the median percentage of women with CHD has increased from 11% to 17%, but females still account for a similarly small percentage of participants recruited overall ( < 15%). Twenty-one of the included trials were performed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Overall trial reporting was poor, although there was evidence of an improvement in quality over the last decade. The median longest follow-up time was 12 months (range 6 months to 19 years). At short-term follow-up (6 to 12 months), exercise-based CR likely results in a slight reduction in all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 to 1.04; 25 trials; moderate certainty evidence), a large reduction in MI (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93; 22 trials; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 75, 95% CI 47 to 298; high certainty evidence), and a large reduction in all-cause hospitalisation (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.77; 14 trials; NNTB 12, 95% CI 9 to 21; moderate certainty evidence). Exercise-based CR likely results in little to no difference in risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.14; 15 trials; moderate certainty evidence), CABG (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.27; 20 trials; high certainty evidence), and PCI (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.19; 13 trials; moderate certainty evidence) up to 12 months' follow-up. We are uncertain about the effects of exercise-based CR on cardiovascular hospitalisation, with a wide confidence interval including considerable benefit as well as harm (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.59; low certainty evidence). There was evidence of substantial heterogeneity across trials for cardiovascular hospitalisations (I2 = 53%), and of small study bias for all-cause hospitalisation, but not for all other outcomes. At medium-term follow-up, although there may be little to no difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.02; 15 trials), MI (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.27; 12 trials), PCI (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.35; 6 trials), CABG (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.23; 9 trials), and all-cause hospitalisation (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.03; 9 trials), a large reduction in cardiovascular mortality was found (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.93; 5 trials). Evidence is uncertain for difference in risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.12; 3 trials). At long-term follow-up, although there may be little to no difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.10), exercise-based CR may result in a large reduction in cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.78; 8 trials) and MI (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.90; 10 trials). Evidence is uncertain for CABG (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.27; 4 trials), and PCI (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.20; 3 trials). Meta-regression showed benefits in outcomes were independent of CHD case mix, type of CR, exercise dose, follow-up length, publication year, CR setting, study location, sample size or risk of bias. There was evidence that exercise-based CR may slightly increase HRQoL across several subscales (SF-36 mental component, physical functioning, physical performance, general health, vitality, social functioning and mental health scores) up to 12 months' follow-up; however, these may not be clinically important differences. The eight trial-based economic evaluation studies showed exercise-based CR to be a potentially cost-effective use of resources in terms of gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This updated Cochrane Review supports the conclusions of the previous version, that exercise-based CR provides important benefits to people with CHD, including reduced risk of MI, a likely small reduction in all-cause mortality, and a large reduction in all-cause hospitalisation, along with associated healthcare costs, and improved HRQoL up to 12 months' follow-up. Over longer-term follow-up, benefits may include reductions in cardiovascular mortality and MI. In the last decade, trials were more likely to include females, and be undertaken in LMICs, increasing the generalisability of findings. Well-designed, adequately-reported RCTs of CR in people with CHD more representative of usual clinical practice are still needed. Trials should explicitly report clinical outcomes, including mortality and hospital admissions, and include validated HRQoL outcome measures, especially over longer-term follow-up, and assess costs and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Dibben
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Faulkner
- Faculty Health and Wellbeing, School of Sport, Health and Community, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Neil Oldridge
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen Rees
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ann-Dorthe Zwisler
- REHPA, The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rod S Taylor
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve functional status, quality of life, and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Despite its demonstrated compelling benefits and guideline recommendation, CR is underutilized, and there are significant disparities in CR utilization particularly by race, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence and drivers of these disparities and recommend potential solutions. METHODS In this review, key studies documenting disparities in CR referrals, enrollment, and completion are discussed. Additionally, potential mechanisms for these disparities are summarized and strategies are reviewed for addressing them. SUMMARY There is a wealth of literature demonstrating disparities among racial and ethnic minorities, women, those with lower income and education attainment, and those living in rural and dense urban areas. However, there was minimal focus on how the social determinants of health contribute to the observed disparities in CR utilization in many of the studies reviewed. Interventions such as automatic referrals, inpatient liaisons, mitigation of economic barriers, novel delivery mechanisms, community partnerships, and health equity metrics to incentivize health care organizations to reduce care disparities are potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Mathews
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - LaPrincess C. Brewer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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25
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Lam J, Ahmad K, Gin K, Chow CM. Deliver Cardiac Virtual Care (CVC) - A Primer for Cardiovascular Professionals in Canada. CJC Open 2021; 4:148-157. [PMID: 34661090 PMCID: PMC8502077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, with its need for distancing, has necessitated the use of virtual care in never-before-seen volumes. This review article aims to provide a primer on virtual care for cardiovascular professionals in Canada. The technology to facilitate remote patient interactions is already available, but barriers exist. Adequate and effective cardiac virtual care must be further developed given the need for rapid evaluation and close ongoing follow-up of patients, as seen in the areas of management of heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, electrophysiology, and hypertension. Many Canadian organizations have published resources to assist health care providers and patients navigate the unfamiliar virtual care landscape. Although there are concerns surrounding issues such as patient privacy, access to technology, language discrepancies, and billing, these deficits provide opportunities for growth by health care organizations and technology companies. The integration of virtual care, home-based devices, and disruptive technologies emphasize the trend toward virtualization of health care, with the potential for greater personalization of health care interactions and continuity of care. Funding models were rapidly developed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and although some provinces have deemed these changes as permanent, the status from other provinces remains unknown. The foundations to support virtual care as a key modality for health care delivery in Canada have been built, and further developments may strengthen its viability as a long-term option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Lam
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamran Ahmad
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Gin
- Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chi-Ming Chow
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Ramachandran HJ, Jiang Y, Tam WWS, Yeo TJ, Wang W. Effectiveness of home-based cardiac telerehabilitation as an alternative to Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:1017-1043. [PMID: 34254118 PMCID: PMC8344786 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw the suspension of centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) and has underscored the need for home-based cardiac telerehabilitation (HBCTR) as a feasible alternative rehabilitation delivery model. Yet, the effectiveness of HBCTR as an alternative to Phase 2 CBCR is unknown. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively appraise the effectiveness of HBCTR. Methods and results PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to January 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HBCTR to Phase 2 CBCR or usual care in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Out of 1588 studies, 14 RCTs involving 2869 CHD patients were included in this review. When compared with usual care, participation in HBCTR showed significant improvement in functional capacity {6-min walking test distance [mean difference (MD) 25.58 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.74–36.42]}; daily step count (MD 1.05 K, 95% CI 0.36–1.75) and exercise habits [odds ratio (OR) 2.28, 95% CI 1.30–4.00)]; depression scores (standardized MD −0.16, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.01) and quality of life [Short-Form mental component summary (MD 2.63, 95% CI 0.06–5.20) and physical component summary (MD 1.99, 95% CI 0.83–3.16)]. Effects on medication adherence were synthesized narratively. HBCTR and CBCR were comparably effective. Conclusion In patients with CHD, HBCTR was associated with an increase in functional capacity, physical activity (PA) behaviour, and depression when compared with UC. When HBCTR was compared to CBCR, an equivalent effect on functional capacity, PA behaviour, QoL, medication adherence, smoking behaviour, physiological risk factors, depression, and cardiac-related hospitalization was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadassah Joann Ramachandran
