1
|
Lee CJ, Lee SH, Kang BS, Park MK, Yang HW, Woo SY, Park SW, Kim DY, Jeong HH, Yang WI, Kho AR, Choi BY, Song HK, Choi HC, Kim YJ, Suh SW. Effects of L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (LTCC) Inhibition on Hippocampal Neuronal Death after Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:389. [PMID: 38671837 PMCID: PMC11047745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, marked by abnormal and excessive brain neuronal activity, is linked to the activation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) in neuronal membranes. LTCCs facilitate the entry of calcium (Ca2+) and other metal ions, such as zinc (Zn2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), into the cytosol. This Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic terminal triggers the release of Zn2+ and glutamate to the postsynaptic terminal. Zn2+ is then transported to the postsynaptic neuron via LTCCs. The resulting Zn2+ accumulation in neurons significantly increases the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal death. Amlodipine (AML), typically used for hypertension and coronary artery disease, works by inhibiting LTCCs. We explored whether AML could mitigate Zn2+ translocation and accumulation in neurons, potentially offering protection against seizure-induced hippocampal neuronal death. We tested this by establishing a rat epilepsy model with pilocarpine and administering AML (10 mg/kg, orally, daily for 7 days) post-epilepsy onset. We assessed cognitive function through behavioral tests and conducted histological analyses for Zn2+ accumulation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Our findings show that AML's LTCC inhibition decreased excessive Zn2+ accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and hippocampal neuronal death following seizures. These results suggest amlodipine's potential as a therapeutic agent in seizure management and mitigating seizures' detrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Beom-Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Wook Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Seo-Young Woo
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Se-Wan Park
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Won-Il Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - A-Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bo-Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hong-Ki Song
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; (H.-K.S.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui-Chul Choi
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; (H.-K.S.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Sang-Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
You TY, Dong Q, Cui M. Emerging Links between Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Cognitive Decline: A Role for Brain Microvascular Pericytes. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1204. [PMID: 37163446 PMCID: PMC10389833 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment associated with vascular etiology has been of considerable interest in the development of dementia. Recent studies have started to uncover cerebral blood flow deficits in initiating cognitive deterioration. Brain microvascular pericytes, the only type of contractile cells in capillaries, are involved in the precise modulation of vascular hemodynamics due to their ability to regulate resistance in the capillaries. They exhibit potential in maintaining the capillary network geometry and basal vascular tone. In addition, pericytes can facilitate better blood flow supply in response to neurovascular coupling. Their dysfunction is thought to disturb cerebral blood flow causing metabolic imbalances or structural injuries, leading to consequent cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of microvascular pericytes in brain blood flow regulation and outline the framework of a two-hit hypothesis in cognitive decline, where we emphasize how pericytes serve as targets of cerebral blood flow dysregulation that occurs with neurological challenges, ranging from genetic factors, aging, and pathological proteins to ischemic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao You
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norton CE, Shaw RL, Segal SS. Differential Effects of High Fat Diets on Resilience to H 2O 2-Induced Cell Death in Mouse Cerebral Arteries: Role for Processed Carbohydrates. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1433. [PMID: 37507971 PMCID: PMC10376469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High fat, western-style diets increase vascular oxidative stress. We hypothesized that smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells adapt during the consumption of high fat diets to become more resilient to acute oxidative stress. Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a western-style diet high in fat and processed carbohydrates (WD), a high fat diet that induces obesity (DIO), or their respective control (CD) and standard (SD) diets for 16 weeks. Posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) were isolated and pressurized for study. During acute exposure to H2O2 (200 µM), smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell death were reduced in PCAs from WD, but not DIO mice. WD selectively attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and vessel wall Ca2+ influx during H2O2 exposure. Selective inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) V4 or TRPC3 channels reduced smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell death in concert with the vessel wall [Ca2+]i response to H2O2 for PCAs from CD mice and eliminated differences between CD and WD. Inhibiting Src kinases reduced smooth muscle cell death along with [Ca2+]i response to H2O2 only in PCAs from CD mice and eliminated differences between diets. However, Src kinase inhibition did not alter endothelial cell death. These findings indicate that consuming a WD, but not high fat alone, leads to adaptations that limit Ca2+ influx and vascular cell death during exposure to acute oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rebecca L Shaw
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sakamuri SSVP, Sure VN, Kolli L, Evans WR, Sperling JA, Bix GJ, Wang X, Atochin DN, Murfee WL, Mostany R, Katakam PVG. Aging related impairment of brain microvascular bioenergetics involves oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1410-1424. [PMID: 35296173 PMCID: PMC9274865 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211069266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and glycolytic energy pathways regulate the vascular functions. Aging impairs the cerebrovascular function and increases the risk of stroke and cognitive dysfunction. The goal of our study is to characterize the impact of aging on brain microvascular energetics. We measured the oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates of freshly isolated brain microvessels (BMVs) from young (2-4 months) and aged (20-22 months) C57Bl/6 male mice. Cellular ATP production in BMVs was predominantly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with glucose as the preferred energy substrate. Aged BMVs exhibit lower ATP production rate with diminished OXPHOS and glycolytic rate accompanied by increased utilization of glutamine. Impairments of glycolysis displayed by aged BMVs included reduced compensatory glycolysis whereas impairments of mitochondrial respiration involved reduction of spare respiratory capacity and proton leak. Aged BMVs showed reduced levels of key glycolysis proteins including glucose transporter 1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 but normal lactate dehydrogenase activity. Mitochondrial protein levels were mostly unchanged whereas citrate synthase activity was reduced, and glutamate dehydrogenase was increased in aged BMVs. Thus, for the first time, we identified the dominant role of mitochondria in bioenergetics of BMVs and the alterations of the energy pathways that make the aged BMVs vulnerable to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva SVP Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lahari Kolli
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jared A Sperling
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gregory J Bix
