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Na S, Park JT, Kim S, Han J, Jung S, Kwak K. Association between ambient particulate matter levels and hypertension: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e51. [PMID: 38274360 PMCID: PMC10808086 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there has been increasing worldwide concern about outdoor air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), which has been extensively researched for its harmful effects on the respiratory system. However, sufficient research on its effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, remains lacking. In this study, we examine the associations between PM levels and hypertension and hypothesize that higher PM concentrations are associated with elevated blood pressure. Methods A total of 133,935 adults aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the short- (1-14 days), medium- (1 and 3 months), and long-term (1 and 2 years) impacts of PM on blood pressure. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of PM on blood pressure elevation after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, health-related lifestyle behaviors, and geographic areas. Results Using multiple linear regression analyses, both crude and adjusted models generated positive estimates, indicating an association with increased blood pressure, with all results being statistically significant, with the exception of PM levels over the long-term period (1 and 2 years) in non-hypertensive participants. In the logistic regression analyses on non-hypertensive participants, moderate PM10 (particulate matter with diameters < 10 μm) and PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameters < 2.5 μm) levels over the long-term period and all high PM10 and PM2.5 levels were statistically significant after adjusting for various covariates. Notably, high PM2.5 levels of the 1 year exhibited the highest odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.28) after adjustment. Conclusions These findings suggest that both short- and long-term exposure to PM is associated with blood pressure elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewhan Na
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbeom Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Saemi Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kwak
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
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Han Y, Chatzidiakou L, Yan L, Chen W, Zhang H, Krause A, Xue T, Chan Q, Liu J, Wu Y, Barratt B, Jones R, Zhu T, Kelly FJ. Difference in ambient-personal exposure to PM 2.5 and its inflammatory effect in local residents in urban and peri-urban Beijing, China: results of the AIRLESS project. Faraday Discuss 2021; 226:569-583. [PMID: 33295898 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is often used as a proxy of personal exposure in epidemiological studies. However, the difference between personal and ambient exposure, and whether it biases the estimates of health effects remain unknown. Based on an epidemiological study (AIRLESS) and simultaneously launched intensive monitoring campaigns (APHH), we quantified and compared the personal and ambient exposure to PM2.5 and the related health impact among residents in Beijing, China. In total, 123 urban and 128 peri-urban non-smoking participants were recruited from two well-established cohorts in Beijing. During winter 2016 and summer 2017, each participant was instructed to carry a validated personal air monitor (PAM) to measure PM2.5 concentration at high spatiotemporal resolution for seven consecutive days in each season. Multiple inflammatory biomarkers were measured, including exhaled NO, blood monocytes counts and C-reactive protein. Linear mixed-effect models were used for the associations between exposure and health outcomes with adjustment for confounders. The average level of daily personal exposure to PM2.5 was consistently lower than using corresponding ambient concentration, and the difference is greater during the winter. The personal to ambient (P/A) ratio of exposure to PM2.5 exhibited an exponentially declining trend, and showed larger variations when ambient PM2.5 levels < 25 μg m-3. Personal exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with the increase in respiratory and systemic inflammatory biomarkers; however, the associations were weaker or became insignificant when ambient concentrations were used. Exposure to ambient PM2.5 might not be a good proxy to estimate the health effect of exposure to personal PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Han
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Su R, Jin X, Lyu L, Tian J, Amin S, Li Z. The potential immunotoxicity of fine particulate matter based on SD rat spleen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23958-23966. [PMID: 31218585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Health risks have been closely related to increased exposure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in general population. Immune system is considered to be a most vulnerable target for airborne pollutants. PM2.5 could make some serious damages to the body organs by inducing immunotoxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of this study is aimed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of PM2.5-mediated immunotoxicity on spleen organ by using SD rat models. This research demonstrated that the spleen structure damage induced by PM2.5 treatment was more pronounced in winter than in summer. Mechanistically, TUNEL staining show a considerable increase in spleen apoptosis by summer and winter PM2.5 exposures compared with control. However, winter PM2.5 exposure caused more toxicity in the spleen than summer PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, our results illustrated that PM2.5 triggered oxidative stress and ERS in spleen tissues of SD rats, and lead to apoptosis via upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12. Likewise, the protein levels of LC3 were significantly increased and p62 was decreased by PM2.5 exposure, thereby activated the autophagy of spleen in SD rats in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study supported that PM2.5 mediated the immunotoxicity by the occurrence of stimulation of ERS and autophagy in SD rats. Taken together, these findings suggest PM2.5 as potential agent of immunotoxicity that needs an urgent attention. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract contains poor quality of text inside the artwork. Please do not re-use the file that we have rejected or attempt to increase its resolution and re-save. It is originally poor, therefore, increasing the resolution will not solve the quality problem. We suggest that you provide us the original format. We prefer replacement figures containing vector/editable objects rather than embedded images. Preferred file formats are eps, ai, tiff and pdf.Thanks you attention. We will provide tiff format image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liang Lyu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Burn BR, Varner KJ. Environmentally persistent free radicals compromise left ventricular function during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H998-H1006. [PMID: 25681431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00891.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increases in airborne particulate matter (PM) are linked to increased mortality from myocardial ischemia. PM contains environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) that form as halogenated hydrocarbons chemisorb to transition metal oxide-coated particles, and are capable of sustained redox cycling. We hypothesized that exposure to the EPFR DCB230 would increase cardiac vulnerability to subsequent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Rats were exposed to DCB230 or vehicle via nose-only inhalation (230 μg max/day) over 30 min/day for 7 days. MI/R or sham MI/R (sham) was initiated 24 h after the final exposure. Following 1 or 7 days of reperfusion, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed and infarct size measured. In vehicle-exposed rats, MI/R injury did not significantly reduce cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), stroke work (SW), end-diastolic volume (EDV), or end-systolic volume (ESV) after 1 day of reperfusion, despite significant reductions in end-systolic pressure (ESP). Preload-recruitable SW (PRSW; contractility) was elevated, presumably to maintain LV function. MI/R 1-day rats exposed to DCB230 also had similarly reduced ESP. Compared with vehicle controls, CO, SV, and SW were significantly reduced in DCB230-exposed MI/R 1-day rats; moreover, PRSW did not increase. DCB230's effects on LV function dissipated within 8 days of exposure. These data show that inhalation of EPFRs can exacerbate the deficits in LV function produced by subsequent MI/R injury. Infarct size was not different between the MI/R groups. We conclude that inhalation of EPFRs can compromise cardiac function during MI/R injury and may help to explain the link between PM and MI/R-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R Burn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kurt J Varner
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Zhao C, Liao J, Chu W, Wang S, Yang T, Tao Y, Wang G. Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 and Th1/Th2 shift in inflammatory responses induced by fine ambient particulate matter in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:918-27. [PMID: 23121301 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.731093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Weili Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Tongsheng Yang
- Department of the Animal Centre, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Tao
- Department of the Animal Centre, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital,
Beijing, China
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