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ying Jiang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Tee Joo Yeo
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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27
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Akinosun AS, Polson R, Diaz-Skeete Y, De Kock JH, Carragher L, Leslie S, Grindle M, Gorely T. Digital Technology Interventions for Risk Factor Modification in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e21061. [PMID: 33656444 PMCID: PMC7970167 DOI: 10.2196/21061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases are attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Despite widespread education, personal knowledge, and efficacy, many individuals fail to adequately modify these risk factors, even after a cardiovascular event. Digital technology interventions have been suggested as a viable equivalent and potential alternative to conventional cardiac rehabilitation care centers. However, little is known about the clinical effectiveness of these technologies in bringing about behavioral changes in patients with CVD at an individual level. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify and measure the effectiveness of digital technology (eg, mobile phones, the internet, software applications, wearables, etc) interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and determine which behavior change constructs are effective at achieving risk factor modification in patients with CVD. METHODS This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs designed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) statement standard. Mixed data from studies extracted from selected research databases and filtered for RCTs only were analyzed using quantitative methods. Outcome hypothesis testing was set at 95% CI and P=.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS Digital interventions were delivered using devices such as cell phones, smartphones, personal computers, and wearables coupled with technologies such as the internet, SMS, software applications, and mobile sensors. Behavioral change constructs such as cognition, follow-up, goal setting, record keeping, perceived benefit, persuasion, socialization, personalization, rewards and incentives, support, and self-management were used. The meta-analyzed effect estimates (mean difference [MD]; standard mean difference [SMD]; and risk ratio [RR]) calculated for outcomes showed benefits in total cholesterol SMD at -0.29 [-0.44, -0.15], P<.001; high-density lipoprotein SMD at -0.09 [-0.19, 0.00], P=.05; low-density lipoprotein SMD at -0.18 [-0.33, -0.04], P=.01; physical activity (PA) SMD at 0.23 [0.11, 0.36], P<.001; physical inactivity (sedentary) RR at 0.54 [0.39, 0.75], P<.001; and diet (food intake) RR at 0.79 [0.66, 0.94], P=.007. Initial effect estimates showed no significant benefit in body mass index (BMI) MD at -0.37 [-1.20, 0.46], P=.38; diastolic blood pressure (BP) SMD at -0.06 [-0.20, 0.08], P=.43; systolic BP SMD at -0.03 [-0.18, 0.13], P=.74; Hemoglobin A1C blood sugar (HbA1c) RR at 1.04 [0.40, 2.70], P=.94; alcohol intake SMD at -0.16 [-1.43, 1.10], P=.80; smoking RR at 0.87 [0.67, 1.13], P=.30; and medication adherence RR at 1.10 [1.00, 1.22], P=.06. CONCLUSIONS Digital interventions may improve healthy behavioral factors (PA, healthy diet, and medication adherence) and are even more potent when used to treat multiple behavioral outcomes (eg, medication adherence plus). However, they did not appear to reduce unhealthy behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol intake, and unhealthy diet) and clinical outcomes (BMI, triglycerides, diastolic and systolic BP, and HbA1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Samuel Akinosun
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Polson
- Highland Health Sciences Library, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Yohanca Diaz-Skeete
- School of Health and Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hendrikus De Kock
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Carragher
- School of Health and Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Stephen Leslie
- Cardiology Unit, Raigmore Hospital, NHS Highlands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Grindle
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Trish Gorely
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
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28
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Halldorsdottir H, Thoroddsen A, Ingadottir B. Impact of technology-based patient education on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors of people with coronary heart disease: A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:2018-2028. [PMID: 32595027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To collect evidence on what types of technology and content are most effective in helping people with coronary heart disease (CHD) to change their modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS A literature search was performed to find relevant studies published between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 in PubMed, CINAHL, PROQUEST and Scopus databases. Selected outcomes were risk factors (exercise, diet, blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, body mass index, tobacco use). The quality of the studies was evaluated according to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual Checklists for risk for bias, TIDieR for quality of interventions, and PRISMA statement for presenting results. RESULTS Eighteen quantitative (17 RCT´s and one quasi-experimental) studies were included. Patient education delivered through telephone, text messaging, webpages, and smartphone applications resulted in significant changes in some risk factors of people with CHD. Sufficient descriptions of the content and intervention methods were lacking. CONCLUSION Patient education delivered with technology can help people with CHD to modify their risk factors. There is a need for better descriptions of the content and delivery of educational interventions in studies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Patient education needs to be delivered with technological solutions that best support the multidimensional needs of CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulda Halldorsdottir
- Landspitali - the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Asta Thoroddsen
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynja Ingadottir
- Landspitali - the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Zhang C, Soliman-Hamad M, Robijns R, Verberkmoes N, Verstappen F, IJsselsteijn WA. Promoting Physical Activity With Self-Tracking and Mobile-Based Coaching for Cardiac Surgery Patients During the Discharge-Rehabilitation Gap: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16737. [PMID: 32812886 PMCID: PMC7468644 DOI: 10.2196/16737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Home-based cardiac rehabilitations (CRs) with digital technologies have been researched and implemented to replace, augment, and complement traditional center-based CR in recent years with considerable success. One problem that technology-enhanced home-based CR can potentially address is the gap between cardiac interventions and formal CR programs. In the Netherlands and some other countries (eg, Australia), patients after cardiac interventions stay at home for 3-4 weeks without much support from their physicians, and often engage in very little physical activity (PA). A home-based exercise program enabled by digital technologies may help patients to better prepare for the later center-based CR programs, potentially increasing the uptake rate of those programs. Objective In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we will evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based walking exercise program enhanced by self-tracking and mobile-based coaching (treatment condition), comparing it with a version of the same program without these technologies (control condition). The added value of the digital technologies is justified if patients in the treatment group walk more steps on average (primary outcome) and show better physical fitness in a bicycle ergometer test and higher self-efficacy toward PA (secondary outcomes). Methods Based on a power analysis, we will recruit 100 cardiac patients and assign them evenly to the 2 parallel groups. Eligible patients are those who are scheduled in the postanesthesia care unit, know the Dutch language, have basic literacy of using smartphones, and are without medical conditions that may increase risks associated with PA. In a face-to-face meeting with a nurse practitioner, all patients are prescribed a 3-week exercise program at home (2 walking exercises per day with increasing duration), based on national and international guidelines and tailored to their physical conditions after cardiac intervention. Their physical activities (daily steps) will be measured by the Axivity AX3 accelerometer worn at hip position. Patients in the treatment group will also be supported by a Neo Health One self-tracking device and a mobile platform called Heart Angel, through which they are monitored and coached by their nurses. After the study, all patients will perform a bicycle ergometer test and return the devices within 1 week. In addition, 5 questionnaires will be sent to the patients by emails to assess their self-efficacy toward PA and other psychological states for exploratory analyses (at discharge, at the end of each monitoring week, and 1 week after the study). To minimize bias, the randomization procedure will be performed after introducing the exercise program, so the nurse practitioners are blind to the experimental conditions until that point. Results The study protocol has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committees United on February 26, 2018 (NL 62142.100.17/R17.51). By the end of 2018, we completed a small pilot study with 8 patients and the results based on interviews and app usage data suggest that a larger clinical trial with the targeted population is feasible. We expect to complete the RCT by the end of 2021, and statistical analyses will follow. Conclusions Results of the RCT will help us to test the hypothesized benefits of self-tracking and mobile-based coaching for cardiac patients in home-based exercise programs during the discharge–rehabilitation gap. If the results are positive, cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed based on the insights of the study to inform the translation of the technology-enhanced program to clinical practice. We also note limitations of the trial in the discussion. Trial Registration Registered at Netherlands Trial Register NL8040; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8040 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16737