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad VG Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao M, Xu T, Lei J, Ji B, Gao Q. Unveiling the Role of DNA Methylation in Vascular CACNA1C Tissue–Specific Expression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:872977. [PMID: 35711357 PMCID: PMC9197502 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.872977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) plays a critical role in many vascular physiological and pathological processes. Determining its tissue-specific expression pattern and clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms are necessary and meaningful. Methods We selected several representative vessels from normal male Sprague-Dawley rats. Vessel tissue or primary vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated for vascular function, electrophysiology, gene expression and promoter methylation studies. Results We found CACNA1C had tissue-specific expressions in vessels. The specific manifestations were as follows: CACNA1C expression was highest in thoracic aorta, second lowest in middle cerebral and pulmonary artery, and lowest in mesenteric artery. Excitingly, an opposing trend was observed between CACNA1C expression and its promoter methylation. Conclusions This study was the first report to indicate that DNA methylation could be involved in regulating CACNA1C tissue-specific expressions and vasoconstriction function in vascular system. This study not only provided more information for further understanding the physiological characteristics of vascular CACNA1C expressions, also strengthened the idea that DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating vascular smooth muscle cells function and the consequent occurrence of vascular diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Lee MD, Buckley C, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Mitochondria regulate TRPV4-mediated release of ATP. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1017-1032. [PMID: 34605007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 channels triggers Ca2+ release from the IP3 -sensitive internal store to generate repetitive oscillations. Although mitochondria are acknowledged regulators of IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release, how TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals are regulated by mitochondria is unknown. We show that depolarised mitochondria switch TRPV4 signalling from relying on Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release at IP3 receptors to being independent of Ca2+ influx and instead mediated by ATP release via pannexins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TRPV4-evoked Ca2+ signals were individually examined in hundreds of cells in the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance arteries using the indicator Cal520. KEY RESULTS TRPV4 activation with GSK1016790A (GSK) generated repetitive Ca2+ oscillations that required Ca2+ influx. However, when the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarised, by the uncoupler CCCP or complex I inhibitor rotenone, TRPV4 activation generated large propagating, multicellular, Ca2+ waves in the absence of external Ca2+ . The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin did not potentiate TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals. GSK-evoked Ca2+ waves, when mitochondria were depolarised, were blocked by the TRPV4 channel blocker HC067047, the SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid, the PLC blocker U73122 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor blocker caffeine. The Ca2+ waves were also inhibited by the extracellular ATP blockers suramin and apyrase and the pannexin blocker probenecid. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlight a previously unknown role of mitochondria in shaping TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signalling by facilitating ATP release. When mitochondria are depolarised, TRPV4-mediated release of ATP via pannexin channels activates plasma membrane purinergic receptors to trigger IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li DS, Xue GL, Yang JM, Li CZ, Zhang RX, Tian T, Li Z, Shen KW, Guo Y, Liu XN, Wang J, Lu YJ, Pan ZW. Knockout of interleukin-17A diminishes ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility in diabetic mice via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated electrical remodeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:307-315. [PMID: 33911193 PMCID: PMC8791974 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, has been shown to participate in cardiac electrical disorders. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 in ventricular arrhythmia of diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in both wild-type and IL-17 knockout mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). High-frequency electrical stimuli were delivered into the right ventricle to induce ventricular arrhythmias. We showed that the occurrence rate of ventricular tachycardia was significantly increased in diabetic mice, which was attenuated by IL-17 knockout. We conducted optical mapping on perfused mouse hearts and found that cardiac conduction velocity (CV) was significantly decreased, and action potential duration (APD) was prolonged in diabetic mice, which were mitigated by IL-17 knockout. We performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings from isolated ventricular myocytes, and found that the densities of Ito, INa and ICa,L were reduced, the APDs at 50% and 90% repolarization were increased, and early afterdepolarization (EAD) was markedly increased in diabetic mice. These alterations were alleviated by the knockout of IL-17. Moreover, knockout of IL-17 alleviated the downregulation of Nav1.5 (the pore forming subunit of INa), Cav1.2 (the main component subunit of ICa,L) and KChIP2 (potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 2, the regulatory subunit of Ito) in the hearts of diabetic mice. The expression of NF-κB was significantly upregulated in the hearts of diabetic mice, which was suppressed by IL-17 knockout. In neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes, knockdown of NF-κB significantly increased the expression of Nav1.5, Cav1.2 and KChIP2. These results imply that IL-17 may represent a potential target for the development of agents against diabetes-related ventricular arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Gen-Long Xue
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ji-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chang-Zhu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ke-Wei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue-Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan-Jie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dai Y, Qiu Z, Ma W, Li C, Chen X, Song X, Bai Z, Shi D, Zheng J, Pan G, Liao Y, Liao M, Zhou Z. Long-Term Effect of a Vaccine Targeting Endothelin-1 Receptor Type A in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683436. [PMID: 34222378 PMCID: PMC8247646 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previously, we invented a therapeutic vaccine targeting the endothelin-A receptor (termed ETRQβ-002). ETRQβ-002 successfully prevented the remodeling of pulmonary arterioles (PAs) and right ventricle (RV) without significant immune-mediated damage in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) mice models. Objective: Here, we aim to further evaluate the long-term effects of ETRQβ-002. Methods: PAH mice model was induced by a combination of subcutaneous injection with Sugen5416 and chronic hypoxic conditions (10% O2). PAH mice were immunized with ETRQβ-002 at different time points, and the experiment lasted for 21 weeks. Hemodynamic, histological, and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of ETRQβ-002. Results: We demonstrated that the titer of the specific antibody against ETR-002 could be maintained chronically after periodic booster immunization in PAH mice. Long-term reduction of right ventricular systolic pressure and amelioration of PA remodeling by ETRQβ-002 were confirmed. Moreover, we found that ETRQβ-002 also exerted antiproliferation, anti-inflammation, and antifibrosis effects in PA remodeling. Besides, ETRQβ-002 durably limited pathological RV hypertrophy and fibrosis. Finally, no immune-mediated damage was observed in hepatic or renal function or by pathology in liver and kidney during the long-term administration of ETRQβ-002. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ETRQβ-002 provides long-term therapeutic effects in Sugen/hypoxia-induced PAH animals and offers a promising clinical prospect for PAH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenrui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingyang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangwei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brain capillary pericytes exert a substantial but slow influence on blood flow. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:633-645. [PMID: 33603231 PMCID: PMC8102366 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the brain's vasculature is composed of intricate capillary networks lined by capillary pericytes. However, it remains unclear whether capillary pericytes influence blood flow. Using two-photon microscopy to observe and manipulate brain capillary pericytes in vivo, we find that their optogenetic stimulation decreases lumen diameter and blood flow, but with slower kinetics than similar stimulation of mural cells on upstream pial and precapillary arterioles. This slow vasoconstriction was inhibited by the clinically used vasodilator fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor that blocks contractile machinery. Capillary pericytes were also slower to constrict back to baseline following hypercapnia-induced dilation, and slower to dilate towards baseline following optogenetically induced vasoconstriction. Optical ablation of single capillary pericytes led to sustained local dilation and a doubling of blood cell flux selectively in capillaries lacking pericyte contact. These data indicate that capillary pericytes contribute to basal blood flow resistance and slow modulation of blood flow throughout the brain.