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Carvalho TD, Milani M, Ferraz AS, Silveira ADD, Herdy AH, Hossri CAC, Silva CGSE, Araújo CGSD, Rocco EA, Teixeira JAC, Dourado LOC, Matos LDNJD, Emed LGM, Ritt LEF, Silva MGD, Santos MAD, Silva MMFD, Freitas OGAD, Nascimento PMC, Stein R, Meneghelo RS, Serra SM. Brazilian Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Guideline - 2020. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:943-987. [PMID: 32491079 PMCID: PMC8387006 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tales de Carvalho
- Clínica de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiosport , Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
| | | | | | - Anderson Donelli da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Vitta Centro de Bem Estar Físico , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
| | - Artur Haddad Herdy
- Clínica de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiosport , Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
- Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
- Unisul: Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florianópolis , SC - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Oliveira Cascaes Dourado
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt
- Hospital Cárdio Pulmonar , Salvador , BA - Brasil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública , Salvador , BA - Brasil
| | | | - Mauro Augusto Dos Santos
- ACE Cardiologia do Exercício , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | - Pablo Marino Corrêa Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia , Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
| | - Ricardo Stein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
- Vitta Centro de Bem Estar Físico , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
| | - Romeu Sergio Meneghelo
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , SP - Brasil
| | - Salvador Manoel Serra
- Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro (IECAC), Rio de Janeiro , RJ - Brasil
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Baxter RD, Fann JI, DiMaio JM, Lobdell K. Digital Health Primer for Cardiothoracic Surgeons. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:364-372. [PMID: 32268139 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning demands for quality, safety, and value in cardiothoracic surgery, in combination with the advancement and acceleration of digital health solutions and information technology, provide a unique opportunity to improve efficiency and effectiveness simultaneously in cardiothoracic surgery. This primer on digital health explores and reviews data integration, data processing, complex modeling, telehealth with remote monitoring, and cybersecurity as they shape the future of cardiothoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D Baxter
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White, The Heart Hospital, Plano, Texas
| | - James I Fann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - J Michael DiMaio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White, The Heart Hospital, Plano, Texas
| | - Kevin Lobdell
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina.
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Su JJ, Yu DSF, Paguio JT. Effect of eHealth cardiac rehabilitation on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:754-772. [PMID: 31769527 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of eHealth cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients and to identify programme design, which may lead to more effective health benefits. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis following Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE, CLNAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails, PubMed and CNKI were searched over the period from 1806 to April 2019. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of eHealth CR on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients. We used RevMan 5.3 for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis and GRADE software for generating findings. RESULTS In all, 14 trials with 1,783 participants were included. eHealth CR has significantly promoted duration of physical activity, daily steps, quality of life (QoL) and re-hospitalization. Using comparative analysis of programme design elements, including mode of delivery, intervention content, motivational strategies and social support, between the effective and ineffective eHealth CR, it was found that comprehensive empowerment strategies and follow-up care by tele-monitoring may be the crucial characteristics leading to more favourable treatment effect. CONCLUSION eHealth CR is effective in engaging patients in active lifestyle, improving QoL and reducing re-hospitalization. Future research needs to test the effects of comprehensive CR programmes by incorporating empowerment strategies and tele-monitoring as active components. IMPACT eHealth has been increasingly applied to increase accessibility and uptake of CR. Integrative evidence to indicate its effects on health outcomes is lacking. This review identified its positive effects on some behavioural, psychosocial and health service use outcomes. Together with insights about which programme design elements may positively shape the outcomes, this review informs the role and practice of cardiovascular nurses in promoting evidence-based eHealth CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Su
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Doris Sau Fung Yu
- The School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Jenniffer Torralba Paguio
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
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Su JJ, Yu DSF. Effectiveness of eHealth cardiac rehabilitation on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:274. [PMID: 31783800 PMCID: PMC6884828 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) uptake and adherence remain sub-optimal despite the apparent health benefits of modifying healthy behavior and slowing disease progression. eHealth is the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for health. eHealth lifestyle interventions and disease management have emerged as modalities to enhance CR accessibility, enable an individualized progress page, and enrich real-time contact, video-based information, and technology monitored functionality. This study aims to develop a nurse-led eHealth cardiac rehabilitation (NeCR) intervention and investigate its effectiveness on coronary heart disease (CHD) patients' health outcomes. METHODS This single-blinded two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial will randomize 146 patients from the inpatient cardiovascular units of a hospital in Wuhan, China to receive either the NeCR or the usual care. The NeCR intervention uses a hybrid approach consisting of a brief face-to-face preparatory phase and an empowerment phase delivered by health technology. The preparatory phase aims at identifying self-care needs, developing a goal-oriented patient centered action plan, incorporating a peer support network and orientation to the use of the e-platform. The empowerment phase includes use of the multi-media interactive NeCR for promoting symptom management, monitoring lifestyle changes and offering psychological support. A tele-care platform is also integrated to enhance health care dialogue with health professionals and peer groups. The control group will receive the usual care. An evaluation of lifestyle behavioral changes, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular risk parameters, and unplanned health services use will be conducted at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-intervention. DISCUSSION This protocol proposes an individualized, comprehensive, and interactive NeCR delivered using a hybrid approach and guided by an empowerment model to optimize health outcomes of CHD patients. The intervention content and web-design is based on international health guidelines to improve credibility, comprehensibility and implementation. This study also proposes a new method of peer support in which the researcher shares participants' progress toward goal attainment with the peer group. Results of this research have the potential to increase accessibility and availability of CR, improve cardiac rehabilitation service development in China, and inform eHealth lifestyle interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800020411; Date of registration: December 28, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Su
- Faculty of Medicine, The Nethersole School of Nursing, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 601, Esther Lee building, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Doris Sau Fung Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, The Nethersole School of Nursing, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 601, Esther Lee building, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
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Kim C, Sung J, Lee JH, Kim WS, Lee GJ, Jee S, Jung IY, Rah UW, Kim BO, Choi KH, Kwon BS, Yoo SD, Bang HJ, Shin HI, Kim YW, Jung H, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Jung IH, Jung JS, Lee JY, Han JY, Han EY, Won YH, Han W, Baek S, Joa KL, Lee SJ, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Choi HE, Lee BJ, Kim S. Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea: Recommendations for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention after Acute Coronary Syndrome. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:1066-1111. [PMID: 31646772 PMCID: PMC6813162 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular (CV) disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of thirty-three authors-primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers CV mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine-Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine-Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Gyeonggi Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Goo Joo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine-Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chugnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Il Young Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine-Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chugnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ueon Woo Rah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Sun Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyung Ik Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoune Jung
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - In Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yu Hui Won
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woosik Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine-Kangwon Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Lim Joa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sook Joung Lee
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hee Eun Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Byeong Ju Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soon Kim
- Research Institute for Social Science, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim C, Sung J, Lee JH, Kim WS, Lee GJ, Jee S, Jung IY, Rah UW, Kim BO, Choi KH, Kwon BS, Yoo SD, Bang HJ, Shin HI, Kim YW, Jung H, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Jung IH, Jung JS, Lee JY, Han JY, Han EY, Won YH, Han W, Baek S, Joa KL, Lee SJ, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Choi HE, Lee BJ, Kim S. Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2019; 52:248-285. [PMID: 31404368 PMCID: PMC6687042 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2019.52.4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. METHODS This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors-primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. RESULTS CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. CONCLUSION Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine,
Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine–Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine–Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan,
Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
Korea
- Gyeonggi Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - Goo Joo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju,
Korea
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chugnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Il-Young Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chugnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Ueon Woo Rah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Byung Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Bum Sun Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju,
Korea
| | - Hyung-Ik Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Heeyoune Jung
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong,
Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | | | - In Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine,
Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Eun Young Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Yu Hui Won
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju,
Korea
| | - Woosik Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine–Kangwon Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Sook Joung Lee
- Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu,
Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan,
Korea
| | - Hee Eun Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Byeong-Ju Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Soon Kim
- Research Institute for Social Science, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul,
Korea
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Kayser JW, Cossette S, Côté J, Tanguay JF, Tremblay JF, Diodati JG, Bourbonnais A, Purden M, Juneau M, Terrier J, Dupuis J, Maheu-Cadotte MA, Fontaine G, Cournoyer D. A web-based tailored nursing intervention (TAVIE en m@rche) aimed at increasing walking after an acute coronary syndrome: Multicentre randomized trial. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2727-2741. [PMID: 31225667 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evaluate a web-based tailored nursing intervention, TAVIE en m@rche, on increasing daily steps after an acute coronary syndrome. DESIGN Parallel two-group multicentre randomized trial. METHODS An experimental group receiving TAVIE en m@rche, was compared to a control group receiving hyperlinks to public websites. Acute coronary syndrome patients who were insufficiently active were recruited from three coronary care units. Daily steps at 12 weeks were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included self-reported walking and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Exploratory outcomes were angina frequency, emergency department visits, hospitalizations and secondary prevention programme attendance. RESULTS Primary data were analysed for 39 participants. No significant effects were found. At 12 weeks 275.9 more daily steps and 1,464.3 more energy expenditure in MVPA were found in the experimental group relative to the control. No effects were found for angina frequency, emergency department visits, hospitalizations and secondary prevention programme attendance. CONCLUSION The lack of effect on our primary result may be explained by the intervention goal that was mismatched to the needs of our mostly sufficiently active sample at randomization, resulting in no meaningful change in daily steps. Although the non-significantly greater increase in self-reported MVPA may represent gains in health among the participants that accessed TAVIE en m@rche, this result should be interpreted with caution. IMPACT From 40%-60% of acute coronary syndrome patients self-report insufficient levels of physical activity. No effect was found on the primary outcome of daily steps. Although not significant, a greater increase in MVPA was found at 12 weeks. The primary outcome can be explained by most of the sample having attained the physical activity recommendation at randomization. Caution in interpreting the non-significant increase in MVPA is warranted due to attrition bias and statistical uncertainty. Future directions may consider the timing of randomization in relation to meeting the needs of insufficiently active acute coronary syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John William Kayser
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cossette
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Côté
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Tanguay
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Tremblay
- Integrated Health and Social Services Centres, l'Est de l'Île de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anne Bourbonnais
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret Purden
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Centre for Nursing Research, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Juneau
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Terrier
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fontaine
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Cournoyer
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Kim C, Sung J, Lee JH, Kim WS, Lee GJ, Jee S, Jung IY, Rah UW, Kim BO, Choi KH, Kwon BS, Yoo SD, Bang HJ, Shin HI, Kim YW, Jung H, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Jung IH, Jung JS, Lee JY, Han JY, Han EY, Won YH, Han W, Baek S, Joa KL, Lee SJ, Kim AR, Lee SY, Kim J, Choi HE, Lee BJ, Kim S. Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea. Ann Rehabil Med 2019; 43:355-443. [PMID: 31311260 PMCID: PMC6637050 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2019.43.3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and three additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. METHODS This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors-primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and two general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, three rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University School of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine–Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine–Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Gyeonggi Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Goo Joo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine–Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chugnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine–Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chugnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ueon Woo Rah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University School of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Sun Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui Je Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ik Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoune Jung
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - In Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University School of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gwangju-Jeonnam Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yu Hui Won
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University–Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woosik Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine–Kangwon Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sook Joung Lee
- Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital. College of Medicine, The Catholic university of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hee Eun Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Byeong-Ju Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soon Kim
- Research Institute for Social Science, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, Korea