Collapse
|
11
|
Buckley C, Zhang X, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Carbenoxolone and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated endothelial cell calcium signalling and depolarise mitochondria. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:896-912. [PMID: 33269468 PMCID: PMC9328419 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coordinated endothelial control of cardiovascular function is proposed to occur by endothelial cell communication via gap junctions and connexins. To study intercellular communication, the pharmacological agents carbenoxolone (CBX) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) are used widely as connexin inhibitors and gap junction blockers. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of CBX and 18βGA on intercellular Ca2+ waves, evoked by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) in the endothelium of intact mesenteric resistance arteries. KEY RESULTS Acetycholine-evoked IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release and propagated waves were inhibited by CBX (100 μM) and 18βGA (40 μM). Unexpectedly, the Ca2+ signals were inhibited uniformly in all cells, suggesting that CBX and 18βGA reduced Ca2+ release. Localised photolysis of caged IP3 (cIP3 ) was used to provide precise spatiotemporal control of site of cell activation. Local cIP3 photolysis generated reproducible Ca2+ increases and Ca2+ waves that propagated across cells distant to the photolysis site. CBX and 18βGA each blocked Ca2+ waves in a time-dependent manner by inhibiting the initiating IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release event rather than block of gap junctions. This effect was reversed on drug washout and was unaffected by small or intermediate K+ -channel blockers. Furthermore, CBX and 18βGA each rapidly and reversibly collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CBX and 18βGA inhibit IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release and depolarise the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that CBX and 18βGA may block cell-cell communication by acting at sites that are unrelated to gap junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao W, Hu F, Li J, Song J, Liang J, Li L, Song Y, Chen Z, Li Q, Ke L. Qiangji Jianli Decoction promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle of myasthenia gravis rats via AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110482. [PMID: 32768964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qiangji Jianli Decoction (QJJLD) is an effective Chinese medicine formula for treating Myasthenia gravis (MG) in the clinic. QJJLD has been proven to regulate mitochondrial fusion and fission of skeletal muscle in myasthenia gravis. In this study, we investigated whether QJJLD plays a therapeutic role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in MG and explored the underlying mechanism. Rats were experimentally induced to establish autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) by subcutaneous immunization with R97-116 peptides. The treatment groups were administered three different dosages of QJJLD respectively. After the intervention of QJJLD, the pathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle in MG rats were significantly improved; SOD, GSH-Px, Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activities were increased; and MDA content was decreased in the gastrocnemius muscle. Moreover, AMPK, p38MAPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1, Tfam and COX IV mRNA and protein expression levels were also reversed by QJJLD. These results implied that QJJLD may provide a potential therapeutic strategy through promoting mitochondrial biogenesis to alleviate MG via activating the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyu Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanqi Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yafang Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Ke
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsu YH, Chen YC, Chen YW, Chiu TH, Kuo YT, Chen CH. Far-infrared radiation prevents decline in β-cell mass and function in diabetic mice via the mitochondria-mediated Sirtuin1 pathway. Metabolism 2020; 104:154143. [PMID: 31927009 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves a decline in both pancreatic β-cell mass and function. Enhancing β-cell preservation represents an important therapeutic strategy to treat type 2 DM. Far-infrared (FIR) radiation has been found to induce promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) activation to protect the vascular endothelium in diabetic mice. The influence of FIR on β-cell preservation is unknown. Our previous study reveals that the biologically effective wavelength of FIR is 8-10 μm. In the present study, we investigated the biological effects of FIR (8-10 μm) on both survival and insulin secretion function of β-cells. FIR reduced pancreatic islets loss and increased insulin secretion in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced DM mice, but only promoted insulin secretion in DM PLZF-/- mice. FIR-upregulated PLZF to induce an anti-apoptotic effect in a β cell line RIN-m5f. FIR also upregulated mitochondrial function and the ratio of NAD+/NADH, and then induced Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) expression. The mitochondria Complex I inhibitor rotenone blocked FIR-induced PLZF and Sirt1. The Sirt1 inhibitor EX527 and Sirt1 siRNA inhibited FIR-induced PLZF and insulin respectively. Sirt1 upregulation also increased CaV1.2 expression and calcium influx that promotes insulin secretion in β-cells. In summary, FIR-enhanced mitochondrial function prevents β-cell apoptosis and enhances insulin secretion in DM mice through the Sirt1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ho Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hou P. HIIT sensitizes the arterial baroreflex by activating GSH-Px and downregulating calcium channel. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:669-674. [PMID: 32043346 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) is an emerging strategy for controlling blood pressure (BP) requiring intermittent exercise. However, few studies were focused on clinical test or related mechanisms. Here we compared the detailed aspects of HIIT on rat blood pressure control and explored its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-six spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were recruited to complete 8 weeks of different training pattern using treadmill. Measurements of BP, bradycardia reflex, tachycardia reflex, plasma oxidative stress biomarkers and protein expression were acquired at the end of training. RESULTS After the 8-week training, HIIT can significantly downregulate the rest heart rate (HR) and blood pressure of SHR. The bradycardia reflex induced by phenylephrine and tachycardia response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were both improved in the HIIT group compared with control group. By testing the plasma metabolites, we found no statistically alteration on levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) or superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, HIIT increased the plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Besides, HIIT attenuated the vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine while has little effect on potassium chloride stimulation. Similarly, the sensitivity of vasorelaxation induced by SNP was upregulated after HIIT. Finally, we identified a decrease of of calcium channel CaV 1.2 on blood vessel in HIIT group. CONCLUSIONS HIIT provides a better control of BP and higher sensitivity to vasorelaxation, which may be related to higher GSH-Px activity and lower CaV 1.2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Hou
- College of Social Sports, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China -
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo N, Tian L, Calhoun VD, Chen J, Lin D, Vergara VM, Rao S, Yang J, Zhuo C, Xu Y, Turner JA, Zhang F, Sui J. Brain function, structure and genomic data are linked but show different sensitivity to duration of illness and disease stage in schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101887. [PMID: 31176952 PMCID: PMC6558215 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The progress of schizophrenia at various stages is an intriguing question, which has been explored to some degree using single-modality brain imaging data, e.g. gray matter (GM) or functional connectivity (FC). However it remains unclear how those changes from different modalities are correlated with each other and if the sensitivity to duration of illness and disease stages across modalities is different. In this work, we jointly analyzed FC, GM volume and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data of 159 individuals including healthy controls (HC), drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) and chronic schizophrenia patients (CSZ), aiming to evaluate the links among SNP, FC and GM patterns, and their sensitivity to duration of illness and disease stages in schizophrenia. Our results suggested: 1) both GM and FC highlighted impairments in hippocampal, temporal gyrus and cerebellum in schizophrenia, which were significantly correlated with genes like SATB2, GABBR2, PDE4B, CACNA1C etc. 2) GM and FC presented gradually decrease trend (HC > FESZ>CSZ), while SNP indicated a non-gradual variation trend with un-significant group difference observed between FESZ and CSZ; 3) Group difference between HC and FESZ of FC was more remarkable than GM, and FC presented a stronger negative correlation with duration of illness than GM (p = 0.0006). Collectively, these results highlight the benefit of leveraging multimodal data and provide additional clues regarding the impact of mental illness at various disease stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Victor M Vergara
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): {Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University}, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shuquan Rao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Center, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Clinical Medical College, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bukiya AN. Fetal Cerebral Artery Mitochondrion as Target of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091586. [PMID: 31067632 PMCID: PMC6539770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure results in an array of developmental abnormalities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Despite the high prevalence of FASDs, therapeutic interventions against accidental or intended exposure of developing fetuses to alcohol are limited. This review outlines current knowledge about mitochondria in cerebral blood vessels as a potential target for anti-FASDs intervention. First, it describes the multifaceted role of mitochondria in maintaining the cerebral artery diameter as shown in adult tissue. Second, current literature on alcohol-driven damage of mitochondrial morphology and function in several fetal tissues, including liver, heart, and brain is summarized. The functional consequences of alcohol exposure in these organs include morphological enlargement of mitochondria, increased oxidative stress, and alteration of cellular respiration. These studies point to a tissue-specific effect of alcohol on mitochondrial function and a particular vulnerability of fetal mitochondria to alcohol exposure when compared to adult counterparts. Third, recent work from our group describing persistent changes in fetal baboon cerebral artery proteome following three episodes of prenatal alcohol exposure is reviewed. In conclusion, the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure on cerebral artery mitochondria constitute an open field of investigation and, eventually, a point of therapeutic intervention against FASDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Bukiya