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Jin K, Khonsari S, Gallagher R, Gallagher P, Clark AM, Freedman B, Briffa T, Bauman A, Redfern J, Neubeck L. Telehealth interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2019; 18:260-271. [PMID: 30667278 DOI: 10.1177/1474515119826510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation, an evidence-based CHD secondary prevention programme, remains underutilized. Telehealth may offer an innovative solution to overcome barriers to cardiac rehabilitation attendance. We aimed to determine whether contemporary telehealth interventions can provide effective secondary prevention as an alternative or adjunct care compared with cardiac rehabilitation and/or usual care for patients with CHD. METHODS Relevant randomized controlled trials evaluating telehealth interventions in CHD patients with at least three months' follow-up compared with cardiac rehabilitation and/or usual care were identified by searching electronic databases. We checked reference lists, relevant conference lists, grey literature and keyword searching of the Internet. Main outcomes included all-cause mortality, rehospitalization/cardiac events and modifiable risk factors. (PROSPERO registration number 77507.). RESULTS In total, 32 papers reporting 30 unique trials were identified. Telehealth was not significant associated with a lower all-cause mortality than cardiac rehabilitation and/or usual care (risk ratio (RR)=0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.86 to 1.24, p=0.42). Telehealth was significantly associated with lower rehospitalization or cardiac events (RR=0.56, 95% CI=0.39 to 0.81, p<0.0001) compared with non-intervention groups. There was a significantly lower weighted mean difference (WMD) at medium to long-term follow-up than comparison groups for total cholesterol (WMD= -0.26 mmol/l, 95% CI= -0.4 to -0.11, p <0.001), low-density lipoprotein (WMD= -0.28, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.05, p=0.02) and smoking status (RR=0.77, 95% CI =0.59 to 0.99, p=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth interventions with a range of delivery modes could be offered to patients who cannot attend cardiac rehabilitation, or as an adjunct to cardiac rehabilitation for effective secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- 1 Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sahar Khonsari
- 2 School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
| | - Robyn Gallagher
- 3 Charles Perkins Centre, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Ben Freedman
- 1 Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Tom Briffa
- 6 School of Public Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- 7 Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Redfern
- 8 Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lis Neubeck
- 2 School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, UK
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Walsh DMJ, Moran K, Cornelissen V, Buys R, Claes J, Zampognaro P, Melillo F, Maglaveras N, Chouvarda I, Triantafyllidis A, Filos D, Woods CB. The development and codesign of the PATHway intervention: a theory-driven eHealth platform for the self-management of cardiovascular disease. Transl Behav Med 2019; 9:76-98. [PMID: 29554380 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of premature death worldwide. International guidelines recommend routine delivery of all phases of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Uptake of traditional CR remains suboptimal, as attendance at formal hospital-based CR programs is low, with community-based CR rates and individual long-term exercise maintenance even lower. Home-based CR programs have been shown to be equally effective in clinical and health-related quality of life outcomes and yet are not readily available. The aim of the current study was to develop the PATHway intervention (physical activity toward health) for the self-management of CVD. Increasing physical activity in individuals with CVD was the primary behavior. The PATHway intervention was theoretically informed by the behavior change wheel and social cognitive theory. All relevant intervention functions, behavior change techniques, and policy categories were identified and translated into intervention content. Furthermore, a person-centered approach was adopted involving an iterative codesign process and extensive user testing. Education, enablement, modeling, persuasion, training, and social restructuring were selected as appropriate intervention functions. Twenty-two behavior change techniques, linked to the six intervention functions and three policy categories, were identified for inclusion and translated into PATHway intervention content. This paper details the use of the behavior change wheel and social cognitive theory to develop an eHealth intervention for the self-management of CVD. The systematic and transparent development of the PATHway intervention will facilitate the evaluation of intervention effectiveness and future replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M J Walsh
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics and School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Moran
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics and School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Roselien Buys
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jomme Claes
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabio Melillo
- Engineering Ingegneria Informatica S.P.A., Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chouvarda
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Filos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Greece
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Santiago de Araújo Pio C, Chaves GSS, Davies P, Taylor RS, Grace SL. Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2:CD007131. [PMID: 30706942 PMCID: PMC6360920 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007131.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International clinical practice guidelines routinely recommend that cardiac patients participate in rehabilitation programmes for comprehensive secondary prevention. However, data show that only a small proportion of these patients utilise rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES First, to assess interventions provided to increase patient enrolment in, adherence to, and completion of cardiac rehabilitation. Second, to assess intervention costs and associated harms, as well as interventions intended to promote equitable CR utilisation in vulnerable patient subpopulations. SEARCH METHODS Review authors performed a search on 10 July 2018, to identify studies published since publication of the previous systematic review. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); the National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) databases (Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)), in the Cochrane Library (Wiley); MEDLINE (Ovid); Embase (Elsevier); the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCOhost); and Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S) on Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). We checked the reference lists of relevant systematic reviews for additional studies and also searched two clinical trial registers. We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with myocardial infarction, with angina, undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention, or with heart failure who were eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. Interventions had to aim to increase utilisation of comprehensive phase II cardiac rehabilitation. We included only studies that measured one or more of our primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were harms and costs, and we focused on equity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of all identified references for eligibility, and we obtained full papers of potentially relevant trials. Two review authors independently considered these trials for inclusion, assessed included studies for risk of bias, and extracted trial data independently. We resolved disagreements through consultation with a third review author. We performed random-effects meta-regression for each outcome and explored prespecified study characteristics. MAIN RESULTS Overall, we included 26 studies with 5299 participants (29 comparisons). Participants were primarily male (64.2%). Ten (38.5%) studies included patients with heart failure. We assessed most studies as having low or unclear risk of bias. Sixteen studies (3164 participants) reported interventions to improve enrolment in cardiac rehabilitation, 11 studies (2319 participants) reported interventions to improve adherence to cardiac rehabilitation, and seven studies (1567 participants) reported interventions to increase programme completion. Researchers tested a variety of interventions to increase utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation. In many studies, this consisted of contacts made by a healthcare provider during or shortly after an acute care hospitalisation.Low-quality evidence shows an effect of interventions on increasing programme enrolment (19 comparisons; risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.42). Meta-regression revealed that the intervention deliverer (nurse or allied healthcare provider; P = 0.02) and the delivery format (face-to-face; P = 0.01) were influential in increasing enrolment. Low-quality evidence shows interventions to increase adherence were effective (nine comparisons; standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.55), particularly when they were delivered remotely, such as in home-based programs (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.76). Moderate-quality evidence shows interventions to increase programme completion were also effective (eight comparisons; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25), but those applied in multi-centre studies were less effective than those given in single-centre studies, leading to questions regarding generalisability. A moderate level of statistical heterogeneity across intervention studies reflects heterogeneity in intervention approaches. There was no evidence of small-study bias for enrolment (insufficient studies to test for this in the other outcomes).With regard to secondary outcomes, no studies reported on harms associated with the interventions. Only two studies reported costs. In terms of equity, trialists tested interventions designed to improve utilisation among women and older patients. Evidence is insufficient for quantitative assessment of whether women-tailored programmes were associated with increased utilisation, and studies that assess motivating women are needed. For older participants, again while quantitative assessment could not be undertaken, peer navigation may improve enrolment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions may increase cardiac rehabilitation enrolment, adherence and completion; however the quality of evidence was low to moderate due to heterogeneity of the interventions used, among other factors. Effects on enrolment were larger in studies targeting healthcare providers, training nurses, or allied healthcare providers to intervene face-to-face; effects on adherence were larger in studies that tested remote interventions. More research is needed, particularly to discover the best ways to increase programme completion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela SS Chaves
- Federal University of Minas GeraisRehabilitation Science ProgramBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Philippa Davies