- Department Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Atractylenolide III Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease via the Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1875471. [PMID: 31178951 PMCID: PMC6501186 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1875471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to muscle wasting in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III), the major active constituent of Atractylodes rhizome, has been previously reported to function as an antioxidant. This study is aimed at investigating whether ATL-III has protective effects against CKD-induced muscle wasting by alleviating oxidative stress. The results showed that the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary protein significantly decreased in the ATL-III treatment group compared with the 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model group but were higher than those in the sham operation group. Skeletal muscle weight was increased, while inflammation was alleviated in the ATL-III administration group compared with the 5/6 Nx model group. ATL-III-treated rats also showed reduced dilation of the mitochondria, increased CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD activity, and decreased levels of MDA both in skeletal muscles and serum compared with 5/6 Nx model rats, suggesting that ATL-III alleviated mitochondrial damage and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus reducing the production of ROS. Furthermore, accumulated autophagosomes (APs) and autolysosomes (ALs) were reduced in the gastrocnemius (Gastroc) muscles of ATL-III-treated rats under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with the downregulation of LC3-II and upregulation of p62 according to Western blotting. This evidence indicated that ATL-III improved skeletal muscle atrophy and alleviated oxidative stress and autophagy in CKD rats. Furthermore, ATL-III could also increase the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in skeletal muscles in CKD rats. To further reveal the relevant mechanism, the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was assessed, which showed that a reduced expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in C2C12 myoblast atrophy induced by TNF-α could be upregulated by ATL-III; however, after the overexpression of Nox2 to increase ROS production, the attenuated effect was reversed. Our findings indicated that ATL-III is a potentially protective drug against muscle wasting via activation of the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pan S, Conaway S, Deshpande DA. Mitochondrial regulation of airway smooth muscle functions in health and pulmonary diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:109-119. [PMID: 30629957 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important for airway smooth muscle physiology due to their diverse yet interconnected roles in calcium handling, redox regulation, and cellular bioenergetics. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondria dysfunction is intimately associated with airway diseases such as asthma, IPF and COPD. In these pathological conditions, increased mitochondrial ROS, altered bioenergetics profiles, and calcium mishandling contribute collectively to changes in cellular signaling, gene expression, and ultimately changes in airway smooth muscle contractile/proliferative properties. Therefore, understanding the basic features of airway smooth muscle mitochondria and their functional contribution to airway biology and pathology are key to developing novel therapeutics for airway diseases. This review summarizes the recent findings of airway smooth muscle mitochondria focusing on calcium homeostasis and redox regulation, two key determinants of physiological and pathological functions of airway smooth muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Pan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Stanley Conaway
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao M, Yang J, Qiu X, Yang X, Qiao Z, Song X, Wang L, Zhao E, Yang Y, Cao D. CACNA1C rs1006737, Threatening Life Events, and Gene-Environment Interaction Predict Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:982. [PMID: 32038325 PMCID: PMC6987424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CACNA1C rs1006737 is a novel variant in discovery of replicable associations in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there have been no specific studies considered effect of environmental pathogens to date examining its clinical significance. In this study we investigated the interaction effect between CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphism and threatening life events (TLEs) in MDD and carried out a meta-analysis of published findings. METHODS A total of 1,177 consecutive participants were genotyped. Information on exposure to TLEs, socio-demographic data, and history of psychological problems among first-degree relatives was collected. MDD was diagnosed according to the Chinese version of the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. RESULTS There was a significant interaction effect between CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphism and TLEs in MDD. A dose-response relationship was found between CACNA1C rs1006737 genotypes and TLEs in MDD. The results of the meta-analysis showed that CACNA1C rs1006737 genotypes interacted with TLEs in MDD. CONCLUSION CACNA1C rs1006737 genotype and previous exposure to TLEs interact to influence the risk of developing MDD. We propose that CACNA1C rs1006737 may represent a target for novel pharmacological therapies to prevent or treat MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zhao
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarun Yang
- Department of Health Management of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejia Song
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Depin Cao
- Department of Health Management of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF, Zouein F, Arredouani A, Ouhtit A, Rahman MM, Zayed H, Pintus G, Abou-Saleh H. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors in Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1018. [PMID: 30093868 PMCID: PMC6071574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension remains a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. It is a complex disease that is the clinical manifestation of multiple genetic, environmental, nutritional, hormonal, and aging-related disorders. Evidence supports a role for vascular aging in the development of hypertension involving an impairment in endothelial function together with an alteration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcium homeostasis leading to increased myogenic tone. Changes in free intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+] i ) are mediated either by the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space or release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, mainly the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The influx of extracellular Ca2+ occurs primarily through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOC), and Ca2+ release-activated channels (CRAC), whereas SR-Ca2+ release occurs through inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). IP3R-mediated SR-Ca2+ release, in the form of Ca2+ waves, not only contributes to VSMC contraction and regulates VGCC function but is also intimately involved in structural remodeling of resistance arteries in hypertension. This involves a phenotypic switch of VSMCs as well as an alteration of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling machinery, a phenomena tightly related to the aging process. Several lines of evidence implicate changes in expression/function levels of IP3R isoforms in the development of hypertension, VSMC phenotypic switch, and vascular aging. The present review discusses the current knowledge of these mechanisms in an integrative approach and further suggests potential new targets for hypertension management and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fouad Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Md M Rahman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Farghaly HSM, Ashry IESM, Hareedy MS. High doses of digoxin increase the myocardial nuclear factor-kB and CaV1.2 channels in healthy mice. A possible mechanism of digitalis toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:533-539. [PMID: 29885637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic effects of digoxin may occur with normal therapeutic serum level. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) is an important transcription factor in most organ systems and is often implicated in the harmful effects of cardiac injury. NF-kB promotes inflammatory responses, mediates adverse cardiac remodeling and has a function correlation with calcium. The voltage-gated L-type calcium channel CaV1.2 mediates the influx of Ca+2 into the cell in response to membrane depolarization. Our aim was to characterize the role of NF-kB during digoxin toxicity and to assess its correlation with Cav 1.2 in healthy mice in vivo. METHODS To address these questions, digoxin was administered in doses of 0.1, 1 or 5 mg/kg orally daily for seven days to the animals. Serum digoxin, serum calcium, atrial and ventricular calcium levels were measured. We, also, looked for NF-kB and CaV1.2 channel expression in cardiac muscle of mice. RESULTS Digoxin at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg did not enhance serum, atrial, and ventricular Ca+2 levels, but were increased when digoxin dose of 1 and 5 mg/kg were administered. Histologically, myocardial necrosis and cellular infiltration on day 7 were significantly more severe in the 5 mg/kg/day digoxin group. Immunohistochemical studies showed more expression of both NF-kB and CaV1.2 in 1 and 5 mg/kg/day digoxin groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NF-kB may be responsible for digoxin toxicity, at least partially via modulation of CaV1.2 and intracellular calcium homeostasis in the myocardium.