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolCanynge HallBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Rod S Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolInstitute of Health ResearchSouth Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree RoadExeterUKEX2 4SG
| | - Sherry L Grace
- York UniversitySchool of Kinesiology and Health Science4700 Keele StreetTorontoOntarioCanadaM4P 2L8
- University Health NetworkToronto Rehabilitation Institute8e‐402 Toronto Western Hospital399 Bathurst StreetTorontoOntarioCanada
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Harzand A, Witbrodt B, Davis-Watts ML, Alrohaibani A, Goese D, Wenger NK, Shah AJ, Zafari AM. Feasibility of a Smartphone-enabled Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Male Veterans With Previous Clinical Evidence of Coronary Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1471-1476. [PMID: 30217377 PMCID: PMC6196098 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended for patients with coronary heart disease, however, participation among veterans remains poor. Smartphones may facilitate data transfer and communication between patients and providers, among other benefits. We evaluated the feasibility of a smartphone-enabled CR program in a population of veterans. Qualifying veterans were prospectively enrolled in a single-arm, nonrandomized feasibility study of a smartphone-enabled, home-based CR program, featuring an app with daily reminders to exercise, log vitals, and review educational materials. A coach remotely monitored patients through an online dashboard and scheduled telephone visits. Clinical end points were assessed as an exploratory aim. After 21 veterans provided informed consent, 18 were enrolled and successfully completed at least 30days of the program; 13 completed the entire 12-week intervention. Mean (standard deviation) age was 62 (7) years and 96% were male. Program completers logged a mean (standard deviation) of 3.5 (1.4) exercise sessions and 150 (86) exercise minutes per week. The majority (84%) of program completers reported being satisfied overall with the program. Mean functional capacity improved by 1.0 metabolic equivalents (5.3 to 6.3, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 1.7; p = 0.008) and mean systolic blood pressure at rest improved by 9.6mm Hg (mean difference 9.6, 95% confidence interval -19.0 to -0.7; p = 0.049) among completers. Smartphone-enabled, home-based CR is feasible in veterans with heart disease and is associated with moderate to high levels of engagement and patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Harzand
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Bradley Witbrodt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - David Goese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nanette K Wenger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amit J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Abarmard Maziar Zafari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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Tran M, Pesah E, Turk-Adawi K, Supervia M, Lopez Jimenez F, Oh P, Baer C, Grace SL. Cardiac Rehabilitation Availability and Delivery in Canada: How Does It Compare With Other High-Income Countries? Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:S252-S262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The Delivery of Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Communications Technologies: The “Virtual” Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:S278-S283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Mendell J, Bates J, Banner-Lukaris D, Horvat D, Kang B, Singer J, Ignaszewski A, Lear SA. What Do Patients Talk About? A Qualitative Analysis of Online Chat Sessions with Health Care Specialists During a "Virtual" Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. Telemed J E Health 2018; 25:71-78. [PMID: 29742035 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2017.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRPs) are effective at reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet attendance in these programs remains low due to geographic constraints. In a previously conducted randomized trial we demonstrated that a virtual CRP (vCRP) delivered over the Internet reduced risk for CVD. The current investigation has reviewed the online chat sessions between participants and healthcare providers (HCP) to describe the content of discussions during the vCRP intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were recruited from two geographically isolated areas in British Columbia, Canada without in-person CRP or a cardiologist serving the area. The vCRP, among other elements, included scheduled one-on-one chat sessions with a dietician, exercise specialist, and nurse to mimic standard CRP consultations. The chat sessions were reviewed for content and themes. Multiple chat sessions between participants and a single care provider were also analyzed to describe how chat content progressed through multiple sessions. RESULTS A total of 38 participants participated in the vCRP intervention. From the 122 chat sessions between participants and HCP during the vCRP, the main themes identified were Managing Health and Lifestyle, Continuity of Care, and Getting Care from a Distance. Within each theme, sub-themes were also identified. CONCLUSIONS The vCRP chat sessions fulfilled the role of face-to-face consultations with HCP that are standard in hospital-based CRP and addressed patient concerns, facilitating remote patient-provider interaction and covering topics on exercise, diet, and positive behavior changes to limit risk factors for future heart problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mendell
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Joanna Bates
- 2 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Dan Horvat
- 2 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bindy Kang
- 4 Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- 5 Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada.,6 School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew Ignaszewski
- 7 Division of Cardiology, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada.,8 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott A Lear
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,7 Division of Cardiology, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada.,8 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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45
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Abell B, Glasziou P, Hoffmann T. The Contribution of Individual Exercise Training Components to Clinical Outcomes in Randomised Controlled Trials of Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2017; 3:19. [PMID: 28477308 PMCID: PMC5419959 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the clinical benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation are well established, there is extensive variation in the interventions used within these trials. It is unknown whether variations in individual components of these exercise interventions provide different relative contributions to overall clinical outcomes. This study aims to systematically examine the relationship between individual components of the exercise intervention in cardiac rehabilitation (such as intensity and frequency) and clinical outcomes for people with coronary heart disease. METHODS In this systematic review, eligible trials were identified via searches of databases (PubMed, Allied and Complementary Medicine, EMBASE, PEDro, Science Citation Index Expanded, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus) from citation tracking and hand-searching. Studies were included if they were randomised trials of a structured exercise intervention (versus usual care) for participants with coronary heart disease and reported at least one of cardiovascular mortality, total mortality, myocardial infarction or revascularisation outcomes. Each included trial was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Authors were also contacted for missing intervention details or data. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate a summary risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the effect of exercise on outcomes. Random effects meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the association between pre-specified co-variates (exercise components or trial characteristics) and each clinical outcome. RESULTS Sixty-nine trials were included, evaluating 72 interventions which differed markedly in terms of exercise components. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was effective in reducing cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.86), total mortality (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99) and myocardial infarction (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.92). This effect generally demonstrated no significant differences across subgroups of patients who received various types of usual care, more or less than 150 min of exercise per week and of differing cardiac aetiologies. There was however some heterogeneity observed in the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation in reducing total mortality based on the presence of lipid lowering therapy (I 2 = 48%, p = 0.15 for subgroup treatment interaction effect). No single exercise component was identified through meta-regression as a significant predictor of mortality outcomes, although reductions in both total (RR 0.81, p = 0.042) and cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.72, p = 0.045) were observed in trials which reported high levels of participant exercise adherence, versus those which reported lower levels. A dose-response relationship was found between an increasing exercise session time and increasing risk of myocardial infarction (RR 1.01, p = 0.011) and the highest intensity of exercise prescribed and an increasing risk of percutaneous coronary intervention (RR 1.05, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is effective at reducing important clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. While our analysis was constrained by the quality of included trials and missing information about intervention components, there appears to be little differential effect of variations in exercise intervention, particularly on mortality outcomes. Given the observed effect between higher adherence and improved outcomes, it may be more important to provide exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs which focus on achieving increased adherence to the exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Abell
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4229, Australia.
| | - Paul Glasziou
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4229, Australia
| | - Tammy Hoffmann
- Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4229, Australia
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46
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Duff OM, Walsh DM, Furlong BA, O'Connor NE, Moran KA, Woods CB. Behavior Change Techniques in Physical Activity eHealth Interventions for People With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e281. [PMID: 28768610 PMCID: PMC5559649 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature death and disability in Europe, accounting for 4 million deaths per year and costing the European Union economy almost €196 billion annually. There is strong evidence to suggest that exercise-based secondary rehabilitation programs can decrease the mortality risk and improve health among patients with CVD. Theory-informed use of behavior change techniques (BCTs) is important in the design of cardiac rehabilitation programs aimed at changing cardiovascular risk factors. Electronic health (eHealth) is the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for health. This emerging area of health care has the ability to enhance self-management of chronic disease by making health care more accessible, affordable, and available to the public. However, evidence-based information on the use of BCTs in eHealth interventions is limited, and particularly so, for individuals living with CVD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to assess the application of BCTs in eHealth interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) in CVD populations. METHODS A total of 7 electronic databases, including EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, and CINAHL Complete), Scopus, and Web of Science (Core Collection) were searched. Two authors independently reviewed references using the software package Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation). The reviewers met to resolve any discrepancies, with a third independent reviewer acting as an arbitrator when required. Following this, data were extracted from the papers that met the inclusion criteria. Bias assessment of the studies was carried out using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias within Covidence; this was followed by a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Out of the 987 studies that were identified, 14 were included in the review. An additional 9 studies were added following a hand search of review paper references. The average number of BCTs used across the 23 studies was 7.2 (range 1-19). The top three most frequently used BCTs included information about health consequences (78%, 18/23), goal setting (behavior; 74%, 17/23), and joint third, self-monitoring of behavior and social support (practical) were included in 11 studies (48%, 11/23) each. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review is the first to investigate the use of BCTs in PA eHealth interventions specifically designed for people with CVD. This research will have clear implications for health care policy and research by outlining the BCTs used in eHealth interventions for chronic illnesses, in particular CVD, thereby providing clear foundations for further research and developments in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Mairead Duff
- MedEx Wellness, School of Health and Human Performance and Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Mj Walsh
- MedEx Wellness, School of Health and Human Performance and Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bróna A Furlong
- MedEx Wellness, School of Health and Human Performance and Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E O'Connor
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran A Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance and Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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47
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Anderson L, Sharp GA, Norton RJ, Dalal H, Dean SG, Jolly K, Cowie A, Zawada A, Taylor RS. Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6:CD007130. [PMID: 28665511 PMCID: PMC6481471 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007130.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally. Traditionally, centre-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes are offered to individuals after cardiac events to aid recovery and prevent further cardiac illness. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes have been introduced in an attempt to widen access and participation. This is an update of a review previously published in 2009 and 2015. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of home-based and supervised centre-based cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and morbidity, exercise-capacity, health-related quality of life, and modifiable cardiac risk factors in patients with heart disease. SEARCH METHODS We updated searches from the previous Cochrane Review by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) on 21 September 2016. We also searched two clinical trials registers as well as previous systematic reviews and reference lists of included studies. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, including parallel group, cross-over or quasi-randomised designs) that compared centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (e.g. hospital, gymnasium, sports centre) with home-based programmes in adults with myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure or who had undergone revascularisation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened all identified references for inclusion based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by involving a third review author. Two authors independently extracted outcome data and study characteristics and assessed risk of bias. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE principles and a Summary of findings table was created. MAIN RESULTS We included six new studies (624 participants) for this update, which now includes a total of 23 trials that randomised a total of 2890 participants undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. Participants had an acute myocardial infarction, revascularisation or heart failure. A number of studies provided insufficient detail to enable assessment of potential risk of bias, in particular, details of generation and concealment of random allocation sequencing and blinding of outcome assessment were poorly reported.No evidence of a difference was seen between home- and centre-based cardiac rehabilitation in clinical primary outcomes up to 12 months of follow up: total mortality (relative risk (RR) = 1.19, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.16; participants = 1505; studies = 11/comparisons = 13; very low quality evidence), exercise capacity (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.13, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.02; participants = 2255; studies = 22/comparisons = 26; low quality evidence), or health-related quality of life up to 24 months (not estimable). Trials were generally of short duration, with only three studies reporting outcomes beyond 12 months (exercise capacity: SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.23; participants = 1074; studies = 3; moderate quality evidence). However, there was evidence of marginally higher levels of programme completion (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08; participants = 2615; studies = 22/comparisons = 26; low quality evidence) by home-based participants. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This update supports previous conclusions that home- and centre-based forms of cardiac rehabilitation seem to be similarly effective in improving clinical and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients after myocardial infarction or revascularisation, or with heart failure. This finding supports the continued expansion of evidence-based, home-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes. The choice of participating in a more traditional and supervised centre-based programme or a home-based programme may reflect local availability and consider the preference of the individual patient. Further data are needed to determine whether the effects of home- and centre-based cardiac rehabilitation reported in the included short-term trials can be confirmed in the longer term and need to consider adequately powered non-inferiority or equivalence study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Anderson
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolInstitute of Health ResearchVeysey Building, Salmon Pool LaneExeterUKEX2 4SG
| | - Georgina A Sharp
- Peninsula Postgraduate Medical EducationRaleigh Building, 22A Davy Road, Plymouth Science ParkPlymouthUKPL6 8BY
| | - Rebecca J Norton
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeterc/o Institute of Health ResearchSt Lukes CampusHeavitree RoadExeterExeterUKEX1 2LU
| | - Hasnain Dalal
- University of Exeter Medical School, Truro Campus, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospitals TrustDepartment of Primary CareTruroUKTR1 3HD
| | - Sarah G Dean
- University of ExeterUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolVeysey BuildingSalmon Pool LaneExeterDevonUKEX2 4SG