Collapse
|
22
|
Michels S, Ganjam GK, Martins H, Schratt GM, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Culmsee C. Downregulation of the psychiatric susceptibility gene Cacna1c promotes mitochondrial resilience to oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:54. [PMID: 29760952 PMCID: PMC5945680 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and their etiologies involve complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Over the past ten years, several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified CACNA1C as one of the strongest genetic risk factors for the development of affective disorders. However, its role in disease pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Vulnerability to affective disorders also involves diverse environmental risk factors such as perinatal insults, childhood maltreatment, and other adverse pathophysiological or psychosocial life events. At the cellular level, such environmental influences may activate oxidative stress pathways, thereby altering neuronal plasticity and function. Mitochondria are the key organelles of energy metabolism and, further, highly important for the adaptation to oxidative stress. Accordingly, multiple lines of evidence including post-mortem brain and neuro-imaging studies suggest that psychiatric disorders are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cacna1c downregulation in combination with glutamate-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial function, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell viability in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. We found that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cacna1c preserved mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels after glutamate treatment. Further, Cacna1c silencing inhibited excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation and calcium influx, and protected the HT22 cells from oxidative cell death. Overall, our findings suggest that the GWAS-confirmed psychiatric risk gene CACNA1C plays a major role in oxidative stress pathways with particular impact on mitochondrial integrity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Michels
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Goutham K Ganjam
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Helena Martins
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,3Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Systems Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard M Schratt
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,3Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Systems Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wöhr
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,4Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,4Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Estradiol up-regulates L-type Ca 2+ channels via membrane-bound estrogen receptor/phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:741-749. [PMID: 29330129 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In long QT syndrome type 2, women are more prone than men to the lethal arrhythmia torsades de pointes. We previously reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) up-regulates L-type Ca2+ channels and current (ICa,L) (∼30%) in rabbit ventricular myocytes by a classic genomic mechanism mediated by estrogen receptor-α (ERα). In long QT syndrome type 2 (IKr blockade or bradycardia), the higher Ca2+ influx via ICa,L causes Ca2+ overload, spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and reactivation of ICa,L that triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms whereby E2 up-regulates ICa,L, which are poorly understood. METHODS H9C2 and rat myocytes were incubated with E2 ± ER antagonist, or inhibitors of downstream transcription factors, for 24 hours, followed by western blots of Cav1.2α1C and voltage-clamp measurements of ICa,L. RESULTS Incubation of H9C2 cells with E2 (10-100 nM) increased ICa,L density and Cav1.2α1C expression, which were suppressed by the ER antagonist ICI182,780 (1 μM). Enhanced ICa,L and Cav1.2α1C expression by E2 was suppressed by inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (Pi3K) (30 μM LY294002; P <.05) and Akt (5 μM MK2206) but not of mitogen-activated protein kinase (5 μM U0126) or protein kinase A (1 μM KT5720). E2 incubation increased p-CREB via the Pi3K/Akt pathway, reached a peak in 20 minutes (3-fold), and leveled off to 1.5-fold 24 hours later. Furthermore, a CREB decoy oligonucleotide inhibited E2-induced Cav1.2α1C expression, whereas membrane-impermeable E2 (E2-bovine serum albumin) was equally effective at Cav1.2α1C up-regulation as E2. CONCLUSION Estradiol up-regulates Cav1.2α1C and ICa,L via plasma membrane ER and by activating Pi3K, Akt, and CREB signaling. The promoter regions of the CACNA1C gene (human-rabbit-rat) contain adjacent/overlapping binding sites for p-CREB and ERα, which suggests a synergistic regulation by these pathways.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghosh D, Syed AU, Prada MP, Nystoriak MA, Santana LF, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Calcium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:49-87. [PMID: 28212803 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in excitation, contraction, transcription, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMs). Precise regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is crucial for proper physiological VSM function. Studies over the last several decades have revealed that VSMs express a variety of Ca2+-permeable channels that orchestrate a dynamic, yet finely tuned regulation of [Ca2+]i. In this review, we discuss the major Ca2+-permeable channels expressed in VSM and their contribution to vascular physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ghosh
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - A U Syed
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - M P Prada
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - M A Nystoriak
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - L F Santana
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - M F Navedo
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen Y, Zhu D, Yuan J, Han Z, Wang Y, Qian Z, Hou X, Wu T, Zou J. CLOCK-BMAL1 regulate the cardiac L-type calcium channel subunit CACNA1C through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1023-32. [PMID: 27376484 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heterodimerized transcription factors CLOCK-BMAL1 regulate the cardiomyocyte circadian rhythms. The L-type calcium currents play important role in the cardiac electrogenesis and arrhythmogenesis. Whether and how the CLOCK-BMAL1 regulate the cardiac L-type calcium channels are yet to be determined. The functions of the L-type calcium channels were evaluated with patch clamping techniques. Recombinant adenoviruses of CLOCK and BMAL1 were used in the expression experiments. We reported that the expressions and functions of CACNA1C (the α-subunit of the L-type calcium channels) showed circadian rhythms, with the peak at zeitgeber time 3 (ZT3). The endocardial action potential durations 90 (APD90) were correspondingly longer at ZT3. The protein levels of the phosphorylated Akt at threonine 308 (pAkt T308) also showed circadian rhythms. Overexpressions of CLOCK-BMAL1 significantly reduced the levels of CACNA1C while increasing the levels of pAkt T308 and pik3r1. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of CLOCK-BMAL1 on CACNA1C could be abolished by the Akt inhibitor MK2206 or the PDK1 inhibitor GSK2334470. Collectively, our findings suggested that the expressions of the cardiac CACNA1C were under the CLOCK-BMAL1 regulation, probably through the PI3K-Akt signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Didi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonglin Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu MY, Jin J, Li SL, Yan J, Zhen CL, Gao JL, Zhang YH, Zhang YQ, Shen X, Zhang LS, Wei YY, Zhao Y, Wang CG, Bai YL, Dong DL. Mitochondrial Fission of Smooth Muscle Cells Is Involved in Artery Constriction. Hypertension 2016; 68:1245-1254. [PMID: 27572148 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and continuously undergo fission and fusion processes. Mitochondrial fission is involved in multiple physiological or pathological processes, but the role of mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells in artery constriction is unknown. The role of mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells in arterial function was investigated by measuring the tension of rat mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta and by evaluating mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and cytosolic [Ca2+]i in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Mitochondrial fission inhibitors mdivi-1 and dynasore antagonized phenylephrine- and high K+-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. Mdivi-1 relaxed phenylephrine-induced constriction, and mdivi-1 pretreatment prevented phenylephrine-induced constriction in mice, rat aorta, and human mesenteric arteries. Phenylephrine- and high K+-induced increase of mitochondrial fission in smooth muscle cells of rat aorta and the increase was inhibited by mdivi-1. Mdivi-1 inhibited high K+-induced increases of mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and cytosolic [Ca2+]i in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Prechelation of cytosolic Ca2+ prevented high K+-induced cytosolic [Ca2+]i increase, mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO antagonized phenylephrine- and high K+-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. Nitroglycerin and ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) inhibitor Y27632, the 2 vasodilators with different vasorelaxant mechanisms, relaxed high K+-induced vasoconstriction and inhibited high K+-induced mitochondrial fission. In conclusion, the mitochondrial fission of smooth muscle cells is involved in artery constriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jing Jin
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Shan-Liang Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jie Yan
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Chang-Lin Zhen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jin-Lai Gao
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Xin Shen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Liang-Shuan Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yu Zhao
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yun-Long Bai
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University
| | - De-Li Dong
- From the Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
NFATc4 and myocardin synergistically up-regulate the expression of LTCC α1C in ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Life Sci 2016; 155:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Sun A, Wang Y, Liu J, Yu X, Sun Y, Yang F, Dong S, Wu J, Zhao Y, Xu C, Lu F, Zhang W. Exogenous H2S modulates mitochondrial fusion-fission to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in a hyperglycemic state. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:36. [PMID: 27252826 PMCID: PMC4888644 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in response to hyperglycemia is an important process in the development of arterial vessel hyperplasia. The shape change of mitochondria is dynamic and closely related to fission and fusion. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was confirmed to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. However, little it is known about its effects on mitochondrial morphology induced by hyperglycemia. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that H2S inhibits VSMC proliferation through regulating mitochondrial fission. Methods and results We observe lower H2S levels as well as higher proliferative protein expression levels for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 and higher mitochondrial fusion–fission protein expression levels for dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp 1) in human kidney arteries and in db/db mouse aorta. Exogenous H2S (100 μM NaHS) inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells of human pulmonary aorta(HPASMC) proliferation and migration in response to high glucose using the BrdU and scratch wound repair assays, decreases proliferative protein (PCNA and cyclin D1) expression, and reduces ROS production in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. When HPASMCs proliferate with a high glucose treatment, the mitochondria become small spheres with a short rod-shaped structure, whereas NaHS, a mitochondrial division inhibitor and siDrp prevent VSMC proliferation and maintain mitochondria as stationary and randomly dispersed with fixed structures. Conclusion Exogenous H2S aids in inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation and affects proliferation in db/db mice and HPASMCs by decreasing Drp 1 expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-016-0102-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aili Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, First Clinical Medical School of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Xiangjing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hou HT, Wang J, Wang ZQ, Liu XC, Marinko M, Novakovic A, Yang Q, He GW. Effect of Benidipine in Human Internal Mammary Artery and Clinical Implications. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:1789-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
30
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not only a key mediator of oxidative stress but also one of the most important cellular second messengers. This small short-lived molecule is involved in the regulation of a wide range of different biological processes, including regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Studying the role of H2O2 in living systems would be challenging without modern approaches. A genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor, HyPer, is one of the most effective tools for this purpose. RECENT ADVANCES HyPer has been used by many investigators of redox signaling in various models of different scales: from cytoplasmic subcompartments and single cells to tissues of whole organisms. In many studies, the results obtained using HyPer have enabled a better understanding of the roles of H2O2 in these biological processes. However, much remains to be learned. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we focus on the uses of HyPer. We provide a general description of HyPer and its improved versions. Separate chapters are devoted to the results obtained by various groups who have used this biosensor for their experiments in living cells and organisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS HyPer is an effective tool for H2O2 imaging in living systems as indicated by the increasing numbers of publications each year since its development. However, this biosensor requires further improvements. In particular, much brighter and more pH-stable versions of HyPer are necessary for imaging in mammalian tissues. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 731-751.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Association of Elevated Serum Lipoprotein(a), Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Chronic Kidney Disease with Hypertension in Non-diabetes Hypertensive Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 31:446-51. [PMID: 27605742 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic kidney disease (CKD) exacerbate the response to tissue injury and acts as markers of the vascular disease, especially in glomerulosclerosis. We compared the clinical characteristics of 138 non-diabetes hypertensive women (ndHT) patients with 417 non-diabetes normotensive subjects and tested the association of hypertension with Lp(a), inflammation, CKD and oxidative stress by using multiple logistic regression. BP, BMI, waist circumference, creatinine, Lp(a), inflammation and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and CKD state in the ndHT patients (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed hypertension associated with increased Lp(a), inflammation, ORs and 95 % CIs were 2.52 (1.33, 4.80), 2.75 (1.44, 5.27) after adjusting for their covariates. Elevated serum Lp(a) and inflammation levels concomitants with increased oxidative stress and CKD were the major risk factors associated with hypertension and implications for the increased risk of HT and vascular disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Nie F, Wang X, Zhao P, Yang H, Zhu W, Zhao Y, Chen B, Valenzuela RK, Zhang R, Gallitano AL, Ma J. Genetic analysis of SNPs in CACNA1C and ANK3 gene with schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:637-48. [PMID: 26227746 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), meta-analyses, and replication studies focusing on bipolar disorder (BD) have implicated the α-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1C) and ankyrin 3 (ANK3) genes in BD. Based on the hypothesis that both schizophrenia (SZ) and BD may share some common genetic risk factors, we investigated the association of CACNA1C and ANK3 with SZ using meta-analytic techniques, combining all published data up to April 2015. Nine teams, including four European decent samples and five Asian samples, contributed 14,141 cases and 30,679 controls for the analysis of CACNA1C rs1006737 and SZ. A significant difference was identified between patients and controls for the A-allele of rs1006737 in combined studies (Z = 6.02, P = 1.74E-09), in European studies (Z = 4.08, P = 4.50E-05), and in Asian studies (Z = 4.60, P = 4.22E-06). Meanwhile, for the T-allele of ANK3 rs10761482 (1,794 cases versus 1,395 controls), a significant association was observed in combined samples (Z = 2.06, P = 0.04) and in Asian samples (Z = 3.10, P = 0.002). In summary, our study provides further evidence for the positive association of CACNA1C and ANK3 with SZ. These results support the hypothesis that both SZ and BD share common genetic risk factors. Further research is needed to examine the functions of CACNA1C and ANK3, and their interacting partners in the molecular, developmental, and pathophysiological processes in SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayi Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Robert K Valenzuela
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Amelia L Gallitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lubrano V, Balzan S. Enzymatic antioxidant system in vascular inflammation and coronary artery disease. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:218-224. [PMID: 26618108 PMCID: PMC4655251 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i4.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In biological systems there is a balance between the production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This balance is maintained by the presence of natural antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The enhancement of lipid peroxidation or the decrease of antioxidant protection present in metabolic diseases or bad lifestyle can induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative stress can increase ROS reducing the formation of antioxidant defences, especially in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). Some observation indicated that in the early stages of the disease there is a homeostatic up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme system in response to increased free radicals to prevent vascular damage. As soon as free radicals get to chronically elevated levels, this compensation ceases. Therefore, SOD and the other enzymes may represent a good therapeutic target against ROS, but they are not useful markers for the diagnosis of CAD. In conclusion antioxidant enzymes are reduced in presence of metabolic disease and CAD. However the existence of genes that promote their enzymatic activity could contribute to create new drugs for the treatment of damage caused by metabolic diseases or lifestyle that increases the plasma ROS levels.
Collapse
|
34
|
Caputo A, Piano I, Demontis GC, Bacchi N, Casarosa S, Della Santina L, Gargini C. TMEM16A is associated with voltage-gated calcium channels in mouse retina and its function is disrupted upon mutation of the auxiliary α2δ4 subunit. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:422. [PMID: 26557056 PMCID: PMC4617175 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors rely upon highly specialized synapses to efficiently transmit signals to multiple postsynaptic targets. Calcium influx in the presynaptic terminal is mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). This event triggers neurotransmitter release, but also gates calcium-activated chloride channels (TMEM), which in turn regulate VGCC activity. In order to investigate the relationship between VGCC and TMEM channels, we analyzed the retina of wild type (WT) and Cacna2d4 mutant mice, in which the VGCC auxiliary α2δ4 subunit carries a nonsense mutation, disrupting the normal channel function. Synaptic terminals of mutant photoreceptors are disarranged and synaptic proteins as well as TMEM16A channels lose their characteristic localization. In parallel, calcium-activated chloride currents are impaired in rods, despite unaltered TMEM16A protein levels. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed the interaction between VGCC and TMEM16A channels in the retina. Heterologous expression of these channels in tsA-201 cells showed that TMEM16A associates with the CaV1.4 subunit, and the association persists upon expression of the mutant α2δ4 subunit. Collectively, our experiments show association between TMEM16A and the α1 subunit of VGCC. Close proximity of these channels allows optimal function of the photoreceptor synaptic terminal under physiological conditions, but also makes TMEM16A channels susceptible to changes occurring to calcium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Bacchi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento Trento, Italy
| | - Simona Casarosa
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento Trento, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fisetin Imparts Neuroprotection in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy by Modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:883-892. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
36
|