| | - Kate Jolly
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUK
| | | | - Anna Zawada
- Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff SystemI. Krasickiego St. 26WarsawPoland02‐611
| | - Rod S Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolInstitute of Health ResearchVeysey Building, Salmon Pool LaneExeterUKEX2 4SG
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Kayser JW, Cossette S, Côté J, Bourbonnais A, Purden M, Juneau M, Tanguay JF, Simard MJ, Dupuis J, Diodati JG, Tremblay JF, Maheu-Cadotte MA, Cournoyer D. Evaluation of a Web-Based Tailored Nursing Intervention (TAVIE en m@rche) Aimed at Increasing Walking After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e64. [PMID: 28450272 PMCID: PMC5427251 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the health benefits of increasing physical activity in the secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), up to 60% of ACS patients are insufficiently active. Evidence supporting the effect of Web-based interventions on increasing physical activity outcomes in ACS patients is growing. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Web-based technologies that measured objective physical activity outcomes are sparse. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to evaluate in insufficiently active ACS patients, the effect of a fully automated, Web-based tailored nursing intervention (TAVIE en m@rche) on increasing steps per day. METHODS A parallel two-group multicenter RCT (target N=148) is being conducted in four major teaching hospitals in Montréal, Canada. An experimental group receiving the 4-week TAVIE en m@rche intervention plus a brief "booster" at 8 weeks, is compared with the control group receiving hyperlinks to publicly available websites. TAVIE en m@rche is based on the Strengths-Based Nursing Care orientation to nursing practice and the Self-Determination Theory of human motivation. The intervention is centered on videos of a nurse who delivers the content tailored to baseline levels of self-reported autonomous motivation, perceived competence, and walking behavior. Participants are recruited in hospital and are eligible if they report access to a computer and report less than recommended physical activity levels 6 months before hospitalization. Most outcome data are collected online at baseline, and 5 and 12 weeks postrandomization. The primary outcome is change in accelerometer-measured steps per day between randomization and 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes include change in steps per day between randomization and 5 weeks, and change in self-reported energy expenditure for walking and moderate to vigorous physical activity between randomization, and 5 and 12 weeks. Theoretical outcomes are the mediating role of self-reported perceived autonomy support, autonomous and controlled motivations, perceived competence, and barrier self-efficacy on steps per day. Clinical outcomes are quality of life, smoking, medication adherence, secondary prevention program attendance, health care utilization, and angina frequency. The potential moderating role of sex will also be explored. Analysis of covariance models will be used with covariates such as sex, age, fatigue, and depression symptoms. Allocation sequence is concealed, and blinding will be implemented during data analysis. RESULTS Recruitment started March 30, 2016. Data analysis is planned for November 2017. CONCLUSIONS Finding alternative interventions aimed at increasing the adoption of health behavior changes such as physical activity in the secondary prevention of ACS is clearly needed. Our RCT is expected to help support the potential efficacy of a fully automated, Web-based tailored nursing intervention on the objective outcome of steps per day in an ACS population. If this RCT is successful, and after its implementation as part of usual care, TAVIE en m@rche could help improve the health of ACS patients at large. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02617641; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02617641 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6pNNGndRa).
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Affiliation(s)
- John William Kayser
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cossette
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José Côté
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Bourbonnais
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Purden
- McGill University, Ingram School of Nursing, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital Centre for Nursing Research, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Juneau
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Tanguay
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Simard
- Integrated Health and Social Services Centres, l'Est de l'Île de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Cournoyer
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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49
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Brewer LC, Kaihoi B, Schaepe K, Zarling K, Squires RW, Thomas RJ, Kopecky S. Patient-perceived acceptability of a virtual world-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Digit Health 2017; 3:2055207617705548. [PMID: 29942596 PMCID: PMC6001251 DOI: 10.1177/2055207617705548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its benefits, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation rates remain subpar. Telehealth lifestyle interventions have emerged as modalities to enhance CR accessibility. Virtual-world (VW) technology may provide a means to increase CR use. Objectives This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a VW-based CR program as an extension to medical center-based CR. Our goal is to apply the study results toward the design of a patient-centered VW platform prototype with high usability, understandability, and credibility. Methods Patients (n = 8, 25% women) recently enrolled in outpatient CR at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota participated in a 12-week, VW health education program and provided feedback on the usability, design and satisfaction of the intervention at baseline and completion. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze the participant perceptions of the intervention. Results Overall, there were positive participant perceptions of the VW experience. There was unanimous high satisfaction with the graphical interface appearance and ease of use. Participants placed value on the convenience, accessibility, and social connectivity of the remote program as well as the novelty of the simulation platform presentations, which aided in memorability of key concepts. Greater than 80% of participants reported that the program improved their health knowledge and helped to maintain better health habits. Conclusions Our pilot study revealed the feasibility and acceptability of an innovative VW-based CR program among cardiac patients. This novel delivery method for CR has the potential to influence healthy lifestyle change and to increase accessibility to vulnerable populations with higher cardiovascular disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Kaihoi
- Global Products and Services, Center for Innovation; Mayo Clinic, USA
| | - Karen Schaepe
- Qualitative Research Services; Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, USA
| | - Kathleen Zarling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, USA.,Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, USA
| | - Ray W Squires
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, USA
| | - Randal J Thomas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephen Kopecky
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, USA
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50
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Maddox TM, Albert NM, Borden WB, Curtis LH, Ferguson TB, Kao DP, Marcus GM, Peterson ED, Redberg R, Rumsfeld JS, Shah ND, Tcheng JE. The Learning Healthcare System and Cardiovascular Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e826-e857. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The learning healthcare system uses health information technology and the health data infrastructure to apply scientific evidence at the point of clinical care while simultaneously collecting insights from that care to promote innovation in optimal healthcare delivery and to fuel new scientific discovery. To achieve these goals, the learning healthcare system requires systematic redesign of the current healthcare system, focusing on 4 major domains: science and informatics, patient-clinician partnerships, incentives, and development of a continuous learning culture. This scientific statement provides an overview of how these learning healthcare system domains can be realized in cardiovascular disease care. Current cardiovascular disease care innovations in informatics, data uses, patient engagement, continuous learning culture, and incentives are profiled. In addition, recommendations for next steps for the development of a learning healthcare system in cardiovascular care are presented.
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