Tangvarasittichai S. Oxidative stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:456-480. [PMID: 25897356 PMCID: PMC4398902 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increased in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and this appears to underlie the development of cardiovascular disease, T2DM and diabetic complications. Increased oxidative stress appears to be a deleterious factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and ultimately leading to T2DM. Chronic oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are particularly dangerous for β-cells from lowest levels of antioxidant, have high oxidative energy requirements, decrease the gene expression of key β-cell genes and induce cell death. If β-cell functioning is impaired, it results in an under production of insulin, impairs glucose stimulated insulin secretion, fasting hyperglycemia and eventually the development of T2DM.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regulate preglomerular vasomotor tone primarily of the afferent arteriole. Differences in response times allow separation of these mechanisms in the time and frequency domains. Mechanotransduction initiating the myogenic response requires a sensing mechanism activated by stretch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and coupled to intracellular signaling pathways eliciting plasma membrane depolarization and a rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Proposed mechanosensors include epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), integrins, and/or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Increased [Ca(2+)]i occurs predominantly by Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCC). Increased [Ca(2+)]i activates inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) to mobilize Ca(2+) from sarcoplasmic reticular stores. Myogenic vasoconstriction is sustained by increased Ca(2+) sensitivity, mediated by protein kinase C and Rho/Rho-kinase that favors a positive balance between myosin light-chain kinase and phosphatase. Increased RPP activates MD-TGF by transducing a signal of epithelial MD salt reabsorption to adjust afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. A combination of vascular and tubular mechanisms, novel to the kidney, provides for high autoregulatory efficiency that maintains RBF and GFR, stabilizes sodium excretion, and buffers transmission of RPP to sensitive glomerular capillaries, thereby protecting against hypertensive barotrauma. A unique aspect of the myogenic response in the renal vasculature is modulation of its strength and speed by the MD-TGF and by a connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CT-GF) mechanism. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide are modulators of myogenic and MD-TGF mechanisms. Attenuated renal autoregulation contributes to renal damage in many, but not all, models of renal, diabetic, and hypertensive diseases. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms enabling renal autoregulation in health and disease and methods used for its study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William J Arendshorst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Scola G, Laliberte VLM, Kim HK, Pinguelo A, Salvador M, Young LT, Andreazza AC. Vitis labrusca extract effects on cellular dynamics and redox modulations in a SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model: A similar role to lithium. Neurochem Int 2014; 79:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
39
|
Sun X, Kumar S, Sharma S, Aggarwal S, Lu Q, Gross C, Rafikova O, Lee SG, Dasarathy S, Hou Y, Meadows ML, Han W, Su Y, Fineman JR, Black SM. Endothelin-1 induces a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the mitochondrial translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1084-95. [PMID: 24392990 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0187oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that, during the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), there is a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in the pulmonary endothelium. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been elucidated. Endothelin (ET)-1, an endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, is increased in PH, and has been shown to play an important role in the oxidative stress associated with PH. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether there was a potential link between increases in ET-1 and mitochondrial remodeling. Our data indicate that ET-1 induces the redistribution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, and that this was dependent on eNOS uncoupling. We also found that ET-1 disturbed carnitine metabolism, resulting in the attenuation of mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, ATP levels were unchanged due to a compensatory increase in glycolysis. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that ET-1 mediated the redistribution of eNOS via the phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 by protein kinase C δ. In addition, the glycolytic switch appeared to be dependent on mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species that led to the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor signaling. Finally, the cell culture data were confirmed in vivo using the monocrotaline rat model of PH. Thus, we conclude that ET-1 induces a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the redistribution of uncoupled eNOS to the mitochondria, and that preventing this event may be an approach for the treatment of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- 1 Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Evanson KW, Bannister JP, Leo MD, Jaggar JH. LRRC26 is a functional BK channel auxiliary γ subunit in arterial smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2014; 115:423-31. [PMID: 24906643 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Smooth muscle cell (myocyte) large-conductance calcium (Ca)(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels are functionally significant modulators of arterial contractility. Arterial myocytes express both pore-forming BKα and auxiliary β1 subunits, which increase channel Ca(2+) sensitivity. Recently, several leucine-rich repeat containing (LRRC) proteins have been identified as auxiliary γ subunits that elevate the voltage sensitivity of recombinant and prostate adenocarcinoma BK channels. LRRC expression and physiological functions in native cell types are unclear. OBJECTIVE Investigate the expression and physiological functions of leucine-rich repeat containing protein 26 (LRRC26) in arterial myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting detected LRRC26 mRNA and protein in cerebral artery myocytes. Biotinylation, immunofluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, and coimmunoprecipitation indicated that LRRC26 was located in close spatial proximity to, and associated with, plasma membrane BKα subunits. LRRC26 knockdown (RNAi) reduced total and surface LRRC26, but did not alter BKα or β1, proteins in arteries. LRRC26 knockdown did not alter Ca(2+) sparks but reduced BK channel voltage sensitivity, which decreased channel apparent Ca(2+) sensitivity and transient BK current frequency and amplitude in myocytes. LRRC26 knockdown also increased myogenic tone over a range (40-100 mm Hg) of intravascular pressures, and reduced vasoconstriction to iberiotoxin and vasodilation to NS1619, BK channel inhibitors and activators, respectively. In contrast, LRRC26 knockdown did not alter depolarization (60 mmol/L K(+))-induced vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS LRRC26 is expressed, associates with BKα subunits, and elevates channel voltage- and apparent Ca(2+) sensitivity in arterial myocytes to induce vasodilation. This study indicates that arterial myocytes express a functional BK channel γ subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk W Evanson
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - John P Bannister
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - M Dennis Leo
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Osmond JM, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Walker BR, Kanagy NL. Endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction does not require intracellular Ca²⁺ waves in arteries from rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H667-73. [PMID: 24414066 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apnea is associated with cardiovascular disease, and patients with sleep apnea have elevated plasma endothelin (ET)-1 concentrations. Rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH), a model of sleep apnea, also have increased plasma ET-1 concentrations and heightened constriction to ET-1 in mesenteric arteries without an increase in global vascular smooth muscle cell Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]). Because ET-1 has been shown to increase the occurrence of propagating Ca(2+) waves, we hypothesized that ET-1 increases Ca(2+) wave activity in mesenteric arteries, rather than global [Ca(2+)], to mediate enhanced vasoconstriction after IH exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to sham or IH conditions for 7 h/day for 2 wk. Mesenteric arteries from sham- and IH-exposed rats were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized to 75 mmHg to measure ET-1-induced constriction as well as changes in global [Ca(2+)] and Ca(2+) wave activity. A low concentration of ET-1 (1 nM) elicited similar vasoconstriction and global Ca(2+) responses in the two groups. Conversely, ET-1 had no effect on Ca(2+) wave activity in arteries from sham rats but significantly increased wave frequency in arteries from IH-exposed rats. The ET-1-induced increase in Ca(2+) wave frequency in arteries from IH rats was dependent on phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activation, yet inhibition of phospholipase C and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor did not prevent ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction. These results suggest that although ET-1 elevates Ca(2+) wave activity after IH exposure, increases in wave activity are not associated with increased vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Osmond
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
He K, An Z, Wang Q, Li T, Li Z, Chen J, Li W, Wang T, Ji J, Feng G, Lin H, Yi Q, Shi Y. CACNA1C, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 204:36-9. [PMID: 24262814 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common psychiatric disorders are highly heritable, indicating that genetic factors play an important role in their aetiology. The CACNA1C gene, which codes for subunit alpha-1C of the Cav1.2 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, has been consistently found to be the shared risk gene for several kinds of mental disorder. AIMS To investigate whether CACNA1C is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population. METHOD We carried out a case-control study of 1235 patients with schizophrenia, 1045 with major depressive disorder and 1235 healthy controls. A tag single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1006737 along with another 10 tag SNPs in the CACNA1C gene were genotyped in all samples. RESULTS We found that rs1006737 was associated with both schizophrenia (P(allele) = 0.0014, P(genotype) = 0.006, odds ratio (OR) = 1.384, 95% CI 1.134-1.690) and major depressive disorder (P(allele) = 0.0007, P(genotype) = 0.003, OR = 1.425, 95% CI 1.160-1.752). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support CACNA1C being a risk gene for both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuanjun He
- Kuanjun He, PhD, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai and College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia; Zhiguo An, MS, Department of Psychiatry, the First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi; Qingzhong Wang, PhD, Tao Li, PhD, Zhiqiang Li, PhD, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianhua Chen, PhD, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai and Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Wenjin Li, PhD, Ti Wang, PhD, Jue Ji, BM, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai and College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia; Guoyin Feng, BM, Schizophrenia Program, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; He Lin, PhD, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Qizhong Yi, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, the First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi; Yongyong Shi, PhD, Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai and Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rashid K, Sinha K, Sil PC. An update on oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:584-600. [PMID: 24084033 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants and drugs can result in pathophysiological situations in the body. Research in this area is essential as the knowledge on cellular survival and death would help in designing effective therapeutic strategies that are needed for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of the body. In this regard, naturally occurring bio-molecules can be considered as potential therapeutic targets as they are normally available in commonly consumed foodstuffs and are thought to have minimum side effects. This review article describes the detailed mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology and the ultimate fate of the cells either to survive or to undergo necrotic or apoptotic death. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of a number of naturally occurring bioactive molecules in oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology have also been included in the review. The review provides useful information about the recent progress in understanding the mechanism(s) of various types of organ pathophysiology, the complex cross-talk between these pathways, as well as their modulation in stressed conditions. Additionally, it suggests possible therapeutic applications of a number of naturally occurring bioactive molecules in conditions involving oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Rashid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
McCarron JG, Wilson C, Sandison ME, Olson ML, Girkin JM, Saunter C, Chalmers S. From structure to function: mitochondrial morphology, motion and shaping in vascular smooth muscle. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:357-71. [PMID: 23887139 PMCID: PMC3884171 DOI: 10.1159/000353883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of mitochondrial arrangements, which arise from the organelle being static or moving, or fusing and dividing in a dynamically reshaping network, is only beginning to be appreciated. While significant progress has been made in understanding the proteins that reorganise mitochondria, the physiological significance of the various arrangements is poorly understood. The lack of understanding may occur partly because mitochondrial morphology is studied most often in cultured cells. The simple anatomy of cultured cells presents an attractive model for visualizing mitochondrial behaviour but contrasts with the complexity of native cells in which elaborate mitochondrial movements and morphologies may not occur. Mitochondrial changes may take place in native cells (in response to stress and proliferation), but over a slow time-course and the cellular function contributed is unclear. To determine the role mitochondrial arrangements play in cell function, a crucial first step is characterisation of the interactions among mitochondrial components. Three aspects of mitochondrial behaviour are described in this review: (1) morphology, (2) motion and (3) rapid shape changes. The proposed physiological roles to which various mitochondrial arrangements contribute and difficulties in interpreting some of the physiological conclusions are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John G. McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde Wolfson Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mairi E. Sandison
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - Marnie L. Olson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - John M. Girkin
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Christopher Saunter
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Susan Chalmers
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Harraz OF, Welsh DG. T-Type Ca2+Channels in Cerebral Arteries: Approaches, Hypotheses, and Speculation. Microcirculation 2013; 20:299-306. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Research Institutes; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| | - Donald G. Welsh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Research Institutes; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
De Silva TM, Faraci FM. Effects of angiotensin II on the cerebral circulation: role of oxidative stress. Front Physiol 2013; 3:484. [PMID: 23316164 PMCID: PMC3539653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has emerged as a key component of many diseases that affect the vasculature. Oxidative stress is characterized as a cellular environment where the generation of oxidant molecules overwhelms endogenous anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes whose primary purpose is generation of reactive oxygen species (oxidant molecules) and therefore are likely to be key contributors to oxidative stress. Hypertension is associated with oxidative stress in the vasculature and is a major risk factor for stroke and cognitive abnormalities. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and plays a critical role in promoting oxidative stress in the vasculature. In the cerebral circulation, Ang II has been implicated in reactive oxygen species generation, alterations to vasomotor function, impaired neurovascular coupling, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, studies in humans have shown that cerebral blood flow is altered during hypertension and therapeutically targeting the RAS improves cerebral blood flow. Importantly, many of the aforementioned effects have been shown to be dependent on NADPH oxidases. Thus, Ang II, NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress are likely to play key roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension and associated cerebrovascular disease. This review will focus on our current understanding of the contribution of Ang II and NADPH oxidases to oxidative stress in the cerebral circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Michael De Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Williams R. Circulation Research
“In This Issue” Anthology. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/res.0b013e31826f7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Chalmers S, Saunter C, Wilson C, Coats P, Girkin JM, McCarron JG. Mitochondrial motility and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:3000-11. [PMID: 23104850 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.255174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are widely described as being highly dynamic and adaptable organelles, and their movement is thought to be vital for cell function. Yet, in various native cells, including those of heart and smooth muscle, mitochondria are stationary and rigidly structured. The significance of the differences in mitochondrial behavior to the physiological function of cells is unclear and was studied in single myocytes and intact resistance-sized cerebral arteries. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dynamics is controlled by the proliferative status of the cells. METHODS AND RESULTS High-speed fluorescence imaging of mitochondria in live vascular smooth muscle cells shows that the organelle undergoes significant reorganization as cells become proliferative. In nonproliferative cells, mitochondria are individual (≈ 2 μm by 0.5 μm), stationary, randomly dispersed, fixed structures. However, on entering the proliferative state, mitochondria take on a more diverse architecture and become small spheres, short rod-shaped structures, long filamentous entities, and networks. When cells proliferate, mitochondria also continuously move and change shape. In the intact pressurized resistance artery, mitochondria are largely immobile structures, except in a small number of cells in which motility occurred. When proliferation of smooth muscle was encouraged in the intact resistance artery, in organ culture, the majority of mitochondria became motile and the majority of smooth muscle cells contained moving mitochondria. Significantly, restriction of mitochondrial motility using the fission blocker mitochondrial division inhibitor prevented vascular smooth muscle proliferation in both single cells and the intact resistance artery. CONCLUSIONS These results show that mitochondria are adaptable and exist in intact tissue as both stationary and highly dynamic entities. This mitochondrial plasticity is an essential mechanism for the development of smooth muscle proliferation and therefore presents a novel therapeutic target against vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Chalmers
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bhat S, Dao DT, Terrillion CE, Arad M, Smith RJ, Soldatov NM, Gould TD. CACNA1C (Cav1.2) in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:1-14. [PMID: 22705413 PMCID: PMC3459072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most consistent genetic findings to have emerged from bipolar disorder genome wide association studies (GWAS) is with CACNA1C, a gene that codes for the α(1C) subunit of the Ca(v)1.2 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (LTCC). Genetic variation in CACNA1C have also been associated with depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, as well as changes in brain function and structure in control subjects who have no diagnosable psychiatric illness. These data are consistent with a continuum of shared neurobiological vulnerability between diverse-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) defined-neuropsychiatric diseases. While involved in numerous cellular functions, Ca(v)1.2 is most frequently implicated in coupling of cell membrane depolarization to transient increase of the membrane permeability for calcium, leading to activation and, potentially, changes in intracellular signaling pathway activity, gene transcription, and synaptic plasticity. Ca(v)1.2 is involved in the proper function of numerous neurological circuits including those involving the hippocampus, amygdala, and mesolimbic reward system, which are strongly implicated in psychiatric disease pathophysiology. A number of behavioral effects of LTCC inhibitors have been described including antidepressant-like behavioral actions in rodent models. Clinical studies suggest possible treatment effects in a subset of patients with mood disorders. We review the genetic structure and variation of CACNA1C, discussing relevant human genetic and clinical findings, as well as the biological actions of Ca(v)1.2 that are most relevant to psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David T. Dao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Michal Arad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mitochondrial ‘flashes’: a radical concept repHined. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:503-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|